考点05
代词
代词在近年高考试题中出现频率很高,每年至少测试一道题。一般常见的考点分布在:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词等,尤其是不定代词的考查更是重中之重。
主要考查it和人称代词的用法。这一专题在语法填空和短文改错中重点考查在语境中运用正确的代词。
人称、物主、反身、指示和疑问代词
人称代词
1.
人称代词指代的数量前后要一致。
The
students
must
be
made
to
understand
how
important
each
subject
is
to
them.
2.
句中没有谓语动词,人称代词要用宾格。
—The
town
is
so
beautiful!I
just
love
it.
—Me
too.
3.
在than,
as后用主格、宾格都可以。
I'm
taller
than
she/her.
I'm
as
tall
as
she/her.
4.
在作表语时,用宾格较多。
—Who
is
knocking
at
the
door?
—It's
me.
物主代词
1.
名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。
Look
at
the
two
pencils.
The
red
one
is
your
pencil,
the
blue
one
is
mine.
(mine=my
pencil)
2.
形容词性物主代词不与a/an,
any,
this,
that,
these,
some,
several,
no,
each,
another等词连用。
3.
当形容词性物主代词与all和both连用时,必须放在all和both之后。
Anyway,
I
can't
cheat
him—it's
against
all
my
principles.
反身代词
1.
作宾语时,常用在介词for,
of,
in,
between,
among或动词后。
You
shouldn't
leave
the
child
at
home
by
himself.
含有反身代词的习惯用语有:
seat
oneself;behave
oneself;enjoy
oneself;come
to
oneself;devote
oneself
to;adapt
oneself
to;
accustom
oneself
to。
2.
作表语、同位语
用于be,
feel,
seem,
look等后,作表语,表示身体处于正常状态;作同位语时,主要用于加强名词的语气,
可紧跟在名词后面或位于句尾。
I'm
not
myself
today.
指示代词this,
that,
these,
those,
such,
so
1.
this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物;this还可以指下文将要谈到的人或物。
2.
that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物;that还可以指上文提到过的人或物。
3.
such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数。
4.
so代替一个句子或短语所表达的内容,意为“如此,这样”。在believe,
think,
expect,
suppose,
imagine,
guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点。
This
apple
pie
is
too
sweet,
don't
you
think
so?
Such
is
the
power
of
the
TV
that
it
can
make
a
person
suddenly
famous.
one,
ones,
that,
those与it作替代词时的区别
1.
one替代上文单数可数名词,表泛指,同类不同一,相当于“a/an+单数名词”。
The
train
was
crowded
so
we
decided
to
catch
a
later
one.
2.
ones替代上文出现的名词复数,表泛指,同类不同一。
3.
that替代上文出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词,表特指,同类不同一,相当于“the+单数可数名词/不可数名词”。一般不和冠词连用,其后总有修饰语。
His
own
experience
was
different
from
that
of
his
friends.
4.
those是that的复数形式。替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时),表特指,同类不同一。
The
books
on
the
desk
are
better
than
those/the
ones
under
the
desk.
5.
it替代上文提到的“同一”事物。
I
love
the
spring—it
is
a
wonderful
time
of
the
year.
疑问代词
1.
whatever,
whichever,
whoever,
whomever分别是what,
which,
who,
whom的强调形式,表示说话人的惊讶、愤慨、困惑等感彩。
Whatever
can
you
mean?
Whoever
thought
up
that
joke?
2.四个特殊短语
What
for...?为何?What
if...?要是……会怎么样?
What/How
about...?……怎么样?(表示征求意见,常接动名词),
So
what?那又怎样?
【典例】
1.(2019·新课标卷III·短文改错)In
the
cafe,
customers
will
enjoy
yourselves
in
the
historical
environment
is
created
for
them.
【答案】yourselves改为
themselves
【解析】考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语,故把
yourselves改为
themselves。
2.(2018·新课标卷III·短文改错)Some
of
us
were
confident
and
eager
take
part
in
the
class
activity,
others
were
nervous
and
anxious.
I
had
done
homework
but
I
was
shy.
【答案】myself改为my/the
【解析】句意:我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself,或改为定冠词the也可以。
3.
Those
who
smoke
heavily
should
remind
__________of
health,
the
bad
smell
and
the
feelings
of
other
people.
A.
theirs
B.
them
C.
themselves
D.
oneself
【答案】C
【解析】句意:那些烟瘾很大的人应该提醒自己注意健康,难闻的气味以及他人的感受。remind
oneself
of
sth.提醒自己当心某事。句子主语是those,故选择C项。
4..(2017·新课标卷Ⅲ·短文改错)This
picture
often
brings
back
to
me
many
happy
memories
of
your
high
school
days.
【答案】your
→my
【解析】全文介绍的是“我”的故事,因此这里应该是“我”高中时期的回忆。
不定代词
none,
nobody/no
one,
nothing
1.
none既可指人也可指物,多与表示范围的介词of连用;与数量有关,可回答how
many或how
much类的问句,表示“一个也没有”。
My
brother
would
like
to
buy
a
good
watch
but
none
was
available
from
that
shop.
2.
nobody/no
one不能与of连用,只能指人,表示“什么人也没有”,可回答who引导的疑问句。
Nobody
can
be
good
at
something
for
40
years
if
he
doesn't
love
it.
