考点01
名词
名词的数
1._______
luggage
has
to
be
abandoned
to
save
the
people
on
the
ship.
A.A
good
many
B.A
large
number
of
C.A
great
deal
of
D.A
great
many
of
2.The
policeman
asked
______
if
they
had
seen
the
accident
happen.
A.passer-by
B.passers-by
C.passer-bys
D.passers-bys
3.There
are
several
______
in
this
novel
that
are
different
in
______.
A.character;
character
B.characters;
characters
C.character;
characters
D.characters;
character
4.—She
got
her
first
science
fiction
published.
It
turned
out
to
be________.
—When
was
that?
—It
was
in
2008________
she
was
still
in
college.
A.a
success;
when
B.success;
that
C.success;
when
D.a
success;
that
5.I
would
line
up
my
__________
on
this
windowsill(窗台)
and
play.
A.toives
B.toyes
C.toies
D.toys
6.It
is
bad
_______
to
talk
with
your
finger
______
at
the
other
person.
A.manners,
points
B.manner,
to
point
C.manners,
pointing
D.manner,
pointed
名词所有格
7.Mike
and
John’s
______.
A.father
is
a
teacher
B.fathers
are
teachers
C.father
are
teachers
D.fathers
are
teacher
8.----
Excuse
me,
is
the
supermarket
far
from
here?
----
No,
it’s
about
________.
A.7
minutes
walk
B.7
minute
walk
C.7
minutes’
walk
D.7
minute’s
walk
9.—How
far
is
your
cousin`s
company
from
here?
—It`s
about
two______
ride.
A.hour`s
B.hours
C.hours`
D.hour
10.The
____________
shoes
were
covered
with
mud,
so
I
asked
them
to
take
them
off
before
they
got
into
__________
car.
A.girl’s;
Tom’s
B.girls’;
Toms’
C.girls’;
Tom’s
D.girl’s;
Toms’
11.—Whose
umbrella
is
it?
—It’s
_________.
A.somebody
else’s
B.somebody
else
C.somebody’s
else’s
D.Somebody’s
else
12.The
village
is
far
away
from
here
indeed.
It’s
_________
walk.
A.a
four
hour
B.a
four
hour’s
C.a
four-hours
D.a
four
hours’
名词的功能及词义辨析
13.The
parcel
was
sent
to
the
wrong
______.
A.destination
B.solution
C.congestion
D.registration
14.We
were
walking
on
the
fine,
soft
sand,
which
kept
the
______
of
the
waves.
A.impression
B.exploration
C.expression
D.inspiration
15.This
article
gives
us
a
real
_____
into
the
causes
of
the
present
crisis
in
the
world.
A.enquiry
B.admission
C.insight
D.division
16.This
newspaper
has
a
daily
______
of
more
than
one
million
in
this
city
and
if
s
common
to
see
passengers
read
a
copy
in
the
subway.
A.circulation
B.association
C.contribution
D.accumulation
17.Most
schools
nowadays
prefer
to
use
continuous_________,
because
it
gives
a
fairer
picture
of
how
the
student
has
done
during
the
whole
year.
A.arrangement
B.assessment
C.argument
D.approach
18.The
study
of
a
modern
language
has
a
unique
______
to
make
to
the
development
of
cultural
awareness.
A.influence
B.connection
C.contribution
D.devotion
主谓一致
19.The
sculpture,
and
the
person
who
produced
it,
________the
young
artist
has
never
been
able
to
find
out.
A.that
B./
C.which
D.what
20.China
is
a
racially
mixed
country,
in
which
various
ethnic(民族)
groups
bring
their
own
unique
flavors
to
each
corner
of
the
country,
which
adds
________
people's
table.
A.to
great
variety
of
B.great
variety
to
C.to
a
great
variety
of
D.the
great
variety
to
21.Since
1949,
the
people’s
living
standard?____,
causing
a
big
____
in
population.
A.has
been
raised;
rise
B.has
been
risen;
raise
C.has
raised;
rise
D.has
raised;
rose
22.The
writer
and
poet________
to
give
us
a
speech
on
English
study
next
week.
A.are
B.is
C.was
D.will
be
23.Regular
exercise,along
with
proper
diets,_________our
health
in
the
long
term.
A.Benefit
B.are
benefited
C.benefits
D.is
benefited
24.—How
can
I
live
my
dreams
in
a
short
time?
—Be
practical.
Between
you
and
your
dreams
________
a
lot
of
hard
work.
A.stand
B.stands
C.is
standing
D.are
standing
25.Once
environment
damage
________,
it
takes
many
years
for
the
government
to
recover.
A.has
done
B.is
to
do
C.does
D.is
done
26.The
publication
of
Great
Expectations,
which
________
both
widely
reviewed
and
highly
praised,
strengthened
Dickens’
status
as
a
leading
novelist.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
27.If
nothing
______,
the
oceans
will
turn
into
fish
deserts.
A.is
done
B.has
done
C.will
be
done
D.does
1.(2020
?
全国卷3
改错)My
mom
is
really
concerning
with
the
health
of
everyone
in
our
families.
2.(2020
?
全国卷3
改错)
My
dad
don’t
like
the
soup
and
I
don’t
enjoy
apples.
3.(2020·天津高考真题)A
survey
carried
out
last
year
showed
that
80%
of
the
middle-aged
in
this
city
____________
in
favour
of
the
proposal
on
health
care
reform.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
4.(2019·天津高考真题)People
believe
writing
poems
provides
a
through
which
they
can
express
their
feelings.
A.shelter
B.source
C.channel
D.background
5.(2018·江苏省高考真题)Try
to
understand
what’s
actually
happening
instead
of
acting
on
the
_______
you’ve
made.
A.assignment
B.Association
C.acquisition
D.assumption
6.(2018·天津高考真题)Can
we
stop
the
______
of
the
world’s
deserts
and
save
the
land
that
man
depends
so
much
on?
A.loss
B.heat
C.spread
D.defence
7.(2016·浙江省高考真题)It
is
important
to
pay
your
electricity
bill
on
time,
as
late
payments
may
affect
your
________.
A.condition
B.income
C.credit
D.status
8.(2016·天津高考真题)The
weather
forecast
says
it
will
be
cloudy
with
a
slight
_____
of
rain
later
tonight.
A.effect
B.sense
C.change
D.chance
9.(2019·天津高考真题)We
can
observe
that
artificial
intelligence
has
already
made
a(n)
________
on
our
lives
in
many
ways.
A.statement
B.impact
C.impression
D.judgment
10.(2016·江苏省高考真题)
—
Can
you
tell
us
your
for
happiness
and
a
long
life?
—
Living
every
day
to
the
full,
definitely.
A.recipe
B.record
C.range
D.receipt
11.(2019·江苏省高考真题)Nowadays
the
________
for
travelling
is
shifted
from
shopping
to
food
and
scenery.
