Ⅰ.匹配词义
( )1.wrap
A．n.融洽相处，和谐
( )2.soil
B．n.庄稼，作物
( )3.harmony
C．n.土壤
( )4.harm
D．v.伤害，损害
( )5.crop
E．n.包，裹
( )6.feed
on
F．远到
( )7.pass
down
G．把……传下去
( )8.prevent...from
doing
sth.
H．再一次
( )9.as
far
as
I．以……为食
( )10.once
again
J．防止……做某事
[答案] 1－5 ECADB 6－10 IGJFH
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．sheet
n.
(冰或水等的)一大片
2．region
n.
地区，区域
3．therefore
adv.
因此，由此
4．shallow
adj.
浅的
5．prevent
v.
阻挡，防止
6．design
v.
设计
7．agriculture
n.
农业
8．frost
n.
霜
9．dynasty
n.
朝代
10．completion
n.
完成，结束
Ⅰ.语境填词
region，design，harm，therefore，crop，shallow，steep，sheet，soil，agriculture
1．The
design
of
the
room
was
in
the
fancy
style
popular
in
those
days.
2．Our
ship
stopped
in
shallow
water
and
we
had
to
wait.
3．Once
they
were
thrown
away，plastic
bags
will
exist
for
a
long
time
and
pollute
soil
and
water.
4．He
was
equipped
with
detailed
knowledge
and
therefore
was
chased
by
major
companies.
5．The
mountainous
region
in
the
northern
half
of
Scotland
is
called
the
Svottish
Highlands.
6．The
road
was
covered
with
a
sheet
of
ice，so
be
careful
while
going
to
school.
7．Whatever
you
do
should
do
no
harm
to
others.
8．Scientific
farming
is
the
key
to
the
further
development
of
agriculture.
9．Who
would
have
expected
that
he
could
climb
up
that
steep
mountain?
10．Too
much
rain
results
in
the
poor
crop.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Modernization
is
the
key
to
speeding
up
our
agricultural
(agriculture)
development.
2．The
accident
happened
on
a
cold
frosty
(frost)
morning.
3．Prevention
(prevent)
is
better
than
cure，so
start
looking
after
your
heart
now.
4．The
project
is
taking
a
long
time
but
is
now
nearing
completion(complete)．
5．The
Mid?Autumn
Festival
is
significant(significance)
because
it
is
a
special
occasion
for
family
reunion.
6．Only
in
this
way
can
we
protect
our
environment
and
build
a
harmonious
(harmony)society.
7．An
expert
working
for
the
environment
will
give
a
lecture
on
the
causes
and
harmful(harm)
effects
of
global
warming.
1．Summer
sees
the
mountains
turn
bright
green
with
growing
rice.
随着水稻的生长，夏天见证了群山变得翠绿。
2．Secondly，although
the
region
has
plenty
of
rain，the
mountains
are
steep
and
the
soil
is
shallow.
其次，尽管该地区雨水充沛，但山势陡峭，土层很薄。
3．The
flat
terraces
catch
the
rainwater
and
prevent
the
soil
from
being
washed
away.
平坦的梯田可以收集雨水，防止土壤被冲走。
名师圈点
①imagine
v．想象；设想
imagination
n．想象力；想象
imaginary
adj.
想象中的；幻想的；虚构的
②sheet
n．一大片(覆盖物)；床单，被单；一张通常指标准尺寸的(纸)
③frost
n．霜；严寒天气；霜冻
④dynasty
n．朝代
Yuan
Dynasty
元朝
Tang
Dynasty唐朝
⑤completion
n．完成，结束
complete
adj.完全的；彻底的
completely
adv.完全地，全部地；彻底地
⑥go
to
so
much
trouble
to
do
sth./of
doing
sth.费尽周折做某事；不辞辛苦做某事
⑦region
n.
地区；区域
⑧therefore
adv.因此，由此
⑨steep
adj.陡的，陡峭的
⑩soil
n．土壤
?shallow
adj.浅的；肤浅的，浅薄的
?catch
v．熟词生义：接(落下的液体)
?prevent
v．阻挡，防止
?significant
adj.重要的；影响深远的
?in
harmony
with与……协调一致/和谐
harmony
n.
融洽，和谐
harmonious
adj.
(关系)友好和睦的，和谐的；协调的
?design
v.
设计；制订
n．设计；布局；安排
?waterway
n．水路；航道
?heat
v．加热；(使)变热；(使)变暖
n．热；温度；炎热天气
?vapour
n.
蒸汽
?feed
on(动物)以……为食
harm
v．伤害，损害
n．[U]伤害，损害
crop
n．庄稼，作物。此时常用复数形式。
tradition
n．传统；传统的信仰(或风俗)
traditional
adj.传统的；习俗的；惯例的
generation
n．一代人
agriculture
n.
农业
agricultural
adj.(与)农业(有关)的
maintain
v．维持，保持；维修；保养
attract
v．吸引；引起……的兴趣
admire
v．欣赏，观赏；钦佩；仰慕
文化采风
梯田是在丘陵山坡地上沿等高线方向修筑的条状阶梯式或波浪式断面的田地，是治理坡耕地水土流失的有效措施，蓄水、保土、增产作用十分显著。梯田的通风透光条件较好，有利于作物生长和营养物质的积累。
中国梯田主要分布在江南
山岭地区，其中广西、云南居多，这是因为这些地方雨水比较多，又多山，梯田依山而建。其中以云南哀牢山和广西龙胜龙脊梯田较为出名。龙胜龙脊梯田已成为广西的著名风景区。整个龙脊梯田景区山清水秀，瀑布成群，春如层层银带，夏滚道道绿波，秋叠座座金塔，冬似群龙戏水，四季各有神韵。
课本呈现
Longji
Rice
Terraces
1．Imagine①
mountains
wrapped
in
silver
water【1】，shining
in
the
spring
sun【2】．Summer
sees
the
mountains
turn
bright
green
with
growing
rice.【3】During
autumn，these
same
mountains
are
gold，and
in
winter
they
are
covered
in
sheets②
of
white
frost③.These
are
the
colours
of
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces.
【1】
wrapped
in
silver
water为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰mountains。
【2】shining
in
the
spring
sun为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
【3】本句中Summer为无生命名词作主语。
2．These
terraces
were
built
by
the
local
Zhuang
and
Yao
people，to
whom
Guangxi
is
home
【4】．Starting
in
the
Yuan
Dynasty④，work
on
the
terraces
took
hundreds
of
years，until
its
completion⑤
in
the
early
Qing
Dynasty.Reaching
as
far
as
the
eye
can
see
【5】，these
terraces
cover
tall
mountains，often
from
the
bottom
to
the
very
top.
【4】to...home为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰the
local
Zhuang
and
Yao
people。
【5】Reaching...see为现在分词短语作方式状语。其中as
far...see为as...as
sb./sth.can/could结构。
3．So
why
did
these
people
go
to
so
much
trouble
to
turn⑥
the
entire
mountains
into
terraces?
Firstly，there
are
few
large，flat
areas
of
land
in
the
region⑦.Building
the
terraces
therefore⑧
meant
that
they
could
increase
the
areas
in
which
they
could
grow
rice.【6】
Secondly，although
the
region
has
plenty
of
rain【7】，the
mountains
are
steep⑨
and
the
soil⑩
is
shallow?.The
flat
terraces
catch?
the
rainwater
and
prevent?
the
soil
from
being
washed
away.
【6】本句为复合句。其中Building
the
terraces为v.?ing形式作主语；that...rice为that引导的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中又包含一个“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句in
which...rice，修饰
the
areas。
【7】although...rain为although引导的让步状语从句。
4．But
perhaps
what
is
most
significant?
【8】is
the
way
in
which
people
have
worked
in
harmony
with?
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.The
terraces
are
cleverly
designed?，with
hundreds
of
waterways?
that
connect
with
each
other.During
the
rainy
season，it
is
along
these
waterways
that
rainwater
moves
down
the
mountains
and
into
the
terraces.【9】The
sun
heats?
the
water
and
turns
it
into
vapour?.This
forms
clouds
from
which
rain
falls
down
onto
the
mountain
terraces
once
again.These
terraces
also
provide
a
perfect
environment
for
birds
and
fish，some
of
which
feed
on?
insects
that
can
harm
the
rice
crops.
【8】
what...significant为what引导的主语从句，其中what在从句中作主语。
【9】it
is...terraces为强调句型，强调的是along
these
waterways。
5．Although
modern
technology
could
help
produce
more
crops，these
terraces
still
mean
a
lot
to
the
local
people
for
whom
traditions
hold
much
value.This
knowledge
is
passed
down
through
families，which
means
that
new
generations
continue
to
use
ancient
methods
of
agriculture
to
maintain
the
terraces.Today，the
Longji
Rice
Terraces
attract
thousands
of
visitors
who
come
to
admirethis
great
wonder
created
by
people
and
nature
working
together.
译文参考
龙脊梯田
1．想象一下：春日，群山被银白色的水田包裹，在阳光下闪闪发光；盛夏，佳禾吐绿，将群山染成一片青翠；秋天，满山金黄；而隆冬，它们又披上了雪白的冰霜毛毯；所有这些汇集成龙脊梯田的绚丽色彩。
2．这些梯田是由当地的壮族和瑶族人民开辟的，广西就是他们的故乡。梯田的开辟从元朝开始，直到清朝初年才得以完成，历时数百年。极目远眺，梯田包裹着巍峨的高山，往往从山脚一直盘绕到山顶。
3．那么，这些人为什么要费尽周折地把群山变成梯田呢？首先，这个地区几乎没有大片平地。因此，建造梯田意味着他们能够增加可以种植水稻的面积。其次，尽管该地区雨水充沛，但山势陡峭，土层很薄。平坦的梯田可以收集雨水，防止土壤被冲走。
4．但也许最有意义的是人们用与自然和谐相处的方式建造了这些梯田来种植水稻。梯田设计巧妙，数百条水道相互连接。在雨季，从山上淌下来的雨水就是沿着这些水道流入梯田的。太阳把雨水晒热并把它变成水汽，这就
形成了积雨云，雨又降到山上的梯田里。这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境，它们中的一些以损害水稻的昆虫为食。
5．虽然现代技术可以帮助生产更多的农作物，但这些梯田对当
地人来说仍旧意义重大，他们是把传统看得很重要的人。这一知识通过家族传承下来，这意味着新生的一代代人继续使用古老的农耕方法来维持梯田。今天，龙脊水稻梯田
吸引着成千上万的游客来欣赏这由人类和自然共同创造的伟大奇迹。
7/71．complete
v.
完成→completion
n．完成，结束
2．prevent
v．阻挡，防止→prevention
n.
预防，防范
3．harmony
n.
融洽相处，和谐→harmonious
adj.
融洽的，和谐的
4．agriculture
n.
农业→agricultural
adj.农业的；农艺的
5．design
v.
设计→designer
n．设计者，设计师
6．harm
v.
伤害，损害→harmful
adj.有害的→harmless
adj.无害的
sheet
n．床单，被单；
一张(通常指标准尺寸的纸)；一大片(覆盖物)
①The
road
was
covered
with
a
sheet
of
ice.
一大片
②Have
you
changed
the
sheets?
床单
③Please
hand
me
a
blank
sheet
of
paper，will
you？
一张
Words
And
Phrases
知识要点1 prevent
vt.防止；阻止
(教材原句P63) The
flat
terraces
catch
the
rainwater
and
prevent
the
soil
from
being
washed
away.
平坦的梯田可以收集雨水，防止土壤被冲走。
[例1]
The
accident
could
have
been
prevented.这次事故本来是可以防止的。
[例2] Bad
weather
prevented
me
from
starting.