3.
nothing表示“什么也没有”,用来否定一切,可回答what引导的疑问句。
another,
other,
the
other,
others,
the
others
1.
another指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,用作代词或形容词。
Recycling
is
one
way
to
protect
the
environment;
reusing
is
another.
2.
other不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义。
3.
the
other指“两者中的另一个”,常与one连用,构成one...the
other...表示“一个……另一个……”;作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“全部其余的”。
I
have
two
books;
one
is
English,
and
the
other
is
French.
4.
others单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the
others。
In
some
countries,
people
eat
with
chopsticks,
while
in
others,
knives
and
forks.
either,
both,
neither,
all,
none,
any
either
肯定意义
表示“两者中的一个”,作主语时,谓语动词常用单数
both
肯定意义
表示“两者都”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数
neither
否定意义
表示“两者都不”,作主语时,谓语动词常用单数
all
肯定意义
作主语时,谓语动词的人称和数应与all所指代的人或事物保持一致
none
否定意义
作主语后接复数名词时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数;后接不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数
any
肯定意义
作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可,常与of连用
She'd
lived
in
London
and
Manchester,
but
she
liked
neither
and
moved
to
Cambridge.
Niki
is
always
full
of
ideas,
but
none
is
useful
to
my
knowledge.
注意:1.
both,
all与not连用表示部分否定;表示全部否定应用neither,
none。
2.
区分
the
other和the
rest
of:the
other只能修饰可数单数名词或复数名词;the
rest
of既可以修饰复数名词,又可修饰不可数名词。
(四)复合不定代词的特殊用法
1.
anything
but
根本不;nothing
but仅仅,只不过;something
like大约,类似;anything
like完全像,全然。
They
can
get
something
like
£3,000
a
year.
2.
somebody有时有“重要人物”之意,nobody则指“小人物,无名之辈”。
She
rose
from
being
nobody
to
become
a
superstar.
She
thinks
she's
really
somebody
in
that
car.
3.
something
of
a/an颇有几分,堪称。
He
is
something
of
a
book
collector.
4.
anywhere
between大约
I
think
Mrs
Stark
could
be
anywhere
between
50
and
60
years
of
age.
【典例】
1.(2017·新课标卷Ⅱ·短文改错)Mr.
and
Mrs.
Zhang
all
work
in
our
school.
【答案】all
→both或者all去掉
【解析】因为主语是两个人,所以用both表示两者都,而all则表示三者或三者以上的全部。此处将all去掉也可以。
2.(2020·江苏省高考真题)This
actor
often
has
the
first
two
tricks
planned
before
performing,
and
then
goes
for
______.
A.whichever
B.whenever
C.wherever
D.whatever
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧,然后全力以赴。A.
whichever无论哪个;B.
whenever无论何时;C.
wherever无论何地;D.
whatever无论什么。分析句子成分可知,此处做goes
for的宾语,指代“任何事情”,whatever符合语境。故选D。
3.
Niki
is
always
full
of
ideas,
but
______
is
useful
to
my
knowledge.
A.
nothing
B.
no
one
C.
neither
D.
none
【答案】D
【解析】句意:Niki总是有各种想法,但没有一个对我的认知有帮助。nothing泛指"什么东西都没有";no
one泛指"没有人";neither指的是"两者都不";none则特指没有特定的人或物,范围是三者或三者以上。语境中full
of
ideas指的是三者或三者以上,因此none符合题意,故选D。
4.
—When
shall
I
call,
in
the
morning
or
afternoon?
—________.
I’ll
be
in
all
day.
【答案】Either
【解析】句意:——我该什么时间给你打电话,早上还是下午?——都可以,我一整天都在家。上句提到了两个时间,故可用both,
either,
neither。在根据“一整天都在家”可知,两个时间中的那个时间来都可以。
5.(2018·新课标卷I·短文改错)
The
first
time
I
went
there,
they
were
living
in
a
small
house
with
dogs,
ducks,
and
another
animals.
【答案】another改为other
【解析】他们住在一个小房子里,院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知,将another改成other。
it用法
it作人称代词
1.
it
作人称代词可以指事物或人。it
指人时,主要用于指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。
Is
it
a
boy
or
a
girl?
There
is
a
knock
on
the
door.
It
must
be
the
postman.
注意:在答语中,常用来指本人,如:It's
me。
2.
it
还可用于代替指示代词this,
that
以及复合不定代词
something,
anything,
nothing等。
—What's
this?—
It's
a
new
machine.
it作非人称代词
1.
指时间、距离、天气、日期、温度等。
It
rained
all
day
yesterday.
It's
early
spring,
but
it
is
already
hot.
2.
用于一些固定句型中。
It's
time
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
某人该做某事了。
It's
(about/high)
time+that...
该是……时候了(从句谓语用过去式或“should+动词原形”)
It's
first/second...
time+that...
某人第几次做某事(从句谓语用现在完成时)
It's+时间段+since...
自从……有一段时间了
It's+时间段+before...
过多长的时间才……
3.
it作形式主语或形式宾语,代替不定式、动名词、主语从句或宾语从句。
It
is
no
use
crying
spilt
milk.
We
think
it
necessary
to
combine
theory
with
practice.
常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式有:
It
is
a
pity/a
shame/no
wonder
that...
真可惜/丢人/难怪……
It
seems/appears/happens
that...