A.priority
B.potential
C.proportion
D.pension
12.(2015·湖北省高考真题)When
he
was
running
after
his
brother,
the
boy
lost
his
___
and
had
a
bad
fall.
A.balance
B.chance
C.memory
D.place
13.(2018·天津高考真题)The__________
that
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe
has
always
inspired
scientists
to
explore
the
outer
space.
A.advice
B.order
C.possibility
D.invitation
14.(2015·江苏省高考真题)—Go
and
say
sorry
to
your
Mom,
Dave.
—I’d
like
to,
but
I’m
afraid
she
won’t
be
happy
with
my
______
.
A.requests
B.excuses
C.apologies
D.regrets
1.(2020·黑龙江省大庆实验中学高一月考)The
parcel
was
sent
to
the
wrong
______.
A.destination
B.solution
C.congestion
D.registration
2.(2020·天津耀华中学高一月考)We
were
walking
on
the
fine,
soft
sand,
which
kept
the
______
of
the
waves.
A.impression
B.exploration
C.expression
D.inspiration
3.(2020·天津耀华中学高一月考)Olympic
athletes
bring
joy
to
people
across
the
world
with
their____________
to
push
the
boundaries
of
human
achievement.
A.intelligence
B.influences
C.impression
D.attempts
4.(2020·江苏省高三三模)This
article
gives
us
a
real
_____
into
the
causes
of
the
present
crisis
in
the
world.
A.enquiry
B.admission
C.insight
D.division
5.(2020·江苏省扬州中学高三月考)This
newspaper
has
a
daily
______
of
more
than
one
million
in
this
city
and
if
s
common
to
see
passengers
read
a
copy
in
the
subway.
A.circulation
B.association
C.contribution
D.accumulation
6.(2020·江苏省扬州中学高三月考)while
digital
technology
represents
a
______
for
bridging
geographic
distance
,
highly
skilled
workers
are
increasingly
crowding
into
cities.
A.canal
B.channel
C.course
D.communication
7.(2020·江苏省镇江中学高一期中)With
the
_______
of
the
mid-term
examinations,
the
majority
of
the
students
are
becoming
more
and
more
nervous.
A.approach
B.access
C.attachment
D.appearance
8.(2020·黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学校高二期中)Teachers
have
to
constantly
update
their
knowledge
in
order
to
maintain
their
professional
________.
A.consequence
B.independence
C.competence
D.intelligence
9.(2020·黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学校高二期中)The
_____
of
the
trees
in
the
water
was
very
clear.
A.mirror
B.sight
C.reflection
D.shadow
10.(2020·上海交大附中高一期中)Letting
virtual
assistants,
such
as
Amazon's
Alexa,
take
care
of
your
home
is
a(n)
_________
for
disaster
to
some,
because
AI-infused
systems
may
demonstrate
unpredictable
behaviors
that
can
be
disruptive,
confusing,
offensive,
and
even
dangerous.
A.topic
B.shortcut
C.cure
D.recipe
11.(2020·上海交大附中高一期中)The
literature
masterpiece
Macbeth
by
Shakespeare
will
be
better
understood
if
readers
look
at
the
tragedy
in
the
historical
_________
of
the
Elizabethan
and
Jacobean
periods,
an
era
of
relative
stability.
A.content
B.contest
C.context
D.contact
12.(2020·上海交大附中高一期中)President
Donald
Trump's
first
state
dinner
excluded
Democratic
members
of
Congress
and
the
media,
which
was
criticized
by
many
as
a(n)
_________
from
tradition.
A.departure
B.benefit
C.escape
D.lesson
13.(2020·上海复旦附中高一月考)The
winners
of
China’s
Got
Talent
are
planning
to
a
talent-show
around
the
world
next
month.
A.carry
on…
voyage
B.carry
out…
tour
C.complete…
trip
D.fulfill…
journey
14.(2020·上海复旦附中高一月考)The
captain
and
were
accused
of
abandoning
passengers
in
South
Korea
ferry
disaster.
A.members
B.crew
C.partners
D.team
15.(2020·上海复旦附中高一月考)Marathon
is
intended
to
put
the
athletes
to
a
challenging
test
of
and
willpower.
A.insistence
B.endurance
C.preservation
D.bravery
16.(2020·江苏省高三三模)Promoting
the
______of
energy
and
carbon
footprint
reduction
is
an
essential
part
of
building
an
ecological
civilization.
A.consumption
B.conservation
C.constitution
D.construction
17.(2020·天津耀华中学高一月考)More
than
one
generation
of
schoolchildren
by
the
scientist’s
bravery
and
his
scientific
approach
to
looking
for
the
truth
in
the
past
century.
A.have
been
amazed
B.has
been
amazed
C.were
amazed
D.was
amazed
18.(2020·江苏省镇江中学高一期中)Please
bear
in
mind
that
nobody
but
doctors
or
nurses____
to
enter
the
patient's
room.
A.allow
B.allows
C.is
allowed
D.are
allowed
19.(2020·上海交大附中高一期中)Although
there
is
more
female
participation
in
IT
workforce,______
a
significant
imbalance
of
male
and
female
senior
positions.
A.it
remains
B.there
remains
C.there
remaining
D.that
remains
20.(2020·四川省南充高级中学高一期中)Since
then
the
number
of
people
taking
driving
Lessons
20%.
A.has
increased
to
B.have
increased
to
C.has
increased
by
D.have
increased
by
21.(2020·黑龙江省牡丹江一中高一月考)The
writer
and
poet________
to
give
us
a
speech
on
English
study
next
week.
A.are
B.is
C.was
D.will
be
22.(2020·天津南开中学高三月考)Regular
exercise,along
with
proper
diets,_________our
health
in
the
long
term.
A.Benefit
B.are
benefited
C.benefits
D.is
benefited
考点练
1.C
【解析】考查词组。句意:为了救船上的人,不得不丢弃大量行李。A.
A
good
many
许多(修饰可数名词复数);B.
A
large
number
of
大量的(修饰可数名词复数);C.
A
great
deal
of
大量的(修饰不可数名词);D.