恶劣的天气使我不能动身。
[翻译] 昨天晚上是什么事使你不能和我们在一起？
What
prevented
you
(from)
joining
us
last
night?
[知识拓展]
(1)prevent...(from)doing
sth.
阻止……做某事
(2)与“prevent...(from)doing
sth.”意义相近的短语还有：stop...(from)
doing
sth.keep...from
doing
sth.
(3)以上短语用于主动语态时，“prevent...from
doing
sth.”与“stop...from
doing
sth.”中的from可省略，而“keep...from
doing
sth.”中的from不能省略。“keep...doing”意为“让……一直做某事”。所以用于被动语态时，这三个短语中的from都不能省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Social
phobia(社交恐惧症)prevents
people
making(make)
the
normal，everyday
mistakes
that
may
help
them
improve
their
skills
even
further.
②Social
attention
should
be
paid
to
preventing
our earth from
being
polluted
(pollute)．
③Actually，there
are
grammatical
mistakes
made
by
students
that
keep
them
from
writing
good
compositions.
知识要点2 in
harmony
with与……和谐相处
(教材原句P63) But
perhaps
what
is
most
significant
is
the
way
in
which
people
have
worked
in
harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.
但也许最有意义的是人们用与自然和谐相处的方式建造了这些梯田来种植水稻。
[例1] We
are
aware
that
we
should
live
in
harmony
with
nature.
我们意识到我们应该和自然和谐相处。
[例2] In
this
peaceful
land，people
live
in
perfect
harmony
with
nature，far
away
from
the
noise
and
worry
of
the
outside
world.
在这片宁静的土地上，人们和大自然和谐相处，远离外界的喧闹和烦恼。
[翻译] 这两个企业必须和衷共济。
Here
are
two
industries
that
must
be
in
harmony
with
one
another.
[知识拓展]
(1)sense
of
harmony
和谐感
out
of
harmony
with
与……不和谐
(2)harmonious
adj.
和谐的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Devoted
to
keeping
a
lasting
peace，we
must
live
in
harmony
with
one
another.
②The
piano
was
out
of
harmony
with
the
rest
of
the
instruments.
③We
are
trying
to
form
a
harmonious
(harmony)
society
to
meet
people's
needs.
[小片段填空]
People's
life
here
is
full
of
harmony
and
at
the
same
time，human
and
nature
make
a
harmonious
picture.(harmony)
知识要点3 design
vt.设计，构思；计划；意欲n.设计；设计方案；装饰图案；打算
(教材原句P63) The
terraces
are
cleverly
designed，with
hundreds
of
waterways
that
connect
with
each
other.梯田设计巧妙，数百条水道相互连接。
[例1]
Our
school
invited
two
engineers
to
design
a
language
lab
for
us.
我们学校邀请了两位工程师为我们设计了一个语言实验室。
[例2] A
project
about
protecting
the
natural
resources
is
being
designed.
正在设计一个保护自然资源的项目。
[翻译] 这两个城市之间的一条新公路正在设计中。
A
new
highway
between
the
two
cities
is
being
designed
at
present.
[知识拓展]
(1)designs
sth.for
sb./sth.
为某人/某物设计某物
be
designed
for...
为……而设计
be
designed
to
do...
意欲做……，目的是……
(2)by
design
故意地
(3)designer
n.
设计者；构思者
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
programme
is
designed
to
help
(help)
people
who
have
been
out
of
work
for
a
long
time.
②Many
public
places
have
toilets
which
are
designed
for
the
disabled.
③We
shall
never
know
whether
this
happened
by
accident
or
by
design.
[小片段填空]
I
like
the
design
of
the
suit，which
was
designed
by
a
famous
designer.She
graduated
from
a
school
of
fashion
design
and
the
school
is
designed
to
attract
talented
people
who
are
interested
in
fashion.(design)
知识要点4 harm
vt.&
n．[U]伤害，损害
(教材原句P63) These
terraces
also
provide
a
perfect
environment
for
birds
and
fish，some
of
which
feed
on
insects
that
can
harm
the
rice
crops.
这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了一个完美的环境，它们中的一些以损害水稻的昆虫为食。
[例1] Smoking
a
lot
of
cigarettes
can
harm
one's
health
and
even
may
kill
people
over
a
long
period
of
time.
长期大量吸烟会危害身体健康，甚至可能导致死亡。
[例2] What
he
did
did
harm
to
his
image.他的所作所为的确损害了他的形象。
[翻译] 他说几种因素凑在一起，伤害了他们的友谊。
He
said
that
several
factors
had
combined
to
harm
their
friendship.
[知识拓展]
(1)do
sb./sth.harm＝do
harm
to
sb./sth.
There
is
no
harm
in
doing
sth
做某事无害
(2)harmful
adj.
有害的
be
harmful
to
sb./sth.
对某人/某物有害
(3)harmless
adj.
无害的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①According
to
the
study，using
cell
phones
too
often
does
harm
to
your
health.
②Air
pollution
will
get
worse
and
this
will
be
harmful
(harm)
to
people
and
animals.
③There
is
no
harm
in
saying
(say)
sorry
to
her
first.
Sentence
Patterns
重点句式1 无生命名词＋see＋宾语(＋宾语补足语)
(教材原句P62) Summer
sees
the
mountains
turn
bright
green
with
growing
rice.
盛夏，佳禾吐绿，将群山染成一片青翠
句式分析：句中无生命的名词summer作主语，see在此处意为“见证；目睹”是一种拟人的用法。
[例1] Dusk
saw
the
little
boy
wandering
in
the
street.黄昏时，这个小男孩在街上闲逛。
[例2] The
city
has
seen
many
changes.
这座城市经历了很多变化。
[造句] 这棵古树见证了人们生活水平的提高。
The
old
tree
has
seen
the
improvement
of
people's
living
standard.
[知识拓展]
无生命名词作主语see，find，witness等词前用表示时间、地点或其他无生命的名词作主语，用来增添语言色彩，意为“?在某段时期或某地?发生?某情况?，经历或经受了某事”。
[翻译] ①20世纪60
年代，钱钟书的著作《围城》第一次有了英译本。
The
1960s
witnessed
the
first
translation
into
English
of
the
famous
work
Fortress
Besieged
written
by
Qian
Zhongshu.
②黄昏时，一个小女孩在街上哭。
The
dusk
found
a
little
girl
crying
in
the
street.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
twentieth
century
witnessed
(witness)two
world
wars.
②The
old
temple
has
seen
(see)
great
changes
of
the
village
in
the
past
two
hundred
years.
重点句式2 what引导主语从句
(教材原句P63) But
perhaps
what
is
most
significant
is
the
way
in
which
people
have
worked
in
harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.
但也许最重要的是人们用与自然和谐相处的方式创造了这些梯田来种植水稻。
句式分析：句中what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。
[例1] What
was
most
important
to
her，she
told
me，was
her
family.
她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。
[例2] What
made
people
excited
was
that
the
solar
ship
had
completed
around?the?world
trip.
让人们激动的是太阳能船已完成了环游世界的旅行。
[造句] 他说的话已被录音。
What
he
said
has
been
recorded.
[知识拓展]
从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数，但what引导的主语从句意义上表示复数或what从句有两个?以上?动词，是表示复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词也用复数。
[翻译] ①我说什么想什么都与你无关。
What
I
say
and
think
are
none
of
your
business.
②这所学校最需要的是书。
What
the
school
needs
most
are
books.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What
surprises
me
most
is
that
he
is
too
proud.
②What
he
needs
most
is
(be)money.
教材
高考
1.The
flat
terraces
catch
the
rainwater
and
prevent
the
soil
from
being
washed
away.
(2019·北京卷)We
are
finally
waking
up
to
the
severity
of
the
problem
by
supporting
and
developing
a
group
of
tools， apps
and
approaches
intended
to
prevent
scammers
from
getting
through.
2.But
perhaps
what
is
most
significant
is
the
way
in
which
people
have
worked
in
harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.
(2015·福建卷)Human
life
is
regarded
as
part
of
nature
and，as
such，the
only
way
for
us
to
survive
is
to
live
in
harmony
with
nature.
3.The
terraces
are
cleverly
designed，with
hundreds
of
waterways
that
connect
with
each
other.
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
HUNCH
is
designed
to
connect
high
school
classrooms
with
NASA
engineers.
4.These
terraces
also
provide
a
perfect
environment
for
birds
and
fish，some
of
which
feed
on
insects
that
can
harm
the
rice
crops.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
While
the
sun's
rays
can
age
and
harm
our
skin，they
also
give
us
beneficial
Vitamin
D.
5.But
perhaps
what
is
most
significant
is
the
way
in
which
people
have
worked
in
harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.
(2017
·天津卷)What
students
do
at
college
seems
to
matter
much
more
than
where
they
go.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Repair
work
is
scheduled
for
completion(complete)
in
April.
2．Spending
too
much
time
on
the
Internet
is
harmful(harm)
to
your
health.
3．However，this
reality
also
worried
my
designer
(design)．
4．I
hope
you
all
understand
the
significance
(significant)
of
this
contract.
5．The
artist
pay
more
attention
to
a
harmonious
(harmony)
combination
of
colours.
6．Though
what
you
are
doing
is
(be)
very
difficult，it
is
of
great
importance.
7．She
wrapped(wrap)
the
small
red
flag
around
her
hair
and
smiled
happily
to
me.
8．As
we
all
know，it
is
water
and
sunlight
that
develop
the
crops.
9．Cycling
is
actually
a
good
kind
of
exercise
and
therefore
I
go
cycling
with
my
friends
every
Sunday.
10．TV
shopping
is
attractive(attract)
because
you
can
buy
things
easily
without
going
out.
Ⅱ.短语填空
thousands
of，in
harmony
with，turn...into...，pass
down，wash
away，be
home
to，feed
on，as
far
as，once
again，prevent...from
1．We
are
taking
steps
to
prevent
air
from
being
polluted.
2．What
is
known
to
us
all
is
that
Australia
is
home
to
the
Kangaroo.
3．Sun
Wukong
can
turn
himself
into
different
animals
and
subjects.
4．I'll
call
him
once
again，but
then
we
have
to
leave.
5．They
come
out
only
at
night
and
feed
on
some
insects.
6．These
traditions
have
been
passed
down
from
one
generation
to
the
next.
7．Our
mission
is
to
find
ways
for
people
to
live
in
harmony
with
nature.
8．Floods
washed
much
of
the
topsoil
away.
9．I
don't
know
why
they
walked
as
far
as
the
river
last
night.
10．Every
year
thousands
of
lives
are
lost
in
road
accidents
because
of
careless
driving.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The
Longji
Rice
Terraces
1.were
built
(build)
by
the
local
Zhuang
and
Yao
People，to
whom
Guangxi
is
home.2.Starting(start)
in
the
Yuan
Dynasty，works
on
the
terraces
took
hundreds
of
years，until
3.its
(it)
completion
in
the
early
Qing
Dynasty.These
terraces
increase
the
areas
4.in
which
people
grow
rice.Besides，they
can
catch
the
rainwater
and
prevent
the
soil
from
5.being
washed(wash)away.But
perhaps
6.what
is
most
significant
is
the
way
in
which
people
7.have
worked
(work)
in
harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.Although
modern
technology
could
help
produce
more
8.crops(crop)，new
generations
continue
to
use
ancient
methods
of
agriculture
to
maintain
the
terraces.Today，the
Longji
Rice
Terraces
attract
thousands
of
9.visitors
(visit)
who
come
to
admire
this
great
wonder
created
by
people
10.and
nature
working
together.
8/8Ⅰ.匹配词义
( )1.beauty
A．v.(乘船)航行
( )2.sail
B．adj.令人愉快的
( )3.rent
C．n.美，美丽
( )4.pleasant
D．n.味，味道
( )5.flavour
E．v.租用，租借
( )6.reflect
on
F．也；还；既……又……
( )7.lead
to
G．对……有好处
( )8.be
good
for
H．思考
( )9.millions
of
I．导致；通往
( )10.as
well
as
J．数百万
[答案] 1－5 CAEBD 6－10 HIGJF
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．replace
v.
