课时分层作业(五)
Ⅰ.根据句意选择框中的词构成合成词，并用其适当形式补全句子
1．I
have
a
penfriend
called
Coco.He
lives
in
London
with
his
grandparents
and
I
will
meet
him
during
this
summer
holiday.
2．The
job
is
very
wellpaid.
3．After
I
read
the
letter
from
my
mother
last
night，I
began
to
feel
more
and
more
homesick.
4．Yesterday，the
coming
of
the
children
and
their
wonderful
performance
brought
sunshine
into
the
old
people's
lives.
5．The
manager
is
very
busy
now，so
could
you
please
wait
downstairs
in
the
hall
for
a
moment?
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The
information
you
gave
us
was
incorrect
(correct)，so
we
didn't
find
the
museum
and
got
lost
on
the
way.
2．Although
he
disliked
(like)
going
to
the
countryside，he
had
to
visit
his
grandparents
there
twice
a
month.
3．After
Susan
came
back
from
Italy，she
was
happy
to
see
the
improvement
(improve)
in
her
son's
behavior.
4．There
are
thousands
of
sculptures
(sculpt)
and
paintings
in
the
exhibition
and
most
of
them
are
valuable.
5．I
am
not
saying
you
did
badly
in
the
English
exam，but
honestly
(honest)
you
could
do
better.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Do
you
know
how
many
languages
there
are
in
the
world？There
are
about
5,500，but
many
of
them
are
not
considered
very
1
.English
is
considered
one
of
the
most
important
languages
because
many
people
2
it，not
only
in
the
UK
and
the
US，but
in
other
countries
of
the
world.About
375
million
speak
it
3
their
own
language，and
another
750
million
use
it
as
a
4
language.It
is
5
to
say
how
many
people
are
learning
it.Millions
of
boys
and
girls
in
schools
are
trying
to
do
so.
Many
English
children
6
French.French
is
also
a
very
important
language.Some
children
learn
German，
7
，Japanese
and
Russian，of
which
Chinese
is
getting
more
and
more
popular.
Which
is
the
best
way
to
learn
a
language？We
know
that
we
all
learnt
the
8
language
well
when
we
were
9
.If
we
learn
a
second
language
in
the
same
way，it
may
not
seem
so
difficult.What
does
a
small
child
do？He
10
what
people
say,
and
he
tries
to
guess
what
he
hears.When
he
wants
something，he
has
to
11
it.He
is
using
the
language，
12
and
talking
in
it
at
all
times.If
people
use
a
second
language
all
the
time，they
will
learn
it
13
.
In
school，you
learn
to
read，to
write，to
hear
and
to
14
.It
is
best
to
learn
all
new
words
through
the
15
.You
can
read
them，spell
them
and
speak
them
later.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当今学习语言的现状及最好的学习方法。
1．A.spoken
B．happy
C．important
D．ideal
C [根据后一句中的“English
is
considered
one
of
the
most
important
languages”可知此处是说，世界上大约有5
500种语言，但其中许多语言被认为是不重要的。故选C项。]
2．A.love
B．use
C．operate
D．copy
B [根据后面的“not
only
in
the
UK
and
the
US，but
in
other
countries
of
the
world”可知，此处是说英语被认为是最重要的语言之一是因为许多人使用它。故选B项。]
3．A.like
B．with
C．for
D．as
D [根据空后的“another
750
million
use
it
as
a
language”中的as可知，设空处应用as，指把英语当作自己的语言，即母语。故选D项。]
4．A.distant
B．second
C．formal
D．special
B [根据语境及第三段中的“If
we
learn
a
second
language”可知，此处指把英语当作第二语言。second
language意为“第二语言”，故选B项。]
5．A.easy
B．latest
C．difficult
D．best
C [根据语境，此处是说很难说出到底有多少人在学英语。因为人员众多，不好统计，故选C项。]
6．A.ignore
B．understand
C．study
D．communicate
C [根据后文的“Some
children
learn
German”可知，此处指许多英国孩子学习法语。故选C项。]
7．A.Chinese
B．Italian
C．Spanish
D．Danish
A [根据空后的“of
which
Chinese
is
getting
more
and
more
popular”可知列举的语种中包含Chinese。此处是说一些孩子学习德语、汉语、日语和俄语，其中汉语越来越受欢迎。故选A项。]
8．A.foreign
B．other
C．universal
D．native
D [根据下一句中的“If
we
learn
a
second
language
in
the
same
way”及常识可推知，此处是说，当我们还是孩子的时候，我们都能学好我们的母语。native
language意为“母语”。故选D项。]
9．A.learners
B．children
C．students
D．talents
B [根据下文的“What
does
a
small
child
do？”可知选B项。]
10．A.talks
B．wants
C．cries
D．follows
D [根据语境及空后的“he
tries
to
guess
what
he
hears”可知，此处指小孩学语言时专心听人们说的话并尝试猜测他们听到的内容；follow在此意为“认真倾听；理解”。故选D项。]
11．A.turn
to
B．go
over
C．get
through
D．ask
for
D [根据空前的“When
he
wants
something”可知，此处指小孩想要什么东西的时候，就会开口要。ask
for意为“(向某人)要”。故选D项。]
12．A.joking
B．planning
C．thinking
D．doing
C [结合选项可知，此处是指孩子在使用这门语言，始终用这门语言思考和谈话。故选C项。]
13．A.fluently
B．confidently
C．freely
D．easily
D [根据语境，此处指如果一直使用第二语言，那么就很容易学会它。]
14．A.fight
B．sing
C．speak
D．play
C [根据常识，学习一门语言时要培养听、说、读、写四项技能。故选C项。]
15．A.mouth
B．hands
C．ears
D．eyes
C [根据下一句“You
can
read
them，spell
them
and
speak
them
later.”可知，此处是说通过用耳朵听的方式来学习所有新单词是最好的，之后你可以再将它们读、拼写和说出来。故选C项。]
Ⅳ.语法填空
Learning
a
foreign
language
is
a
challenging
task，1.
it
can
also
be
a
very
enjoyable
experience.Here
are
a
few
2.
(tip)
on
how
to
learn
a
foreign
language
well.Firstly，work
on
your
own
pace.You'll
find
3.
more
effective
to
study
for
half
an
hour
rather
than
try
to
do
a
whole
unit
at
once.Secondly，use
language
4.
(communicate)．Don't
worry
about
5.
(get)
things
wrong.The
important
thing
is
to
build
up
your
6.
(confident)
in
speaking.Thirdly，build
up
your
vocabulary.You
should
learn
vocabulary
by
topics
or
in
sentences，7.
is
very
effective.Besides，get
8.
(use)
to
hearing
everyday
language
at
normal
speed.Listening
to
the
course
recordings
9.
(frequent)
is
a
good
choice.And
above
10.
，have
fun
learning
language.
【语篇解读】 本文就如何学好外语提出了一些建议。
1．but [考查连词。分析句子的逻辑关系可知，前后句为转折关系，故用but。]
2．tips [考查名词的复数形式。tip为可数名词，此处被a
few所修饰，故应用复数形式。]
3．it [考查代词。此处it为形式宾语，动词不定式短语to
study
for
half
an
hour为真正的宾语。]
4．to
communicate [考查非谓语动词。此处作目的状语，故应用动词不定式。]
5．getting [考查非谓语动词。介词about后应使用动名词形式。]
6．confidence [考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词your修饰名词。]
7．which [考查定语从句。先行词为主句，关系词在非限制性定语充当主语，故用which。]
8．used [考查固定短语。get
used
to
doing
sth.习惯于做某事。]
9．frequently [考查词性转换。此处修饰动名词短语，故应用副词形式。]
10．all [考查固定短语。above
all首要的是。]
5/5构词法(Word
Formation)
一、
构词法的定义及分类
按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫做构词法。英语构词法主要有转化法、合成法、派生法、首尾缩略法等。
二、
构词法讲解
(一)转化法
1．概念：英语中一个词由一种词类转到另一种或几种词类而不发生词形的变化，称为转化。
2．四种转化
[观察典例]
Let's
go
out
for
a
walk.我们出去散散步吧。
Women
have
an
equal
say
in
everything.妇女在各方面都有同等的发言权。
He
backed
his
car
into
the
garage.他把车倒进车库。
Did
you
book
a
seat
on
the
plane?
你订好飞机座位了吗？
The
train
slowed
down
to
half
its
speed.火车速度减慢了一半。
We
will
try
our
best
to
better
our
living
conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
She
was
dressed
in
blue.她穿着蓝色衣服。
The
old
here
are
living
a
happy
life.这里的老年人过着幸福的生活。
[归纳方法]
四种转化：①动词转化为名词 ②名词转化为动词
③形容词转化为动词 ④形容词转化为名词。
[即时训练1] 句型转换
1．We
had
lunch
together
after
the
meeting.
→We
lunched
together
after
the
meeting.
2．Let's
fill
the
water
into
this
bottle.
→Let's
bottle
the
water.
3．You
are
so
fat
that
you
have
to
go
on
a
diet.
→You
are
so
fat
that
you
have
to
diet.
4．Snow
often
falls
in
my
hometown
in
winter.
→It
often
snows
in
my
hometown
in
winter.
(二)合成法
1．概念：由两个或多个单词合成一个新词，通常前一个词修饰或限定后一个词。
2．三种合成方式
(1)连成一个词：butterfly蝴蝶；rainbow彩虹
(2)用连字符：well?known著名的；good?for?nothing无用之人
(3)分开写：flower
bed花坛；high
and
tight军人发型
3．四类合成词
(1)合成形容词
[观察典例]
noble?minded高尚的
good?tempered脾气好的
good?looking好看的
fine?sounding动听的
hard?working勤劳的
far?reaching深远的
peace?loving热爱和平的
face?to?face面对面的
state?owned国营的
heartfelt由衷的
well
mannered举止得体的
widespread广泛流传的
large?scale大规模的
high?class高级的
duty?free免税的
lifelong终身的，毕生的
[归纳方法]
合成形容词的构成方式：①形容词＋名词＋ed ②形容词＋现在分词 ③副词＋现在分词 ④名词＋现在分词 ⑤名词＋过去分词 ⑥副词＋过去分词 ⑦形容词＋名词 ⑧名词＋形容词 ⑨名词＋介词＋名词
(2)合成名词
[观察典例]
silkworm蚕
bloodtest验血
double?dealer两面派
shorthand速记
waiting
room候车室
sleeping?pills安眠药
pickpocket扒手
high
school中学
handwriting书法
wedding
dress婚纱
get?together联欢会
hide?and?seek捉迷藏游戏
downfall垮台
sit?down坐下休息
[归纳方法]
合成名词的构成方式
：①名词＋名词 ②形容词＋名词
③动名词＋名词 ④动词＋名词 ⑤名词＋动名词 ⑥动词＋连词＋动词 ⑦副词＋动词 ⑧动词＋副词
(3)合成动词
[观察典例]
sleepwalk梦游overthrow推翻whitewash粉刷
[归纳方法]
合成动词的构成方式：①名词＋动词②副词＋动词
③形容词＋动词
(4)合成副词
everywhere到处however无论如何forever永远downstairs在楼下
[归纳方法]
合成副词的构成方式：①形容词＋副词 ②副词＋副词
③介词＋副词 ④介词＋名词
[即时训练2] 写出下列合成词的汉语意思。
1．salesman
售货员
2．snow?white
雪白的
3．blacklist
列入黑名单
4．roommate
室友
5．undergo
经历
(三)
派生法
1．概念：在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。
2．前缀
(1)
表示否定意义的前缀
[观察典例]
appear出现→disappear消失correct正确的→incorrect不正确的
legal合法的→illegal非法的lead带领→mislead错误引领
stop停下→non?stop不停possible可能的→impossible不可能的
regular规则的→irregular不规则的smoker吸烟的人→non?smoker不吸烟的人
usual寻常的→unusual不寻常的
[归纳方法]
表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis?，il?，im?，in?，ir?，mis?，non?，un?等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。
(2)其他意义的前缀
[观察典例]
alone单独的asleep睡着的forward向前foresee预见
international国际的interview会见microscope显微镜microfilm微型胶片
midnight午夜mid?autumn中秋的minibus微型汽车miniskirt超短裙
rewrite重写return返回review复习superman超人supermarket超级商场
telephone电话telescope望远镜television电视
[归纳方法]
表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a?表状态；for?，fore?先，前，预；inter?间，相互；micro?微；mid?中；mini?微型的；re?重，再，复；super?上，超；tele?远距离的
(3)
改变词性的前缀
[观察典例]
large(形容词，大的)→enlarge(动词，扩大)
courage(名词，勇气)→encourage(动词，鼓励)
value(名词，价值)→devalue(动词，降低……的价值)
friend(名词，朋友)→befriend(动词，与……交朋友)
little(形容词，小的)→belittle(动词，轻视)
board(名词，甲板)→aboard(副词，在船上)
side(名词，旁边)→aside(副词，在旁边)
sleep(动词，睡觉)→asleep(形容词，睡着的)
door(名词，门)→outdoor(形容词，户外的)
[归纳方法]
改变词性的前缀有：en?，de?，be?，a?，out?等。en?前缀通常加在形容词或名词前构成动词；de?前缀通常加在名词之前构成动词，其意义大多和原名词相反；be?前缀可加在名词或形容词前构成动词；a?前缀常加在名词或描述性动词之前，构成形容词或副词；out?前缀可加在名词之前构成形容词，加在动词之前构成名词。
3．后缀
(1)
构成名词的后缀
[观察典例]
Chinese中国人，汉语
Japanese日本人，日语
foreigner外国人teacher老师
cleaner清洁工sailor水手
actor演员visitor来访者
artist艺术家pianist钢琴家
scientist科学家importance重要
performance执行absence缺勤
difference区别invention发明
protection保护agreement同意
arrangement安排illness生病kindness善良
[归纳方法]
构成名词的后缀常用的有?ence，?ese(表某地人或语言)，?er/?or/?ist(表人)，?ess(雌性)，?ian(精通……的人)，?ist(专业人员)，?ment(性质；状态)，?ness(性质；状态)，?tion(动作；过程)等。
(2)
构成形容词的后缀
[观察典例]
nature自然→natural自然的
reason道理→reasonable有道理的
America美国→American美国的
China中国→Chinese中国人的
gold金子→golden金的
east东→eastern东方的
child孩子→childish孩子气的
snow雪→snowy雪的
[归纳方法]
构成形容词的后缀常用的有?al，?able
(有能力的)，?(a)n(某国人的)，?en
(多用于表示材料的名词后)，?ern
(方向的)，?ese(某国人的)，?ful，?(ic)al，?ish，?ive，?less
(表示否定)，?like
(像……的)，?ly，?ous，?some，?y
(表示天气)等。
(3)
构成副词的后缀
[观察典例]
angry生气的→angrily生气地to到→towards
朝……，向……
east东方→eastward向东
[归纳方法]
构成副词的常用后缀有?ly
(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，?ward(s)
(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。
(4)构成动词的后缀
[观察典例]
wide宽的→widen加宽
beauty美人，美好→beautify美化
pure纯的→purify提纯
real真的→realize意识到
organ器官→organize组织
[归纳方法]
构成动词的后缀常用的有?en
(用于形容词之后)，?fy
(使……化)，?ize
(使……成为)。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
1．Theme
parks
offer
more
educational
things
than
amusement(amuse)
parks
do.