似乎/看来/碰巧……
It
looks/seems
as
if/though...
看起来好像……
It
occurs
to/strikes/hits
sb.
that...
某人突然想起……
It
is
said/reported/believed/suggested
that...
据说/据报道/人们认为/人们建议……
It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.
做某事花费某人多长时间
It
is
no
use/good
doing
sth.
做某事没有用/好处
make
it
clear
that...
清楚表明......
主语+表示情感倾向的动词(enjoy,
prefer,
love,
like,
hate,
dislike,
appreciate,
rely
on,
see
to等)+it+that/if/when...
4.
用于强调句型“It
is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”。
It
was
David
who/that
bought
a
cellphone
from
a
store
nearby
yesterday.
It
was
from
a
store
nearby
that
David
bought
a
cellphone
yesterday.
注意:如果把句子的It
is/was和that/who去掉,剩余部分仍然是一个完整的句子,则可判断该句为强调句。
【典例】
1.(2018·浙江卷·语法填空)Many
westerners
57
(who/that)
come
to
China
cook
much
less
than
in
their
own
countries
once
they
realize
how
cheap
58
can
be
to
eat
out.
【答案】it
【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句,正常语序应该是it
can
be
cheap
to
eat
out.其中不定式to
eat
out是真正主语,用it
是形式主语。故填it。
2.(2017﹒天津卷)It
was
when
I
got
back
to
my
apartment
______
I
first
came
across
my
new
neighbors.
A.
who
B.
where
C.
which
D.
that
【答案】D
【解析】句意:当我回到我的公寓的时候,我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It
was开头,后面连词首选that,构成强调句型,但需要验证,本句中去掉It
was
和that,句意完整,所以确定是强调句型。故选D。
3.(2017·新课标卷Ⅱ)However,
the
railway
quickly
proved
to
be
a
great
success
and
within
six
months,
more
than
25,000
people
were
using
67 every
day.
【答案】it
【解析】根据上文“the
railway
quickly”可知,此处用it代替the
railway。考点05
代词
人称、物主、反身、指示和疑问代词
1.Being
a
parent
is
not
always
easy,
and
being
the
parent
of
a
child
with
special
needs
often
carries
with
_______
extra
stress.
A.it
B.them
C.one
D.him
2.--
There
is
still
a
copy
of
the
book
in
the
library.
Will
you
go
and
borrow
________
?
---No,
I’d
rather
buy
__________
on
the
internet.
A.it;
one
B.one;
one
C.one;
it
D.it;
it
3.Isn’t
it
amazing
how
the
human
body
heals
____
after
an
injury?
A.himself
B.him
C.itself
D.it
4.Those
who
smoke
heavily
should
remind
__________of
health,
the
bad
smell
and
the
feelings
of
other
people.
A.theirs
B.them
C.themselves
D.oneself
5.The
quality
of
education
in
this
small
school
is
better
than
______
in
some
larger
schools.
A.that
B.one
C.it
D.this
6.The
information
on
the
Internet
gets
around
much
more
rapidly
than
in
the
newspaper.
A.it
B.those
C.one
D.that
7.---
Silly
me!
I
forget
what
my
luggage
looks
like.
---
What
do
you
think
of_____over
there?
A.the
one
B.it
C.that
D.this
8.The
English
spoken
in
the
United
States
is
only
slightly
different
from
spoken
in
England.
A.which
B.what
C.that
D.the
one
9.Professional
skills
are
tools
like
a
knife
or
a
hammer.
You
need
______
to
complete
the
things
you
want
to
do.
A.it
B.that
C.them
D.ones
不定代词
10.It
was
hard
for
him
to
learn
English
in
a
family,
in
which
_____
of
the
parents
spoke
the
language.
A.none
B.neither
C.both
D.each
11.Jim
sold
most
of
his
things.He
has
hardly___left
in
the
house.
A.anything
B.everything
C.nothing
D.something
12.My
brother
would
like
to
buy
a
good
watch
but
_______
was
available
from
that
shop.
A.nothing
B.none
C.no
one
D.neither
13.A
study
shows
the
students
who
are
engaged
in
after-school
activities
are
happier
than
_________who
are
not.
A.ones
B.those
C.these
D.them
14.I
think
Mrs.
Stark
could
be
_______
between
50
and
60
years
of
age.
A.anywhere
B.anybody
C.anyhow
D.anything
it用法
15.I’d
appreciate
________
if
you
could
let
me
know
in
advance
whether
or
not
you
will
come.
A.it
B.you
C.one
D.this
16.No
matter
where
he
is,
he
makes
________
a
rule
to
go
for
a
walk
before
breakfast.
A.him
B.this
C.that
D.it
17.How
would
you
like
________
if
you
were
watching
your
favorite
TV
program
and
someone
came
into
the
room
and
just
shut
it
off
without
asking
you?
A.them
B.one
C.those
D.it
18.This
is
not
my
story,
nor
______
the
whole
story.
My
story
plays
out
differently.
A.is
there
B.there
is
C.is
it
D.it
is
19.I
like
this
house
with
a
beautiful
garden
in
front,
but
I
don’t
have
enough
money
to
buy__________.
A.one
B.it
C.this
D.that
20.It
has
been
proved______eating
vegetables
in
childhood
helps
to
protect
you
against
serious
illnesses
in
later
life.