A
great
many
of……中的许多(修饰可数名词复数)。此处luggage是不可数名词。故选C。
2.B
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:警察问过路人是否看到了事故的发生。根据语法可知,
“可数名词+介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时,把前面的名词变复数,故选B。
3.D
【解析考查名词的单复数。句意:这部小说中有几个人物性格不同。character意为“特性,人物角色”,是可数名词;character意为“性格,品质”,是不可数名词;根据several可知此处要用名词的复数形式,意为“人物角色”,再根据句意,different
in可知表示在什么方面不同,用单数形式意为“性格”。故选D项。
4.A
【解析】考查名词用法和定语从句关系词。句意:——她出版了第一部科幻小说。结果很成功。——什么时候?——那是2008年她还在上大学的时候。success作为成功的人或事,为可数名词,因此第一个空应填a
success,表示“一件成功的事情”;后一个空格处是when引导的定语从句。最后一句话不是强调句型。假如是强调句型,应该是“It
was
in
2009
when
she
was
still
in
college
that
she
got
her
first
science
fiction
published.”故选A项。
【点睛】
对于名词要搞清楚可数不可数名词,要放在具体的语境看它的用法。此题第一个空是作为可数名词“一件成功的事情”,故选择a
success。
5.D
【解析】考查名词的复数形式。句意:我会把玩具排在这个窗台上来玩。根据句意(将玩具排在窗台上)及选项可知,这里应使用名词的复数形式。可数名词变复数时有很多原则,一般直接加s,遇到以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i
再加es。但是toy是以元音字母+y结尾的,不是以辅音字母+y结尾的,所以不属于特殊的变化规则的范围。那么toy的复数形式就应该直接加s。故选D。
【点睛】
可数名词变复数有很多规则,最常见的有九条:1.
一般直接+s;2.
以s,
x,
sh,
ch
等结尾的词在词尾+es;3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i
再+es;4.
以o
结尾的词变复数的规则(有生命的+es,
没生命的+s);5.
以f
或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再+es;6.
不规则变化(man-men
;
mouse-mice…);7.
由两个名词组成的复合名词常在最后一个名词变复数。但如果第一个名词是man或woman时,两个名词都要变复数;8.
表示“某国人”的名词单复数变化请记口诀:中日瑞不变,英法变,其他s加后面;9.常用的单复数同形的名词请记口诀:Chinese
and
Japanese
喜欢吃
fish,
deer
and
sheep。同学们需要将这九条规则记心间。例如本题中考察的toy的复数形式,使用的就是第一条与第三条,同学们要按照规则判断它是不是属于特殊变化的范围。
6.C
【解析】考查名词的数和非谓语动词。句意:用手指着别人说话是不礼貌的。第一个空考查manner当"礼貌"讲时必须用复数形式,短语bad
manners“不礼貌;坏习惯”;第二个空考查"with+宾语+宾语补足语",your
finger与point
at是主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作宾补,第二空应填pointing。故选C。
【点睛】
With复合结构的构成
它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二
部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下:
1.
with或without-名词/代词+形容词
2.
with或without-名词/代词+副词
3.
with或without-名词/代词+介词短语
4.
with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式
5.
with或without-名词/代词+分词
本题中第二个空考查"with+宾语+宾语补足语",your
finger与point
at是主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作宾补,第二空应填pointing。
7.A
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:迈克和约翰的父亲是一名教师。问题的关键是:father是不是Mike
and
John共有的。请记住:由and连接的两个或多个名词共同拥有某物(人)时,只将最后一个名词变为-'s所有格形式:my
father
and
mother's
friends我父母的朋友,Tom
and
Henry's
room
汤姆和亨利的房间(两人共用一个房间);表示各自拥有某件东西时,则每个名词都要用所有格形式,被修饰名词用复数。Tom's
and
Henry's
rooms汤姆的房间和亨利的房间(两人各有自己的房间,共两个房间)。故选A。
8.C
【解析】试题分析:考查名词结构。句意:打扰一下,超市离这很远吗?不,大约七分钟的路。本题是用时间来表示路程,要用名词所有格,7
minutes’walk为正确的表达格式,故选C。
考点
:
考查名词结构
9.C
10.C
【解析】本题考查名词所有格。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。汤姆的,用Tom’s。句意:女孩们的鞋都是泥,因此在她们进汤姆汽车之前,我让她们把鞋脱掉。
11.A
【解析】考查名词的格。句意:——这是谁的雨伞?——这是别人的雨伞。不定代词后接else时,所有格放在else上,故选A。
12.D
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:这个村子确实离这儿很远。步行要四个小时。’s属格除了用在表示有生命的东西(人或物)的名词后,有时还用于某些无生命的名词(如表示时间的名词)后,一般是在名词词尾加’s,如果该名词词尾已有-s或-es,则是在其后加“‘”。故选D。
13.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个包裹被送错了地方。A.
destination目的地;B.
solution解决办法;C.
congestion拥堵,充血;D.
registration登记,注册。根据“The
parcel
was
sent
to”可知,包括应是被送往“目的地”,A项符合题意。故选A项。
14.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们走在细软的沙滩上,上面留下了海浪的痕迹。A.
impression
印痕、痕迹;B.
exploration探索;C.
expression表达;D.
inspiration灵感。由沙滩和海浪可知,波浪经过沙滩,会留下痕迹。故选A项。
15.C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这篇文章使我们对当前世界危机的原因有了真正的了解。A.
enquiry询问;B.
admission承认;C.
insight了解;D.
division分开。分析句意可知,这篇文章使我们了解了世界危机的原因。故选C项。
16.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这份报纸在这个城市的日发行量超过一百万份,在地铁里看到乘客看报纸是很平常的事。A.
circulation流通,发行量;B.
association协会;C.
contribution贡献;D.
accumulation累积。结合后文of
more
than
one
million
in
this
city可知指的是“这份报纸在这个城市的日发行量超过一百万份”,故选A。
17.B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:现在大多数学校更喜欢采用连续评估,因为这样能更公平地反映学生一年来的表现。A.
arrangement
安排;B.
assessment
评估;C.
argument争论;
争辨;D.
approach方法。根据后面的“这样能更公平地反映学生一年来的表现”,可知,此处应是对学生进行连续的评估(assessment),故选B。
18.C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:现代语言的研究对促进文化意识的发展有独特的贡献。A.
influence影响;B.
connection连接;C.
contribution贡献;D.
devotion
奉献。have
a
contribution
to
…,对……有贡献,这里指现代语言的研究对文化意识的发展有贡献,故选C。
19.B
【解析】考查宾语。句意:这位年轻的艺术家一直未能弄清这件雕塑以及它的创作者。将这个句子调整成正常语序The
young
artist
has
never
been
able
to
find
out
the
sculpture,
and
the
person
who
produced
it.,由此可知,B项正确。
20.B
【解析】考查名词和固定短语。句意:中国是一个多种族的国家,在中国,各民族团体将他们独有的味道带到国家的各个角落,增添了人们餐桌的多样性。分析句子可知,各族人民不同的口味增加了人们餐桌的多样性,A、B选项中的add......
to意为“把......加到......”,great
variety没有特指,所以不加the。故选B项。
21.A
【解析】考查时态和名词。句意:自从1949年以来,人民的生活水平提高了,导致了人口的大幅增长。根据句子中的Since
1949可知,此处应用现在完成时,raise是及物动词有被动,故C、D项错误;rise为不及物动词无被动,故B项错误,根据句子可知,raise与people’s
living
standard之间是被动关系,故填has
been
raised;第二空由a
big可知,用名词,rise当名词讲意为“增长;上升”。故选A。
22.B
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这位作家兼诗人下周将给我们做一个关于英语学习的演讲。The
writer
and
poet指的是一个人,谓语动词用单数,be
to
do表示“将要做”,时间状语“next
week”表明从现在的角度来看事情还未发生,该句应该使用一般现在时。故B项正确。
23.C
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:规律运动配合适当的饮食,从长远来看对我们的健康有益。在主谓一致中,along
with采取就远原则,即谓语动词的单复数取决于regular
exercise,故谓语用第三人称单数,主语与动词之间为主动关系。故选C。
24.B
【解析】试题分析:句意:—我怎么能在短时间内实现我的梦想?
