1．In order to promote the new product, the advertiser spared _______ energy _______ money to make huge billboards（广告牌）.
A．neither ... nor B．either ... or C．not only ... but also D．not ... but
2．________they decide which college to go to，students should research the admission procedures.
A．As B．While
C．Until D．Once
3．__________these messages always seem important at the time, most people can’t really remember them the next day.
A．Because B．Unless C．While D．Since
4． I say Tom is a smart boy, he still needs to work hard to achieve his goal.
A．Because B．When C．As D．While考点04
连词
连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词：用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，如and,
but,
or,
for等；
从属连词：主要是引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)的连词，如引出名词性从句的连词如that,
whether等，引出状语从句的连词如when,
because,
since,
if
等。
连词的考查主要集中在简单句、并列句和各种复合句的掌握上，主要是对连词的选择与使用上，如：and,
but,
or,
while以及其他连接各种从句的连接词和关联词。状语从句考点主要集中在连接词的掌握上，比如until,
before,
since,
because,
as,
if,
when,
in
case等各种连词的语义功能和语法功能。命题形式主要涉及单项填空、完形填空、语法填空、短文改错、完成句子等。
并列连词
并列连词
并列连词可以连接属于同一层次的具有相同句法功能的词、短语和句子，常见的并列连词如下：
1.and
（1）and作并列连词，意为“和，并且”等，当连接三个或三个以上的并列成分时，它放在最后一个成分之前，其余用逗号分开。
（2）在go(come,
stop)等+and+动词结构中，and+动词相当于to+动词
例：I’ll
go
and
bring
back
your
boots.
（3）and+同一动词表示动作长时间地“继续”或“重复”。
例：We
waited
and
waited.
（4）“祈使句+and+陈述句”相当于“if从句+主句”
例：Work
hard
and
you
will
succeed.
(=If
you
work
hard,
you
will
succeed.)
2.when也可以作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，相当于and
at
this/that
time，常用语下列句式：
（1）be
doing
sth
when...
（2）be
about
to
do
when...
（3）had
just
done
when...
3.表示对比、转折关系的并列连词有but,
while,
yet,
whereas等。
【注意】①
英语中不能说“though/although...but...”，二者只能选择其中一个使用，但是but可以换成yet或still。②
在口语中，拒绝别人的提议或请求，并给出自己的理由可以用but。
4.so和for都表示原因，用法模式为：“原因+so+结果”；“结果+for+原因”
【注意】英语表达中，because和so不能连用，二者只能选择一个。
5.or
（1）可以连接两个相同成分（选择疑问句或选择句）
（2）在否定句中否定并列成分，用or不用and
（3）“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构的or意为“否则”，相当于if
not条件句
例：Put
your
coat,
or
you’ll
catch
a
cold.
(=If
you
don’t
put
on
your
coat,
you’ll
catch
a
cold.)
6.
其他常见并列连词还有not
only...but
also（注意倒装）；not...but...（不是...而是...），either...or...,
neither...nor...,
both...and...
【典例】
1.（2018·新课标I卷·短文改错）At
the
end
of
our
trip,
I
told
my
father
that
I
planned
to
return
every
two
years,
but
he
agreed.
【参考答案】but改为and
【答案解析】考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将but改成and。
2.（2017·新课标I卷·短文改错）Before
getting
into
the
car,
I
thought
I
had
learned
the
instructor’s
orders,
so
once
I
started
the
car,
my
mind
goes（改为went）
blank,
I
forgot
what
he
had
said
to
me
altogether.
【参考答案】so改为but/yet
【答案解析】考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白，前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but或yet。
3.
（2017·新课标III卷·短文改错）I
had（改为have）
grown
not
only
physically,
and
also
mentally
in
the
past
few
years.
【参考答案】and改为but
【答案解析】考查连词。固定短语not
only…but
also…意为＂不但……而且……＂。
4.
（2017·北京卷·单项填空）—Peter,
please
send
us
postcards
________
we’ll
know
where
you
have
visited.
—No
problem.
A.
but
B.
or
C.
for
D.
so
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】考查连词。句意：＂彼得，
请发给我们明信片以便我们能知道你参观过的地方。＂＂没问题。＂so
(that)
意为＂为了……，以便……＂，由句意可知答案选
D。
从属连词
引导状语从句的从属连词
1.引导时间状语从句
表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词：
when,
while,
as,
whenever等
Don’t
talk
while
you’re
eating.
表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词：before,
after
Try
to
finish
your
work
before
you
leave.
表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。
since,
until,
till
She’s
been
playing
tennis
since
she
was
eight.
表示“一…就”的时间连词：as
soon
as,
the
moment,
the
minute,
the
second
The
moment
I
have
finished
I’ll
give
you
a
call.