以……替换；更换
2．material
n.
材料
3．desert
n.
沙漠；荒漠
4．climate
n.
气候
5．inside
adv.
在(建筑物、房间)内
6．publish
v.
出版
7．expert
adj.
内行的，专家的
8．branch
n.
树枝
9．limited
adj.
有限的
10．benefit
n.
好处，益处
11．energy
n.
力量；活力
12．system
n.
系统
13．living
adj.
活的，活着的
14．narrow
adj.
狭窄的，不宽的
Ⅰ.语境填词
replace，expert，climate，structure，living，narrow，,inside，publish，system，pleasant
1．As
everybody
can
see，he
is
expert
at
driving.
2．Can
you
explain
the
structure
of
the
sentence
to
me?
I'm
confused.
3．A
narrow
steep
path
leads
down
into
a
valley
and
up
the
farside.
4．When
are
you
going
to
publish
this
work?
5．This
was
a
new
and
pleasant
day.
6．You
need
a
keyword
to
gain
access
to
the
computer
system.
7．You
must
ask
for
permission
before
taking
any
photos
inside
the
hall.
8．If
there
were
no
air
or
water，there
would
be
no
living
things
on
the
earth.
9．The
climate
here
doesn't
agree
with
him.So
he
often
falls
ill.
10．Do
you
think
it
is
possible
that
robots
will
replace
the
workers
in
the
workplace
in
the
future?
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．It
can
be
beneficial
(benefit)
to
share
your
feelings
with
someone
you
trust.
2．Last
weekend
we
went
to
the
beautiful(beauty)countryside
and
had
a
nice
day
there.
3．I
think
she
isn't
fit
for
the
job.For
a
start，she
is
limited
(limit)
to
lack
of
technical
knowledge，and
then
she
has
no
experience.
4．Take
more
exercise
and
have
enough
sleep，and
you
will
feel
relaxed
and
energetic(energy)．
5．It
was
pleasant(please)to
be
alone
at
home
again.
1．Today，millions
of
Brits
like
to
say
that
they
have
“green
fingers”，with
around
half
the
population
spending
their
free
time
gardening.
数以百万计的英国人喜欢说他们有高超的种植技能，约有一半的英国人都把空闲时间用在打理花园上。
2．Expert
gardeners
know
just
the
right
corner
for
roses，and
others
spend
hours
trying
to
grow
perfect
vegetables
to
enter
into
competitions.
专业的园丁知道在合适的角落种玫瑰；另一些人花很长时间试图种出最好的蔬菜来报名参加比赛。
3．And
while
many
Brits
like
nothing
better
than
spending
their
Sunday
cutting
the
grass，some
are
happy
just
to
sit
under
the
branches
of
the
trees
and
enjoy
the
beauty
of
the
world
around
them.
许多英国人最喜欢周日除草，而也有些人只要能坐在树下享受周围世界的美丽就心满意足了。
3/3定语从句(Ⅲ)
一、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
[观察例句]
Do
you
remember
the
day
on
which
you
joined
our
club？还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
In
the
dark
street，there
wasn't
a
single
person
to
whom
she
could
turn
for
help.
在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。
[归纳用法]
在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只可用whom或which，不可用that。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
1．The
university
in
which
my
brother
once
studied
is
very
famous.
2．This
is
the
man
from
whom
I
learned
a
lot
in
my
life.
3．September
30th
is
the
day
by
which
you
must
pay
your
bill.
4．Here
comes
Tom，for
whom
I
have
been
waiting
an
hour
or
so.
5．This
is
the
school
of
which
we
are
greatly
proud.
二、关系代词前介词的选用
[观察例句]
This
is
the
house
in
which
the
inventor
lived.
这就是那位发明家住过的房子。
He
is
a
person
of
whom
everyone
has
heard.
他是一个大家都听说过的人。
He
has
a
book
in
his
hand
the
cover
of
which
is
missing.
他手拿一本缺了封面的书。
There
are
sixty
students
in
our
class，twenty
of
whom
are
girls.
我们班有六十名学生，其中二十名是女生。
The
factory
produces
half
a
million
pairs
of
shoes
every
year,80%
of
which
are
sold
abroad.
这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋子，其中的80%销往国外。
There
are
two
rooms，the
smaller
of
which
is
my
study
room.
有两个房间，较小的那个是我的书房。
[归纳用法]
介词的选择可以总结为：“一先、二动、三意义、四特殊”。
1．一先，即先看先行词，从先行词入手。介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配。(比如先行词表示时间，常和on，in，by搭配；表示地点，常与on，in，at搭配；表示原因，与for搭配；表示方式，常与in，by，with搭配)
2．二动，即看从句中的谓语动词。根据从句中谓语动词与介词的固定搭配选择合适的介词。
3．三意义：通过判断主句表达的全部意义来确定合适的介词。
4．四特殊：介词of
常用于表示部分与整体的关系或所属关系。
表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词neither，either，some，any等数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词＋名词；the＋最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many，most，few，several，enough，half，a
quarter。
[名师点津]
像listen
to，look
at，depend
on，pay
attention
to，take
care
of等固定动词短语，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开，关系代词除用whom或which外，也可以用who或that。
This
is
the
person
whom/who/that
you
are
looking
for.
这就是你在找的那个人。
[即时训练2] 介词填空
1．The
English
play
in
which
my
students
acted
at
the
New
Year's
party
was
a
great
success.
2．Who
is
the
man
with
whom
our
teacher
is
shaking
hands?
3．Some
experts
think
reading
is
the
fundamental
skill
upon/on
which
school
education
depends.
4．In
the
office
I
never
seem
to
have
time
until
after
5：30
p．m.by
which
many
have
got
home.
5．Two
girls
came
to
see
the
car，neither
of
whom
likes
it.
Ⅰ.用“介词＋关系代词”填空
1．Wind
power
is
an
ancient
source
of
energy
to
which
we
may
return
in
the
near
future.
2．The
newly?built
café，the
walls
of
which
are
painted
light
green，is
really
a
peaceful
place
for
us，specially
after
hard
work.
3．This
is
the
teacher
from
whom
I've
learnt
a
lot.
4．Gun
control
is
a
subject
about
which
Americans
have
argued
for
a
long
time.
5．The
policeman
with
whom
Mr.Henry
is
talking
is
a
friend
of
mine.
6．He
built
a
telescope
through
which
he
could
study
the
stars.
7．My
father
is
the
first
person
to
whom
I
will
turn
for
help
when
I
meet
difficulties.
8．Is
she
the
girl
from
whom
you
borrowed
the
dress
yesterday
evening?
9．I
will
never
forget
the
day
on
which
I
was
admitted
to
a
famous
university.
10．Would
you
be
kind
enough
to
help
the
boy
for
whom
Chinese
is
really
hard
to
learn?
Ⅱ.用“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句完成句子
1．学生们应该积极参加那些能够让他们获得社会经验的社区活动。
Students
should
take
an
active
part
in
the
community
activities
from
which
they
can
gain
social
experience.
2．这就是救了我儿子的警察。
This
is
the
policeman
by
whom
my
son
was
saved.
3．这是我两年前住过的房子。
This
is
the
house
in
which
I
lived
two
years
ago.
4．在我的第一堂化学课上，我知道了这个事实：这种无色气体被称作氧气，没有它我们无法生存。
In
my
first
chemistry
class
I
knew
the
fact
that
this
kind
of
colorless
gas
is
called
oxygen，without
which
we
can't
live.
5．历史是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。
History
is
the
subject
in
our
school
in
which
every
student
is
interested.
Ⅲ.语法填空
This
is
the
River
Thames.It
is
almost
346
kilometres
long，and
is
the
second
1.
(long)
river
in
Great
Britain.It
flows
through
London，and
it's
this
part
of
the
river
2.
most
tourists
see.
But
there's
more
to
the
Thames
than
a
trip
down
the
river.The
Romans
3.
(build)
a
settlement
on
the
River
Thames，and
over
the
4.
(century)
it
grew
into
the
City
of
London，with
5.
huge
port.Ships
from
around
the
world
brought
food，goods
and
people
6.
the
capital.
But
by
the
1980s，most
of
the
docks
had
closed
and
the
area
became
run?down.A
lot
of
money
has
been
invested
in
this
huge
riverside
area.And
today
it
is
7.
(know)
as
“Docklands”．The
old
waterhouses
are
now
8.
(attract)
apartments.There
are
new
office
buildings，shopping
centres
and
leisure
facilities，too.People
live
and
work
by
the
river
9.
(happy)．
People
also
enjoy
10.
(live)
on
the
water!
This
is
a
houseboat
on
the
Thames.
【语篇解读】 泰晤士河长近346公里，是英国第二长河。起初罗马人在泰晤士河畔建造了一个定居点，几个世纪后它发展成为伦敦市。
1．longest [考查形容词的比较等级。句意：它的长度将近346公里，是英国第二长河。根据句意可知此处应用最高级。]
2．that/which [考查定语从句。先行词为river，定语从句中关系代词作see的宾语，因此用that或which。]
3．built [考查动词的时态。句意：罗马人在泰晤士河上建造了一个定居点。根据句意可知此处叙述过去发生的动作，因此用一般过去时。]
4．centuries [考查名词的复数形式。句意：在几个世纪期间，它发展成伦敦市。century为可数名词，根据句意可知应用复数形式。]
5．a [考查冠词。伦敦有一个巨大的港口。此处表示“数量一”的概念，且huge的第一个音素是辅音，因此用不定冠词a。]
6．to [考查介词。句意：来自世界各地的轮船为首都带来了食物、商品和人员。bring...to...把……带到……。]
7．known [考查非谓语动词。be
known
as作为……而出名。]
8．attractive [考查词性转换。此处作定语修饰名词apartments，故用形容词形式。]
9．happily [考查词性转换。句意：人们快乐地在河边生活和工作着。此处作状语，应用副词形式。]
10．living [考查非谓语动词。enjoy
doing
sth.喜欢做某事。]
5/5名言潮语We
won't
have
a
society
if
we
destroy
the
environment.—Maegaret
Mead如果我们毁坏了环境，社会也就不复存在。——玛格丽特·米德Only
to
obey
nature
in
order
to
overcome
nature.—Charles
Darwin要征服自然只能服从自然。——查尔斯·达尔文Nature
is
kind
of
a
loving
mother，but
also
a
butcher
in
cold
blood.—Victor
Hugo自然不仅是慈爱的母亲，也是冷血的屠夫。——维克多·雨果To
protect
our
homes，let
the
earth
is
full
of
green.保护我们的家园，让地球充满绿色。The
last
drop
of
humanity
will
be
tears
of
remorse
after
environmental
damage.人类的最后一滴水，将是环境破坏后悔恨的泪。
Nature
is
the
mother
of
mankind.We
get
almost
everything
from
her.We
live
on
natural
food.We
make
clothes
from
natural
materials.And
we
build
our
houses
of
stone
and
wood.However，with
the
development
of
human
beings，man
has
destroyed
the
balance
of
nature.Water，air
and
soil
have
been
badly
polluted.Some
kinds
of
animals
and
plants
have
died
out
completely.As
a
result，man
is
being
punished
by
nature.Many
people
suffer
a
lot
from
all
kinds
of
diseases
caused
by
pollution.Therefore
only
when
we
treat
nature
well
will
she
look
after
us.
美文欣赏The
Longji
Rice
Terraces
are
the
most
amazing
terraces
in
China!