2．Smoke
can
blacken(black)
the
white
walls.
3．The
weather
in
Britain
is
changeable
(change)．You
can
find
that
one
minute
it
is
rainy
and
the
next
minute
the
sun
is
shining
brightly.
4．Sometimes
unknown
things
appear
mysterious
(
mystery)
to
us.
5．If
we
human
beings
keep
on
killing
the
wildlife，some
animals
will
disappear
(appear)
completely.
(四)缩略法
[观察典例]
Labour→Lab.(英国)工党
November→Nov.十一月
[归纳方法]
上述缩略词是靠截去词的尾部构成的。
[观察典例]
television→TV电视
postscript→PS附言，又及
[归纳方法]
上述缩略词是靠保留前缀及词根的首字母构成的。
[观察典例]
mister→Mr
先生
doctor→
Dr
医生；博士
[归纳方法]
上述缩略词是靠保留单词的首尾字母构成的。
[观察典例]
Member
of
Parliament→MP议员
Very
Important
Person→VIP要人；大人物
information
technology→IT信息技术
Internet
Service
Provider→ISP
互联网服务供应商
[归纳方法]
上述缩略词是用单词的首字母构成的，并且按字母分别读音，虚词省略。
[观察典例]
Test
of
English
as
a
Foreign
Language→TOEFL
托福考试
computer
assisted
learning→CAL
计算机辅助学习
United
Nations
Educational，Scientific
and
Cultural
Organization→UNESCO
联合国教科文组织
[归纳方法]
上述缩略词是用单词的首字母构成的，并且按单词读音。
[即时训练4]
写出下列词的缩略词
1．the
United
States
of
America→USA
美国
2．World
Wide
Web→WWW万维网
3．the
Voice
of
America→VOA美国之音
4．central
processing
unit→CPU中央处理器
Ⅰ.写出下列黑体词的含义
1．No
one
nosed
the
danger
before
the
earthquake.
觉察
2．He
was
a
disturbed
child
who
needed
mothering.
悉心照顾
3．Which
country
is
to
host
the
next
Olympic
Games？
主办
4．I
want
a
say
in
the
management
of
the
business.
发言权
5．The
government
hopes
to
better
the
conditions
of
the
workers.
改善
6．When
I
passed
his
room，I
saw
him
papering
the
wall.
用纸糊
7．Their
jobless
total
reached
a
record
high
since
1940.
总数
8．If
they
are
nursed
properly，the
plants
will
flower
in
early
spring.
护理；开花
9．He
fooled
a
lot
of
people
into
believing
that
he
was
noble?minded.
欺骗；品德高尚的
10．After
work，the
saleswoman
didn't
head
straight
home.
女售货员；前往
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Reading
will
enlarge(large)
your
vocabulary.
2．When
he
is
low，I
often
encourage
(courage)
him.
3．Wait
and
see—the
problem
won't
just
disappear(appear)．
4.
Unfortunately
(unfortunate)，Chaplin
and
his
friend
didn't
find
any
gold
but
were
caught
in
a
snowstorm.
5．There
is
still
room
for
improvement(improve)
in
your
work.
6．The
amazing
(amaze)
thing
is
that
it
was
kept
secret
for
so
long.
7．The
two
girls
are
similarly
(similar)
dressed
and
I
can
hardly
tell
them
apart.
8．When
they
heard
of
it，they
immediately
(immediate)
came
to
my
help.
9．After
the
long
journey，the
three
of
them
returned
home，hungry
and
exhausted
(exhaust)．
10．She
felt
a
mixture
(mix)
of
excitement
and
fear
when
hearing
the
news.
Ⅲ.短文语法填空
English
is
a
language
1.
spoken
(speak)
all
around
the
world.There
are
more
than
40
countries
2.where
most
of
the
people
speak
English.What's
more，the
number
of
people
who
learn
English
3.
is
more
than
750
million.Everywhere
in
the
world
children
go
to
school
4.to
learn
(learn)
English.Most
people
learn
English
for
five
or
six
years
at
high
school.In
China，most
students
learn
English
at
school
5.as
a
foreign
language.
In
only
fifty
years，English
6.
has
developed
(develop)
into
the
language
most
7.widely
(wide)
used
in
the
world.English
is
the
working
language
of
most
international
organizations，international
trade
and
tourism.Businessmen
and
8.
tourists
(tourist)
often
come
to
China
without
being
able
to
speak
Chinese.Chinese
businessmen，taxi
drivers
and
students
talk
with
them
using
English.You
can
listen
to
English
songs
through
the
Internet.With
so
many
people
9.communicating
(communicate)
in
English
every
day，it
will
become
more
and
more
important
to
have
10.a
good
knowledge
of
English.
10/10课时分层作业(四)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Besides
the
cold
weather
and
low
temperatures，you
will
surely
see
something
unique
(独一无二的)
in
North
Pole.
2．He
set
two
alarm
(闹钟)
clocks
in
case
he
got
up
late.
3．Lisa
Iannucci's
book
was
finally
published
under
the
title(题目)
of
“My
Favourite
Star”
and
it
soon
became
popular
with
readers
of
all
ages.
4．You
can't
change
people
around
you，but
you
can
change
your
own
attitude
and
behavior
(举止)．
5．Molly
was
interested
in
English
and
American
culture，so
her
stories
mainly
reflect(反映)
the
British
and
American
life.
6．My
former
job
was
so
boring.I
wish
I
could
do
something
more
creative
(创造性的)
in
my
new
job.
7．The
students
began
to
feel
homesick
(想家的)
after
they
had
been
here
for
a
month.
8．Its
sculpture
was
judged
the
best
for
creativity
(创造力)，technical
skills
and
visual
impacts.
9．He
used
many
terms
in
his
speech
which
sounded
confusing(令人困惑的)
to
the
audience.
10．The
water
is
very
clear
and
plenty
of
fish
are
visible
(看得见的)．
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Nowadays
everyone
seems
to
think
that
they
know
English.Many
people
speak
it
but
few
speak
it
really
well.Practice
is
necessary
in
speaking
English
well.
Reading
is
also
one
of
the
things
that
will
help
you
to
speak
English
better.Read
whenever
you
can
and
whatever
you
like!
Read
papers
and
Internet
sites
that
you
like
in
English
every
day.Then，you
will
see
that
the
number
of
known
words
is
increasing
and
you
are
able
to
speak
with
more
skills.Then
you
will
have
made
the
foundations
and
a
good
basis
of
English.It
is
not
good
to
stop
and
get
stuck
there.
Going
to
England
or
an
English?speaking
country
is
a
good
choice，but
many
people
cannot
afford
it.If
you
cannot
go，reading
and
speaking
with
your
friends
will
also
help
you
to
practice
your
English.However，I
think
it
is
very
good
to
visit
some
English?speaking
country
to
see
and
test
your
knowledge
in
everyday
life.You
will
understand
the
everyday
usage
of
the
language
in
its
natural
environment.There
your
level
of
English
is
going
to
improve
even
faster.Your
ability
to
speak
English
is
better.Nothing
can
match
the
excitement
and
happiness
when
a
native
speaker
tells
you
that
your
English
is
very
good!
Finally，in
order
to
speak
English
well，you
must
be
persistent
and
do
it
every
day.It
is
like
playing
the
piano.Pianists
play
it
every
day
and
so
should
you.Include
English
in
your
life
and
you
will
see
where
it
is
going.Practice，practice!
Read，write
and
improve
your
language
skills
and
you
are
on
your
way
when
you
will
be
able
to
speak
it
with
more
and
more
confidence!
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了如何学好英语。
1．Which
of
the
following
would
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A．How
to
Improve
Your
Language
Skills
B．Speaking
English
C．How
to
Speak
English
Well
D．Practice，Practice!
C [标题归纳题。综合全文内容，结合第二段主题句“Reading
is
also
one
of
the
things
that
will
help
you
to
speak
English
better.”第三段主题句“Going
to
England
or
an
English?speaking
country
is
a
good
choice”第四段主题句“Finally，in
order
to
speak
English
well，you
must
be
persistent
and
do
it
every
day.”可知，本文主要介绍如何学好英语。]
2．What
does
the
writer
suggest
about
the
reading?
A．Trying
to
improve
your
vocabulary.
B．Keeping
on
reading
when
you
have
time.
C．Stopping
when
you
have
a
good
basis
of
English.
D．Looking
up
every
unknown
word
when
reading.
B [细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Read
whenever
you
can
and
whatever
you
like！”可知，关于阅读，作者建议只要有时间无论你喜欢什么，读就行。]
3．The
main
idea
of
the
last
paragraph
is
that
.
A．we
should
play
the
piano
every
day.
B．speaking
English
is
fun
and
entertaining
C．if
we've
learned
to
read
and
write，we'll
certainly
be
able
to
speak
D．we
should
practice
English
every
day
to
improve
our
speaking
skills
D [主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Practice，practice!
Read，write
and
improve
your
language
skills
and
you
are
on
your
way
when
you
will
be
able
to
speak
it
with
more
and
more
confidence！”可知，本段主要告诉我们要每天练习英语来提高口语能力。]
4．According
to
the
passage，what
may
make
the
author
excited?
A．Reading
papers
and
Internet
sites.
B．Having
a
good
basis
of
English.
C．Going
to
an
English
speaking
country.
D．A
native
speaker's
praise.
D [推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Nothing
can
match
the
excitement
and
happiness
when
a
native
speaker
tells
you
that
your
English
is
very
good！”可知，说母语的人的表扬能让你激动不已。]
B
People
from
Britain
and
Ireland
first
came
to
live
in
Australia
in
1788.They
brought
different
dialects
(方言)of
English
with
them.These
different
kinds
of
English
began
to
mix
and
change.The
newcomers
soon
began
to
speak
with
their
own
typical
accent(口音)and
vocabulary.More
and
more
people
came
to
Australia
during
the
Gold
Rush
in
the
19th
and
20th
centuries.Some
came
from
Britain
and
Ireland；others
came
from
non?English
speaking
countries.Australian
English
continued
to
grow
and
change.
Australian
English
has
also
been
influenced
by
American
English.During
the
Second
World
War，there
were
many
American
soldiers
staying
in
Australia.More
importantly，American
television
shows
and
music
have
been
popular
in
Australia
since
the
1950s.
Australians
use
many
words
that
other
English
speakers
do
not
use.The
famous
Australian
greeting，for
example，is
G'day!