A.if
B.because
C.when
D.that
21.The
employment
rate
has
continued
to
rise
in
big
cities
thanks
to
the
efforts
of
the
local
govenments
to
increase
.
A.then
B.those
C.it
D.that
22.—Who’s
that
at
the
door?
—
is
the
milkman.
A.He
B.It
C.This
D.That
1.【2020·全国新课标I】Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
much
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
70.
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
2.【2020·全国新课标I改错】"Not
that
way,"
my
mom
tried
to
stop
us
but
failed.
3.【2020·全国新课标2改错】Best
of
luck
with
yours
learning
kung
fu
in
China.
4.【2020·全国新课标3改错】But
he
insists
on
us
eating
healthy
food.
5.(2015·重庆高考真题)The
meeting
will
be
held
in
September,
but
______
knows
the
date
for
sure.
A.everybody
B.nobody
C.anybody
D.somebody
6.(2012·四川省高考真题)New
technologies
have
made
____
possible
to
turn
out
new
products
faster
and
at
a
lower
cost.
A.that
B.this
C.one
D.it
7.(2012·山东省高考真题)It
doesn’t
matter
________
you
pay
by
cash
or
credit
card
in
this
store.
A.how
B.whether
C.what
D.why
8.(2012·全国高考真题)Larry
asks
Bill
and
Peter
to
go
on
a
picnic
with
him,
but
of
them
wants
to,
because
they
have
work
to
do.
A.either
B.any
C.neither
D.none
9.(2012·福建省高考真题)一
Have
you
figured
out
how
much
the
trip
will
cost?
—$4,000,
or
like
that.
A.anything
B.everything
C.something
D.nothing
10.(2014·山东)Susan
made______
clear
to
me
that
she
wished
to
make
a
new
life
for
herself.
A.that
B.this
C.it
D.her
11.(2015·福建)The
research
group
produced
two
reports
based
on
the
survey,
but
_________
contained
any
useful
suggestions.
A.all
B.none
C.either
D.neither
12.(2011·陕西省高考真题)-Would
you
get
me
a
bar
of
chocolate
from
the
kitchen,dear?
-
one?
A.Other
B.Every
C.Another
D.More
13.(2016·浙江省高考真题)In
many
ways,
the
education
system
in
the
US
is
not
very
different
from
________
in
the
UK.
A.that
B.this
C.one
D.it
1.(2020·天津耀华中学高一月考)The
goods
________
from
the
Internet
are
cheaper
than
________
we
buy
in
shops.
A.be
bought;
that
B.bought;
those
C.bought;
that
D.were
bought;
the
ones
2.(2020·江苏省扬州中学高三月考)---
The
Captain
is
definitely
a
touching
movie,
______
adapted
from
a
true
story.
---
Exactly.
Captain
Liu
puts
the
safety
of
passengers
in
the
first
place.
A.one
that
B.which
C.the
one
D.one
3.(2020·上海理工大学附属中学高一月考)We
thought
_______
strange
that
Tony
Stark
should
come.
A.that
B.it
C.this
D.what
4.(2020·江苏省苏州实验中学高三月考)In
public
places,
improved
child-care
facilities
will
benefit
________
genders,
not
just
women.
A.both
B.all
C.either
D.other
5.(2020·天津高三二模)Though
reasons
for
learning
Chinese
vary,
a
common
was
enthusiasm
for
the
country’s
rich
culture.
A.one
B.it
C.that
D.this
6.(2020·江苏省高三二模)See
things
in
a
negative
light
and
you
will
find
faults
everywhere
and
problems
where
there
are
really
_______.
A.none
B.no
one
C.something
D.nothing
7.(2020·天水市第一中学高一开学考试)I
would
appreciate
______
if
you
could
give
me
a
reply
as
soon
as
possible.
A.you
B.it
C.that
D.them
8.(2020·河北承德第一中学高一月考)
______
has
been
decided
that
the
2020
Tokyo
Olympic
Games
will
be
put
off
to
2021.
A.It
B.What
C.As
D.Which
9.(2020·天津四中高二期中)The
exchange
student
from
Kenya
often
shares
with
us
the
news
of
his
country
and
____of
his
neighbouring
countries.
A.those
B.that
C.it
D.the
one
10.(2020·天津高三月考)—What
do
you
think
of
the
information
from
books?
—
It
is
easier
to
forget
than
________
from
life
itself.
A.the
one
B.it
C.that
D.those
11.(2020·汉中市龙岗学校高一期末)The
old
couple
preferred
a
flat
in
a
small
town
to
______
in
so
large
a
city
as
Chongqing.
A.this
B.it
C.that
D.one
12.(2020·天津市静海区大邱庄中学高三月考)---
Silly
me!
I
forget
what
my
luggage
looks
like.
---
What
do
you
think
of_____over
there?
A.the
one
B.it
C.that
D.this
13.(2020·江苏省天一中学高三月考)What
Chinese
lawmakers
begin
to
consider
is
a
proposed
revision
to
the
country’s
Food
Safety
Law,_______
includes
mandatory
(强制性)
labeling
of
GM
food.
A.one
B.the
one
which
C.one
that
D.the
one
that
14.(2020·江苏省南京师大附中高三一模)If
you
see
things
in
a
negative
light,
you
will
find
faults
everywhere
and
problems
where
there
are
really
________.
A.none
B.some
C.many
D.nothing
15.(2019·江苏省淮阴中学高三月考)More
overseas
students
are
returning
home
to
make
contributions
to
our
country,
a
large
proportion
of
_____
reported
to
have
received
first-class
education.