表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词：
every
time(每次)，each
time(每次)，(the)
next
time(下次)
You
can
call
me
any
time
you
want
to.
2.引导条件状语从句
常用连词:if,
unless,
as
[so]
long
as,
in
case
in
order
that,
so
that,
for
fear
Do
you
mind
if
I
open
the
window?
Don’t
come
unless
I
telephone.
He
raised
his
voice
so
that
everyone
could
hear.
3.引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so
that,
so…that,
such…that等。如：
?I
went
to
the
lecture
early
so
that
I
got
a
good
seat.
我去听演讲去得很早,
所以找个好座位。
4.引导原因状语从句
because,
as,
since,
seeing
(that),
now
(that)
He
distrusted
me
because
I
was
new.
5.引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有although,
though,
even
though,
even
if,
while,
however,
whatever,
whoever,
whenever,
wherever等。如：
?Although
they
are
twins,
they
look
entirely
different.
他们虽是孪生,
但是相貌却完全不同。
6.
引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as,
as
if,
as
though,
the
way等。如：
?Why
didn't
you
catch
the
last
bus
as
I
told
you
to?你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?
7.
引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where,
wherever,
everywhere,
anywhere等。如：
?The
church
was
built
where
there
had
once
been
a
Roman
temple.
这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。
8.
引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和as…as。如：
?She
was
now
happier
than
she
had
ever
been.现在她比过去任何时候都快活。8.
引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有
in
order
that,
so
that,
in
case,
for
fear等。如：
?He
raised
his
voice
so
that
everyone
could
hear.他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。
?Take
your
umbrella
(just)
in
case
it
rains.
带上雨伞，以防下雨。
8.引起名词从句that,
whether,
if
He
replied
that
he
was
going
by
train.
注意：
1.引导名词从句的从属连词主要有that,
whether,
if
等，它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其中that
不仅没不充当句子成分，而且没有词义，在句子中只起连接作用；而
if,
whether
虽不充当句子成分，但有词义，即表示“是否”。
2.as可引导多种从句，如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句以及定语从句。
[误]
Which
you
can
see,
he
is
always
ready
to
help
others.
[正]
As
you
can
see
,
he
is
always
ready
to
help
others.
[析]as引导非限制性定语从句，当"正像"讲。
[误]
Do
like
I
told
you.
[正]
Do
as
I
told
you.
[析]like是介词；
as是连词，在这里作"按照"讲，引导方式状语从句。
[误]
He
was
reading
then
he
was
walking.
[正]
He
was
reading
as
he
was
walking.
[析]as强调两个动作同时进行，作"一边……一边……"讲。
[误]
As
he
is
young
,
he
knows
a
lot.
[正]
Young
as
he
is,
he
knows
a
lot.
[析]as引导的让步状语从句应用倒装语序，应把表语提前。
3.that可引导多种从句，如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等。
[误]
You
don’t
like
him
is
none
of
my
business.
[正]
That
you
don’t
like
him
is
none
of
my
business.
[析]that引导主语从句，本身无实际意义，但不能省略。
[误]
The
thief
handed
everything
which
he
had
stolen
to
the
police.
[正]
The
thief
handed
everything
that
he
had
stolen
to
the
police.
[析]everything是不定代词，因此后面的定语从句只能由that引导。
[误]
I
am
happy
as
you
passed
the
exam.
[正]
I
am
happy
that
you
passed
the
exam.
[析]that在形容词后面引导宾语从句，不能用as。
4.where可引导多种从句，如定语从句、状语从句以及名词性从句。
[误]
Go
to
find
your
watch.
It’s
there
where
you
left
it.
[正]
Go
to
find
your
watch.
It’s
where
you
left
it.
[析]where引导表语从句，相当于at
the
place
where。
[误]
The
place
where
there
is
water
,
there
is
life.
[正]
Where
there
is
water
,
there
is
life.
[析]where引导地点状语从句，可以放在主句的前面，也可以放在主句的后面。
5.what可引导感叹句、特殊疑问句、名词性从句等。
[误]
How
an
interesting
story
he
told
us!
[正]
What
an
interesting
story
he
told
us!
[析]What
an
interesting
story！=How
interesting
a
story！
[误]
I
can’t
remember
the
thing
what
he
told
me.
[正]
I
can’t
remember
what
he
told
me.
[析]what引导宾语从句，相当于the
thing
that。
6.
no
matter+what/who...与whatever/whoever...的区别：前者只能引导让步状语从句，而后者既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。
[误]
I
will
make
friends
with
no
matter
who
shares
my
interest.
[正]
I
will
make
friends
with
whoever
shares
my
interest.