Actually，the
Longji
Rice
Terraces
were
first
built
in
the
Yuan
Dynasty
and
completed
in
the
early
Qing
Dynasty
with
a
history
of
over
650
years.The
people
who
built
the
rice
terraces
were
Zhuang
and
Yao
people.They
would
never
have
thought
that
their
wisdom
and
hard
work
could
built
such
a
beautiful
and
amazing
view.The
Longji
Rice
Terraces
are
also
known
as
the
Dragon
Backbone
Rice
Terraces
by
foreign
tourists.Actually，agriculture
was
the
main
reason
why
the
terraces
were
built.After
all，at
that
time，rice
was
so
attractive
to
the
farmers
and
the
locals
aimed
to
make
good
use
of
the
land.The
Longji
Rice
Terraces
are
a
beautiful
natural
picture
and
are
worthy
of
being
visited
in
different
seasons.In
spring，after
irrigating
the
terraces，the
fields
are
shining
under
the
sun.The
Longji
Rice
Terraces
insummer
are
completely
covered
in
green.September
to
November
is
the
best
time
to
see
the
fall
colour.The
entire
mountain
area
is
in
the
golden
colour
of
fall.January
and
February
are
the
best
months
to
see
silvery
mountains.As
well
as
the
amazing
scenery，the
Longji
Rice
Terraces
are
also
the
area
to
experience
China's
ethnic
minorities'
culture.
[探索发现]1.Think
of
a
proper
title
for
the
passage.
2.Find
out
when
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces
were
first
built.
3.Find
out
the
main
idea
of
Paragraph
3.
[答案]
1．The
Longji
Rice
Terraces.
2．In
the
Yuan
Dynasty.
3．The
Longji
Rice
Terraces'
beautiful
scenery
in
four
seasons.
3/3课时分层作业(十六)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Smoking
and
alcohol
drinking
injure
one's
health
a
great
deal，and
therefore
(因此)should
be
given
up.
2．Flooding
is
likely
in
some
coastal
region
(地区)
of
the
northeast
during
the
early
part
of
the
week.
3．We
plant
trees
every
year
so
as
to
protect
the
soil
(土壤)
on
the
hill.
4．This
kind
of
stamp
is
designed
(设计)
by
some
students
who
are
learning
art
at
our
university.
5．You'd
better
practice
swimming
in
a
shallow
(浅的)pool.
6．Fish
and
chips，often
wrapped(包)
in
a
piece
of
paper，are
still
a
favourite
among
English
diners.
7．As
is
known
to
us
all，the
rare
vase
dates
back
to
the
Ming
Dynasty(朝代)．
8．A
healthy
soil
reduces
disease
and
helps
crops(作物)
grow
strong
and
healthy.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Spring
lifts
our
spirits.It's
a
time
for
Nature
to
bring
us
back
to
life
after
a
cold
season.I
live
not
far
from
the
Kairaku
Park，which
is
one
of
the
largest
gardens
in
Japan，and
famous
for
its
nearly
1,000
plum(梅子)trees.I
am
fortunate
to
have
them
all
outside
my
backyard(后院)，and
take
advantage
of
the
walking
paths
daily.
I
see
the
same
trees
and
swans(天鹅)every
day，but
that
day
was
different.At
the
edge
of
the
small
lake，I
saw
some
new?born
black
swans.They
were
pretty
and
cute.They
stayed
with
their
mom.While
taking
a
few
photos
of
the
sunset，I
was
interrupted(打断)by
a
high
sound
going
on
for
some
time.So，I
turned
around
and
saw
one
little
swan
was
stuck
by
two
stones.Its
mother
was
trying
to
make
it
out
but
failed.I
tried
to
get
near
but
the
mother
was
ever
so
angry!
She
wouldn't
allow
me
to
get
close，so
I
turned
to
an
old
man
sitting
on
the
bench.
He
helped
me
and
shooed
the
mother
away
with
an
effort.I
was
able
to
get
there
and
push
the
little
swan
out
of
the
gap.Oh，I
really
hoped
it
wasn't
injured，but
at
least
it
was
alive
and
swimming!
In
spring，I
become
more
physically
active.Things
around
don't
make
us，but
Nature
does，and
it
keeps
us
going.I
am
positive
that
all
of
us
have
a
little
piece
of
nature
in
our
own
neighborhoods；Somewhere
we
will
be
reminded
why
natural
life
is
so
important—because
we
grow
with
it!
Personally，I
am
happy
that
baby
birds
can
put
a
smile
on
my
face!
I
struggle
for
having
a
small
number
of
“things”
in
life，and
being
filled
with
simple
reality—at
one
with
Nature.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者居住在日本著名的Kairaku
Park
附近，她热爱大自然，有一天散步的时候救助了一只小天鹅。
1．What
can
we
know
about
the
author
from
Paragraph
1?
A．Her
favorite
season
is
spring.
B．She
enjoys
doing
outdoor
sports.
C．Her
backyard
is
filled
with
plum
trees.
D．She
is
satisfied
with
her
living
environment.
D [推理判断题。根据第一段“which
is
one
of
the
largest
gardens
...I
am
fortunate
to
have
them
...take
advantage
of
the
walking
paths
daily.”可推知，作者很满意自己的居住环境。]
2．What
does
the
underlined
part“shooed
the
mother
away”
in
Paragraph
3
mean?
A．Fed
the
mother.
B．Drove
away
the
mother.
C．Helped
the
mother
calm
down.
D．Pushed
the
mother
out
of
the
gap.
B [词义猜测题。根据第二段“I
tried
to
get
near
but
the
mother...so
I
turned
to
an
old
man
sitting
on
the
bench.”以及第三段“He
helped
me...I
was
able
to
get
there
and
push
the
little
swan
out
of
the
gap.”可知是老人把天鹅妈妈赶开了，作者才能过去把小天鹅推出缝隙。]
3．What
makes
us
more
physically
active
according
to
the
author?
A．Nature.
B．Kindness.
C．The
garden.
D．The
things
around.
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段“In
spring，I
become
more
physically
active.Things
around
don't
make
us，but
Nature
does...”可知，是自然使得作者更活跃。]
B
The
Lifecycle
of
a
T?shirt
We
all
probably
have
a
lot
of
T?shirts，but
do
you
ever
stop
and
think
about
the
influence
of
a
T?shirt
on
the
planet?
You'd
probably
be
surprised
to
learn
what's
involved
in
the
lifecycle
of
just
one
T?shirt.
There
are
5
major
stages：material，production，shipping，use
and
disposal.The
material
stage
involves
farming，irrigating，fertilizing，harvesting
and
ginning(轧花)．While
cotton
is
a
natural
fiber
(纤维)and
not
as
harmful
to
the
environment
as
manmade
fibers，it
still
takes
a
toll
in
the
material
and
production
stages.Commercial
cotton
farming
uses
a
large
amount
of
water，and
the
use
of
pesticides
(杀虫剂)is
widespread
across
the
globe，especially
in
cotton
farming.Studies
have
shown
that
farmers
spend
around
$4.1
billion
on
pesticides
annually，of
which
25%
was
spent
on
cotton
crops
in
the
US.
Once
the
cotton
is
grown
and
harvested，so
begins
the
production
stage：spinning，knitting(编织)，bleaching，dyeing，cutting，sewing，etc.—these
processes
also
use
a
great
deal
of
water
and
energy.Commercial
dyes
and
bleaches
are
harmful
pollutants
and
can
eventually
pollute
groundwater.
After
the
T?shirt
is
produced，it
enters
the
transportation
stage.This
often
involves
overseas
shipping.Take
a
look
in
your
closet.Chances
are
that
most
of
your
cotton
garments
(衣服)are
made
in
China
or
India.Garments
can
be
shipped
via
plane，ship
or
truck...，all
of
which
spill
CO2
into
the
atmosphere.Calculations
show
that
CO2
emissions
from
light
trucks
alone
amount
to
1.15
pounds
per
mile.
Once
the
T?shirt
reaches
the
retail
market，it
is
purchased.This
stage
may
seem
like
the
least
environmentally
damaging
part.But
consider
the
number
of
times
you've
washed
and
dried
your
favorite
T?shirt.Washing
machines
are
certainly
becoming
more
efficient.However，the
average
American
household
does
400
loads
of
laundry
per
year，using
about
40
gallons
of
water
per
load.Such
excessive
water
use
is
combined
with
the
large
amount
of
energy
used
by
dryers.
The
final
stage
of
its
life
is
disposal.This
releases
harmful
emissions，or
involves
a
landfill
where
cotton
takes
years
to
break
down.Current
US
records
show
that
an
estimated
15%
of
clothes
and
shoes
are
recycled，which
means
that
consumers
send
a
shocking
85%
of
these
materials
to
landfills.
We
all
need
new
clothes
every
once
in
a
while，but
let's
all
try
to
keep
in
mind
what
goes
into
the
production
of
clothing...It
has
a
real
impact
on
the
planet.
There
are
a
lot
of
things
you
can
do
to
help
reduce
your
impact.Reuse
and
recycle
clothes.If
they're
too
worn
out
to
wear，cut
them
up
and
use
them
as
cleaning
rags.Donate
them
to
charity
or
another
organization
that
recycles
textiles.When
possible，make
an
effort
to
buy
organic
cotton.Turn
down
the
thermostat(恒温器)
on
your
washer，and
line
dry
your
clothes
when
the
weather
will
allow
it.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍T恤从原材料生产到运输，再到使用以及处理的过程中对环境造成的危害，呼吁人们要从自身穿衣开始为环保做贡献。
4．The
underlined
phrase
“takes
a
toll”
probably
means
“
”
A．wastes
water
B．takes
a
lot
of
time
C．uses
energy
D．has
a
bad
effect
D [词义理解题。根据文章第二段开头可知，一件T恤要经历五个步骤：原材料，生产，运输，使用和处理，原材料的生产阶段又包括播种，灌溉，施肥，收获和轧棉这几步。再根据第三句“While
cotton
is
a
natural
fiber
(纤维)and
not
as
harmful
to
the
environment
as
manmade
fibers，it
still
takes
a
toll
in
the
material
and
production
stages.”可知，虽然棉花是自然纤维，不像人造纤维一样对环境有害。可知下面讲的是棉花对环境也有影响。]
5．We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
in
the
US，
.
A．pesticides
in
cotton
farming
cost
over
4
billion
dollars
every
year
B．CO2
emissions
of
land
transport
amount
to
1.15
pounds
per
mile
C．about
15%
of
the
clothes
and
shoes
are
made
of
materials
that
are
recycled
D．about
16,000
gallons
of
water
is
used
annually
by
an
average
family
on
laundry
D [细节理解题。根据第五段“However，the
average
American
household
does
400
loads
of
laundry
per
year，using
about
40
gallons
of
water
per
load.”可知，每年一个美国家庭平均要洗400次衣服，每次要用大约40加仑水，所以40×400＝16,000加仑。]
6．What
can
be
inferred
from
this
passage?
A．The
production
process
may
affect
water
safety.
B．The
clothing
cost
is
relatively
low
in
China
and
India.
C．Cotton
clothes
are
buried
because
they
are
hard
to
break
down.
D．The
use
stage
is
the
least
environmentally
harmful
of
the
five
stages.
A [推理判断题。根据文章第三段“...these
processes
also
use
a
great
deal
of
water
and
energy.Commercial
dyes
and
bleaches
are
harmful
pollutants
and
can
eventually
pollute
groundwater.”可知，生产过程费水费电。而印染原料和漂白剂是有害的污染物，会严重污染地下水。]
7．What
is
the
purpose
of
this
article?
A．To
encourage
people
to
donate
clothes
to
charity.
B．To
promote
eco?friendly
actions
related
to
clothes.
C．To
persuade
people
to
purchase
more
organic
cotton.
D．To
introduce
the
five
stages
in
the
lifecycle
of
clothing.
