(共33张PPT)
Unit 2
Warming up and reading
Let’s enjoy a poem.
Who Has Seen the Wind
Who Has Seen the Wind
—By Christina Rossetti
Who has seen the wind
Neither I nor you.
But when the leaves hang trembling,
The wind is passing through.
Who has seen the wind
Neither you nor I.
But when the trees bow down their heads,
The wind is passing by.
The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched.
They must be felt with the heart.
He who doubts the existence of God should turn his face to the wind.
For though the wind is invisible to the naked eye,
it can be felt and heard, and even seen by looking at its effect on all the earth.
poem
poet
poetry
style
emotion
imagination
image
topic
Try to find out some related words
rhythm
rhyme
Do you remember any little poems or songs you learned when you were a child
Do you remember any poems you have read in high school, either in Chinese or in English Can you recite any
I seek but seek in vain,
I search and search again;
I feel so sad , so drear,
so lonely, without cheer.
寻寻觅觅,
冷冷清清,
凄凄惨惨戚戚。
《声声慢》-- 李清照
If winter comes,
can spring be far behind
Percy Bysshe Shelley
--- Ode to the west wind
冬天来了,
春天还会远吗
《西风颂》-- 雪莱
If you would ask me how my sorrow has increased,
Just see the over-brimming river flowing east!
问君能有几多愁，恰是一江春水向东流。
《虞美人》--- 李煜
How long will the bright moon appear Wine-cup in hand, I ask the sky.
I do not know what time of year,
It would be tonight in the palace on high.
明月几时有？把酒问青天 不知天上宫阙，今夕是何年？
《水调歌头》-- 苏轼
I look for her in vain.
When all at once I turn my head,
I find her there where lantern light is dimly shed.
众里寻他千百度， 蓦然回首， 那人却在， 灯火阑珊处。
《青玉案. 元夕》辛弃疾
There are many reasons why people write poems.
to create certain feelings or images
in readers
to share s feeling or experience
to express a point of view
to tell a story
to create a mood
…
people seasons
the sea deaths
the war power
friendship pets
the countryside imagination
peace nature
Topics may include:
style
funny
serious
realism
fantasy
romantic
classical
modern
nature
Song /Tang Dynasty
Do you have any favorite poet Can you recite any of her / his poems
Do you know about these poets
Li Bai
(701-762)
Du Fu
(712–770)
Zang Kejia
(1905—2004)
Shu Ting
(1952- )
Do you know about these poets
William Shakespeare
(1564～1616)
154 sonnets
George Gordon Byron
(1788—1824 )
Don Juan
Percy Bysshe Shelley
(1792～1822)
Ode to the West Wind
Robert Frost (1874～1963)
America
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882 ）
America
Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) India
Do you know about these poets
Read the text as you listen.
What is the main topic of the reading passage
The main topic is some simpler
forms of English poems.
five
kinds
Nursery
rhymes
List
poems
Haiku
Cinquain
Tang
poems
童谣 清单诗 俳句诗 五行诗 唐诗
How many kinds of poems the text mentions What are they
What is each poem about
Poem A:
a nursery rhyme that illustrates a father’s love for his baby
Poem B:
an amusing nonsense poem which describes images of some ridiculous things
Poem C:
about losing a football match and the writer lists a lot of excuses for their failure
Poem D:
a description of a lovely brother
Poem E:
a description of hot and boring summer
Poem F:
describing how a butterfly rests on a tree
Poem G:
describing that the weather is warmer and the village is full of happy children
Poem H:
a translation of a Tang poem, which describes a woman who waits for her beloved husband to come back from a journey
Forms of poems Feature
Nursery rhymes
List poems
Cinquain
Haiku
Tang poems
Strong rhythm and rhyme, a lot of
repetition, easy to learn and to recite
Repeated phrases and some rhyme
Made up of five lines, convey a strong picture in just a few words
Give a clear picture and create
a special feeling in just a few words
Free form
Fill in the chart according to the passage.
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.
There are two poems that have a
strong rhythm. Which ones are they
2. Which poem or poems give you a clear picture in your mind
Poems A and B.
Poems D, F, G and H.
3. In Poem C, how many excuses does the author give Does the author really believe his or her excuses How do you know
The author gives three excuses. The author
doesn’t believe the excuses, because at the
end of the poem the speaker admits that
they just did not play well enough to win.
4. What is the story that Poem H tells Tell the story in your own words.
A woman’s husband has gone away. The
woman waits for him by the river where
she last saw him. She waits and waits,
never moving from that spot and never
speaking, while the river continues to
flow and the wind and rain come and go.
5. Which poem do you like best Why
I like Poem H best because I enjoyed the rhyming words; it was funny; I understand the writer’s feelings; I liked the sounds of the language; I could see a very clear picture in my mind; it is such a sad story.
Review the text carefully and finish the comprehending 2-3 on page 11.
Find out the important and difficult words and expressions to you and finish exercises on page 12.
Clerihews is a humorous rhyming verse form invented by Edmund Clerihew Bentley (1875-1956).
Clerihew Bentley
What I like about Clive
Is that he is no longer alive.
There is a great deal to be said
For being dead.
by Edmund Clerihew Bentley
Example:
Line 1: one word (subject or noun)
Line 2: two words (adjectives) that describe line 1
Line 3: three words (action verbs) that relate to line 1
Line 4: four words (feelings or a complete sentence) that relates
to line 1
Line 5: one word (synonym of line 1 or a word that sums it up)
Cinquain
A Threat
Stormclouds,
casting shadows
over weary soldiers,
threaten to cry heavy buckets
of tears.