—
实际一些。你和你的梦想之间还有大量艰苦工作。Between
you
and
your
dreams是介词短语,位于句首,句子用倒装形式,work是不可数名词,用单三形式说明现在的情况,故选B。
考点:考查倒装句的用法。
25.D
【解析】考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意:一旦环境遭到破坏,政府需要很多年才能恢复。主句takes是一般现在时,结合句意从句也适应现在时,条件状语从句的主语是damage,不可数名词,单数第三人称,和谓语动词do之间是一种被动关系,所以once引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时态的被动语态,故选D。
26.C
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:《远大前程》的出版,得到了广泛的好评和高度赞扬,加强了狄更斯作为一名主要小说家的地位。先行词The
publication
of
Great
Expectations在定语从句中作主语,是单数概念,根据主谓一致的原则,所以谓语动词用单数,再根据主句谓语动词reviewed是一般过去时可知,应选C项。
27.A
【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:如果不采取措施,海洋将变成鱼类沙漠。从句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且主句为一般将来时,则条件状语从句中需用一般现在时表将来时,且主语为nothing,谓语动词应用第三人称单数is。故选A。
【点睛】
if引导的条件状语从句中需用一般现在时的情况归纳:
在if的条件状语从句中,主句为下列情形之一时,if条件状语要用一般现在时。
1.主句是一般将来时(主将从现)
例如:If
he
comes,
he
will
tell
me
all.如果他来了,他会告诉我所有(的事情)。
2.主句是含有情态动词may/might/can/must/should等句子。
例如:If
you
want
to
lose
weight,
you
must
eat
less
bread.如果你想减肥,你必须少吃面包。
3.主句是祈使句
例如:If
you
are
not
strong
enough,
please
don't
take
part
in
such
an
activity.如果你不够强壮,请不要参加这种活动。
拓展练
1.
考查名词单复数。句意同上。family当“家庭”讲时,是集合名词,这里表示“我们一个家庭”,所以用单数,families改成family。
2.考查主谓一致。句意:我爸爸不喜欢汤,我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情,用一般现在时。主语my
dad是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,所以don’t改成doesn’t。
3.D
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:去年进行的一项调查显示,该市80%的中年人赞成医疗改革的建议。通过分析句子结构并翻译语境可知,主句时态为一般过去时,根据时态一致性可知从句中时态也为一般过去时,且从句中主语80%
of
the
middle-aged是复数,按照主谓一致原则,因此使用be动词were。故选D项。
4.C
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:人们认为写诗是他们表达感情的一个渠道。A.
shelter遮蔽物;B.
source来源;C.
channel通道;D.
background背景。故C选项正确。
5.D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:试着去理解实际发生的事情,而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A.
assignment分配;B.
association协会,社团;C.
acquisition获得物;D.
assumption假设。故选D。
点睛:本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually
happening(实际发生)和instead
of(而不是)可推知,与actually
happening相反是“假设”,从而选出正确答案。
6.C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们能阻止世界上沙漠的蔓延,拯救人类如此依赖的土地吗?A.
loss丢失;B.
heat热量;C.
spread蔓延;D.
defence
防御。由“the
world’s
deserts
and
save
the
land”可知,spread“蔓延”符合句意。故选C项。
7.C
【解析】考查名词。句意:准时付电费很重要,因为付晚了会影响你的信用。condition条件;income收入;credit学分,信用(卡);status地位。根据It
is
important
to
pay
your
electricity
bill
on
time?可知,付晚了会影响你的信用。故选C。
【点睛】
名词最常考的命题形式是名词词义辨析,对于同义词辨析,我们平时一定要注意积累。由做题经验可知,同义词辨析大多是在具体语境中,由关键固定短语来判断的。真正的词义辨析题很少。常考的辨析名词词义的有:
custom风俗习惯,habit个人习惯,tradition传统;scene场景,scenery自然风景(总称),view特定位置的景观,sight人文或历史景观;skill技能,ability能力;talent才华,strength优势,长处,等等。本题中的credit属于一词多义,单选题中有时也会考查熟词生义。
8.D
【解析】试题分析:句意:天气预报说今天今天会是多云,后半夜可能有雨。A.影响;B.感觉;C.改变;D.机会,可能性。故选D。
考点:考查名词辨析。
9.B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了影响。A.
statement陈述说明;B.
impact影响,效果;C.
impression印象;D.
judgment判断。故选B符合语境。
10.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:——你能告诉我们你幸福长寿的秘诀吗?——当然是充实地过好每一天。recipe秘诀,食谱,药方;record记录;range范围;receipt收据,收条。这里指幸福长寿的秘诀。故选A。
11.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:当今,旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A.
priority优先;优先权;B.
potential潜在的,可能的;C.
proportion比例,占比;D.
pension退休金,抚恤金。故选A符合语境。
12.A
【解析】名词词义辨析。句意:男孩在追他哥哥时,失去了平衡,重重地摔了一跤。A项“平衡”;B项“机会”;C项“记忆”;D项“地方”。lose
one’s
balance“失去平衡”。故选A项。
【点睛】
本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose搭配。考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had
a
bad
fall(重重地摔了一跤)”,不禁会产生疑问:怎么会摔了一跤呢?然后根据搭配lose
one’s
balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案。
13.C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A.
advice建议;B.
order命令;C.
possibility可能性;D.
invitation邀请。故选C。
点睛:本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句,从句that
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断,宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性,目前无法证明,从而选出正确答案。
14.C
【解析】名词词义辨析。句意:——Dave,去跟你的妈妈道歉。——我想这样做,但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A项“请求”;B项“借口”;C项“道歉”;D项“遗憾,后悔”。这里指担心自己的道歉让妈妈不满意。故选C项。
模拟练
1.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个包裹被送错了地方。A.
destination目的地;B.
solution解决办法;C.
congestion拥堵,充血;D.
registration登记,注册。根据“The
parcel
was
sent
to”可知,包括应是被送往“目的地”,A项符合题意。故选A项。
2.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们走在细软的沙滩上,上面留下了海浪的痕迹。A.
impression
印痕、痕迹;B.
exploration探索;C.
expression表达;D.
inspiration灵感。由沙滩和海浪可知,波浪经过沙滩,会留下痕迹。故选A项。
3.D
【解析】考查名词。句意:奥运健儿们努力突破人类成就的极限,为全世界人民带来了欢乐。A.