B [写作意图题。根据文章最后一段第一句“There
are
a
lot
of
things
you
can
do
to
help
reduce
your
impact.”可知，本文主旨是列举很多我们可以做的环保的事情。所以文章的写作意图是提高人们的环保意识，为环保做出自己的贡献。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
One
of
the
most
important
decisions
an
American
parent
has
to
make
is
where
to
place
his
or
her
child
into
school.It
is
the
second
most
important
decision
you
will
make
as
a
parent，apart
from
deciding
to
have
children
in
the
first
place.
1
So
parents
must
think
twice
before
making
a
choice.
2
Some
of
these
points
are
having
a
strong
teacher
and
child
relationship，ensuring
the
school
you
choose
is
skillful
in
Math
and
English
studies，and
picking
a
school
your
child
is
comfortable
with.
The
connection
between
a
child
and
a
teacher
is
more
important
than
any
course.Think
of
it
this
way：your
3
or
4?year?old
is
used
to
being
around
by
loving
people
like
parents
or
brothers
and
sisters
all
over
the
day，and
the
school
is
your
child's
first
time
to
spend
a
large
amount
of
his
day
away
from
those
people.
3
He
or
she
takes
pride
in
his
or
her
students'
progress，and
is
always
open
to
their
improvement.
English
and
Math
ability
is
the
key
to
a
successful
academic(学术的)career.
4
Pick
a
school
that
has
shown
a
perfect
history
of
student
academic
success
in
these
subjects.If
a
school
is
good
at
teaching
these
basic
skills，then
there
is
a
good
chance
that
your
child
will
benefit
from
it.
Another
thing
to
remember
is
the
children's
feelings.Children
are
more
perceptive
(感知的)
than
you
may
realize.They
hardly
have
the
ability
to
successfully
communicate
their
real
thoughts
to
adults.
5
A．It'
s
also
important
to
let
children
be
independent.
B．Schools
will
have
a
great
influence
on
children's
future.
C．Many
schools
spend
lots
of
energy
in
choosing
good
teachers.
D．Choosing
schools
is
a
very
personal
decision
that
is
based
on
many
points.
E．It
is
okay
to
ask
about
a
school's
success
rate
in
these
two
important
areas.
F．So
it's
necessary
to
look
for
a
preschool
teacher
who
is
good
with
students.
G．So
adults
should
ask
children
how
they
feel
about
the
school
and
listen
carefully.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国父母为孩子选择启蒙学校的标准。
1．B [此空设于段中，与下一句存在因果关系。该句阐述了选学校的重要性，下一句用so表明结果：家长在做选择时要三思而行。]
2．D [此空设于段首，是本段主题句。从后面的句子“Some
of
these
points
are...”可以看出，本段主要介绍了选学校时的依据，都是在对该主题句作具体的阐释。]
3．F [此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。首先，根据整段的内容可大概推知本句讲述的应该是找个好老师的重要性；其次，下一句对好老师的具体标准作了详细解释。由此可推知答案。]
4．E [此空设于段中，与上一句之间存在逻辑上的指代关系。该句中的“these
two
important
areas”指代的是上文中的“English
and
Math”。]
5．G [此空设于段尾，是一个总结句，跟本段的主题句首尾呼应，都在强调：我们要关注孩子的感受，聆听他们的想法。]
7/7速读P62－63教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．The
Longji
Rice
Terraces
are
covered
with
white
snow
in
winter.
( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not
mentioned.
2．The
local
Zhuang
and
Yao
people's
home
is
Yunnan.
( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．There
are
a
few
large
and
flat
areas
of
the
land
in
the
region.
( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．The
terraces
can
stop
the
soil
from
being
washed
away.
( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．The
ancient
methods
of
agriculture
are
still
used
and
passed
down
through
families
from
generation
to
generation.
( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BBBAA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．from
which
rain
falls
down
onto
the
mountain
terraces
once
again
B．Although
modern
technology
could
help
produce
more
crops
C．Reaching
as
far
as
the
eye
can
see
D．although
the
region
has
plenty
of
rain
E．Starting
in
the
Yuan
Dynasty
F．to
whom
Guangxi
is
home
1．The
terraces
were
built
by
the
local
Zhuang
and
Yao
people，
.
2．This
forms
clouds
.
3．
，these
terraces
still
mean
a
lot
to
the
local
people
for
whom
traditions
hold
much
value.
4．Secondly，
，the
mountains
are
steep
and
the
soil
is
shallow.
5．
，work
on
the
terraces
took
hundreds
of
years，until
its
completion
in
the
early
Qing
Dynasty.
6．
，these
terraces
cover
tall
mountains，often
from
the
bottom
to
the
very
top.
[答案] 1－6 FABDEC
Ⅲ.表格填空
The
colors
of
the
Longji
Terraces
·1.wrapped
in
silver
water，shining
in
the
spring
sun·turn
bright
green
with
2.growing
rice
in
summer·gold
in
autumn，3.covered
in
sheets
of
white
frost
in
winter
Built
by
the
local
Zhuang
and
Yao
people
·They
started
4.to
build
them
in
the
Yuan
Dynasty
and
finished
them
in
the
Qing
Dynasty.
Why
did
these
people
build
them
·There
are
5.few
large
and
flat
areas
of
land.·They
catch
the
rainwater
and
prevent
the
soil
from
6.being
washed
away.
The
significance
·People
have
worked
in
7.harmony
with
nature.·They
are
8.cleverly
designed
and
have
hundreds
of
waterways.
Keep
the
traditional
methods
·The
local
people
9.value
traditions.·The
methods
are
10.passed
down
from
one
generation
to
another.
细读P62－63教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1
A．People
have
worked
in
harmony
with
nature
to
make
these
terraces
and
grow
rice.
2．Para.2
B．The
rice
growers
value
ancient
methods
of
agriculture
and
these
methods
are
passed
down.
3．Para.3
C．The
local
Zhuang
and
Yao
people
built
these
terraces.
4．Para.4
D．Why
did
these
people
turn
entire
mountains
into
terraces?
5．Para.5
E．The
colors
of
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces
[答案] 1－5 ECDAB
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．How
many
years
did
people
take
to
build
these
terraces?
A．More
than
260.
B．More
than
700.
C．No
more
than
260.
D．Less
than
200.
2．Why
were
the
terraces
built?
A．To
get
more
areas
to
grow
rice.
B．To
wash
more
soils
to
flat
areas.
C．To
make
the
steep
land
more
flat.
D．To
make
the
shadow
soil
get
thick.
3．What's
the
most
critical
feature
of
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces?
A．It
provides
more
land
to
grow
rice.
B．It
can
prevent
soil
from
being
washed
away.
C．It
can
make
a
harmonious
relationship
between
people
and
nature.
D．It
keeps
the
traditional
style
of
ancient
terraces.
4．What
can
we
infer
about
the
terraces?
A．They
were
completed
with
the
help
of
modern
technology.
B．They
were
designed
to
stop
rainwater
from
moving
down.
C．They
are
used
to
provide
solutions
to
modern
agriculture.
D．They
are
used
to
be
the
attractions
to
tourists
nowadays.
5．What
can
you
infer
from
this
passage?
A．The
flat
terraces
catch
the
rainwater
and
stop
the
soil
from
being
washed
away.
B．The
new
generation
will
still
use
ancient
methods
to
maintain
the
terraces
in
the
years
to
come.
C．The
local
Zhuang
and
Yao
people
went
through
many
hardships
and
sufferings
to
build
the
terraces.
D．The
crops
on
the
terraces
are
never
be
harmed
by
insects.
[答案] 1－5 AACDB
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能(四)——提炼关键词
A．阅读下面的句子及所提练的关键词
1．Imagine
mountains
wrapped
in
silver
water，shining
in
the
spring
sun.Summer
sees
the
mountains
turn
bright
green
with
growing
rice.During
autumn，these
same
mountains
are
gold，and
in
winter
they
are
covered
in
sheets
of
white
frost.These
are
the
colours
of
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces.
关键词：the
colours
of
the
Longji
Rice
Terraces
2．Although
modern
technology
could
help
produce
more
crops，these
terraces
still
mean
a
lot
to
the
local
people
for
whom
traditions
hold
much
value.This
knowledge
is
passed
down
through
families，which
means
that
new
generations
continue
to
use
ancient
methods
of
agriculture
to
maintain
the
terraces.
关键词：terraces
mean
a
lot
to
the
local
people
B．阅读下列语句并提炼关键词
1．These
terraces
were
built
by
the
local
Zhuang
and
Yao
people,
to
whom
Guangxi
is
home.
Starting
in
the
Yuan
Dynasty,
work
on
the
terraces
took
hundreds
of
years,
until
its
completion
in
the
early
Qing
Dynasty.Reaching
as
far
as
the
eye
can
see,
these
terraces
cover
tall
mountains,
often
from
the
bottom
to
the
very
top.
work
on
the
terraces
took
hundreds
of
years
2．So
why
did
these
people
go
to
so
much
trouble
to
turn
the
entire
mountains
into
terraces?
Firstly,
there
are
few
large,
flat
areas
of
land
in
the
region.
Building
the
terraces
therefore
meant
that
they
could
increase
the
areas
in
which
they
could
grow
rice.
Secondly,
although
the
region
has
plenty
of
rain,
the
mountains
are
steep
and
the
soil
is
shallow.
The
flat
terraces
catch
the
rainwater
and
prevent
the
soil
from
being
washed
away.
terraces
increase
areas，catch
the
rainwater
and
prevent
the
soil
from
being
washed
away
5/5课时分层作业(十七)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We
settled
down
in
a
small
village
in
front
of
which
ran
a
winding
river.
2．She
has
three
sons，all
of
whom
are
abroad
now.
3．He
has
two
sisters，both
of
whom
are
teachers.
4．The
school
in
which
he
once
studied
lies
in
the
east
of
the
town.
5．Do
you
remember
the
days
on
which
we
played
together?
6．This
is
the
man
with
whom
I
have
worked
together
for
twenty
years.
7．The
plan
to
which
most
people
present
didn't
agree
was
called
off.
8．The
football
team
has
15
members，the
oldest
of
whom
is
25
years
old.
9．They
do
experiments
in
a
lab
the
windows
of
which
face
south.
10．Wang
Hong，with
whom
I
went
to
the
concert，enjoyed
herself
very
much.
Ⅱ.完形填空
It
happened
that
I
was
waiting
for
a
rickshaw
(人力车)，in
Bombay，India.However，none
of
them
were
willing
to
pick
me
up
because
I
didn't
want
to
pay
too
much.So
I
started
1
when
I
saw
a
rickshaw
and
stopped
him.When
I
asked
him
if
he
could
2
me
and
told
him
the
price
would
offer，to
my
surprise，he
joyfully
agreed.
I
got
onto
his
rickshaw
and
our
3
started.“Why
did
these
rickshaw
pullers
say‘no’when
I
offered
the
4
money？”
His
immediate
answer
was
in
English，“Madam，this's
what
I
5
about
these
rickshaw
fellows(伙伴)．These
guys
are
6
and
they
think
foreigners
are
all
rich
and
ask
for
much
more.”
Hearing
his
words，I
was
7
how
this
old
man，just
a
rickshaw
puller
spoke
so
8
English.When
I
was
thinking
about
it，what
he
said
moved
me.“I
was
a
BSC
graduate
in
1975
and
later
I
became
a
9
in
a
middle
school.Standing
before
the
blackboard，my
youth
was
gone
and
my
hair
turned
white.Now
my
pulling
my
rickshaw
isn't
for
money，but
for
keeping
my
body
working
10
after
retirement
and
I
don't
want
to
do
nothing
though
I
am
63.”