A.whom
B.which
C.them
D.whoever
16.(2019·黑龙江省哈九中高三月考)You
are
really
!
I
heard
marvelous
news
that
you
set
a
new
world
record.
A.anything
B.nothing
C.something
D.everything
17.(2019·黑龙江省哈九中高三月考)When
you
go
by
train,
make
sure
you
take
an
express,
___________stops
only
at
big
stations.
A.one
B.one
that
C.that
D.what
18.(2020·天津静海一中高三月考)“Made
in
China
2025”
aims
to
transform
China
from
a
product-making
factory
into
a
product-making
power,
______________
driven
by
innovation
and
emphasizing
quality
over
quantity.
A.the
one
that
B.one
that
C.one
D.the
one
19.(2020·江苏省高三开学考试)“Made
in
China
2025”
initiative
aims
to
transform
China
from
a
manufacturing
giant
into
a
world
manufacturing
power,
________
driven
by
innovation
and
emphasizes
quality
over
quantity.
A.the
one
that
B.one
that
C.one
D.the
one
20.(2020·黑龙江省黑龙江实验中学高三开学考试)He
is
rich
and
brave.
__________
is
no
wonder
he
is
popular
with
girls.
A.There
B.That
C.It
D.What
21.(2019·上海曹杨二中高一月考)I
had
to
buy
_____
of
these
books
because
I
didn’t
know
which
one
was
the
best.
A.both
B.none
C.neither
D.all
22.(2020·江西省高一期末)—I
wonder
how
often
you
will
clean
up
your
room
by
yourself.
—________
other
day.
A.In
B.Every
C.For
D.Each
23.(2020·黑龙江省哈尔滨三中高二期中)People
were
dressed
in
elegant
costumes,
all
of
_____
suitable
for
a
multicultural
parade.
A.which
B.whom
C.them
D.who
24.(2019·天津市静海区独流中学高二月考)Praise
is
like
sunlight
to
the
human
spirit;
without
_______
we
cannot
flower
and
grow.
A.them
B.it
C.that
D.which
25.(2019·上海复旦附中高二期末)The
autobiography(自传)
of
the
happiest
man
would
not
be
a
record
of
sensational
or
exciting
experiences,
but
________
composed
of
simple
and
plain
incidents
or
routines.
A.it
is
B.which
is
C.one
that
D.one
考点练
1.A
【解析】考查代词的用法。句意:作为一个父母并非总是一件容易的事,但是作为一个有特殊需求的孩子的父母来说就需要有更多的额外的压力。it特指being
the
parent
of
a
child
with
special
needs这件事。故选A。
2.A
【解析】A【命题立意】考查it的用法。
【解题思路】第一空指代前面提到的a
copy
of
the
book,用
it;而第二空指到书店去买一本,泛指某一本,为同名异物,用one。
3.C
【解析】本题考查代词作宾语。itself
指代前面的the
human
body
。
4.C
【解析】theirs意为“他们的”,them意为“他们”,they的宾格形式,themselves意为“他们自己”,oneself意为“自己,某人自己”,该句中谓语动词是remind,用法为remind
sb
of
sth,提醒某人某事;或者remind
sb
to
do
sth
提醒某人干某事。该句句意为,那些烟瘾重的人们应当提醒他们自己吸烟对健康的影响、产生的气味和别人的感受。根据句意可知是”提醒他们自己”,以及主语those可知,选择C项。
【考点定位】考察代词的用法。
5.A
【解析】考查代词。句意:这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the
quality
of
education,故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。代词it,
one和that都可指代前面提到的名词。一般说来,it指代同名同物;one与that则指代同名异物,但one为泛指,相当于a/an+名词,只可代指可数名词;that为特指,相当于the+名词,可以代指不可数名词。one既可代替事物,也可代替人,that只能代替事物而不能代替人。掌握好这些知识就不难选出答案。
6.D
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:网上的信息传播得要比报纸上的信息传播得更快。A.it指代上文出现的同一事物;B.
those指代可数名词复数;C.
one指代可数名词单数。D.
that指代不可数名词或可数名词单数形式,后面要有定语修饰
,表示特指。本句中that指代不可数名词information后面有介词短语修饰,表示特指。故D正确。
【名师点睛】
1)it通常用来指代上文提到过的那个事物,表示特指概念,即指代同一物。
(2)one表示泛指概念,替代可数名词的单数形式。其复数形式ones也表示泛指概念,用来替代可数名词的复数形式。the
one(s)也是替代可数名词,但表示特指概念。
(3)that既可以用来指代不可数名词,又可以用来指代可数名词单数形式,表示特指概念,相当于“the+名词”结构。
(4)those用来指代可数名词复数形式,表示特指概念,相当于“the+可数名词复数”结构。它是that(指代可数名词单数时)的复数形式。
(5)当that或those在句中指代事物时,它们的后面通常使用一些后置定语,如:
Little
joy
can
equal
that
of
a
surprising
ending
when
you
read
stories.(that指代不可数名词joy)
特别提醒:(1)that只能代替事物不能代替人(定语从句除外),one既可代替事物也可代替人。
(2)“物主代词+own”之后不能加one。
(3)一般可以用this
one,that
one,较少用these
ones和those
ones。当ones前有形容词修饰时则可以用these和those。
7.C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:——我真笨,居然忘记自己的行李是什么样子的?——你认为那边那个是吗?