A
native
forest
is
called
the
bush
and
central
Australia
is
called
the
outback.Many
words
were
brought
to
Australia
from
Britain
and
Ireland.For
example，mate
means
“friend”，and
it
is
still
used
in
Britain.Some
of
these
words
have
changed
in
meaning.Some
words
have
come
from
Australian
original
languages，many
of
which
are
names
for
animals，plants
and
places，like
dingo
and
kangaroo.
Australian
spelling
comes
from
British
spelling.In
words
like
organise
and
realise，?ise
is
the
expected
and
taught
spelling
method.In
words
like
colour,
favourite，?our
is
the
normal，but
nouns
such
as
the
Labor
Party
and
Victor
Harbor
are
spelled
with
?or.Program，on
the
other
hand，is
more
common
than
programme.
There
are
also
differences
in
the
definition
(定义)of
words
Australians
use
in
different
parts
of
the
country.For
example，football
means
“rugby”
in
New
South
Wales
and
Queensland，but
“Australian
rules
football”
in
everywhere
else
in
Australia.In
New
South
Wales，a
swimming
costume
is
called
a
cossie
or
swimmers，while
in
Queensland
it
is
called
togs
and
bathers
in
Victoria.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了澳大利亚英语的发展及其特点。
5．According
to
the
passage，which
of
the
following
is
spoken
only
by
Australians?
A．Mate.
B．Outback.
C．Program.
D．Rugby.
B [细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A
native
forest
is
called
the
bush
and
central
Australia
is
called
the
outback.”可知outback仅有澳大利亚人说。]
6．What
can
we
conclude
from
the
last
paragraph?
A．The
same
word
might
have
different
meanings
in
different
parts
of
Australia.
B．There
are
different
expressions
about
sports
in
Australia.
C．Australian
rules
football
is
the
most
popular
sport
in
Australia.
D．Australians
are
fond
of
sports
and
games.
A [推理判断题。根据最后一段“There
are
also
differences
in
the
definition
(定义)of
words
Australians
use
in
different
parts
of
the
country.”以及下文所举的例子可知同一个词在澳大利亚的不同地区可能有不同的意思。]
7．What
might
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A．The
History
of
Australia.
B．The
Development
of
Australian
English.
C．The
Birth
of
Australian
English.
D．Different
Kinds
of
English
Across
the
World.
B [标题归纳题。综合全文内容可知本文主要介绍了澳大利亚英语的发展及其特点。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Want
to
find
out
how
you
can
learn
a
new
language
quickly，without
the
need
for
expensive
classes
or
language
learning
software？
1
You
just
need
to
be
willing
to
work
hard
and
not
be
afraid
to
make
mistakes.The
following
specific
tips
may
help
you.
2
The
best
way
to
learn
a
new
language
is
to
speak
it.Too
often，people
spend
all
of
their
time
studying
grammar
and
memorizing
list
of
words.Speaking
with
a
real，live
person
will
help
you
to
feel
much
more
motivated
about
learning
the
language
than
staring
at
a
book
or
computer
screen.
Study
the
language
every
day.People
often
have
claimed
to
have
studied
a
language
“for
five
years”
and
still
not
be
fluent.But
when
they
say
five
years，they
probably
mean
that
they
studied
the
language
for
only
a
couple
of
hours
a
week
over
that
entire
time
period.
3
—if
you
want
to
learn
a
new
language
successfully，you're
going
to
have
to
study
the
language
every
day.
Carry
a
dictionary
at
all
times.Carrying
a
dictionary
with
you
will
save
you
a
lot
of
time.
4
It
can
be
an
actual，physical
dictionary，or
a
dictionary
app
on
your
phone—you
just
need
to
be
able
to
consult
it
quickly
whenever
you
need
a
word.
Watch，listen，read
and
write
in
your
chosen
language.Possibly
the
easiest
thing
you
can
do
is
watch
television
shows
or
movies
in
the
language
you
are
trying
to
learn.
5
Besides，download
podcasts
or
tune
in
to
radio
stations
in
your
new
language.This
is
a
great
way
to
immerse
yourself
in
the
language
while
you're
on
the
go.
A．Let's
get
one
thing
clear.
B．There
are
really
no
secrets.
C．So
get
one
as
soon
as
possible!
D．Connect
with
a
native
speaker.
E．Language
learning
is
based
on
repetition.
F．Carrying
a
dictionary
will
allow
you
to
find
the
necessary
word.
G．You
should
also
attempt
to
read
and
write
in
your
new
language.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了学习一门新语言的方法。
1．B [根据下文“You
just
need
to
be
willing
to
work
hard
and
not
be
afraid
to
make
mistakes.”可知学习语言没有什么秘密可言。]
2．D [根据第二段中的“The
best
way
to
learn
a
new
language
is
to
speak
it.”和“Speaking
with
a
real，live
person
will
help
you
to
feel
much
more
motivated
about
learning
the
language
than
staring
at
a
book
or
computer
screen.”可知学习一门新语言最好的方式就是和说母语的人进行交流。]
3．A [根据上文“But
when
they
say
five
years，they
probably
mean
that
they
studied
the
language
for
only
a
couple
of
hours
a
week
over
that
entire
time
period.”以及下文“if
you
want
to
learn
a
new
language
successfully，you're
going
to
have
to
study
the
language
every
day.”此处表示强调，“让我们弄清楚一件事”。]
4．C [C项中的one指代上文“Carrying
a
dictionary
with
you
will
save
you
a
lot
of
time.”中的a
dictionary。]
5．G [根据本段小标题“Watch，listen，read
and
write
in
your
chosen
language.”可知学习语言需要看、听、读和写。上文“Possibly
the
easiest
thing
you
can
do
is
watch
television
shows
or
movies
in
the
language
you
are
trying
to
learn.”提到了“看”，从下文“Besides，download
podcasts
or
tune
in
to
radio
stations
in
your
new
language.”中的podcasts
和
radio
stations可以看出是“听”，所以空格处应该是谈论“读和写”。]
6/6速读P14－15教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．We
travel
in
the
train
or
on
the
bus.
( )
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not
mentioned.
2．We
can't
say
we
get
homesick
when
we
get
back
home.
( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．The
meaning
of
homework
and
housework
is
the
same.
( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．When
we
see
sunshine，we
can
say
“it's
sunshining”．
( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．You
fill
in
a
form
by
filling
it
out.
( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BABBA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．but
we
don't
get
homesick
when
we
get
back
home
B．If
“hard”
is
the
opposite
of
“soft”
C．And
speaking
of
home
D．but
on
the
train
or
bus
E．If
harmless
actions
are
the
opposite
of
harmful
actions
F．but
we
take
a
photo
1．For
example，in
our
free
time
we
can
sculpt
a
sculpture
and
paint
a
painting，
.
2．While
we're
doing
all
this
traveling
we
can
get
seasick
at
sea，airsick
in
the
air
and
carsick
in
a
car，
.
3．And
when
we
are
traveling
we
say
that
we
are
in
the
car
or
the
taxi，
！
4．
，why
are
“hardly”
and
“softly”
not
an
opposing
pair?
5．
，why
are
shameless
and
shameful
behaviors
the
same?
6．
，why
aren't
homework
and
housework
the
same
thing?
[答案] 1－5 FADBEC
Ⅲ.表格填空
word
formation
·My
five?year?old
son
asked
me
whether
there
was
1.ham
in
a
hamburger.
word
usage
·In
our
free
time
we
can
sculpt
a
2.sculpture
and
paint
a
painting，but
we
take
a
photo.·When
we
are
traveling
we
say
that
we
are
in
the
car
or
the
taxi，but
3.on
the
train
or
bus！
grammar
usage
·When
we
look
out
of
the
window
and
see
rain
or
snow，we
can
say
“it's
raining”
or
“it's
snowing”．But
when
we
see
4.sunshine，we
can't
say
“it's
sunshining”.
word
reading
·When
you
see
the
capitalized
“WHO”
in
a
medical
report，do
you
read
it
5.as
the
“who”
in
“Who's
that？”
What
about
“IT”
and
“US”？
word
meaning
·While
we're
doing
all
this
traveling，we
can
get
seasick
at
sea，6.airsick
in
the
air
and
carsick
in
a
car，but
we
don't
get
homesick
when
we
get
back
home.·
Speaking
of
home，why
aren't
homework
and
housework
the
7.same
thing？·
If
“hard”
is
the
opposite
of
“soft”，
why
are
“hardly”
and
“softly”
not
an
8.opposing
pair？If
harmless
actions
are
the
opposite
of
9.harmful
actions，why
are
10.shameless
and
shameful
behaviors
the
same？
细读P14－15教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1
A．Give
some
examples
to
discuss
the
topic.
2．Paras.2－6
B．Conclude
the
topic
of
the
passage.
3．Para.7
C．Lead
to
the
topic
of
the
passage.
[答案] 1－3 CAB
Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案
1．What
is
the
structure
of
the
passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2．How
does
the
author
support
his/her
idea
in
the
passage?
A．By
listing
numbers.
B．By
making
comparison.
C．By
giving
some
examples.
D．By
using
some
research
results.
3．What
is
the
author's
purpose
in
writing
the
passage?
A．To
explain
how
English
was
created.
B．To
give
advice
on
how
to
learn
English.
C．To
tell
us
that
English
is
very
difficult
to
learn.
D．To
show
that
English
is
interesting
and
creative.
4．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
NOT
true
according
to
the
passage?
A．When
we
see
rain，we
can
say
“it's
raining”．
B．When
we
see
the
capitalized
“WHO”
in
a
medical
report，we
can
read
it
as
the
“who”
in
“Who's
that？”
C．Harmless
actions
are
the
opposite
of
harmful
actions.
D．We
can
see
the
stars
when
they
are
out.
5．What
do
the
two
phrases
“wind
up”
mean
in
the
last
sentence?
A．They
both
mean
“turn
a
handle”．
B．They
both
mean
“finish
or
stop
doing
sth.”．
C．The
first
means
“turn
a
handle”，the
second
means
“finish
or
stop
doing
sth.”．
D．The
first
means
“finish
or
stop
doing
sth.”，the
second
means
“turn
a
handle”．
[答案] 1－5 DCDBC
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能(一)——写出下列黑体词的同义词
1．And
speaking
of
home，why
aren't
homework
and
housework
the
same
thing？
mentioning
2．You
also
have
to
wonder
at
the
unique
madness
of
a
language
in
which
a
house
can
burn
up
as
it
burns
down，in
which
you
fill
in
a
form
by
filling
it
out，and
in
which
an
alarm
is
only
heard
once
it
goes
off！
makes
a
sudden
loud
noise
3．That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out，they
are
visible...
can
be
seen
5/51．sculpt
v．雕刻，雕塑→sculpture
n．雕刻品，雕像
2．oppose
v．反对→opposing
adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的
3．behave
v.
举止→behavior
n．举止，行为
4．confuse
v．使……困惑→confusing
adj.令人困惑的→confused
adj.困惑的→confusion
n.
困惑
5．alarm
n．警报器；闹钟→alarmed
adj.警觉的
6．reflect
v．显示，反映→reflection
n．显示，反映
7．create
v．创造→creative
adj.创造(性)的→creativity
n．创造性，创造力
8．visible
adj.看得见的，可见的→invisible
adj.看不见的
unique
adj.极好的，难得的，不同寻常的；特别的；独一无二的
①Each
person's
fingerprints
are
unique.
独一无二的
②This
is
a
unique
opportunity
to
study
these
creatures.
难得的
③One
reason
is
that
they
have
a
unique
learning
style.
特别的
Words
And
Phrases
知识要点1 have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.做某事有困难/麻烦
(教材原句P14) Have
you
ever
asked
yourself
why
people
often
have
trouble
learning
English?
你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学习英语很困难？
[例1] Many
parents
frankly
admit
that
they
have
trouble
bringing
up
their
children.
许多家长坦诚，他们在抚养子女的问题上有困难。
[例2] I
can
speak
a
little
Chinese，but
I
have
trouble
reading
and
writing
Chinese
characters.
我会说一点汉语，但是在阅读和书写汉字方面我有困难。
[翻译] 他没有告诉我他解决这个问题有多难。
He
didn't
tell
me
what
trouble
he
had
working
out
the
problem.
[知识拓展]
in
trouble
处于困境中
out
of
trouble
摆脱困境
get
into
trouble
陷入困境
get
sb.into/out
of
trouble
使某人陷入/摆脱困境
take
the
trouble
to
do
sth.
不辞辛劳做某事；费神做某事
have
trouble
with
sth.
做某事有困难/麻烦
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①If
you
are
in
trouble，Mike
is
always
willing
to
lend
a
hand.
②Whenever
we
have
trouble
with
our
studies，our
teachers
always
help
us
patiently.
③Thanks
for
the
trouble
you
have
taken
to
help
(help)
us.
④What
worries
me
is
that
I
am
really
having
trouble
collecting
(collect)
useful
information.
知识要点2 opposing
adj.
(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的
(教材原句P15) If
“hard”
is
the
opposite
of
“soft”，why
are
“hardly”
and
“softly”not
an
opposing
pair?