I
listened
to
him
earnestly(认真的)
and
he
11
，“I
managed
to
make
my
kids
receive
good
education，which
has
helped
them
choose
their
12
and
go
far.My
son
is
an
IAS
officer
and
my
daughter
is
a
professor
in
a
famous
college.I
pull
the
rickshaw
just
for
3－4
hours
in
the
morning
or
afternoon
and
the
rest
of
the
time
I
13
young
students
for
free.My
major
focus
is
to
help
them
know
how
important
14
is
for
the
future
and
becoming
a
good
human
being.”
From
this
experience，I
really
realize
although
money
may
come
and
go
in
hand，education
and
knowledge
will
stay
forever
and
help
us
make
a
big
15
in
our
lives.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在印度时，一个人力车拉她去了目的地。在与车夫的交谈中，车夫重视教育的言论深深感动了她，使她更加认识到教育与知识的重要性。
1．A.waiting
B．researching
C．eating
D．walking
D [由上文可知，没人愿意载作者，可推知作者只好开始步行(walk)。]
2．A.carry
B．introduce
C．find
D．join
A [由上文可知，作者是在找人力车，所以这里她应该是询问那个车夫能否载(carry)她。]
3．A.comment
B．business
C．goal
D．conversation
D [根据前后文可知作者上了那人的人力车，他们的谈话(
conversation)开始了。]
4．A.usual
B．same
C．right
D．little
B [由语境可知，作者应该是在问：“以同样(
same)的价格，为什么那些车夫不同意载我？”]
5．A.worry
B．forget
C．hate
D．care
C [由下文车夫对其他车夫的否定评价可知，那人应该是在说：“太太，那正是我讨厌(hate)他们之处。”]
6．A.foolish
B．dishonest
C．determined
D．reliable
A [由语境可知，车夫认为其他的车夫很愚蠢(foolish)，以为外国人都有钱。]
7．A.explaining
B．admitting
C．ignoring
D．wondering
D [由语境可知，作者听了那车夫的讲话，心里纳闷(wonder)为什么那车夫英语讲得那么优秀。]
8．A.simple
B．common
C．beautiful
D．interesting
C [由上文可知，作者不知道为什么车夫能说出如此出色的(beautiful)的英语。]
9．A.student
B．teacher
C．president
D．beggar
B [根据后文可知，那人说他在黑板前耗尽了青春，花白了头发，可推知他在一所中学里当了许多年教师(
teacher)。]
10．A.energetically
B．presently
C．violently
D．peacefully
A [根据语境可知，那人说他拉人力车不是为了挣钱而是为了保持身体的强健(energetic)。]
11．A.cried
B．complained
C．continued
D．argued
C [由语境可知，作者认真地听那人继续(continue)讲话。]
12．A.achievements
B．careers
C．hobbies
D．opinions
B [由下文可知，那位人力车夫说他设法让他的孩子接受好的教育，而好的教育帮助他们选择好的事业(
career)，因此他们后来大有前途。]
13．A.rescue
B．teach
C．comfort
D．visit
B [由上文可知，那人每天不拉车的时间就用来免费教导(teach)年轻的学生，因为他曾经是一名教师。]
14．A.money
B．kindness
C．work
D．education
D [由全文内容可知，那人说他的重点是教孩子们知道教育(education)对我们的未来和成为一个好人来说是多么重要。]
15．A.difference
B．decision
C．habit
D．deal
A [由上文内容可知，尽管金钱在我们手里来来去去，但教育和知识会永远伴随着我们，并改变我们的生活。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Today
many
people
like
camping
outside.There
are
some
1.
(safe)
tips
you
must
know
when
camping
outdoors.
A
campfire
is
one
of
the
most
2.
(enjoy)
parts
of
a
camping
experience，but
you
should
do
it
right.Never
leave
your
fire
unattended.
Safe
drinking?water
is
also
something
important.Public
campgrounds
usually
provide
good
water，but
if
you
camp
in
the
open
air，make
sure
you
are
supplied
3.
fresh
and
clean
water.
If
you
go
hiking
on
your
camping
trip，pay
attention
to
some
dangers.Don't
touch
poisonous
(有毒的)plants.If
you
4.
(catch)
in
a
heavy
rain，look
for
a
shelter.If
you
can't
find
a
house
or
other
5.
(building)，sit
under
the
trees
in
a
forest.Avoid
the
tall
trees
6.
stand
alone
in
open
areas.Get
out
of
the
water
if
you
are
swimming.
Before
you
leave
home，tell
someone
where
you
are
going
and
when
you
will
7.
(probable)
be
back.Stay
calm
and
remain
in
one
place
in
case
you
get
lost
and
wait
8.
help
arrives.Carry
matches
with
you
9.
(make)
a
fire
to
keep
warm.Do
not
rely
on
smart
phones
to
call
someone.Chances
are
that
you
won't
have
good
reception
if
you
are
in
a
remote
area.
Clean
up
your
campground
when
you
leave.Filling
all
the
holes
that
you
have
dug
10.
(be)
a
very
good
move.Save
your
waste
until
you
can
put
it
in
waste
bins.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要给野外露营者提供了几点建议。
1．safety [考查名词。根据句意，有一些你必须知道的安全措施。此处用名词作定语，表示被修饰名词的内容或者性质。]
2．enjoyable [考查形容词。此处用形容词修饰后面的名词parts。句意：篝火是露营经历中最使人愉悦的部分之一。]
3．with [考查介词。be
supplied
with表示“被提供了某物”。]
4．are
caught [考查动词的时态和语态。此处主语you和catch
之间是被动关系，结合文章的一般现在时态，故使用一般现在时的被动语态。]
5．buildings [考查名词。other后面要用可数名词复数。]
6．that/which [考查关系代词。根据语境可知，此句为定语从句，句中缺少主语，因此需填关系代词，先行词为the
tall
trees，故用which或者that。]
7．probably [考查副词。此处用副词修饰整个句子。句意为：你什么时候可能会回来。]
8．until/till [考查连词。until/till都表示“直到……为止”。]
9．to
make [考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。句意为：随身携带火柴以用来生火取暖。]
10．is [考查主谓一致。此处Filling
all
the
holes
作主语，动词的ing
形式做主语时，谓语动词应使用单数。]
5/5根据P68－69教材课文内容选择正确答案
1．What
do
the
words
“green
fingers”
in
Paragraph
1
probably
mean?
A．The
ability
to
garden.
B．A
taste
for
green.
C．Fingers
in
green
color.
D．A
love
for
green.
2．According
to
the
passage，which
of
the
following
is
NOT
the
meaning
of
gardening?
A．It
enriches
people's
spiritual
words.
B．It
improves
environment
quickly.
C．It
enables
expert
gardeners
to
enter
competition.
D．It
provides
people
with
a
wonderful
time.
3．The
author
mentions
“Where
you
tend
a
rose...A
thistle
cannot
grow.”
in
the
last
paragraph
in
order
to
.
A．show
the
significance
of
the
Secret
Garden
B．encourage
people
to
tend
a
rose
C．arouse
people's
awareness
of
protecting
environment
D．convince
people
that
gardening
has
another
advantage
[答案] 1－3 ACD
Words
And
Phrases
知识要点1 replace
vt.代替，取代；替换，接替；把……放回原处
(教材原句P65) In
sentence
(a)，can
we
replace
“in
which”
with
“where”
without
changing
the
meaning?
在句子(a)中，我们能否用where替换
in
which而不改变其意思？
[例1] Can
anything
replace
a
mother's
love
and
care？有什么东西能代替母亲的爱和关怀吗？
[例2] He
replaced
the
book
on
the
shelf.他把那本书放回了架子上。
[翻译] 另一种反对电视的观点是，它取代了阅读成为一种新的娱乐方式。
Another
argument
against
television
is
that
it
replaces
reading
as
a
new
form
of
entertainment.
[知识拓展]
(1)replace
A
(with/by
B)
(用B)替换/接替/取代A
(2)replacement
n.
更换，替换
(3)“代替”的其他表达法：
instead
of代替
in
place
of顶替，代替
take
sb.'s/sth.'s
place＝
take
the
place
of
sb./sth.
代替，替换某人/某物
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
house
in
which
I
grew
up
has
been
taken
down
and
replaced
with/by
an
office
building.
②Sending
e?mails
has
almost
taken
the
place
of
writing
letters.
③Mr.Lee
is
ill，so
I'll
give
you
lessons
in
place
of
him.
知识要点2 narrow
adj.狭窄的，窄小的；狭隘的；勉强的，刚刚好的vt.&
vi.使窄小，变窄，缩小
(教材原句P66) Tourists
can
stand
on
a
narrow
glass
platform
called
the
Skywalk
to
see
the
Grand
Canyon.
游客可以站在一个名为“空中走廊”的窄窄的玻璃平台上观看科罗拉多大峡谷。
[例1] The
road
is
too
narrow
for
cars
to
pass.
道路太窄了，汽车无法通过。
[例2] New
tax
laws
will
narrow
the
gap
between
the
rich
and
the
poor.
新税法将会缩小贫富差距。
[翻译] 一些狭窄的街道被拓宽了，所以交通堵塞减少了。
Some
narrow
streets
have
been
broadened，so
there
are
fewer
traffic
jams.
[知识拓展]
(1)a
narrow
escape
死里逃生
a
narrow
victory
险胜
(2)narrowly
adv.
勉强地，以毫厘之差；狭隘地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
had
a
narrow
escape
when
his
car
skidded
on
the
ice.
②He
was
narrowly(narrow)
hit
by
a
bus
when
he
was
turning
to
the
left.
③Parents
and
children
should
communicate
more
to
narrow
(narrow)
the
gap
between
them
so
that
they
can
understand
each
other
better.
知识要点3 desert
n．沙漠，荒漠vt.抛弃；遗弃vt.&
vi.擅离(岗位等)
(教材原句P66) We
are
also
going
to
ride
camels，“the
ship
of
the
desert”．
我们也会骑号称“沙漠之舟”的骆驼。
[例1] The
Sahara
Desert
is
a
natural
barrier
between
North
and
Central
Africa.
撒哈拉沙漠是北非与中非之间的天然屏障。
[例2] True
friends
don't
desert
each
other
when
one
is
facing
trouble.
当其中一人面临困难时，真正的朋友是不会抛弃对方的。
[翻译] 这幢无人居住的房子笼罩在深深的寂静中。
There
was
the
heavy
hanging
silence
of
a
house
that
has
been
deserted.
[知识拓展]
(1)deserted
adj.
无人居住的；被遗弃的
(2)(形近词)dessert
n.
[C，U](饭后)甜点
[即学即练] 写出下列句子中desert的词性及含义
①
Going
camping
in
the
desert
will
not
be
enjoyable
unless
you
are
well
prepared.n.沙漠
②When
they
got
there，the
village
seemed
deserted，the
only
sign
of
life
being
one
or
two
dogs
lying
under
the
trees.adj.被遗弃的
[小片段填空] (用desert与dessert的适当形式填空)
The
man
who
was
deserted
in
the
desert
was
eager
to
get
some
dessert
to
eat，and
later
he
found
a
deserted
wooden
hut.
知识要点4 expert
adj.熟练的，行家的，专家的，经验(或知识)丰富的n.专家，行家
(教材原句P68) Expert
gardeners
know
just
the
right
corner
for
roses，and
others
spend
hours
trying
to
grow
perfect
vegetables
to
enter
into
competitions.
专业的园丁知道种植玫瑰花的恰当地方，其他人则花上好几个小时试图种植出完美的蔬菜来参与比赛。
[例1] She
is
expert
in
figure
skating.她擅长花样滑冰。
[例2] He
is
a
well?known
expert
in
finance.他是一位知名的金融专家。
[翻译] 他善于烹制好吃的饭菜。
He
is
expert
at
cooking
good
meals.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
expert
at/in/on(
doing)
sth.