that特指上文出面的不可数名词或可数名词的单数。替代不可数名词时,不能用
the
one。故选C项。
8.C
【解析】考查代词。句意:在美国说的英语与在英国说的英语略有一点不同。由spoken
in
England可知,此处不是从句,不能使用which/what。在比较级中,为了避免重复,要用that代替前面出现的同一事情,但此处English为不可数名词,要用that,
而不用the
one,the
one代替可数名词时,可与that互换。故选C。
9.C
【解析】考查代词。句意:专业技能是像刀或锤子这样的工具。你需要它们来完成你想做的事情。分析句子可知,them代指前文的tools。故选C项。
10.B
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:在一个父母都不会说英语的家庭里,他很难学会英语。A.
none三者或三者以上都不;B.
neither
两者都不;C.
both
两者都;D.
each每个。根据“It
was
hard
for
him
to
learn
English
in
a
family”以及“the
parents”可知,neither
“两者都不”。故选B项。
11.A
【解析】考查代词。句意:吉姆卖掉了他的大部分东西。他家里几乎什么都没剩下。anything用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中,或用于肯定句,但与含有疑问、否定意义的词连用,意为“任何事(物),什么事(物)”,根据所提供的情景Jim
sold
most
of
his
things.可判断出他房子里几乎没有什么东西了。hardly意为“几乎不”,构成否定句;everything
意为“每件事物,万事”;nothing
意为“(什么也)没有,没有什么东西(什么事)
”;something
意为“某物,某事”。故选A。
12.B
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:我哥哥想买一块好表,但那家商店没有一块合适的。A.nothing没有东西;B.none一个也没有;C.no
one没有人;D.neither两者都不。由前文的“to
buy
a
good
watch”可知,想买一块好手表,结果一块也没买到,强调数量时应该用“none”。故选B。
13.B
【解析】考查代词。句意:一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与the
students是对应关系,可以用the
ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词,不能与the
students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。
14.A
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:我认为Stark夫人的岁数可能在50到60岁之间。此处anywhere意为:任何地方。anybody任何人;
anyhow
管怎样;anything任何事。anywhere
between…and…意为:大约。根据句意,故选A。
15.A
【解析】考查it用法。句意:如果你能提前告诉我你是否会来的话,我将非常感激。appreciate后跟接if或when从句时,其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句,若语义上需要接这类从句,需借助it,it作形式宾语。故选A。
16.D
【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意:不管他在哪儿,早餐前都要去散步,这是他的惯例。句中it用作形式宾语,不定式短语“to
go
for
a
walk
before
breakfast”是真正的宾语,故选D项。
17.D
【解析】考查代词It。句意:当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时,突然有个人进来,一声不吭地关掉电视,你会怎么想?It作形式宾语,指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句,一个条件状语从句(if)和两个并列句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you
would
like______.分析句子结构可知,like之后缺少一个宾语,需要一个宾格代词充当,故选D。
18.C
【解析】
nor位于句首引起部分倒装,排除B、D;再根据句意“这并不是(关于)我的故事,它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。”选代词it。故答案选C。
19.B
【解析】考查人称代词。句意:我喜欢这个前面有漂亮花园的房子,但我没有足够的钱去买下它。one,
it,
that,this常常用来代替或避免重复某个名词。that只指物,不指人,可替代可数名词或不可数名词,具有“特指”性质。指的是同类事物中的另一样东西,即同类异物。one
和that在代替可数名词时,如果没有前置定语只有后置定语时,
the
one
和that可互换。但该名词如有前置定语,则只能用the
one,而不能用that,
it代替的是同类,同物,同一个事物。本句中的it代替前面提到的this
house。故选B。
20.D
【解析】考查that引导的主语从句。句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是eating
vegetables
in
…life,从句部分是一个完整的陈述句,不缺句子成分。所以应用that引导这个主语从句。故选D。
21.C
【解析】考察代词。it用来指代前面提到的具体的事情。
22.B
【解析】考查代词it。句意:——谁在门外?——是送牛奶的。因为不知道门外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故选B。
拓展练
1.
70.its
考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
2.us改为me。
考查代词。句意:“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我,但是失败了。根据上文可知,是作者一个人做菜,此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”,应使用第一人称单数的宾格,故将us改为me。
2.
yours→your
/
you考查代词。句意:祝你在中国学习功夫好运。分析句子,best
luck
of
you
译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。故将your改为you。/句中的yours为名词性物主代词,不可修饰后面的动名词。故将yours改为your。
4.考查代词。句意:但是她坚持让我们吃健康的食物。文中指“我的妈妈”,是女性,所以he改成she。
5.B
【解析】考查不定代词。句意:会议将在九月举行,但没有人知道确切的日期。everybody每个人;人人;nobody没有人;anybody任何人;somebody某人。根据but表达转折可知没有人知道,故选B项。
6.D
【解析】试题分析:形式宾语的考查。Make
it
possible
to
do
sth.,
it
在这里做的是形式宾语,真正的宾语是to
turn
out
new
products
faster
and
at
a
lower
cost.句意:新的技术使人们生产新产品速度加快和低成本制作成为可能。
考点:考查形式宾语
7.B
【解析】考查主语从句的连接词。此处it是形式主语,后面whether...or…引导的主语从句是真正的主语,whether...or…意为:是…还是…都行。句意:在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。
8.C
【解析】 but是转折连词,but前面的分句意为“Larry请Bill和Peter和他去野餐”,是请两个人且两个分句是转折关系,所以应该选C项,neither两者都不。any和none表示三者或三者以上的范围;either两者中的任意一个。
9.C
【解析】something
like
that
意为“大致如此,差不多这样”,something在本句中是表示不确定的描述或数量,“大致,左右”的意思。比如:She
called
at
something
after
ten
o’clock.她10点多钟来过电话。It
tastes
something
like
melon.