[析]引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。
[误]
You
must
hand
in
no
matter
what
you’ve
found.
[正]
You
must
hand
in
whatever
you’ve
found.
[析]
引导名词性从句时只能用whatever。
7.whether和if的区别：两者引导名词性从句时都是从属连词，作"是否"讲，本身不作成分，此时句子中往往出现表示"不肯定"意义的一些短语，如not
sure/certain,not
known/decided,...is
still
question,depend
on等。
whether
和if
引导动词后的宾语从句时可互换，但下列情况一般只能用whether:
(1)
引导介词后的宾语从句（2）引导主语从句（3）
引导表语从句（4）引导同位语从句（5）后面出现or
not。
[误]
If
you
can
pass
the
exam
depends
on
how
hard
you
work.
[正]
Whether
you
can
pass
the
exam
depends
on
how
hard
you
work.
[析]引导主语从句只能用whether。
8.while,when,as
引导时间状语从句时的区别：
while只能表示"在一段时间或过程中"，后面一般用进行时或表示状态的结构；
when用于表示一个动作与另一个动作在同一时间发生，或一个动作在另一动作所延续的时间范围内发生。可以表示一段时间，也可表示时间的"一点"；
as引导时间状语从句时，表示两个动作同时进行，作"一边……一边……"讲。
[误]
I
picked
up
some
French
words
as
I
was
having
a
holiday
in
Paris.
[正]
I
picked
up
some
French
words
while
I
was
having
a
holiday
in
Paris.
[析]while强调在……过程中；as说明两个动作同时进行。
9.because,as,since(now
that）引导原因状语从句时的区别：
because引导原因状语从句时，表示直接的原因，可以回答why的提问；as只能是一种"附加的"理由，不能回答why的提问；since(now
that）多表示双方都已很清楚的事实，作"既然"讲。
[误]
Because
we’ve
finished
most
of
the
work,let’s
have
a
rest.
[正]
Since(Now
that)
we’ve
finished
most
of
the
work,let’s
have
a
rest.
[析]表示大家都清楚的理由用since(now
that）。
10.however和as
引导让步状语从句时的区别：
however引导让步状语从句时，相当于no
matter
how，后面跟形容词或副词；as引导让步状语从句时，用倒装语序，即把作状语的副词或作表语的形容词或名词提前，而且如果作表语的是单数名词，前面不加冠词，也可以把谓语部分的实义动词提前。
[误]
As
hard
he
works,he
can’t
catch
up
with
his
classmates.
[正]
However
hard
he
works,he
can’t
catch
up
with
his
classmates.[析]见上述说明。
[误]
A
model
worker
he
is,he
remains
modest.
[正]
Model
worker
as
he
is,he
remains
modest.
[析]as
引导让步状语从句，前面的单数名词前不加冠词。
【典例】
1（2020·江苏省高考真题）They
decide
to
have
more
workers
for
the
project
____
it
won’t
be
delayed.
A．even
if
B．as
if
C．now
that
D．so
that
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：他们决定为这项工程增加工人，以免耽搁。A.
even
if即使；B.
as
if好像；C.
now
that既然；D.
so
that为了。空后it
won’t
be
delayed是前面采取措施的目的，应使用so
that引导目的状语从句。故选D。
2.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）The
doctor
shares
his
phone
number
with
the
patients
__________
they
need
medical
assistance.
A.
if
only
B.
as
if
C.
even
though
D.
in
case
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意：医生给了病人他的手机号码，以防病人需要医疗援助。A.
if
only要是…多好；B.
as
if好像，仿佛；C.
even
though即使，尽管；D.
in
case以备，以防，免得。故选D。
3.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）Tom
is
so
independent
that
he
never
asks
his
parents'
opinion
_________
he
wants
their
support.
A.
since
B.
once
C.
unless
D.
after
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查连词辨析。句意：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。since因为；once一旦；unless除非；after在……之后，根据题意，故选C。
4.
(2018·江苏卷·单项填空)
_______
you?can?sleep?well,?you?will?lose?the?ability?to?focus,?plan?and?stay
motivated?after
one
or?two?nights.
A.
Once
B.
Unless
C.
If
D.
When
【参考答案】B
【解析】考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。A.
Once一旦；B.
Unless除非；C.
If如果；D.
When当……时候。故选B。
5.
(2018·天津卷·单项填空)
Let's
not
pick
these
peaches
until
this
weekend
___________they
get
sweet
enough
to
be
eaten.
A.
ever
since
B.
as
if
C.
even
though
D.
so
that
【参考答案】.D
【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A.
ever
since自那时起；B.
as
if好像；C.
even
though尽管；D.
so
that以便。从句为目的状语从句，故用so
that引导。故选D。