是某方面的专家
(2)be
an
expert
at/in/on
(doing)
sth.
是某方面的专家
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Lifting
weights
is
good
for
teenagers，which
some
experts
(
expert
)
say
will
help
them
become
energetic.
②You
can
have
your
computer
repaired
by
John，who
is
expert
at/in/on
repairing
computers.
知识要点5 reflect
on/upon沉思，思考
(教材原句P70) And
if
you're
in
any
doubt
about
this，take
a
moment
to
reflect
on
this
line
from
The
Secret
Garden：“Where
you
tend
a
rose...A
thistle
cannot
grow.”
如果你对此有任何怀疑的话，静下来想一想摘自《秘密花园》中的这一句：“在人们精心呵护玫瑰的地方……不长杂草”。
[例1] The
old
man
reflected
on
the
changes
that
had
taken
place
since
his
youth.
老人回想起自己的青年时期以来所发生的种种变化。
[例2] The
teacher
allowed
us
several
minutes
to
reflect
on
the
inside
meaning
of
the
passage.
老师给了我几分钟的时间，让我们思考这篇文章的内在含义。
[翻译] 我好好地反省了自己，努力寻找自身的不足。
I
reflect
on/upon
my
own
good，trying
to
find
my
own
shortcomings.
[知识拓展]
(1)reflect
v．
反射；思考
reflect...in
在……中反映出/映照出……
(2)reflection
n.
反射；反映；思考
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①One
is
the
moon
reflected
(reflect)
in
the
water，and
the
other
is
a
flower
in
the
mirror.
②Take
some
time
to
carefully
reflect
on/upon
your
future.
③He
gave
much
reflection(reflect)
to
the
problem
but
still
had
no
answer.
知识要点6 limited
adj.有限的
(教材原句P70) But
in
cities，limited
space
has
led
to
people
looking
for
new
solutions.
但是在城市里，有限的空间使得人们寻找新的解决方法。
[例1] But
our
money
was
limited，and
none
of
the
house
prices
seemed
satisfactory.
但是我们的资金有限，似乎没有一套房价令人满意。
[例2] We
must
make
good
use
of
our
limited
time
and
money.
我们必须好好利用我们有限的时间和金钱。
[翻译] 我经营饭店的知识有限。
My
knowledge
of
running
a
restaurant
is
limited.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
limited
to
限定在……；受限制于……
(2)limit
vt.
限制，限定
n．限制；界限；(常作复
数)范围
limit...to...
把……限定在……范围内
beyond/over
the
limit
超过限度
set
a
limit
to
限制，控制，设定……的限度
to
the
limit
到了最大限度
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In
my
opinion，you
had
better
set
a
limit
to
the
expense
of
your
trip.
②My
time
is
limited
(limit)，so
I
will
limit
myself
to
two
aspects
of
the
problem.
③Families
are
limited
to
four
free
tickets
each.
知识要点7 benefit
n．益处，优势vt.使受益vi.得益于，得利于
(教材原句P70) What
are
the
benefits
of
gardening？园艺的好处是什么？
[例1] One
of
the
many
benefits
of
foreign
study
is
learning
how
to
deal
with
the
unexpected.
出国留学的诸多好处之一就是学会如何应对意外事件。
[例2] These
facilities
have
benefited
the
whole
town.这些设施使全城镇受益。
[翻译] 好的意见值得坚持，因为对我们大家都有益。
Good
opinions
are
worth
sticking
to
because
they
can
benefit
us
all.
[知识拓展]
(1)for
the
benefit
of
sb.(＝
for
sb.'s
benefit)
为了某人的利益，为帮助某人
be
of
(great)
benefit
to
对……(很)有益
to
sb.'s
benefit
对某人有利
(2)sb.benefit
by/from
sth.
某人得益于某物
(3)beneficial
adj.
有利的，有用的
be
beneficial
to...
对……有益
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①As
we
all
know，cycling
is
highly
beneficial
(benefit)to
health
and
the
environment.
②All
the
money
is
used
for
the
benefit
of
disabled
children.
③This
measure
is
of
great
benefit
to
the
improvement
of
the
job.
④If
we
take
these
measures，I'm
sure
it
is
greatly
to
our
benefit.
⑤Many
of
the
things
we
now
benefit
from
would
not
be
around
but
for
Thomas
Edison.
Sentence
Patterns
重点句式1 “否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
(教材原句P68) And
while
many
Brits
like
nothing
better
than
spending
their
Sunday
cutting
the
grass，some
are
happy
just
to
sit
under
the
branches
of
the
trees
and
enjoy
the
beauty
of
the
world
around
them.虽然许多英国人最喜欢在星期天修剪草坪，但也有一些人只是喜欢坐在树下欣赏他们周围世界的美景。
句式分析：while在此表示“而，然而”，作并列连词。nothing
better
than...the
grass属于“否定词＋比较级”结构。nothing，none，nobody或“no
other＋可数名词单数”与比较级连用时，表示最高级含义。
[例1] Nothing
is
more
precious
than
time.没有什么东西比时间更宝贵。
[例2] Nobody
is
more
careful
than
him！没有人比他更细心！
[造句] 没有什么比躺在海滩上更令人愉快。
Nothing
is
more
pleasant
than
lying
on
the
beach.
[知识拓展]
主语＋表示否定意义的谓语?含not或never?＋比较级 没有比……更……
[翻译] ①你觉得昨晚的电影怎么样？
What
do
you
think
of
the
film
last
night?
没有比它更糟糕的了。
It
couldn't
be
worse.
②这是我读过的最有趣的小说。
I
have
never
read
a
more
interesting
novel.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①—How
was
your
recent
trip
to
Sichuan?
—I've
never
had
a
more
pleasant
(pleasant)
one
before.
②Nothing
gives
me
more
pleasure
(pleasure)
than
listening
to
Mozart.
七选五之过渡衔接
过渡衔接考查对篇章的理解能力，也考查对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。设题位置可以在段首，也可以在段中或段尾。解题时可采用位置判断法，阅读其前后的句子，看所选的答案是否能将前后衔接起来。
I
was，nevertheless，talked
into
going
on
another
fun?filled
holiday
in
the
wilderness.This
time
there
was
no
tent.Instead，we
had
a
pop?up
camper
with
comfortable
beds
and
an
air
conditioner.My
nature?loving
friends
had
remembered
to
bring
all
the
necessities
of
life.
We
have
done
a
lot
of
it
since.Recently，we
bought
a
twenty?eight?foot
travel
trailer
complete
with
a
bathroom
and
a
built?in
TV
set.There
is
a
separate
bedroom，a
modern
kitchen
with
a
refrigerator.The
trailer
even
has
matching
carpet
and
curtains.
A．This
time
there
was
no
tent.
B．Things
are
going
to
be
improved.
C．The
trip
they
took
me
on
was
a
rough
one.
D．I
was
to
learn
a
lot
about
camping
since
then，however.
E．I
must
say
that
I
have
certainly
come
to
enjoy
camping.
F．After
the
trip，my
family
became
quite
interested
in
camping.
G．There
was
no
shade
as
the
trees
were
no
more
than
3
feet
tall.
F [根据空后面一句“We
have
done
a
lot
of
it
since.”可知，从那以来我们去野营多次了。故可推断，自从那一次野营后，我们一家人就对野营感兴趣了。]
快速阅读，确定下列衔接过渡题的答案
Set
up
a
recycling
station
at
your
schooL
Recycling
is
a
great
way
to
save
energy
because
it
reduces
the
need
to
produce
new
materials.
，then
ask
your
school
principal
if
you
can
set
one
up.
A．Postsigns
about
conserving
energy
B．Whether
you
are
a
teacher
or
a
student
C．If
your
school
does
not
have
one
D．Turn
off
your
computer
when
it's
not
used
E．Shut
down
the
lights
when
rooms
are
not
in
use
F．Other
times
of
day
you
might
only
need
half
of
the
lights
G．If
your
school's
garbage
company
offers
recycling
services
[答案]
C
8/8概要写作
本单元的写作项目是写一篇概要。概要，顾名思义，就是把文章的主要内容进行简要的概括，归纳出文章的中心大意。
[写作步骤]
1．阅读整篇文章，找出作者的写作目的；
2．再次阅读文章，找出并总结出每段的主旨句或关键词；
3．运用恰当的连接方式，把主旨句连接成逻辑连贯的语段。
[常用语句]
1．归纳中心大意
(1)The
passage/author
argues
that...本文/作者主张……
(2)The
passage/author
highlights
the
importance
of...本文/作者强调了……的重要性。
(3)According
to
the
passage，we
can
know...根据文章我们可知……
(4)This
passage/article
is
mainly
about...这篇文章主要是关于……
(5)The
purpose
of
the
report
is
to
show...这一报告的目的是表明……
2．概括主旨要点
(1)Firstly...第一……
(2)Secondly...第二……
(3)Thirdly...第三……
(4)Lastly...最后……
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Over
the
past
three
years，there
has
been
a
big
increase
in
the
number
of
people
sharing
information
online.In
this
article，we
will
learn
about
some
positive
factors
regarding
people
sharing
information
online.
We
often
share
information
with
our
friends
in
the
office
or
at
home
to
educate，entertain，or
some
pleasantly
surprise
them.In
this
way，we
can
connect
with
others.This
is
also
true
while
sharing
information
online.If
you
look
at
the
Facebook
of
your
friends，you
will
realize
that
most
of
their
updates
are
usually
famous
quotes，entertaining
videos，inspirational
images，funny
jokes，etc.94%
of
those
who
responded
to
a
survey
by
the
New
York
Times
said
they
put
a
lot
of
thought
into
how
the
content
they
are
sharing
will
be
beneficial
to
others.
A
lot
of
people
share
information
online
to
portray(描述)
their
true
self
to
the
outside
world.Some
people，especially
those
who
are
shy
and
not
comfortable
talking
about
their
areas
of
interest
in
the
presence
of
others，find
it
extremely
convenient
to
share
that
information
online
with
like?minded
individuals.
78%
of
the
respondents
in
the
study
of
the
New
York
Times
said
they
shared
information
online
because
it
helps
them
develop
better
relationships.Today，a
lot
of
people
do
not
have
the
time
to
meet
each
other
online，rather
than
in
conventional
places
like
restaurants
and
pubs.
Lastly，when
we
share
our
thoughts
online，we
are
actively
engaging
with
the
vast
community
of
people
who
are
a
part
of
the
World
Wide
Web.Sharing
information
will
make
a
difference
to
the
viewpoint
of
others，or
add
to
their
understanding
about
the
world.
[参考范文]
With
an
increasing
tendency
towards
sharing
information
online，some
active
factors
gradually
appear.(要点1)Firstly
the
information
shared
online
often
helps
to
inspire，amuse
and
benefit
others.(要点2)Secondly，online
information
sharing
provides
people，especially
the
shy
people，with
a
chance
to
show
their
usefulness.(要点3)
Thirdly，it
can
also
strengthen
personal
relationships
despite
the
lack
of
face?to?face
meetings.(要点4)
Lastly，while
sharing
thoughts
online，not
only
are
we
connecting
with
the
world
but
also
affecting
people's
opinions.
2/2课时分层作业(十八)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
At
one
time，experts
were
against
raising
children
in
a
bilingual(双语)home.They
thought
their
brains
would
become
confused，which
would
result
in
their
developmental
delays(耽误)and
poor
performance
in
studies.But
we
now
understand
that
the
exact
opposite
is
true.