这吃起来有点像甜瓜。They
pay
six
pounds
an
hour.
Something
like
that.
他们按每小时六英镑付费。大致如此。
10.C
【解析】考查代词it。句意:Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活。这是一个宾语从句,make的宾语是that引导的句子,在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句。故选C。
11.D
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:那个研究团队基于那个调查得出了两个报告,但是两个报告里面都没有包含任何有用的建议。A.all全部(指三者或者三者以上);B.none没有一个(指三者或者三者以上);C.either两个中任何一个;D.两者都不。句中提到两个报告,故A、B项错误;由but可推断,得出的两个报告都没有任何有用的建议,表示否定,故C项错误。故选D
12.C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:--你能帮我从厨房里拿一块巧克力吗,亲爱的?
---又拿一块?other其他的;every每一个;another再一;又一;more更多的。根据句意和one后面的问号推断,显然是觉得对方已经吃的够多了。此处表示“再一(块巧克力)”。故选C。
13.A
【解析】考查代词。句意:在很多方面,美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系不太相同。指代上文的名词education
system,用that,而且后面有介词短语作后置定语,this表示近指,one泛指可数名词单数,it特指上文提到的名词。故选A。
【点睛】
本题着重考查指示代词:用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。它们主要有:this这个;that那个;these这些;those那些;it
它。指示代词所指的对象取决于谈话双方的语境。指示代词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。that指代上文的可数或不可数名词,后面可有后置定语;those指代
上文的可数名词复数,后面可有后置定语;one泛指上文的可数名词单数;it指同类同物。
模拟练
1.B
【解析】考查非谓语动词和代词。句意:从网上买的东西比我们在商店买的便宜。分析可知,句中谓语为“are”,所填空应作非谓语。动词“buy”
与之前名词之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,因此用bought。在比较状语从句中,为避免重复,当比较对象一致时,用that/those代替。the
goods
为复数概念,应用those。故选B项。
2.D
【解析】考查代词。句意:——《船长》绝对是一部感人的电影,一部改编自真实故事的电影。——没错。刘队长把乘客的安全放在第一位。one可替代前面有不定冠词的可数名词单数,即表示泛指,在词句中代替前面的a
touching
movie。故选D项。
3.B
【解析】考查it的用法。句意:我们觉得托尼·斯塔克会来很奇怪。句中it做形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面that引导的宾语从句。故选B。
4.A
【解析】试题分析:句意:在公共场所,改善托儿设施将受益于两性,而不仅仅是妇女。A.
both两个;B.
all所有,指三者以上;C.
either
二选一;D.
other其他的
,gender是性别,结合句意可知是男女,故选A。
考点:考查代词的用法。
5.A
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:虽然学习汉语的原因各不相同,但一个共同的原因是对中国丰富的文化的热情。分析句子,为了避免前后重复,需找一个代词指代前面提及的“学习中文的原因”。又因为此处表示泛指,故将that(特指前面的可数名词单数或不可数名词)排除。而this指代“这个”不合题意,可排除。it是指同类同物,也不合题意可排除。one表示泛指,是指同类不同物。故选A项。
6.A
【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意:你用消极的眼光看待事物,你会发现到处都是错误,而实际上根本没有什么问题。A.
none无,没有;B.
no
one没有人;C.
something某事;D.
nothing什么都没有。none暗示一种数量,即在数量上“一个也没有”。故选A。
7.B
【解析】考查it做形式宾语。句意:如果你能尽快给我一个回复,我会非常感激的。此处是固定句型:appreciate
it
if…,it在这里做形式宾语,真正的宾语是if
you
could
give
me
a
reply
as
soon
as
possible。故选B。
【点睛】
在英语中it可以指时间,地点,度量衡等,也可以做形式主语,形式宾语,或者引导强调句型。除了appreciate,还有like,hate,dislike等动词后面先接it再接从句,还有词组see
to,depend
on后面都是先接it再接从句。
8.A
【解析】考查it的用法。句意:已决定将2020年东京奥运会推迟到2021年。此处为it做形式主语,后文that从句为真正主语结构,句型It
has
been
decided
that…表示“已经决定了……”。故选A。
9.B
【解析】考查代词。句意:来自肯尼亚的交换生经常与我们分享他的国家和邻国的新闻。the
news为不可数名词,用that
来代指,不可以用the
one。故选B。
10.C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:--你怎么看待从书本上获得的信息?--比起来自于生活的,它更容易遗忘。分析句子结构可知,为了避免重复,本句中用指示代词that代指前文提到的the
information,information为不可数名词,不能用the
one
来指代。故选C。
11.D
【解析】考查代词。句意:这对老夫妇宁愿住在小城镇里,也不愿住在像重庆这样的大城市里。一般说来,it指代同类同物;one与that则指代同类异物,根据句意可知指代为可数名词,故用one,故选D。
12.C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:——我真笨,居然忘记自己的行李是什么样子的?——你认为那边那个是吗?