如果“hard”(坚硬的)是“soft”(柔软的)的反义词，为什么“hardly”(几乎不)和“softly”(柔软地)却不是一对反义词呢？
[例1]
My
sister
and
I
have
opposing
views
on
raising
children.
我的姐姐与我对于养育儿女持有相反的观点。
[例2] Throughout
the
negotiations
Tom
and
Jack
took
opposing
views.
整个谈判过程中，汤姆和杰克持的观点是对立的。
[知识拓展]
(1)opposite
adj.相反的，迥然不同的；对面的prep.在……对面adv.在对面n.对立面，对立的人(或物)
be
opposite
to
与……相反，在……对面
just
the
opposite
正好相反
(2)oppose
v.
反对，抵制
oppose
(doing)
sth.
反对(做)某事
(3)opposition
n.
[U](强烈的)反对，反抗
(4)opposed
adj.
强烈反对；(意见、看法等)截然不同
be
opposed
to
sth.
反对某事
[即学即练] 用oppose的适当形式填空
①The
couple
was
looking
forward
to
an
overseas
wedding
but
had
to
drop
the
idea
after
facing
opposition
from
parents.
②Not
everybody
agree
to
the
plan.Some
support
it，while
I
am
one
of
those
who
are
opposed
to
it.
③The
twins
have
opposing
attitudes
towards
life.Thus，one
is
living
happily，and
the
other
is
just
the
opposite.
知识要点3 behavio(u)r
n．行为，举止；表现方式
(教材原句P15) If
harmless
actions
are
the
opposite
of
harmful
actions，why
are
shameless
and
shameful
behaviors
the
same?
如果harmless
actions(无害的行为)是harmful
actions(有害的行为)的反义词，为什么
shameless
behaviors(无耻的行为)和shameful
behaviors(可耻的行为)是同义词呢？
[例1]
His
behavior
in
school
is
beginning
to
improve.他在学校的表现开始改善。
[例2]
It
is
necessary
to
reward
children
for
their
good
behavior.
对孩子们的良好行为给予奖励是有必要的。
[翻译] 汤姆因为在课堂上的恶劣行为被惩罚了。
Tom
was
punished
for
his
bad
behavior
in
class.
[知识拓展]
behave
v．
表现；表现得体，有礼貌
behave
well/badly
举止得当/不得当
behave
oneself
守规矩，行为检点
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My
cousin
Jim
didn't
behave
himself
(he)
at
the
party
and
thus
left
a
bad
impression
on
the
guests.
②The
boy
behaved
(behave)
well
at
the
banquet(宴会)and
everyone
praised
his
proper
behavior.(
behave)
③As
a
teacher，you
shouldn't
look
down
upon
those
students
who
behave
badly
(bad)
in
school.What
you
should
do
is
help
and
love
them.
[小片段填空]
Everyone
here
behaves
very
politely
and
tourists
are
deeply
impressed
with
their
elegant
behavior.(behave)
知识要点4 confusing
adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的，不清楚的
(教材原句P15) Even
the
smallest
words
can
be
confusing.
即使最简单的词也可能让人感到困惑。
[例1]
The
film
is
so
confusing
that
I
can't
understand
it.这部电影如此令人困惑以至于我看不懂。
[例2] The
instructions
on
the
box
are
confusing.
盒子上的使用说明令人费解。
[翻译] 对来自这三个地区的人们来说，这也许令人困惑。
This
may
be
confusing
for
people
from
these
three
regions.
[知识拓展]
(1)confuse
vt.
使迷惑，使糊涂；混淆
confuse
A
with/and
B
把A和B混淆
(2)confused
adj.
困惑的，糊涂的(常用来修饰人或人的
表情、声音等)
be
confused
about...
对……感到困惑
(3)confusion
n.
困惑；困窘；混乱局面
in
confusion
困惑地；困窘地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Be
careful
not
to
confuse
“abroad”with/and“aboard”．The
two
words
are
very
similar.
②He
looked
at
me
in
confusion
(confuse)
and
did
not
answer
the
question.
③When
you
are
confused
about
some
words
in
reading，you
can
refer
to
the
dictionary.
[小片段填空]
They
confused
me
by
asking
so
many
confusing
questions.I
was
totally
confused，standing
there
in
confusion
and
not
knowing
what
to
do
next.(confuse)
知识要点5 (教材原句P15) You
also
have
to
wonder
at
the
unique
madness
of
a
language
in
which
a
house
can
burn
up
as
it
burns
down，in
which
you
fill
in
a
form
by
filling
it
out，and
in
which
an
alarm
is
only
heard
once
it
goes
off!
你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。在这门语言中，当一座房子“被烧毁”(burns
down)时它就“烧毁”(burn
up)了；你通过“填写它”(filling
it
out)的方式“填写表格”(fill
in
a
form)；闹钟只有在它响起(goes
off)时才被听到！
(1)burn
up烧毁；烧尽
[例1] Aerobic
exercise
gets
the
heart
pumping
and
helps
you
to
burn
up
the
fat.
有氧运动加速心脏跳动，有助于消耗更多脂肪。
[例2] Most
of
the
woodland
has
now
been
burnt
up.
现在大多数林地被烧光了。
[翻译] 快走比慢跑消耗更多的热量。
Brisk
walking
burns
up
more
calories
than
slow
jogging.
[知识拓展]
burn
down
烧毁，烧掉(多指建筑物被烧塌)
burn
sth.off
烧掉某物
burn
(sth.)
out
烧坏；燃尽
burn...to
the
ground
把……彻底烧毁
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
bushfire
actually
helped
to
burn
off
a
lot
of
dead
undergrowth.
②The
fire
had
burnt
out
before
the
fire
engines
arrived.
③The
great
fire
burned
the
teaching
building
to
the
ground.
④She
was
worried
that
the
house
might
burn
up/down
while
they
were
away.
(2)alarm
n．[U]惊恐，惊慌；[C]警报器，警报；闹钟vt.使担心，使害怕，使惊恐
[例1]
Set
the
alarm
for
6
o'clock，or
you
will
be
late
for
the
flight
tomorrow.
把闹钟定在6
点钟，否则你明天会误了航班。
[例2]
The
captain
knew
there
was
a
fault
in
an
engine
but
he
didn't
want
to
alarm
the
passengers.
船长知道有一台发动机出了故障，不过他不想惊动乘客。
[翻译] 我敲了所有的门让大家警觉。
I
knocked
on
all
the
doors
to
raise/sound
the
alarm.
[知识拓展]
(1)in
alarm
惊慌地(常作方式状语)
raise/sound
the
alarm
发出警报
(2)alarming
adj.
使人惊恐的，令人惊慌的
(3)alarmed
adj.
担心，害怕
be/feel
alarmed
by/at
sth.
因某事而担心/害怕
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
⑤The
rainforests
are
disappearing
at
an
alarming(alarm)rate，which
should
arouse
the
government's
attention.
⑥Hearing
a
loud
noise
outside
his
door，he
jumped
up
in
alarm.
⑦People
were
alarmed
at/by
a
series
of
campus
fires
in
recent
years.In
each
of
these
accidents，many
deaths
were
reported.
知识要点6 reflect
v．显示，表明；反射；反映，映出(影像)；沉思，认真思考
(教材原句P15) English
was
invented
by
people，not
computers，and
it
reflects
the
creativity
of
the
human
race.
英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。
[例1]
The
literature
of
a
period
reflects
its
values.
某一时期的文学可反映出该时期的价值观。
[例2]
She
could
see
her
face
reflected
in
the
car's
windshield.
她看到自己的脸映照在汽车玻璃上。
[翻译] 山脚下，阳光照在湖面上，使它在富饶乡村(景色)的映衬下，如钻石般闪耀璀璨。
At
the
foot
of
the
mountains，the
sunshine
reflects
on
the
lake，making
it
shine
like
diamonds
against
the
rich
countryside.
[知识拓展]
(1)reflect
sb./sth.in
sth.
在……里映出……
reflect
on/upon...
认真思考……
(2)reflection
n.
反射；映像；沉思
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Our
school
motto
reflects
(reflect)
the
importance
we
place
on
good
manners，hard
work
and
success.
②The
lake
is
calm
and
clear，and
one
of
the
things
that
are
reflected
in
the
water
is
the
famous
tower.
③I
think
you
should
stop
for
a
moment
and
reflect
on/upon
your
success
and
failure.
④What
one
culture
considers
a
confusing
or
awkward
pause
may
be
seen
by
others
as
a
valuable
moment
of
reflection(reflect)and
a
sign
of
respect
for
what
the
last
speaker
has
said.
知识要点7 wind
up
给(机械)上发条；摇动(把手等)；使(活动、会议等)结束
(教材原句P15) And
that
is
why
when
I
wind
up
my
watch，it
starts，but
when
I
wind
up
this
passage，it
ends.
那也是为什么当我给手表wind
up(上紧)发条时，它开始走，但是当我wind
up(结束)这篇文章时，它就到结尾了。
[例1] The
President
is
about
to
wind
up
his
visit
to
China.
总统即将结束对中国的访问。
[例2] After
he
got
into
the
car，he
started
winding
the
window
up.
上了车以后，他开始摇上车窗。
[知识拓展]
wind
one's
way
蜿蜒前进
wind
down
放松一下
wind
up
doing
最终做；最终落得
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
find
it
difficult
to
wind
down
after
a
day
at
work.
②I
wound
up
doing
(do)
the
job
just
to
keep
my
customers
happy.
③The
Great
Wall
winds
its
(it)
way
from
west
to
east，through
valleys，over
mountains，across
deserts
until
at
last
it
reaches
the
sea.
Sentence
Patterns
重点句式1 neither...nor...既不……也不……
(教材原句P14) Neither
is
there
pine
nor
apple
in
pineapple.
pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。
句式分析：neither...nor...既不……也不……，连接句中两个并列的句子成分，当连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
[例1] Neither
was
my
wife
nor
my
parents
able
to
persuade
my
daughter
to
change
her
mind.
我妻子和我父母没能说服我女儿改变主意。
[例2] Neither
has
he
done
it，nor
will
he
do
it.
他没有做过这事，他以后也不会做这事。
[造句] 理论没有实践不行，实践没有理论也不行。
Neither
could
theory
do
without
practice，nor
could
practice
do
without
theory.
[知识拓展]
(1)可以单独使用
neither
作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。
(2)neither
或
nor表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用
neither
或
nor
的部分倒装句进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither
/
Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。
[翻译]
①他们俩都不喜欢足球。
Neither
of
them
likes
football.
②昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去。
They
didn't
go
to
the
park
yesterday.Neither/
Nor
did
we.
重点句式2 get
sb.doing
使某人一直做或者处于某状态
(教材原句P14) This
got
me
thinking
how
English
can
be
a
crazy
language
to
learn.
这让我不禁思考，英语学起来怎么会是一门疯狂的语言。
句式分析：get
sb.doing
使某人一直做或者处于某状态，宾语与宾补之间为主动关系，且宾补动作一直在进行。
[例1] He
tried
to
get
the
machine
running.
他尽力让机器转着。
[例2] Who
can
get
the
water
running?
谁能让水流着？
[造句] 我们一启动加热器，汽车就开始预热。
Once
we
got
the
heater
going，the
car
started
to
warm
up.
[知识拓展]
(1)get
sb.to
do
sth.
使某人做某事
(2)get
sth.done
使某事被做
[翻译] ①医生将让那位病人戒烟。
The
doctor
will
get
the
patient
to
stop
smoking.
②你最好去理发。
You'd
better
go
and
get
your
hair
cut.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
managed
to
get
the
car
moving(move)．
②If
you
can
get
them
to
talk(talk)，your
problem
is
solved.
③I
got
that
broken
window
replaced(replace)
at
last.
重点句式3 That/This
is
why...那/这就是……的原因。
(教材原句P15) That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out，they
are
visible，but
when
the
lights
are
out，they
are
invisible.
那就是为什么星星出来(out)时，它们可以被看到(visible)，但是当灯熄灭(out)后，它们不能被看到(invisible)。
句式分析：That/This
is
why...意为“那/这就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，表示结果。
[例1] That's
why
more
and
more
foreigners
are
interested
in
learning
Chinese.
那就是越来越多的外国人对学汉语感兴趣的原因。
[例2] That's
why
I
insist
the
trip
along
the
Yangtze
River
will
be
a
better
choice.
那就是我坚持认为长江之行是更好的选择的原因。
[造句] 那就是为什么鱼类喜欢浅水而不是深水的原因，因为前者更温暖些。
That
is
why
fish
prefer
shallow
water
to
deep
water
because
the
former
is
warmer.
[知识拓展]
(1)This/That/It
is
because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，表示原因)
(2)The
reason
why...is/was
that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因)
[翻译]
①Maybe
it's
because
we
have
seldom
sat
down
and
exchanged
our
feelings
and
thoughts.