Children
can
easily
learn
extra
languages
because
of
the
higher
ability
of
their
brain
to
form
new
neural(神经的)connections
and
new
brain
cells
throughout
life.While
some
studies
suggest
that
learning
two
languages
can
lead
to
delays，these
delays
are
short?lived.In
addition，the
brain
of
the
children
who
learn
two
languages
can
benefit
unexpectedly
early.By
using
a
fun
game
with
a
disappearing
puppet，researchers
found
that
babies
as
young
as
7
months
old
who
are
raised
in
bilingual
homes
got
cognitive(认知的)benefits!
A
study
used
a
memory
game
and
found
that
bilingual
5?year?olds
answered
questions
faster
and
were
more
exact
than
their
partners
only
learning
one
language.
According
to
a
report
given
by
the
National
Education
Association，children
who
study
a
second
language
receive
a
rise
in
general
development，do
better
in
tests，are
more
creative，and
have
a
better
sense
of
achievement
in
school.Second
language
studies
help
kids
do
better
in
other
areas
of
study，including
improving
their
reading
skills
and
social
studies.Research
shows
that
students
who
are
able
to
speak
a
second
language
have
better
listening
skills
and
sharper
memories，and
are
better
at
solving
difficult
problems.From
primary
school
to
college，they
score
higher
in
tests
than
those
who
can't.And
results
from
the
Scholastic
Aptitude
Test
(SAT)
also
show
that
students
who
have
studied
another
language—for
four
or
more
years
did
better
in
both
the
spoken
and
maths
problems
of
the
test.
In
a
word，learning
more
than
one
language
contributes
to
the
brain
development
in
babies
and
the
excellent
school
performance
of
students
of
all
ages.Therefore，it
is
clear
that
it's
never
too
early
to
learn
a
second
language
for
children.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。过去专家们认为双语家庭会耽误小孩的成长。现有研究表明，孩子较早地学习一种外语，有助于促进大脑发育。
1．What
did
the
experts
once
think
of
raising
kids
in
a
bilingual
home?
A．It
had
some
advantages.
B．It
should
be
encouraged.
C．It
was
bad
for
kids'
growth.
D．It
enriched
children's
childhood.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段“They
thought
their
brains
would
become
confused...poor
performance
in
studies.”可知，专家认为双语家庭对孩子们的成长不利。]
2．What
can
we
know
about
bilingual
kids
from
Paragraph
2?
A．Their
brains
can
develop
surprisingly
early.
B．Their
brains
can
grow
new
cells
quickly.
C．They
react
very
slowly
to
questions.
D．They
suffer
from
long?time
delays.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段的“In
addition，the
brain
of
the
children
who
learn
two
languages
can
benefit
unexpectedly
early.”以及后文的例子可知，学习两种语言的孩子的大脑发育出奇地早。]
3．When
should
a
child
start
studying
a
second
language
according
to
the
author?
A．The
younger
the
better.
B．In
his/her
early
teens.
C．Around
5
years
old.
D．At
primary
school.
A [推理判断题。根据第四段的“Therefore，it
is
clear
that
it's
never
too
early
to
learn
a
second
language
for
children.”可知，作者认为让孩子越早接触第二语言越好。]
B
The
idea
of
turning
recycled
plastic
bottles
into
clothing
is
not
new.During
the
last
five
years，a
large
number
of
clothing
companies，businesses
and
environmental
organizations
have
started
turning
plastics
into
fabric
to
deal
with
plastic
pollution.But
there's
a
problem
with
this
method.Research
now
shows
that
microfibers
could
be
the
biggest
source
of
plastic
in
the
sea.
Dr.Mark
Browne
in
Santa
Barbara，California，has
been
studying
plastic
pollution
and
microfibers
for
10
years
now.He
explains
that
every
time
synthetic
(合成的)clothes
go
into
a
washing
machine，a
large
number
of
plastic
fibers
fall
off.Most
washing
machines
can't
collect
these
microfibers.So
every
time
the
water
gets
out
of
a
washing
machine，microfibers
are
entering
the
sewers
and
finally
end
up
in
the
sea.
In
2011，Browne
wrote
a
paper
stating
that
a
single
piece
of
synthetic
clothing
can
produce
more
than
1,900
fibers
per
wash.Browne
collected
samples
from
seawater
and
freshwater
sites
around
the
world，and
used
a
special
way
to
examine
each
sample.He
discovered
that
every
single
water
sample
contained
microfibers.
This
is
bad
news
for
a
number
of
reasons.Plastic
can
cause
harm
to
sea
life
when
eaten.Studies
have
also
shown
that
plastic
can
absorb
other
pollutants.
Based
on
this
evidence，it
may
seem
surprising
that
companies
and
organizations
have
chosen
to
turn
plastic
waste
into
clothing
as
an
environmental“solution.”Even
though
the
science
has
been
around
for
a
while，Browne
explains
that
he's
had
a
difficult
time
getting
companies
to
listen.When
he
asked
well?known
clothing
companies
to
support
Benign
by
Design—his
research
project
that
seeks
to
get
clothes
that
have
a
bad
effect
on
humans
and
the
environment
out
of
the
market，Browne
didn't
get
a
satisfying
answer.Only
one
women's
clothing
company，Eileen
Fisher，offered
Browne
funding.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。在过去的五年里，大量的服装公司、企业和环保组织已经开始将塑料变成织物来处理塑料污染。但是这种方法有一个问题。现在的研究表明，微纤维可能是海洋中塑料的最大来源。来自加州圣巴巴拉的马克·布朗博士的研究也证实了这一点。
4．What
has
happened
during
the
past
five
years?
A．Fabric
has
become
much
stronger.
B．Plastic
pollution
has
been
less
serious.
C．Many
plastic
bottles
have
been
reused.
D．Microfibers
have
been
greatly
improved.
C [推理判断题。根据第一段“During
the
last
five
years，a
large
number
of
clothing
companies，businesses
and
environmental
organizations
have
started
turning
plastics
into
fabric
to
deal
with
plastic
pollution”可知，在过去的五年里，许多服装公司、企业和环保组织已经开始将塑料转变成织物来处理塑料污染。由此判断出在过去的五年里许多塑料瓶已被重新利用。]
5．What
does
Browne
think
of
washing
synthetic
clothes?
A．It
is
adding
microfibers
to
the
clothes.
B．It
is
worsening
environmental
problems.
C．It
is
making
synthetic
clothes
last
longer.
D．It
is
doing
great
damage
to
washing
machines.
B [推理判断题。根据第二段“He
explains
that
every
time
synthetic
clothes
go
into
a
washing
machine，a
large
number
of
plastic
fibers
fall
off.Most
washing
machines
can't
collect
these
microfibers.So
every
time
the
water
gets
out
of
a
washing
machine，microfibers
are
entering
the
sewers
and
finally
end
up
in
the
sea.”可以判断出布朗认为洗合成纤维衣服正在使环境恶化。]
6．What
can
be
inferred
about
Browne's
Benignby
Design
research
project?
A．It
has
achieved
great
success.
B．It
hasn't
got
anything
done.
C．It
is
known
to
very
few
people.
D．It
is
facing
some
difficulties.
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段“When
he
asked
well?known
clothing
companies
to
support
Benign
by
Design—his
research
project
that
seeks
to
get
clothes
that
have
a
bad
effect
on
humans
and
the
environment
out
of
the
market，Browne
didn't
get
a
satisfying
answer.”可知，当他要求知名服装公司来支持他的研究项目
Benign
by
Design时，Browne并没有得到令人满意的答案。由此判断出布朗的Benign
by
Design正面临一些困难。]
7．What's
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A．It's
important
to
learn
to
recycle
B．It's
never
easy
to
solve
pollution
problems
C．Recycled
plastic
clothing：solution
or
pollution?
D．Are
human
beings
moving
forward
or
backward?
C [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，在过去的五年里，大量的服装公司、企业和环保组织已经开始将塑料变成织物来处理塑料污染。但是这种方法有一个问题。现在的研究表明，微纤维可能是海洋中塑料的最大来源。来自加州圣巴巴拉的马克·布朗博士的研究也证实了这一点。所以短文主要是围绕着“回收塑料服装：是解决方案还是污染”而展开的。故C项正确。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
“Good
for
you，”
said
the
middle?aged
woman
in
the
swimsuit
as
I
walked
by.“I
see
you
out
here
swimming，practicing
hard
every
day.”
I
smiled
politely
and
thanked
her.
It
was
mid?August
and
she
was
probably
the
fifth
or
sixth
person
in
that
summer
to
make
this
type
of
comment(评论)on
me.I
was
one
of
a
handful
of
people
who
went
to
the
lake
almost
every
day
to
swim
and
I'd
never
heard
anyone
praise
the
other
swimmers.If
I
had
to
guess，I
would
say
that
no
one
would
have
commented
if
I
had
weighed
120
pounds.But
as
someone
who
weighed
more
than
twice
that，I
was
sure
I
stood
out.More
than
likely
these
people
were
well
meaning，but
whenever
someone
would
say
“Good
for
you”
or
“Way
to
go”，I
would
hear
“Wow...you're
pretty
active
for
a‘fat’girl！”
A
few
summers
before，these
types
of
comments
would
have
upset
me
a
lot
more.Actually，a
few
summers
before
I
would
even
have
considered
not
swimming
at
that
lake.It
was
not
that
I
wouldn't
have
loved
to.Ever
since
I
was
old
enough
to
walk，the
water
was
my
favorite
place.When
I
was
young，my
parents
would
take
me
to
the
lake，and
I
always
got
angry
when
other
kids
wanted
me
to
play
in
the
sand
or
on
the
playground.We
had
this
huge
body
of
water
to
play
in.Why
would
we
want
to
be
on
the
shore?
At
that
age，I
wasn't
embarrassed
to
be
seen
in
a
swimsuit
as
a
fat
kid，but
there
were
other
fat
kids.It
didn't
seem
to
matter.
As
I
grew
up.I
was
more
self?conscious(难为情的)．I
would
still
enjoy
a
swim，but
I
was
quick
to
reach
for
a
cover?up
or
a
towel
to
wrap
around
myself
as
soon
as
I
came
out
from
the
water.Even
in
regular
clothes，I
sometimes
felt
self?conscious—like
everyone
was
looking
at
how
big
I
was
and
silently
judging
me.It
was
a
little
easier
when
I
was
around
the
people
that
I
trusted.My
friend
Mary，had
a
pool
in
her
back
yard
and
sometimes
she
strongly
advised
me
to
go
for
a
swim.
Paragraph
1：
One
hot
summer
day，my
heart
was
becoming
cold
as
I
pulled
into
Dirk's
driveway.
Paragraph
2：
Hearing
her
words，I
found
a
huge
burn
mark
running
through
her
entire
back.
[参考范文]
Paragraph
1：
One
hot
summer
day，my
heart
was
becoming
cold
as
I
pulled
into
Dirk's
driveway.Her
sweet
and
thin
sister，Casey，was
there.When
Mary
and
Casey
were
ready
to
get
in
the
pool，I
still
didn't
get
changed.Mary，always
the
straight
talker，rolled
her
eyes
and
looked
at
his
sister.“She
doesn't
want
to
be
in
front
of
you
in
her
swimsuit.”
she
told
her.Casey
thought
for
a
while
and
walked
over
to
me，saying，“There
is
nothing
we
should
fear.Look
at
my
back.”
Paragraph
2：
Hearing
her
words，I
found
a
huge
burn
mark
running
through
her
entire
back.
She
smiled
and
said
that
there
was
nothing
that
should
be
hidden.And
then
she
jumped
into
the
pool
and
swam
slowly
with
the
mark
appearing
and
disappearing.For
years
I
had
been
avoiding
my
favorite
activity
in
front
of
others
because
I
was
afraid
of
the
way
other
people
would
look
at
me.However，Casey's
sincere
smile
and
words
encouraged
me.I
got
changed
and
joined
them.A
few
weeks
later，I
got
up
the
courage
to
go
to
the
lake
and
I
kept
swimming
there
every
day.
6/6