intelligence智力,理解力;B.
influences
影响;C.
impression印象,效果;D.
attempts企图,试图。结合句意可知D项符合语境。
4.C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这篇文章使我们对当前世界危机的原因有了真正的了解。A.
enquiry询问;B.
admission承认;C.
insight了解;D.
division分开。分析句意可知,这篇文章使我们了解了世界危机的原因。故选C项。
5.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这份报纸在这个城市的日发行量超过一百万份,在地铁里看到乘客看报纸是很平常的事。A.
circulation流通,发行量;B.
association协会;C.
contribution贡献;D.
accumulation累积。结合后文of
more
than
one
million
in
this
city可知指的是“这份报纸在这个城市的日发行量超过一百万份”,故选A。
6.B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:虽然数字技术代表了跨越地理距离的渠道,但高技能工人正日益涌入城市。A.
canal运河;B.
channel渠道;C.
course课程;D.
communication交流。结合后文可知表示“数字技术代表了跨越地理距离的渠道”,故选B。
7.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:随着期中考试的临近,大多数学生变得越来越紧张。A.
approach接近;B.
access通道;C.
attachment连接物,附属;D.
appearance外貌,外观。根据“the
majority
of
the
students
are
becoming
more
and
more
nervous”可知,此处是指随着期中考试的“临近”,故选A项。
【点睛】
名词词义辨析题注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语的能力。由于英语词汇丰富,且用法多变,考生掌握起来有较大难度,因此在平时应注意词汇的积累,理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配,再联系句子所表述的意义和语境,选出正确的答案。如本题中由语境“the
majority
of
the
students
are
becoming
more
and
more
nervous”可以推出,空处应选“接近,临近”的意思。
8.C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:老师们要不断地更新自己的知识以保持他们能够胜任工作的能力。A.
consequence
结果;
B.
independence独立;
C.
competence
资格,能力,胜任,称职
;D.
intelligence
智力。根据句意,C项符合此处语境。故选C。
9.C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:树木在水中的倒影非常清晰。A.mirror镜子;B.sight
视野;C.reflection倒影;D.shadow影子。根据in
the
water
was
very
clear可知,指水中的倒影。故选C项。
10.D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:让虚拟助手(比如亚马逊的Alexa)照顾你的家,对某些人来说无异于一场灾难,因为人工智能系统可能会表现出不可预测的行为,这些行为可能具有破坏性、混乱性、攻击性,甚至是危险的。A.
topic话题;B.shortcut捷径;C.
cure治愈;D.
recipe配方。分析句子可知,显然让虚拟助手掌握实权带来的是不好的结果,也就是导致了灾难的发生,a
recipe
for
disaster“后患无穷”。故选D项。
11.C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:读者们如果关注伊丽莎白一世和詹姆斯一世那段相对稳定的时代的历史背景下的悲剧,就能更好地理解莎士比亚的文学著作《麦克白》。A.
content内容;B.
contest比赛;C.
context环境,上下文;D.
contact联系。这里联系the
Elizabethan
and
Jacobean
periods,要用historical
context表示“历史背景”。故选C项。
12.A
【解析】考查名词。句意:唐纳德·特朗普总统的第一次国宴排除了国会民主党议员和媒体,许多人批评这是对传统的背离。A.
departure背离,违反;B.
benefit益处;C.
escape逃跑,逃避;D.
lesson课,教训。分析句子可知,此处表示的意思是“国宴排除了国会民主党议员和媒体是对传统的背离”,故选A。
13.B
【解析】考查名词及动词(短语)辨析。句意:中国达人奖得主计划下个月在世界各地进行才艺展示之旅。A.
carry
on进行,voyage航行;B.
carry
out进行,tour游览;
C.
complete完成,trip
旅行;D.
fulfill实现,
journey旅程。此题考查词语搭配的使用。tour
指最后返回出发地,旅途中有停留在游览点,距离可长可短,目的各异的周游或巡行。结合句意的需要,B项(carry
out
a
tour:巡回演出)合乎语意。故选B。
【点睛】
journey:最普通用词,侧重指时间较长、距离较远的单程陆上旅行,也指水上或空中的旅行。tour:指最后返回出发地,旅途中有停留在游览点,距离可长可短,目的各异的周游或巡行。trip:普通用词,口语多用,常指为公务或游玩作的较短暂回的旅行。voyage:指在水上旅行,尤指海上旅行,也可指空中旅行。结合句意的需要,中国达人奖得主计划下个月在世界各地进行才艺展示之旅,这符合tour的词义,因此B项(carry
out
a
tour:巡回演出)合乎语意。故选B。
14.B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:机长和船员被指控在韩国轮渡灾难中遗弃乘客。A.
members成员;B.
crew船员;C.
partners伙伴;D.
team团队。船只发生事故,因此受到指控抛弃乘客的是船长和船员。故选B。
15.B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:马拉松旨在使运动员经受耐力和意志力的挑战性考验。A.
insistence
坚持;
B.
endurance耐力;C.
preservation保存,保护,维护;D.
bravery勇敢。由and可知,此处应使用与willpower(意志力)词义相近的词语endurance。故选B。
16.B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:提升能源保护和减少碳足迹是建设生态文明的重要组成部分。A.
consumption消费;B.
conservation保护;避免浪费;C.
constitution建立;组成;D.
construction建筑;建造。根据下文的building
an
ecological
civilization可知,能源保护是生态文化的一部分,故选B。
17.B
【解析】考查主谓一致及被动语态。句意:在过去的一个世纪里,不止一代的学生被这位科学家的勇敢和他寻找真理的科学方法所震惊。分析句子,简单句中含有现在完成时的时间状语“in
the
past
century”且备选动词和逻辑主语之间表示被动,所以此处应用现在完成时的被动。故排除C和D。“more
than
one+单数名词”作主语,谓语用单数。故选B项。
18.C
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:请记住,只有医生和护士才能进入病人的房间。分析句子可知,本句的主语是nobody为不定代词,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数,且allow与主语之间是被动关系,故填is
allowed。故选C。
19.B
【解析】考查存在句的其他句型和时态、主谓一致。句意:虽然有更多的女性参与到IT工作中,但男性和女性高级职位仍然存在严重的不平衡。结合句意表示“(某处)仍然存在有……”,句型为there
remain…表达客观事实用一般现在时,存在句主谓一致遵循就近一致原则,根据后文的a
significant
imbalance
of
male可知,remain用第三人称单数。故选B。
20.C
【解析】考查时态、主谓一致和固定短语。句意:从那时起,上驾驶课程的人数增加了20%。根据“
since
then”可知,本句为现在完成时,主语为the
number
of
people,谓语动词为单数形式。increase
to
“增加到”,increase
by“增加了”,再结合句意。故选C项。
21.B
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这位作家兼诗人下周将给我们做一个关于英语学习的演讲。The
writer
and
poet指的是一个人,谓语动词用单数,be
to
do表示“将要做”,时间状语“next
week”表明从现在的角度来看事情还未发生,该句应该使用一般现在时。故B项正确。
22.C
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:规律运动配合适当的饮食,从长远来看对我们的健康有益。在主谓一致中,along
with采取就远原则,即谓语动词的单复数取决于regular
exercise,故谓语用第三人称单数,主语与动词之间为主动关系。故选C。考点02
名词和主谓一致
名词是历年高考的重要考点,常常出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中。名词部分主要考查:
①
名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配
②名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)
③名词的所有格
④抽象名词的具体化
⑤名词和冠词的搭配
名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一,也是历年高考的重要考点。研究近年的高考题我们不难看出,名词部分主要考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在学习过程中,要掌握常用名词的基本用法,注意一词多义和旧词新义。另外要多归纳总结,做题时要结合语境。
名词的数
可数名词的数
1.