that特指上文出面的不可数名词或可数名词的单数。替代不可数名词时,不能用
the
one。故选C项。
13.C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:中国立法者开始考虑对国家食品安全法的一个提议修订本,其中包括了要在转基因食品上强制性的贴上标签。根据对句意的理解和分析可知后半个分句在句中起到对前句中的“食品安全法”解释说明的意思,one指代Food
Safety
Law做同位语,that在定语从句的做主语。故选C。
14.A
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:如果你用消极的眼光看待事物,你会发现到处都是错误,到处都是问题。A.
none没有任何东西;B.
some一些;C.
many许多;D.
nothing无事,无物。此处指没有问题的地方也有问题,故选A。
15.C
【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意:更多的海外学子回国为自己的祖国做出贡献,其中很多被报道已经接受过一流的教育。此题容易被误认为是非限制性定语从句。根据句意大量的人被报道,所以这里的reported
应该表示被动,是非谓语动词中过去分词表示被动。如果在reported
前面加一个are就是定语从句,a
large
proportion
of
are
reported
to
have
received
first-class
education.这时候就应该用whom。故本题选C。
16.C
【解析】考查复合不定代词。句意:你真了不起!我听说你创造了一项新的世界纪录。根据后文可知,“you”创造了一项新的世界纪录,something可表达“想来重要(或值得注意)的事物”含义,“be
something”意为“了不起”可用来表称赞。故选C项。
17.B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在你乘火车去的时候,一定要坐快车,快车只在大车站停。句中代词one代指?express,one替代由可数名词所表示的一类人或事物中的任何一个。且one为先行词,在定语从句中作主语,故用关系代词that引导定语从句。故选B。
18.C
【解析】考查代词的用法。句意:“2025中国制造”的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国,一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。one表示泛指,相当于“a(an)+名词”,代替的是同类事物中的“一个”;that表示特指,相当于“the+名词”;代词one=a/
an
+n,此处one=a
product-making
power;而________driven
by
innovation
and
emphasizes
quality
over
quantity中driven
by
只是一个非谓语短语(be
driven
by
被……驱使)作定语,因此不需要连词引导。所以排除A、
B。one表示泛指,相当于“the+名词”可以排除D。故选C。
19.C
【解析】考查代词。句意:“中国制造2025”旨在把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国,一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。分析句子结构可知,此处是a
world
manufacturing
power的同位语;?one表示泛指,相当于“a/an+名词”,代替的是同类事物中的“一个”,此处one=a
world
manufacturing
power;driven
by
innovation
and
emphasizes
quality
over
quantity只是一个过去分词词组,做的是定语,不需要连接词。the
one表特指,不符合语境。故选C。
20.C
【解析】考查固定句型。句意:他有钱而且很有胆量。难怪他很受女孩子欢迎。It
is
no
wonder
that意思是“难怪,怪不得”,是一个固定的常用句型。it
作形式主语。故选C。
【点睛】
“It+be+名词+that从句”是一个关于it的常用句型。用于该句型中的名词有:a
pity,a
shame,a
fact,an
honour,a
wonder,a
good
thing,good
news,no
wonder等。惯用句型有:
It
is
common
knowledge
that.......“……是常识”;It
is
a
surprise
that...“令人惊奇的是……”;
It
is
a
fact
that...“事实是……”等。本题考查的是It
is
no
wonder
that...“难怪……”这个句型。对于这些常用句型,同学们要多积累。
21.D
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:我不得不全买了这些书,因为我不知道哪一本是最好的。all所有的,指三个及三个以上都;A.
both两者都;
B.
none(三者或三者以上的)一个也没有;C.
neither两者都不;
D.
all三者或三者以上都。从题干中的最高级“the
best(最好的)”可分析出书应该有三本以上,句意为“不得不都买”,结合语境可知本句中指的是三个或者三个以上。故选D。
22.B
【解析】考查代词和介词词义辨析。句意:——我想知道你多久打扫一次自个的房间?——每隔一天。A.
In在某一点,在…之内;B.
Every每一,每个,每一次;C.
For关于,给,代表;D.
Each(两个或两个以上的人或物中)每个。every,每隔…,every
other
day每隔一天。故选B。
23.C
【解析】考查代词。句意:人们身着优雅的服装,这些服装都适合多元文化游行。逗号后为形容词独立结构作状语,独立结构中的逻辑主语为all
of
them所有服装,在of后要用代词宾格,them,故选C。
24.B
【解析】考查代词。句意:赞美就像人类精神的阳光;没有它,我们就不能开花和生长。分析句子可知,without后接宾语praise,用it代替。故选B项。
25.D
【解析】考查代词。句意:最开心的人的自传不会是对轰动或者刺激经历的记录,而是对简单平凡事件或者日常生活的记录。分析句子可知,but后面应该是和前半句a
record
of
sensational
or
exciting
experiences相对应的东西,用one
代指,A缺少代词,B选项缺少先行词,C选项应该为被动语态。故选D项。