那可能是因为我们很少坐下来交流思想感情。
②The
reason
why
he
wasn't
admitted
into
a
key
university
was
that
his
grades
were
too
low.
他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低。
[即学即练] 一句多译
他从一棵很高的树上摔下来。那就是他弄伤腿的原因。
①He
fell
from
a
tall
tree.That's
why
he
hurt
his
leg.
②He
hurt
his
leg.That's
because
he
fell
from
a
tall
tree.
③The
reason
why
he
hurt
his
leg
was
that
he
fell
from
a
tall
tree.
教材
高考
1.That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out，they
are
visible，but
when
the
lights
are
out，they
are
invisible.
(2018·浙江卷)This
is
why
there
is
a
saying
that
if
you
want
something
done，ask
a
busy
person
to
do
it.
2.Neither
is
there
pine
nor
apple
in
pineapple.
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
Without
motivation，you
can
neither
set
a
goal
nor
reach
it.
3.English
was
invented
by
people，not
computers，and
it
reflects
the
creativity
of
the
human
race.
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
But
that
changed
when
a
system
of
high?tech
mirrors
was
introduced
to
reflect
sunlight
from
neighboring
peaks
(山峰)
into
the
valley
below.
4.You
also
have
to
wonder
at
the
unique
madness
of
a
language
in
which
a
house
can
burn
up
as
it
burns
down，in
which
you
fill
in
a
form
by
filling
it
out，and
in
which
an
alarm
is
only
heard
once
it
goes
off！
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
Set
your
alarm
clock
an
hour
early
and
push
yourself
to
work
out！
5.Have
you
ever
asked
yourself
why
people
often
have
trouble
learning
English？
(2018
·天津卷)If
your
awareness
is
as
sharp
as
it
could
be，you'll
have
no
trouble
answering
these
questions.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She
is
satisfied
with
the
children's
good
behavior
(behave)．
2．His
writing
is
so
confusing
(confuse)
that
it
is
difficult
to
make
out
what
it
is
he
wants
to
express.
3．Your
clothes
are
often
a
reflection
(reflect)
of
your
personality.
4．Though
they
are
twins，they
have
opposing
(oppose)
ideas
about
it.
5．As
a
teacher，we
should
encourage
a
student's
creativity(create)．
6．The
mountains
are
invisible
(visible)
because
of
the
clouds.
7．Her
sculpture
(sculpt)
will
be
on
show
at
the
museum
until
the
end
of
this
month.
8．Alarmed
(alarm)
by
the
noise，the
birds
flew
away.
9．I've
got
a
cold；that
is
why
I
wouldn't
like
to
have
a
meal.
10．My
duty
was
to
get
the
four
of
us
studying
(study)
the
subject.
Ⅱ.选词填空
look
out
of，what
about，speaking
of...，go
off，for
example，burn
up，have
trouble
in，fill
in，wind
up，in
one's
free
time
1．Do
you
know
how
much
energy
you
will
burn
up
during
the
relay
race?
2．Look
out
of
the
window!
It's
snowing.
3．If
we
all
agree，let's
wind
up
the
discussion.
4.
Speaking
of
bicycle，some
people
think
it
has
outdated
in
many
big
cities.
5．Please
fill
in
this
form，giving
your
name，age
and
address.
6．We
often
have
trouble
in
using
neutral
pens
because
of
its
limited
ink
and
other
inconvenience.
7．Prices
have
risen
sharply.The
price
of
vegetables，for
example，has
risen
by
over
10%.
8．The
gun
went
off
and
the
bullet
went
flying
over
his
head.
9．I
play
tennis
in
my
free
time.What
about
you?
10．What
about
going
out
for
a
walk
after
supper?
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Have
you
ever
asked
1.yourself
(you)
why
people
often
have
trouble
2.learning
(learn)
English?
I
hadn't，until
one
day
my
five?year?old
son
asked
me
3.whether
there
was
ham
in
a
hamburger
or
not.This
got
me
thinking
how
English
can
be
a
crazy
language
4.to
learn
(learn)．
Even
the
smallest
words
can
be
5.
confusing
(confuse)．You
also
have
to
wonder
at
the
unique
madness
of
a
language
in
6.which
a
house
can
burn
up
as
it
burns
down，and
in
which
an
alarm
7.is
heard
(hear)
once
it
goes
off!
English
was
invented
by
people，not
computers，and
it
reflects
the
8.creativity
(create)
of
the
human
race.That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out，they
are
visible，but
when
the
9.lights
(light)
are
out，they
are
invisible.And
that
is
why
when
I
wind
up
my
watch，it
starts，10.but
when
I
wind
up
this
passage，it
ends.
12/12Ⅰ.匹配词义
( )1.sculpt
A．adj.令人困惑的
( )2.sculpture
B．n.雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品
( )3.opposing
C．adj.看得见的，可见的
( )4.confusing
D．v.雕刻，雕塑
( )5.visible
E．adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的
( )6.burn
up/down
F．给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束
( )7.speaking
of
G．烧毁，烧尽
( )8.in
one's
free
time
H．在某人的业余时间
( )9.fill
in/out
I．说到，谈及
( )10.wind
up
J．填充
[答案] 1－5 DBEAC 6－10 GIHJF
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．title
n.
题目，标题
2．behavior
n.
举止，行为
3．unique
adj.
独一无二的，独特的
4．alarm
n.
警报器；闹钟
5．reflect
v.
显示，反映
6．creativity
n.
创造性，创造力
7．creative
adj.
创造(性)的
Ⅰ.语境填词
confusing，alarm，visible，reflect，title，unique，sculpt，,behavior，creativity，opposing
1．—How
can
you
wake
up
so
early?
—Set
the
alarm
at
5：00
and
you'll
make
it.
2．The
number
of
college
graduates
in
a
country
can
reflect
its
cultural
standards.
3．The
city
filled
with
unique
buildings
is
a
city
for
lovers
of
history，architecture
and
food.
4．The
improper
behavior
of
some
judges
made
Chinese
players
upset.
5．He
had
the
opposing
view
and
felt
that
the
war
was
immoral.
6．A
good
teacher，like
a
child
in
his
soul，should
have
the
creativity，imagination
and
exploration
ability.
7.In
part
one
you
will
see
how
to
sculpt
the
primary
forms
of
the
hand.
8．Do
you
know
what
the
title
of
her
new
book
is?
9．The
fish
was
visible
below
the
surface
of
the
river.
10．Sometimes
the
same
word
has
a
slightly
different
meaning，which
can
be
confusing.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．It's
confusing
(confuse)
for
graduates
to
be
faced
with
20
job
offers.
2．At
our
meeting
we
heard
two
opposing
(oppose)
opinions.
3．The
house
is
clearly
visible
(vision)
from
miles
away.
4．The
writing
of
stories
or
plays
is
often
called
creative
(create)
writing.
5．Agricultural
land
is
disappearing
at
an
alarming
(alarm)
rate.
6．In
the
museum
there
is
a
marble
sculpture(sculpt)of
Venus.
7．It's
bad
behavior
(behave)
to
smoke
in
public
places
where
smoking
isn't
allowed.
8．If
your
kids
are
bad，it's
a
reflection
(reflect)
on
you.
1．This
got
me
thinking
how
English
can
be
a
crazy
language
to
learn.
这让我不禁思考，英语学起来怎么会是一门疯狂的语言。
2．You
also
have
to
wonder
at
the
unique
madness
of
a
language
in
which
a
house
can
burn
up
as
it
burns
down，in
which
you
fill
in
a
form
by
filling
it
out，and
in
which
an
alarm
is
only
heard
once
it
goes
off!
在这门语言中，当一座房子“被烧毁”(burns
down)时它就“烧毁”(burn
up)了；你通过“填写它”(filling
it
out)的方式“填写表格”(fill
in
a
form)；闹钟只有在它响起(goes
off)时才被听到！
3．That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out，they
are
visible，but
when
the
lights
are
out，they
are
invisible.
那就是为什么星星出来(out)时，它们可以被看到(visible)，但是当灯熄灭(out)后，它们不能被看到(invisible)。
4．And
that
is
why
when
I
wind
up
my
watch，it
starts，but
when
I
wind
up
this
passage，it
ends.
那也是为什么当我给手表wind
up(上紧)发条时，它开始走，但是当我wind
up结束这篇文章时，它就到结尾了。
名师圈点
①have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.做某事有困难
②ham
n．火腿
③eggplant
n．茄子
④pine
n．松树
⑤pineapple
n．菠萝
⑥sculpt
v.
雕刻，雕塑
sculpture
n.
雕刻品，雕像
⑦seasick
adj.
晕船的
airsick
adj.
晕机的
carsick
adj.
晕车的
homesick
adj.想家的
⑧speaking
of...讲起……，说到……
⑨opposite
n．对立的人(或物)，对立面adj.相反的；对面的
opposing
adj.相反的；对立的
oppose
vt.反对，抵制
⑩harmless
adj.无害的，不会导致损伤的
harmful
adj.
有害的，导致损害的
?ful是形容词后缀，表示“充满……，有……倾向的，有……性质的”，常用在名词后构成形容词。
?less是形容词后缀，表示“无……的，没有……的”，常用在名词后构成形容词。
?shameless
adj.无耻的，没廉耻的
shameful
adj.可耻的，丢脸的
?behavior
n.
举止，行为
?confusing
adj.令人困惑的(修饰事物)
?capitalize
vt.
把……首字母大写；为……提供运营资本
?wonder
v.
感到诧异，非常想知道
n．惊讶；奇迹
wonder
at对……感到诧异
(it's)
to
wonder
that... ……不足为奇/并不奇怪
?unique
adj.独一无二的，独特的
?madness
n.
疯狂；愚蠢行为
?ness是名词后缀，常用在形容词后，构成名词。
?burn
up烧毁，烧尽
burn
down(建筑物)(被)烧毁
?fill
in填写(表格等)
fill
out
填写(表格等)
?alarm
n．警报器；闹钟
reflect
v.
显示；反映，映出；深思
creativity
n．创造(性)的，有创造力的
human
race人类
visible
adj.
看得见的，可见的
invisible
adj.看不见的
否定前缀in?放在形容词前，构成其反义词，意为“不……的，非……的”。
wind
up给(机械)上发条，使(活动、会议等)结束
原文呈现
Neither
Pine
nor
Apple
in
Pineapple
1．Have
you
ever
asked
yourself
why
people
often
have
trouble
learning①
English?
I
hadn't，until
one
day
my
five?year?old
son
asked
me
whether
there
was
ham②
in
a
hamburger.【1】
There
isn't.This
made
me
realize
that
there's
no
egg
in
eggplant③
either.Neither
is
there
pine④
nor
apple
in
pineapple⑤.【2】This
got
me
thinking
how
English
can
be
a
crazy
language
to
learn.【3】
【1】整个句子是“not...until...”句式。“I
hadn't”是“I
hadn't
asked
myself”的省略形式，until引导时间状语从句。在该时间状语从句中，whether引导的从句作asked的直接宾语，whether在此意为“是否”。
【2】“neither...nor...”是并列连词，意为“既不…….又不……”；此处否定词Neither
位于句首，故句子用倒装结构。
【3】句中how引导的从句作thinking的宾语。句中“got
me
thinking”是“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构，此处用现在分词thinking作宾补。
2．For
example，in
our
free
time
we
can
sculpt⑥
a
sculpture
and
paint
a
painting，but
we
take
a
photo.And
when
we
are
traveling
we
say
that
we
are
in
the
car
or
the
taxi，but
on
the
train
or
bus！While
we're
doing
all
this
traveling，we
can
get
seasick⑦at
sea，airsick
in
the
air
and
carsick
in
a
car，but
we
don't
get
homesick
when
we
get
back
home.【4】And
speaking
of⑧
home，why
aren't
homework
and
housework
the
same
thing?
【4】本句为由并列连词but引导的并列复合句。第一个分句中，While引导时间状语从句；第二个分句中，when引导时间状语从句。
3．If
“hard”
is
the
opposite⑨
of
“soft”，
why
are
“hardly”
and
“softly”
not
an
opposing
pair?
If
harmless⑩
actions
are
the
opposite
of
harmful
actions，why
are
shameless?
and
shameful
behaviors?
the
same?
4．When
we
look
out
of
the
window
and
see
rain
or
snow，we
can
say
“it's
raining”
or
“it's
snowing”．But
when
we
see
sunshine，we
can't
say
“it's
sunshining”．
5．Even
the
smallest
words
can
be
confusing?.When
you
see
the
capitalized?