可数名词的数(不规则变化)
(1)单、复数同形。如:means,
aircraft,
deer,
fish,
Chinese,
Japanese,
sheep。
(2)
合成名词的复数。如:boyfriend→boyfriends,
go-between→go-betweens(中间人),
grown-up→grown-ups,
passer-by→passers-by,
looker-on→lookers-on,
woman
doctor→women
doctors。
(3)只有复数形式的名词。此类名词往往以复数形式出现,表示“衣服”、“工具”等的总称,不能用具体的数字修饰,也不能加不定冠词a/an,但可以用a
pair
of/two
pairs
of,
many等修饰。
如:clothes,
tights,
jeans,
pajamas,
pants,
shorts,
socks,
stockings,
trousers,
glasses,
chopsticks,
compasses,
pincers,
scissors,
scales等;
另外一类总是以复数形式出现,但不能用具体的数字修饰,也不能用a/an,a
pair
of等修饰,只能用many,
a
great
many,
a
lot
of等修饰。如:belongings,
congratulations,
contents,
earnings,
fireworks,
goods,
leavings,
pains,
spirits,
savings,
stairs,
surroundings,
wages,
arms等。
(4)集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people,
cattle,
police;有些名词只用作单数,如:machinery,
furniture,
mankind,
jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看作整体,复数看作集体的各个成员。如:The
crew
is
large.船员人数很多(指整体)。The
crew
are
all
tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。
【典例】
1.【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
that/which
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
67
(cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明,仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
2.【2018·浙江卷】Few
people
I
know
seem
to
have
much
desire
or
time
to
cook.
Making
Chinese
56
(dish)
is
seen
as
especially
troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜,表示泛指应该用名词复数,故填dishes。
不可数名词的数
(1)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词,但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时,可用作可数名词且词义发生变化,主要类型如下:
①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如:a
surprise一件令人惊讶的事;a
success一个(件)成功的人(事);
an
honour一个(件)引起尊敬的人(事);a
failure一个(件)失败的人(事);an
experience一次经历;a
pleasure一件乐事
②抽象名词与a(n)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如:A
knowledge
of
English
is
a
must
in
international
trade.;Would
you
like
to
have
a
walk
(swim,bath,talk)
with
me?;It
is
a
waste
of
time
reading
such
a
novel.;She
made
an
apology
to
her
mother
for
her
wrong
doings.
(2)有些物质名词是不可数名词,但表示数量或种类时,可以用作可数名词。如:a
coffee一杯咖啡,three
coffees三杯咖啡;a
drink一杯饮料,three
drinks三杯饮料;a
few
grey
hairs几根白发;a
glass一只玻璃杯。
【典例】
1.【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014
that/which
showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
a
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
67
(cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明,仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
2.
【2018·浙江卷
】Few
people
I
know
seem
to
have
much
desire
or
time
to
cook.
Making
Chinese
56
(dish)
is
seen
as
especially
troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜,表示泛指应该用名词复数,故填dishes。
名词所有格
名词所有格
(1)-’s所有格
the
boy’s
mother;the
children’s
toys;the
teachers’
books;Lucy
and
Lily’
s
bedroom(共用的);Lucy’s
and
Lily’s
bedrooms(各自的)
(2)“of+名词”所有格
the
roof
of
the
house;the
cover
of
the
book;the
name
of
the
girl;a
picture
of
my
father
(3)双重所有格
a
friend
of
my
brother’s
(=one
of
my
brother’s
friends);a
picture
of
my
father’s(=one
of
my
father’s
pictures)
(4)’s所有格的特殊表示形式有:
①用于表示人的名词或表集体、机构的名词后,如:Tom’s
home,the
doctor’s,the
company’s
new
factory等。
②用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后,如:today’s
newspaper,five
minutes’
walk(drive),five
pounds’
weight,ten
dollars’
worth
of
coffee。
③用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后,如:the
world’s
population,China’s
industry,New
York’s
parks。
(5)所有格的句法功能
①表所有关系:
Jack’s
brother
②表主谓关系:
Mr
Wang’s
praise
③表动宾关系:
the
famous
star’s
admirers
④表修饰关系:
a
doctor’s
degree
⑤表同位关系(只用of所有格):the
city
of
Beijing
【典例】
1.
Once
I
broke
a
(neighbor)
window.
Seeing
nobody
around,
I
ran
away
immediately.
【答案】neighbor’s
There
is
a
nice
picture
in
the
little ????bedroom.
She
likes
it
very
much.
2.
A.
girl
B.
girls
C.
girl’s
D.
girls’
【答案】C
3.
This
is
reading-room.
A.
the
teacher’s
B.
teacher’s
C.
teacher’
D.
the
teachers’
【答案】D
4.The
newly-built
library
is
a
building.
A.
five
storey
B.
five
storeys
C.
five-storey’s
D.
five
storeys’
【答案】D
名词的功能及词义辨析
名词的功能
(1)可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语
Mary
is
to
meet
you
at
the
airport.
(2)作定语
英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词,这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。
①分类意义
air
pollution空气污染;coffee
cup咖啡杯;body
language身体语言;road
accident交通事故;
the
Nobel
Prize诺贝尔奖
②时间、地点、称呼等
Doctor
Jack杰克医生;Professor
Li李教授;evening
school夜校;winter
sleep冬眠
③表目的、来源、材料、所属意义
reception
desk接待台;sports
field田径场;stone
table石桌;color
TV彩电
(3)作状语
名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。
The
war
lasted
eight
years.
(4)作同位语
Tom,
our
monitor,
left
school
last
year.
名词的词义辨析
主要考察单词基本义的引申和拓展、易错的名词固定搭配以及对同义词、近义词的考查等,是高考中名词考点的重要部分。要解决名词词义辨析,需注意平时积累。
【典例】
1.(2020·江苏省高考真题)The
health
security
systems
of
many
countries
are
undergoing
considerable
______.
A.reservation
B.transformation
C.distinction
D.Submission
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A.
reservation预订;B.
transformation改革,变革;C.
distinction区别;D.
submission提交。根据前文The
health
security
systems可知,此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
2.(2020·天津高考真题)His
vivid
descriptions
of
country
life
quickly
became
popular,
which
established
his
_____________as
one
of
America's
greatest
writers.
A.trust
B.contact
C.reputation
D.Theory
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他对乡村生活的生动描述迅速流行起来,这树立了他作为美国伟大作家之一的声誉。A.
trust信任;B.
contact联系;C.
reputation声誉;D.
theory理论。根据句意,尤其是greatest
writers可知此处用reputation“声誉”符合语境,故选C项。
3.
【2019·江苏卷
】26.Nowadays
the
___________
for
travelling
is
shifted
from
shopping
to
food
and
scenery.
A.
priority
B.
potential
C.
proportion
D.
pension
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:当今,旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A.
priority优先;优先权;B.
potential潜在的,可能的;C.
proportion比例,占比;D.
pension退休金,抚恤金。故选A。
4.
【2018·江苏】Try?to?understand?what’s?actually
happening
instead
of
acting
on
the
_______
you’ve
made.
A.
assignment
B.
association
C.
acquisition
D.
assumption
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词,词义辨析及语境理解。
句意:试着去理解实际发生的事情,而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A.
assignment
分配;
B.
association
交往;
C.
acquisition
获得;D.
assumption
假设。故选D。
5.
.【2019·天津卷
】7.We
can
observe
that
artificial
intelligence
has
already
made
a(n)
___________on
our
lives
in
many
ways.
A.
statement
B.
impact
C.
impression
D.
judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。
statement“陈述说明”;
impact“强烈的影响,冲击力”;
impression“印象,感想”;
judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。
6.【2018·天津】6.
The__________
that
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe
has
always
inspired
scientists
to
explore
the
outer
space.
A.
advice
B.
order
C.
possibility
D.
invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A.
advice建议;B.
order命令;C.
possibility可能性;D.
invitation邀请。故选C。
7.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This
switch
has
decreased
?????
(pollute)
in
the
country’s
major
lakes
and
reservoirs
and
made
drinking
water
safer
for
people.
【答案】pollution
解析:
作动词decrease
的宾语,用名词形式。
主谓一致
主谓一致的三个原则
一.语法一致原则,即主语语法形式上的单复数形式与谓语的单复数形式要一致。
1.单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句做主语时,谓语动词一般采用单数形式。
注意:一个主语从句做主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词用复数形式。
2.当主语是and,
both…and
连接的并列结构时,如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物,谓语动词用复数。
注意:两个单数名词用and连接,表示同一人,同一物、同一概念,或不可分割的整体时,谓语动词仍用单数。这时and
后面的名词没有冠词。
3.由
and
连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each、every
、no、many
a修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
Every
man
and
every
woman
has
a
good
reason
to
be
proud
of
the
work
done
by
their
fathers.
每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。
Each
boy
and
each
girl
has
an
apple.每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。
Many
a
teacher
and
many
a
student
has
seen
the
film.许多老师和学生都看过这部电影。
注意:each作主语或其修饰的名词作主语:
each作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Each
student
has
an
MP3,
which
gives
them
more
ways
to
enjoy
their
spare
time.
每个学生都有一个MP3,这给他们在课余时间享受生活提供了更多的方式。
Each
of
the
class
has
been
given
a
bike.
这个班里的每一个学生都得到了一辆自行车。
注意:each位于复数主语后或句尾,不影响谓语动词的数。
They
each
have
built
a
happy
family.
(=They
have
built
a
happy
family
each.)
他们每个人都组建了幸福的家庭。
4某些不定代词,如
either,
neither,
each,
one,
the
other,
another,
anybody,
anyone,
anything,
somebody,
someone,
something,
everybody,
everyone,
everything,
nobody,
no
one,
nothing
等做主语,谓语动词用单数。
Each
of
the
students
has
a
book.每个学生都有一本书。
5主语是由“many
a
+名词”或“more
than
one+名词”构成,其意义虽属多数,但是随后的谓语动词仍然用单数。
Many
a
student
is
here.很多学生在这里。
More
than
one
student
goes
to
the
park.很多学生去了公园。
注意:“many+复数名词+than
one”结构之后,
谓语动词一般多用复数形式。
More
employees
than
one
are
against
your
suggestion.
反对你的提议的雇员不止一个。
二.
意义一致原则,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
1.时间、距离、金钱、重量等复数名词做主语时,其谓语动词用单数。
时间:Three
weeks
is
a
long
time
to
wait
for
an
answer.
距离:One
hundred
kilometers
is
not
a
long
distance.
金钱:20,000
dollars
is
not
a
small
sum
of
money.
重量:Two
hundred
tons
of
water
was
used
in
that
factory
last
month.
2.一个算式时,表示数目的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词用单数形式。
Twenty-five
plus
five
is
equal
to
thirty.
Forty-three
minus
twenty-five
makes
eighteen.
3.–s
结尾的学科名称,如:mathematics,
physics,
politics,
economics,mechanics,
athletics,
linguistics
等;
Mathematics
seems
to
be
difficult
to
me.
注意:专有名词,如国名、人名、书名、戏剧名、组织机构及形式复数意义单数的名词news和以-s结尾的疾病的名词,如measles,arthritis,
bronchitis,
rickets,
mumps等,他们形式上是复数,但意义上是单数。用作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
No
news
is
good
news.
The
Arabian
Nights
is
a
very
interesting
book.
The
United
States
is
a
powerful
country
in
the
world.
4.山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s
结尾的专有名词做主语,谓语动词用复数。
The
Olympic
Games
are
held
once
every
four
years.
5一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词做主语,谓语动词用复数。常用的这类词有:
a.
Goods(货物);arms(武器);
wages(工资);contents(内容);
remains(尸体);
fireworks(烟火);clothes(衣服);stairs(楼梯)等;
b.凡是由-ings
结尾的名词,如surroundings(环境);
savings(储蓄存款);clippings
(剪下来的东西),
diggings(挖出来的东西),earnings(收入),filings(銼屑),lodgings
(
租住的房间),sweepings
(扫拢的垃圾)等;
c.glasses;
shorts(短裤);
trousers;
shoes;
scissors(剪刀);
scales(天平);
gloves(手套);
compasses(圆规);
spectacles(眼镜).
但是若其前面有pair
等表示单位的名词时,那么谓语动词的单复数由这些表示单位的词的单复数决定。
One
pair
of
shoes
is
missing.。
Two
pairs
of
trousers
are
missing.
6单复数同形的名词作主语,应根据其意义来决定谓语动词的形式。常见的名词可分为一下几类:
某些动物名词:deer;
fish;
sheep;
grouse
(松鸡);
salmon(鲑);
bison(野牛);
swine(猪)等.