“WHO”
in
a
medical
report，do
you
read
it
as
the
“who”in“Who's
that？”【5】What
about
“IT”
and
“US”？
6．You
also
have
to
wonder?
at
the
unique?
madness?
of
a
language
in
which
a
house
can
burn
up?
as
it
burns
down，in
which
you
fill
in?
a
form
by
filling
it
out，and
in
which
an
alarm?
is
only
heard
once
it
goes
off
【6】！
【5】When引导时间状语从句。过去分词capitalized在从句中作定语，修饰“WHO”。
【6】三个“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句修饰先行词a
language。在第一个定语从句中，as引导时间状语从句；第三个定语从句中，once引导条件状语从句。
7．English
was
invented
by
people，not
computers，and
it
reflects
the
creativity
of
the
human
race.That
is
why
when
the
stars
are
out，they
are
visible，but
when
the
lights
are
out，they
are
invisible
【7】．And
that
is
why
when
I
wind
upmy
watch，it
starts，but
when
I
wind
up
this
passage，it
ends.
【7】That
is
why...意为“这就是……的原因”，为固定句型。此句型中why引导的是表语从句。
译文参考
菠萝≠松树＋苹果
1．你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学习英语很困难？我以前从未想过这个问题，直到有一天我五岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡)里是否有ham(火腿)。没有。这让我意识到，eggplant(茄子)里也没有egg(蛋)；而pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。这让我不禁思考，英语学起来怎么会是一门疯狂的语言。
2．例如，闲暇时我们可以sculpt
a
sculpture(雕刻一件雕塑品)，paint
a
painting(画一幅)，但是要说take
a
photo(拍张照片)。旅行时，我们说我们in
the
car(在小汽车里)或in
the
taxi(在出租车里)，但是要说on
the
train(在火车上)或on
the
bus(在公共汽车上)！旅游期间，我们可能会在海(sea)上晕船(seasick)、在空(air)中晕机(airsick)、在汽车(car)上晕车(carsick)，但回到家(home)时不会“晕家”说到家，为什么homework(家庭作业)和housework(家务劳动)不是一回事呢？
3．如果“hard”(坚硬的)是“soft”(柔软的)的反义词，为什么“hardly”(几乎不)和“softly”(柔软
地)却不是一对反义词呢？如果harmless
actions(无害的行为)是harmful
actions(有害的行为)的反义词，为什么shameless
behaviors(无耻的行为)和shameful
behaviors(可耻的行为)是同义词呢？
4．当我们向窗外看去，看到rain雨)或snow(雪)时，我们可以说“it's
raining”(下雨了)或“it's
snowing”(下雪了)，但我们看到sunshine(阳光)时，我们不能说“it's
sunshining”(下阳光了)。
5．即使最简单的词也可能让人感到困惑。在医学报告中看到大写的“WHO”时，你会将它理解为“Who's
that？”(那是谁)中的“who”(谁)吗？那么
“IT”和
“US”呢？
6．你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。在这门语言中，当一座房子“被烧毁”(burns
down)时它就“烧毁”(burn
up)了；你通过“填写它”(filling
it
out)的方式“填写表格”(fill
in
a
form)；闹钟只有在它响起(goes
off)时才被听到！
7．英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。那就是为什么星星出来(out)时，它们可以被看到(visible)，但是当灯熄灭(out)后，它们不能被看到(invisible)。那也是为什么当我给手表wind
up(上紧)发条时，它开始走，但是当我wind
up(结束)这篇文章时，它就到结尾了。
7/7Ⅰ.匹配词义
( )1.petrol
A．n.靴子
( )2.apartment
B．n.上下文，语境
( )3.context
C．n.一套住房，公寓套房
( )4.boot
D．n.蛙，青蛙
( )5.frog
E．n.汽油
( )6.come
across
F．谨慎行事；避免冒险
( )7.be
aware
of
G．(尤因喉咙痛)说话困难
( )8.have
a
frog
in
one's
throat
H．(偶然)遇见，发现；被理解
( )9.to
one's
astonishment
I．意识到，察觉到
( )10.play
safe
J．令某人惊讶的是
[答案] 1－5 ECBAD 6－10 HIGJF
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．contact
v.
联系，联络
2．likely
adj.
可能的，可能发生的
3．addition
n.
增加物，添加物
4．remind
v.
提醒，使……想起
5．comment
n.
评论
6．actually
adv.
事实上，实际上
7.
negative
adj.
消极的，负面的
8.
intend
v.
计划，打算
9．recognise
v.
认识，辨认出
10．base
v.
以……为基础
Ⅰ.语境填词
subway，downstairs，negative，resource，recognise，,remind，comment，section，rather，entrance
1．Rose
ran
downstairs
to
answer
the
door.
2．The
website
provides
the
most
valuable
new
computer
resource
for
people
all
over
the
country.
3．The
teacher
paused
on
purpose
to
remind
the
students
to
stop
talking.
4．The
little
boy
told
me
that
he
lived
near
the
business
section
of
the
city.
5．He
made
no
comment
on
our
decision
at
the
conference.
6．The
weather
of
today
is
rather
hot
compared
to
this
time
last
year.
7．You
can
take
the
subway
No.1
to
get
Tian'anmen
Square.
8．Don't
let
others'
negative
attitude
towards
life
disturb
your
own
life.
9．The
machine
can
recognise
handwritten
characters
and
turn
them
into
the
printed
text.
10．Shall
we
meet
him
at
the
main
entrance
to
the
school?
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The
two
groups
met
for
informal
(formal)
talk
last
Sunday.
2．Different
stages
of
sleep
actually
(actual)
give
you
different
types
of
brain
and
body
benefits.
3．She
stood
on
deck
to
gaze
at
the
unfamiliar (familiar)
surroundings.
4．I
am
proud
of
being
a
member
of
this
organization
(organize)．
5．In
addition(add)，the
tuition
is
too
high
for
their
families
to
pay
for.
6．It
is
important
that
the
students
develop
an
awareness
(aware)
of
how
the
Internet
can
be
used.
7．The
incident
served
as
a
timely
reminder(remind)of
just
how
dangerous
mountaineering
can
be.
8．Our
city
has
changed
beyond
all
recognition
(recognize)
in
the
past
20
years，a
completely
new
one
in
front
of
me.
9．I
came
with
the
intention
(intend)
of
staying，but
now
I've
decided
to
leave.
10．He
is
unlikely
(likely)
to
find
the
place
where
he
lived
forty
years
ago.
1．One
day，a
different
teacher
took
our
class.
有一天，另外一个老师给我们代课。
2．Poor
Maggie—but
why
did
she
try
to
eat
such
a
big
frog?
可怜的玛吉老师——可是她为什么要吃那么大的青蛙呢？
3．At
the
information
desk
at
the
entrance，I
asked
a
lady
where
the
shoe
section
was.
我在入口处问服务台的女士卖鞋的地方在哪里。
4．The
British
must
have
really
high
standards.
英国人的标准一定很高很高。
5．I
knew
I
had
done
a
good
job
and
was
looking
forward
to
getting
a
positive
comment.
我知道我干得不错并期待着获得好评。
3/3根据P20－21教材课文内容选择正确答案
1．What's
the
purpose
of
the
passage?
A．To
discuss
methods
to
learn
English.
B．To
stress
the
importance
of
the
English
outside
the
world.
C．To
introduce
the
funny
or
strange
stories
about
using
English.
D．To
encourage
the
students
to
use
English
as
much
as
possible.
2．It
can
be
inferred
from
the
first
paragraph
that
.
A．People
are
not
interested
in
the
topic.
B．People
are
too
shy
to
give
their
opinions.
C．People
think
the
topic
is
funny.
D．People
respond
enthusiastically
to
the
topic.
3．What
do
we
know
about
Maggie
according
to
the
passage?
A．She
ate
a
big
frog.
B．She
played
safe
with
what
she
ate.
C．She
had
a
sore
throat
and
couldn't
speak.
D．She
was
an
English
teacher
in
summer
school
in
London.
4．In
Paragraph
4
“negative”
probably
means
.
A．not
good
B．very
funny
C．a
bit
disappointing
D．too
confusing
5．Which
of
the
statements
is
NOT
true
according
to
the
passage?
A．“The
first
floor”
in
America
may
be
called
“the
ground
floor”
in
another
country.
B．When
we
say
someone
is
“wicked”，we
only
want
to
show
the
person
is
bad.
C．If
you
want
to
go
to
“The
first
floor”
in
America
when
you
enter
a
building，you
should
go
upstairs.
D．In
China，we
use
“Not
bad！”
to
show
something
is
good.
[答案] 1－5 CDCAB
Words
And
Phrases
知识要点1 come
across
偶然发现；偶然遇见，碰见；被理解
(教材原句P17) When
you
open
a
dictionary，you
often
come
across
a
lot
of
unfamiliar
words.
当你打开词典，你经常碰见许多不熟悉的单词。
[例1] He
spoke
for
a
long
time
but
his
meaning
did
not
come
across.
他讲了很久，但没把意思讲明白。
[例2] I
absent?mindedly
turned
the
pages
of
the
phone
book
and
came
across
a
city
map.
我无意中翻开电话簿的一页，偶然发现了一张城市地图。
[翻译] 今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。
I
came
across
an
old
school
friend
in
Oxford
Street
this
morning.
[知识拓展]
come
about
发生
come
out
出版；出来
come
to
来到；合计，总共是；苏醒过来
come
to
an
end
结束
come
up
with
赶上；提出
come
into
being
形成；产生
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Can
you
tell
me
when
your
new
book
will
come
out?
②When
we
read
newspapers，we
often
come
across
such
English
words
as
“AIDS”
and
“PK”．
③Our
class
came
up
with
the
idea
to
make
better
use
of
the
used
materials.
④Can
you
tell
me
how
the
accident
came
about?
知识要点2 contact
vt.联系，联络
(教材原句P17) a
friend
that
you
contact
by
writing，traditionally
using
a
pen
一个你通过书写联系的朋友，传统上是用钢笔
[例1] I
contacted
my
uncle
as
soon
as
I
went
to
Beijing.
我一到北京就和我的叔叔联系上了。
[例2] There
is
little
contact
between
the
two
organizations.
这两个机构之间没有什么联系。
[翻译] 详情请与我们当地办事处联系。
For
further
details，please
contact
our
local
office.
[知识拓展]
get
into
contact
with＝make
contact
with
与……取得联系
keep
in
contact
with...
与……保持联系
lose
contact
with...
与……失去联系
be
in/out
of
contact
with...
与……有/没有联系
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①You'd
better
get
into
contact
with
him
as
soon
as
possible.
②Have
you
kept
in
contact
with
our
classmates
after
graduation?
I
have
lost
touch
with
most
of
them.
知识要点3 likely
adj.可能的，可能发生的adv.或许，可能
[例1] Snow
showers
are
likely
tomorrow.
明天可能有阵雪。
[例2] I'd
very
likely
have
done
the
same
thing
in
your
situation.
我要是处在你这种情况，也有可能会那样做的。
[翻译] 这条法规可能会产生什么样的影响？
What
are
the
likely
effects
of
the
law
going
to
be?
[知识拓展]
(1)be
likely
to
do
sth.
很可能做某事
It
is
likely
that...
很可能……
not
likely
绝不可能，才不呢(表示强烈反对)
(2)unlikely
adj.
不太可能的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
more
you
hurry，the
less
progress
you
are
likely
to
make
(make)．
②It
is
very
likely
that
my
parents
will
not
allow
me
to
go.
③Where
there
is
a
will
there
is
a
way，so
you
are
unlikely(likely)
to
be
jobless
for
long.
知识要点4 remind
v．提醒，使想起
(教材原句P20) Here
are
some
of
our
favourites，to
remind
us
that
some
of
the
English
we
learn
in
the
classroom
is
rather
different
from
the
English
in
the
outside
world!
以下列出了我们最喜爱的几条，用以提醒大家，我们在课堂上学到的英语跟外部世界的英语大不相同！
[例1] This
song
reminded
me
of
my
childhood.
这首歌使我想起了我的童年。
[例2] He
reminded
me
not
to
forget
my
promise.
他提醒我不要忘了我的诺言。
[翻译] 请提醒他明早有个重要的会议。
Please
remind
him
that
there
is
an
important
meeting
tomorrow
morning.
[知识拓展]
remind
sb.of
sth.
提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
remind
sb.(not)to
do
sth.
提醒某人(不要)做某事
remind
sb.that...
提醒某人……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
reminded
me
to
turn
(turn)
off
the
lights
when
I
go
out.
②It
reminds
me
of
my
days
when
I
joined
in
the
military
training
after
I
entered
the
senior
high
school.
③My
teacher
often
reminds
me
that
I
should
keep
calm
in
examinations.
知识要点5 comment
n．[C，U]评论，议论v.发表意见，评论
(教材原句P20) 325
comments
325条评论
[例1] She
made
helpful
comments
on
my
work.
她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。
[例2] Someone
made
a
comment
that
working
in
a
hospital
was
like
fighting
in
a
war.
有人评论道，在医院里工作跟在战场上打仗似的。
[翻译] 到目前为止，库克先生仍未就这些报道发表评论。
So
far，Mr
Cook
has
not
commented
on
these
reports.
[知识拓展]
make
comments/a
comment
on/about...
对……发表评论
offer
comments
提意见
comment
on/upon...