以-ese
或-ss
结尾的表示民族或国籍的名词:
Chinese;
Japanese;
Portuguese(葡萄牙人);
Swiss(瑞士人);
Vietnamese(越南人)等。
某些以-s
结尾的名词:
mans(方式,方法);
species
(种类);
series
(系列);
works
(工厂;著作);
crossroads(十字路口);
headquarters(司令部);
barracks
(营房);
crops
(部队);
links(高尔夫球场);等.
某些表示计量单位的名词:
Horsepower(马力);
hertz(赫兹);
kilohertz(千赫)
其它一些名词:
Aircraft;
craft(船;航空器;航天器);
dice(骰子);
offspring(子孙)等.
There
are
five
sheep
on
the
farm,
but
there
are
only
three
goats.
This
glass
works
(factory)
was
set
up
in
1990.
These
glass
works
are
near
the
railway
station.
Every
possible
means
has
been
tried
to
to
save
the
badly-hurt
worker.
All
possible
means
have
been
tried
to
to
save
the
badly-hurt
worker.
为了去拯救这个严重受伤的工人,我们已经尝试了所有可能的方法。
7
clothing,
furniture,
traffic,
jewellery,
baggage,
equipment,
luggage,等无生命的集体名词做主语,谓语动词用单数。
Clothing
is
badly
needed
in
the
flooded
area.
8
people,
police,
cattle
等有生命的集体名词做主语,谓语动词用复数。
The
police
are
looking
for
the
thief.
9
集合名词class,family,
team,
club,
population,
enemy,
party,
crowd,
crew,
audience,
public,
government,
majority,
minority,
staff,
class,
company,
union,
gang,
committee,
council,nation等做主语,如果作为一个整体看待,其谓语动词要用单数形式;如果就其中一个个成员而言,则谓语动词用复数。
My
family
is
a
large
one.
My
family
are
watching
TV.
10疑问代词who,
what,
which;
不定代词
all(指代的是“人”时,
谓语动词用复数;指代的是“物”时,谓语动词用单数),
none,
some,
any;half/
most/enough/the
rest/
the
last/
lots/plenty/part/分数/百分数+of+名词做主语,谓语动词的单复数要由它们所接名词的单复数而定。根据其指代的内容而定。
All
is
going
on
very
well.
All
are
present
besides
the
professor.
A
lot
of
students
are
coming
to
the
meeting.
11
“a
number
of
+复数可数名词”表示“一些,许多”,谓语动词要用复数。
“the
number
of
+复数可数名词”表示“…的数目,数量”,谓语动词要用单数。
The
number
of
people
invited
was
fifty,
but
a
number
of
them
were
absent
for
different
reasons.
有50个人被邀请,但是很多人因为各种各样的原因缺席了。
12
a
quantity
of
/an
amount
of+名词做主语,谓语动词用单数。
Quantities
of
/
amounts
of
+名词做主语,谓语动词用复数。
A(this)
kind/sort/type
of+名词做主语,谓语动词用单数。
These
(those)
kinds/sorts/types
of
+名词做主语,谓语动词用复数。
A
large
quantity
of
books
is
here.
Large
quantities
of
books
are
here.
A
large
amount
of
money
is
wasted.
Large
amounts
of
money
are
wasted.
13.
“one
and
a
half+可数名词复数”,“one
in
(out
of
)+可数名词复数”作主语,谓语动词一般用单数。
One
and
a
half
days
is
all
the
manager
can
spare.
经理只能抽出一天半的时间。
One
in
three
students
can
speak
English
in
this
school.
在这所学校的每三个学生中就有一个会说英语的。
注意:one
or
two,
a…or
two修饰的名词作主语:
One
or
two后接复数名词作主语,谓语动词要用复数。但在“a/an+单数名词+or
two”结构之后,位于却常用单数。
14关系代词who,
that,
which等在定语从句中做主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Those
who
want
to
go
to
the
park,
please
stand
up.
Some
of
the
energy
that
is
used
by
man
nowadays
comes
from
the
atom.
“one
of
+复数名词+定语从句”,定语从句的谓语动词用复数。
“the
only/the
very/the
first/the
last
+
one
of
+复数名词+定语从句”,
定语从句的谓语动词用单数。
15
“the
+形容词/分词”做主语,如果指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数。
The
rich
are
not
always
happy.
三.就(靠)近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,
一般一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
1.由
or;
either…or;
neither…nor;
whether…or;
not
only…but
also,not…but等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
Neither
you
nor
I
am
fit
for
the
work.
Not
only
Tom
but
also
Mary
and
Jane
are
tired
of
doing
the
same
thing
every
day.
注意:“with
/along
with/
together
with/
combined
with/
as
well
as/
like/unlike/
rather
than/
but/
except
/besides/
in
addition
to/
including/
more
than/
no
less
than/accompanied
by
+名词”置于主语后,他们都充当插入语,谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。
He,
like
you
and
Jim,
is
clever.
The
father,
rather
than
the
brothers,
is
responsible.
Mary,
as
well
as
her
sisters,
studies
Chinese
in
China.
Nobody
except
Bill
and
Jonny
has
entered
the
second
round
of
the
interview.但当
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Ten
thousand
tons
of
coal
were
produced
last
year.
【典例】
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】
22.The
musician
along
with
his
band
members
___________
ten
performances
in
the
last
three
months.
A.
gives
B.
has
given
C.
have
given
D.
give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意:在过去的三个月里,这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in
the
last
three
months”可知,这句话的时态为现在完成时,故排除AD选项。本句主语为the
musician,为第三人称单数形式,句中的“along
with
his
band
members”是附加成分,故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
2.(2020·江苏省高考真题)If
you
look
at
all
sides
of
the
situation,
you’ll
find
probably
a
solution
that
______
everyone.
A.suit
B.suited
C.suits
D.has
suited
C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:如果你从各个方面看问题,你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实,应使用一般现在时;此处是定语从句谓语动词,先行词是a
solution,从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
3.(2020·天津高考真题)The
number
of
medical
schools
reached
18
in
the
early
1990s
and
______
around
that
level
since.
A.are
remaining
B.have
remained
C.is
remaining
D.has
remained
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初,医学院的数量达到了18所,此后一直保持在这个水平。ever
since“从那以后”作时间状语,句子用现在完成时态。主语为the
number
of
medical
schools,the
number
of表示“……的数目”,中心词是number,所以是单数,作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上,故选D。
4.(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)The
publication
of
Great
Expectations,
which
(be)
both
widely
reviewed
and
highly
praised,
strengthened
Dickens’
status
as
a
leading
novelist.
was 解析:句意:受到广泛好评和高度称赞的《远大前程》的出版巩固了狄更斯作为一名杰出小说家的地位。分析句子结构可知,which引导定语从句,其先行词是Great
Expectations,这是一本书,所以定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式,另根据strengthened可知,此处应用一般过去时,故用was。