对……进行评论
comment
that.../make
a
comment
that
评论说……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句写作
①When
I'm
tired
of
working
on
the
stories，I
can
go
online
and
find
my
readers
commenting
on/upon
my
stories
or
telling
me
when
I
make
mistakes.
②Don't
offer
comments
(comment)
if
you
cannot
understand
the
real
meaning.
③他评论说这部电影值得一看。
He
commented
that
the
film
was
worth
seeing./He
made
a
comment
that
the
film
was
worth
seeing.
知识要点6 intend
v．计划，打算，想要
(教材原句P22) morally
wrong
and
intending
to
hurt
people
在道德上是错误的，并且打算伤害他人
[例1] Mr
White
is
back
home
now
and
intends
to
write
a
book
about
his
adventure.
怀特先生现在回家了，打算写一本关于他的奇遇的书。
[例2] He
intends
his
son
to
take
over
his
business.
他打算让他的儿子接管他的生意。
[翻译] 这些房间用于小组讨论和研讨会。
These
rooms
are
intended
for
group
discussion
and
seminars.
[知识拓展]
(1)intend
doing
sth.../to
do
sth.
打算/想要做某事
intend
sb.to
do
sth.
想要某人做某事
be
intended
for...(＝be
meant
for)
是为……而提供/设计的
(2)intention
n.
意图，目的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Yesterday
I
found
a
book
in
the
bookstore
by
chance
which
was
intended
for
bird
lovers.
②This
is
the
website
which
I
intend
to
add/adding
(add)
to
my
favourites
to
help
me
learn
how
to
write
poems.
③He
left
England
with
the
intention(intend)
of
travelling
in
Africa.
知识要点7 recognise
vt.认识，辨认出；承认；公认
(教材原句P24) recognise
differences
between
American
English
and
British
English
辨认出美式英语和英式英语之间的差异
[例1] Jack
has
changed
so
much
that
I
can
hardly
recognise
him.
杰克变化这么大，我几乎认不出他。
[例2] We
have
to
recognise
that
there
are
shortcomings
in
our
work.
我们不得不承认我们的工作中有缺点。
[翻译] 我们认为他是一个勤奋诚实的人。
We
recognise
him
as/to
be
a
hard?working
and
honest
person.
[知识拓展]
(1)recognise
sb./sth.as/to
be
承认……是……
recognise
that...
承认……
It
is
recognised
that...
人们公认……
(2)recognition
n.
认出；认识
beyond
recognition
无法辨认
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In
the
company，he
is
recognised
(recognise)
as
a
strict
leader.
②Our
city
has
changed
beyond
all
recognition
(recognise)
in
the
past
20
years.
③It
is
recognised
that
this
is
the
best
way
to
do
the
work.
知识要点8 base
vt.以……为根据/基础；基于n.基部；基地；基础
(教材原句P24) write
a
story
based
on
given
pictures
根据给定的图片写一个故事。
[例1] One
should
always
base
his
opinion
on
facts.
一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。
[例2] In
my
diary，I
set
down
a
series
of
things
that
are
all
based
on/upon
facts.
在我的日记里，我记下了一系列有事实根据的事情。
[翻译] 以一个真实的故事为基础，这部电影非常受欢迎。
Based
on
a
true
story，the
film
is
very
popular.
[知识拓展]
(1)base...on...
以……为……的基础
be
based
on/upon
以……为基础/依据
at
the
base
of
在……底部
(2)based
adj.
在……居住(或工作)；
基地(或总部)在……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They
settled
down
at
the
base
of
the
mountain.
②The
research
group
produced
two
reports
based(base)
on
the
survey，but
neither
contained
any
useful
suggestions.
③We
are
based(base)in
Chicago.
知识要点9 be/become
aware
of
对……知道、明白；意识到，察觉到
(教材原句P24) be
aware
of
cultural
differences
意识到文化的差异
[例1] In
conclusion，people
around
the
world
should
be
aware
of
the
real
situation
of
water
shortage.
总之，全世界的人们应该意识到水资源短缺的真实情况。
[例2] As
a
member
of
society，I'm
aware
that
being
responsible
is
what
it
takes
to
make
a
better
society.
作为社会的一员，我意识到有责任感是建设更好社会所需要的。
[翻译] 这个计划有什么缺点，希望大家提出来。
We
hope
that
you
will
not
hesitate
to
make
us
aware
of
any
shortcomings
which
you
may
find
in
this
plan.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
aware
that
...
知道/体会到……
as
far
as
I'm
aware
据我所知
(2)awareness
n.
意识；认识
develop
an
awareness
of...
培养……的意识
raise
awareness
提高认识
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It
is
important
that
the
students
develop
an
awareness
(aware)
of
how
the
Internet
can
be
used.
②John
has
been
aware
of
having
done
something
wrong.
③We
are
aware
that
smoking
is
harmful
to
our
health.
Sentence
Patterns
重点句式1 not
only...but
also...不仅……而且……
(教材原句P20) Not
only
can
you
post
specific
questions，but
you
can
also
broaden
your
knowledge
by
reading
posts
from
other
English
learners
around
the
world.
你不仅能发帖问具体的问题，而且还能通过阅读世界各地学习者的帖子拓宽你的知识。
句式分析：not
only
...but
(also)
...连接两个并列分句，且not
only位于句首时，not
only所在的分句需使用部分倒装。
[例1] Not
only
does
the
sun
give
us
light，but
also
it
gives
us
heat.
太阳给我们提供光与热。
[例2] Not
only
do
teachers
pass
on
knowledge
to
children，but
they
also
teach
children
how
to
behave
themselves.
老师不仅把知识传授给孩子们，而且还教孩子们如何做人。
[造句] 他们不仅学习努力，而且很聪明。
Not
only
do
they
study
hard，but
also
they
are
clever.
[知识拓展]
(1)not
only...but...不仅……，而且……，其中but后省略了also。
(2)not
only
...but
(also)
...
连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称与数遵循“就近原则”。
[翻译]
①英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。
The
British
and
the
Americans
not
only
speak
the
same
language
but
(also)
share
a
large
number
of
social
customs.
②不但学生们反对这个计划，这个老师也反对。
Not
only
the
students
but
also
the
teacher
was
against
the
plan.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Not
only
Lucy
but
also
her
family
are
(be)
fond
of
travelling
around
the
world.
②保护视力不仅是个人的事，更是值得公众关注的。
Protecting
our
eyesight
is
not
only
a
personal
concern
but
also
a
public
one.
重点句式2 here引起的倒装句
(教材原句P20) Here
are
some
of
our
favourites，to
remind
us
that
some
of
the
English
we
learn
in
the
classroom
is
rather
different
from
the
English
in
the
outside
world!
句式分析：Here
are...为全部倒装结构。以here，there，in，out，up，down，away，back，now，then等副词开头的句子，如果主语是名词，常用全部倒装。
[例1] Here
are
a
few
tips
to
help
you
make
your
first
impression.
这是帮你留下第一印象的一些提示。
[例2] The
door
opened
and
out
rushed
the
children.
门开了，孩子们冲了出来。
[造句] 我们一直盼望的时刻来了。
Then
came
the
moment
we
had
been
looking
forward
to.
[知识拓展]
(1)当表示地点的介词词组位于句首时，为加强语气，常用全部倒装。
(2)有时为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时，需要全部倒装。
[翻译] ①城南坐落着一座大型钢厂。
South
of
the
city
lies
a
big
steel
factory.
②我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。
Gone
are
the
days
when
we
used
foreign
oil.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①By
the
window
sat
(sit)
a
young
man
with
a
magazine
in
his
hand.
②Here
are(be)
the
steps
of
the
experiment.
推理判断题
推理判断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。
[例题剖析]
I
am
learning
how
to
get
along
with
others.I
am
learning
how
to
solve
problems.I
am
finding
out
about
new
things
from
people，and
realizing
my
mistakes.I
am
learning
how
to
stand
up
for
myself.I
am
learning
how
to
say
sorry.These
are
all
important
skills
to
learn.My
problem
is
that
the
time
for
lunch
and
our
other
breaks
keep
getting
shorter.I
know
this
is
happening
so
we
can
spend
more
time
in
class
learning.But
please
do
not
forget
that
we
are
also
learning
at
lunchtime.We
are
learning
people
skills.It
is
important
that
we
have
enough
time
to
spend
with
our
friends.
◆What
can
we
infer
from
this
paragraph?
A．Students
can
learn
many
skills
at
lunchtime.
B．What
important
skills
Anderson
has
learned.
C．Kids
should
make
good
use
of
their
lunchtime.
D．How
Anderson
gets
along
with
his
friends.
A [推理判断题。根据本段中的“But
please
do
not
forget
that
we
are
also
learning
at
lunchtime
...spend
with
our
friends.”可知，学生可以在午餐时间学习多项技能。]
[即学即练]
快速阅读，确定下列推理判断题的答案
Most
of
Houston
seems
to
be
returning
to
normal.Schools，restaurants，retail
stores
and
gas
stations
are
open.Smiles
are
back.But
harder?hit
places，including
Galveston，will
take
much
longer
to
recover.Hundreds
of
people
are
still
missing，and
coastal
towns
are
a
mess.Some
ruins
from
storm
have
drifted
south
to
other
beaches
in
Texas.Several
public
schools
in
Galveston
are
closed
because
of
water
damage.Parents
are
registering
kids
in
other
area
schools
which
are
scheduled
to
begin
class
on
November
13.Many
school
supplies
were
destroyed.
It
can
be
inferred
that
the
residents
in
Houston
.
A．have
fully
recovered
from
the
disaster
B．were
the
most
unlucky
people
in
the
disaster
C．need
a
long
time
to
bring
their
life
back
to
normal
D．suffered
less
from
Hanna
than
people
in
Galveston
[答案]
D
11/11名言潮语Language
is
the
dress
of
thought.语言是思想的外衣。—Samuel
JohnsonLanguage
is
the
only
instrument
of
science，and
words
are
but
the
signs
of
ideas.语言是科学的唯一工具，而词则是思想的符号。—Samuel
JohnsonLanguage
is
the
amber
in
which
a
thousand
precious
and
subtle
thoughts
have
been
safely
embedded
and
preserved.语言是孕育着千百种宝贵和微妙思想的琥珀。—Richard
C．TrenchLanguages
are
to
be
learned
only
by
reading
and
talking，and
not
by
scraps
of
authors
got
by
heart.语言只有通过读和说才能学会，决不是凭记住一些作家的片言只字。—John
Locke
Speaking
of
the
ways
to
study
a
foreign
language，different
people
have
different
opinions
on
this.Here
are
6
tips
to
simplify
your
language
learning.1.Have
a
word
of
the
day.2.Speak
the
language
as
much
as
you
can
(especially
with
native
speakers).3.Listen
to
foreign
language
radio，even
as
background
noise.4.Look
up
words
you
don't
know
in
a
dictionary.5.When
you
make
a
mistake，immediately
try
to
correct
yourself.6.Carry
around
a
notebook
and
write
down
new
words
you
learn.
美文欣赏On
the
video
website
of
The
Wall
Street
Journal，a
word
has
attracted
people's
attention.In
order
to
report
the
news
that
Chinese
elderly
women
help
increased
the
gold
price，The
Wall
Street
Journal
creates
the
word
“dama”(elderly
women)，an
English
word
which
comes
from
Chinese
Pinyin.This
shows
that
English
expressions
which
are
contributed
by
China
have
integrated
into
every
aspect
of
international
life.Words
that
are
“borrowed”from
another
language，such
as
“dama”，are
called
“loanwords”．This
is
not
a
new
phenomenon
in
linguistics
(语言学).Since
modern
times，Chinese
vocabulary
has
borrowed
many
English
words，such
as
“copy”，“cool”and“cola”．These
words
are
vivid
and
highly
literal.Retaining
the
English
pronunciation，they
can
express
their
Chinese
meaning.Meanwhile，English
words
that
derive
(来自)
from
Chinese
Pinyin
can
be
seen
in
overseas
media
reports.About
10
years
ago，foreigners
took
delight
in
talking
about
“guanxi”
(relationship)．Unlike
“relationship”，“guanxi”is
used
to
describe
the
unique
and
complex
relative
network
in
China.Later，this
word
was
included
in
Rules
and
Networks，a
business
college
textbook
used
in
many
English?speaking
countries.Global
Language
Monitor
thinks
highly
of
Chinglish
in
terms
of
a
global
vision
and
the
development
of
English，calling
Chinglish
a
“delightful
mixture”.Most
of
the
English
words
come
from
other
languages，such
as
Latin，German
and
French.Now，an
increasing
number
of
English
words
are
contributed
by
China.
[探索发现]1.Find
out
the
main
idea
of
the
passage.
2.Find
out
the
examples
of
Chinese
vocabulary
borrowed
from
English
words.
3.Find
out
the
languages
that
most
of
the
English
words
come
from.
[答案] 1.An
increasing
number
of
English
words
are
contributed
by
China.
2．“Copy”，“cool”and
“cola”．
3．Latin，German
and
French.
3/3写一篇关于误解的故事
本单元的写作项目是讲述一件有关误解的趣事，该类作文以叙述为主，突出趣事的发生、发展和结果。
[基本框架]
1．开头——交代故事的时间、地点、人物等。
2．主体——叙述趣事引发的误会、困惑和惊讶。
3．结尾——消除误解。
[常用词块]
1．prepare
for准备
2．keep
silent保持沉默
3．break
the
ice打破僵局
4．without
hesitation毫不犹豫地
5．on
purpose
故意地
6．can't
help
doing
sth.禁不住做某事
7．burst
into
laughing
突然大笑起来
8．as
a
result结果，因此
9．result
in导致
10．end
up结束
[常用语句]
精彩开头
1．There
was
an
interesting
experience/story
happening
in
2017，which
I
still
remenber
now.
2017年发生了一件有趣的经历/故事，现在我仍然记得。
2．It
was
a
beautiful
day
and
the
sun
was
shining.
那天天气很好，阳光明媚。
3．Up
to
now，I
still
remember
one
interesting/terrible/embarrassing
thing
which
happened
years
ago.
直到现在，我仍然记得多年前发生的一件有趣/糟糕/尴尬的事。
丰满主体
1．To
begin
with，he
told
us
that
it
was
important
to
learn
about
the
background
of
some
words.
首先，他告诉我们了解一些单词的背景很重要。
2．Seeing
us
puzzled，he
gave
us
further
explanation
about
that
idiom.
看到我们大惑不解，他就对那个习语作了进一步的解释。
3．When
we
realised
that
we
had
misunderstood
his
meaning，we
couldn't
help
laughing.
当我们意识到误解了他的意思时，我们禁不住笑了起来。
余味结尾
1．It
turns
out
that...结果是……
2．Since
then
I
have
worked
hard
at
my
lessons.
自从那时以来，我努力学习功课。
3．I
secretly
swore
that
I
would...
我秘密发誓，我将……
根据提示情节，用英语编写一个故事。
Yesterday，we
went
to
Fred's
birthday
party.After
all
the
dishes
were
served，he
told
us
that
he
had
bigger
fish
to
fry.
Note:
Having
bigger
fish
to
fry
in
English
means
having
something
more
important
to
do.
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[参考范文]
Yesterday
was
my
classmate
and
friend
Fred's
birthday
and
I
was
invited
to
have
dinner
at
his
home
with
some
other
classmates.
When
we
arrived，he
had
prepared
all
the
food
for
us.We
expressed
our
best
wishes
to
him
and
presented
him
with
our
small
gifts.Then
we
sat
around
the
table，enjoying
the
delicious
food.A
few
minutes
later，Fred
got
up
from
his
seat
and
answered
a
call.Returning
to
the
table，he
told
us
that
he
had
bigger
fish
to
fry
and
asked
us
to
wait
a
moment.We
all
expected
him
to
bring
us
some
fish
when
he
returned.However，he
came
back
with
nothing
soon.I
asked
where
the
fish
was，which
made
him
very
puzzled.Suddenly，he
realised
that
I
misunderstood
him，so
he
explained
to
us
that
having
bigger
fish
to
fry
means
having
more
important
to
do
in
English.We
all
laughed
and
continued
our
dinner.
1/3课时分层作业(六)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Most
people
already
know
some
of
the
more
obvious(明显的)differences
between
British
and
American
English.American
English
leaves
out
the
“u”
in
colour，neighbour，honour，etc.Most
people
also
know
that
a
lot
of
words
mean
different
things
in
them:
a
boot
is
the
trunk
of
your
car，a
jumper
is
a
sweater，and
thongs
are
flip?flops.But
there
are
some
subtle
differences
between
the
two
that
you
might
not
have
noticed
at
first
sight.
This
is
by
no
means
a
list
of
differences
between
the
two.However，with
British
TV
shows
on
American
screens
and
vice
versa(反之亦然)，not
to
mention
their
interaction(相互影响)we're
able
to
see
on
the
Internet，it's
possible
that
some
British
or
American
words
have
come
into
each
other's
vocabulary，so
some
differences
are
starting
to
disappear.
First，speakers
of
British
and
American
English
have
different
preposition
preferences.These
little
words
are
so
small
that
you
might
not
have
noticed
the
differences
when
talking
to
your
British
or
American
friends.Each
example
is
grammatically
correct，but
one
or
the
other
might
sound
a
little
strange
to
you
depending
on
where
you're
from：British
English:
I
will
come
home
at
the
weekend.American
English:
I
will
see
her
on
the
weekend.
Second，there
are
a
lot
of
differences
in
regular
and
irregular
verbs
in
British
and
American
English.That
means
that
we
add
various
endings
on
some
verbs
in
one
dialect
that
we
don't
in
the
other，but
people
can
accept
both
of
them.A
couple
of
the
verbs
that
are
irregular
in
British
English
are
burn，learn，and
smell.These
words
are
all
regular
in
American
English.For
example：BE：She
burnt
the
toast.AE：She
burned
the
toast.
There
are
also
a
couple
of
verbs
that
are
irregular
in
American
English
but
are
regular
in
British
English，including
dive，fit，and
wet.For
example:
BE:
She
dived
into
the
lake.
AE:
She
dove
into
the
lake.
There
are
other
differences
between
British
and
American
English.Both
of
them
have
developed
over
time，and
they
have
a
deep
influence
upon
each
other.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英式英语与美式英语之间的细微差别。
1．Why
do
the
differences
between
British
and
American
English
become
fewer?
A．Because
the
Internet
develops
so
fast.
B．Because
TV
shows
have
influence
on
them.
C．Because
dictionaries
of
them
are
changed.
D．Because
they
accept
some
words
into
each
other's
vocabulary.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段“it's
possible
that
some
British
or
American
English
words
have
come
into
each
other's
vocabulary，so
some
differences
are
starting
to
disappear.”可知，英式英语与美式英语的区别变少是因为他们融入了一些彼此的词汇。]
2．What
can
we
know
about
the
preposition
preferences?
A．They
are
usually
hard
to
find.
B．They
can
be
found
mainly
through
sounds.
C．They
may
cause
some
grammatical
mistakes.
D．They
are
greatly
valued
by
British
and
American
people.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段“These
little
words
are
so
small
that
you
might
not
have
noticed
the
differences
when
talking
to
your
British
or
American
friends.”可知，介词的使用偏好一般很难被发现。]
3．What
can
we
infer
about
the
differences
in
regular
and
irregular
verbs?
A．They
just
appear
in
British
English.
B．They
are
mainly
found
in
American
English.
C．They
cause
problems
in
communication.
D．They
may
not
influence
people's
understanding.
D [推理判断题。根据第四段“That
means
that
we
add
various
endings
on
some
verbs
in
one
dialect
that
we
don't
in
the
other，but
people
can
accept
both
of
them.”可知，规则和不规则的动词变化不影响人们对意义的理解。]
B
Have
you
ever
considered
all
the
English
expressions
that
include
words
about
clothes?
Let's
have
a
look.
People
wear
pants
to
cover
the
lower
part
of
their
bodies.We
sometimes
say
that
people
who
are
nervous
have
ants
in
their
pants.Sometimes，people
may
get
caught
with
their
pants
down.They
are
found
doing
something
they
should
not
be
doing.And，in
every
family，one
person
takes
control.Sometimes
a
wife
tells
her
husband
what
to
do.Then
we
say
she
wears
the
pants
in
the
family.
Pants
usually
have
pockets
to
hold
things.Money
that
is
likely
to
be
spent
quickly
can
burn
a
hole
in
your
pocket.Sometimes
you
need
a
belt
to
hold
up
your
pants.If
you
have
less
money
than
usual，you
may
have
to
tighten
your
belt.
I
always
praise
people
who
can
save
their
money
and
not
spend
too
much.I
really
take
my
hat
off
to
them.Yet，as
to
my
own
money，I
spend
it
at
the
drop
of
a
hat.
Boots
are
a
heavy
or
strong
kind
of
shoes.People
who
are
too
big
for
their
boots
think
they
are
more
important
than
they
really
are.I
dislike
such
people.
My
father
is
an
important
person.He
runs
a
big
company.He
wears
a
suit
and
tie，and
a
shirt
with
sleeves
that
cover
his
arms.Some
people
who
do
not
know
him
well
think
he
is
too
serious
and
never
shows
his
feelings
openly.But
I
know
that
my
father
wears
his
heart
on
his
sleeve.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了和衣服有关的一些表达。
4．If
we
say
someone
has
to
tighten
his
belt，we
probably
mean
he
.
A．has
done
something
wrong
B．used
to
live
a
rich
life
C．has
put
on
the
wrong
pants
D．is
short
of
money
D [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If
you
have
less
money
than
usual，you
may
have
to
tighten
your
belt.”可知，如果你的钱比平常少，你可能不得不勒紧你的腰带。]
5．Someone
who
spends
his
money
at
the
drop
of
a
hat
most
probably
.
A．never
wastes
his
money
B．earns
much
money
C．doesn't
save
money
D．spends
more
than
he
earns
C [细节理解题。根据第四段“Yet，as
to
my
own
money，I
spend
it
at
the
drop
of
a
hat.”可知，当谈到我自己的钱，花我自己的钱的时候，我总是毫不犹豫就花个精光。]
6．We
can
use
the
expression
“wear
one's
heart
on
one's
sleeve”
to
describe
someone
who
.
A．gets
angry
easily
B．shows
his
feelings
openly
C．looks
very
serious
D．often
wears
a
suit
and
tie
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some
people
who
do
not
know
him
well
think
he
is
too
serious
and
never
shows
his
feelings
openly.But
I
know
that
my
father
wears
his
heart
on
his
sleeve.”结合连词but可知，前后意思是相反的，由此可判断父亲不是一个严肃的人，是一个坦率表达自己情感的人。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Jim
slumped
(颓然跌坐)
on
the
couch.Mother's
Day
was
coming
up，but
he
didn't
have
a
present.“How
can
I
buy
a
present
without
any
money？”
he
thought.
Jim
picked
up
the
newspaper
that
was
lying
on
the
couch.He
noticed
a
large
advertisement
on
the
front
page.The
local
department
store
was
sponsoring
a
contest
(比赛)．“Tell
us
why
your
mom
is
special
and
win
a
shopping
spree
(疯狂购物)
for
her，”
said
the
advertisement.
“This
is
perfect！”
thought
Jim.He
ran
to
his
room
with
the
newspaper.Taking
a
pencil
and
a
blank
piece
of
paper
from
his
desk，he
started
to
write.
“My
mom
is
the
best
mother
in
the
world.She
always
makes
lunch
for
me
to
take
to
school，and
she
never
forgets
my
dessert.She
reads
as
many
books
to
me
before
bed
as
I
want.She
always
remembers
to
check
under
the
bed
for
monsters.And
she
gives
the
best
hug，but
never
in
front
of
my
friends，who
would
laugh
at
me
for
hugging
my
mom.”
Jim
liked
what
he
had
written.He
copied
it
neatly
and
got
an
envelope
and
a
stamp
from
his
dad.He
ran
to
the
mailbox
with
his
entry
(参赛作品)．“Mom
will
love
having
a
shopping
spree，”he
thought.
Jim
checked
the
mailbox
every
day
for
his
prize.Days
passed
by，and
then
weeks.Soon
it
was
the
day
before
Mother's
Day.Jim
still
hadn't
heard
anything
about
the
contest.
“What
am
I
going
to
do
now？”
he
wondered.He
didn't
have
a
present，and
he
didn't
have
a
shopping
spree.And
he
still
didn't
have
money.
He
had
to
think
of
something.Jim
closed
his
eyes
and
curled
his
toes
and
thought
hard.
Paragraph
1：
Suddenly
he
had
an
idea.
Paragraph
2：
The
next
morning
Jim
handed
his
present
to
his
mom.
[参考范文]
Paragraph
1：
Suddenly
he
had
an
idea.Jim
looked
at
the
advertisement
in
the
newspaper
again.He
then
found
his
original
contest
entry
and
copied
it，but
this
time
in
bright
red
crayon
on
his
biggest
piece
of
yellow
construction
paper.Then
he
decorated
the
paper
with
purple
glitter
and
glued
a
picture
of
his
mom
to
the
bottom.
Paragraph
2：
The
next
morning
Jim
handed
his
present
to
his
mom.“Happy
Mother's
Day！”
he
yelled.Mom
read
Jim's
poster.By
the
time
she
had
finished，she
was
smiling
and
crying
at
the
same
time.“Thank
you，”
she
said，wiping
her
eyes.“This
is
the
best
present
I
have
ever
had.”
Jim
grinned.“Maybe
we
missed
a
shopping
spree.However，I
have
something
else
for
you，too.”
He
said.He
checked
to
make
sure
no
one
was
looking，and
then
he
gave
his
mother
a
great
hug.
6/6