Example:(共27张PPT)
Unit 2
Using language (2)
(Page 48)
Do you enjoy Chinese poetry Why or why not
Do you enjoy writing or listening to poetry
Listen and say whether each student likes writing and / or listening to poetry.
Read the questions. Then listen to the teacher, Mr. Tanner, and three students, Wu Zhe, Lily and Chelsea, talking about their feelings about poetry.
Who enjoys listening to poetry
Who enjoys writing poetry
Lily and Chelsea.
Lily and Chelsea.
Listen to the conversation again and match the reasons he / she enjoys or doesn’t enjoy poetry.
Wu Zhe
Lily
Chelsea
Poetry is like music.
It’s rubbish.
I like playing with words.
The language in poetry is strange.
Poetry takes you to a different
world.
You don’t have to follow grammar rules.
LILY: My heart sinks! Poetry, yuck!
WU ZHE: I love listening to it too ... But I'd
much rather be writing it.
CHELSEA: Sometimes I feel inspired and the
right words just come spilling out.
Listen to the tape again. Match each student with the words they said and note the different feelings of the three students about poetry when they say the following words.
Discussion
What are your feelings about poetry
Compare them with the speakers in the listening.
Sample
S1: I enjoy listening to poetry especially if
the reader is an expressive reader. I close
my eyes and it is like listening to music.
S2: Really I don’t like reading or listening
to poetry. Poetry’s rubbish if you ask
me. I would prefer a good pop song.
S1: Then you really miss a lot. It takes you to
another place in your mind. I like writing
it too. I enjoy playing with words and
sentences and lines.
S2: I think it sounds silly. People just write
anything as long as it sounds right. They
don’t seem to care about the meaning.
S1: I don’t understand you. Pop songs are
poetry too. You cannot just write down
whatever comes into your head. However
you can experiment with words and see
what you produce. That’s what I really
enjoy.
S2: That’s my experience when I put words
to music. It’s nice to know that what I am
doing is poetry …
(Page 52)
Read Exercise 1 and know about the information of the listening material.
Listen and check your answer.
Answers to Ex. 1:
F 2. T 3. T 4. F
5. T 6. T 7. F 8. F
Listen again and fill in the chart below.
Questions Sam Ben Sally
What kind of poem is the student going to write
What topic is the student going to write about
cinquain
haiku
list poem
Ben
nature
the students in her class
Listen to the tape again. Do Sally, Ben and Sam know each other very well Find two pieces of evidence in their conversation to support your answer.
We know they are good friends because they are talking in a very informal way.
Two of their informal talk are:
Sam, don’t you remember - we learned about it in class
Oh, Sam, it’s going to be funny.
Language points
1. I’d better have a go at it this weekend.
have a go at 试一下(某事)，尝试(做某事)
Let’s have a go at it.
让我们来试试。
I’ll have a go at mending your bike today.
我今天修修你的自行车。
2. You can leave me out of it!
leave out 省去，不考虑，遗漏
They must decide what to leave out.
She left out a “c” in “account”.
leave for 出发去
leave … for… 离开 ... 去 ...
leave behind 留下，遗留
leave alone 不管，不理，不干涉
Listen to the tape and close your eyes, and then tell us your impression on each poem.
Discuss and then write about the characteristics of each poem.
Poem A: Tang poem
This poem has beautiful imagery that conveys deep feelings. There are many things that this poem makes the reader think about light heartedness and heavy heartedness; it contrasts morning and night, and creation and destruction.
Poem B:
Number of lines:
Rhythm:
Rhyme:
Repetition:
Part of speech:
adverb poem
two sets of four lines
regular strong beat
four pairs of rhyming lines
hungrily is repeated at the
beginning of each line regularly
the adverb hungrily starts each line
Poem C: song
This is a love song
Rhythm:
regular strong beat
Rhyme:
two pairs of rhyming lines
Repetition:
first two lines are repeated at the end of the song
Poem D: cinquain
Number of lines:
Topic :
Poem E: haiku
Number of lines:
Number of syllables:
five
sunshine
three
17
Language points
I awake light-hearted this morning of
spring, …
light-hearted adj. 轻松的；无忧的
Perhaps I ought to conclude with a slightly more light-hearted question.
That evening he was in an unusually light-hearted mood.
The sun was shining, and he felt light-hearted and careless.
heavy-hearted 心情沉重的
2. … with nothing to mar our joy
mar v. 破坏，毁坏
If he does not break himself of his bad habit, he will mar his own career.
Age cannot mar her beauty.
Nothing marred their happiness.
with nothing to mar our joy 是“with+宾语+宾语补足语” 的结构， to mar our joy 是动词不定式作宾补。
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.
Finish your poems and share them with your classmates.
Review the whole unit.
Preview Unit 3.(共29张PPT)
Unit 2
Using language (1)
Rod McKuen (1933 - ) is a bestselling American poet, composer, and singer, instrumental in the revitalization of popular poetry that took place in the 1960s and early 1970s.
Listening
How does it make you feel
What does it make you think about
Listen to the poem I've Saved the Summer and answer these questions.
Circle the words that rhyme. What is unusual about the rhyming words in the last four lines
Read the poem and finish the following task .
you / new; need / feed; nineteen / mean
way / day; own / own
The rhyming words in the last four lines are unusual because they are the same word (although they each have a different meanings).
I’ve saved the summer
And I give it all to you
To hold on winter mornings
When the snow is new.
Try beating or clapping the strong beats of the rhythm as you read the poem to yourself. Listen again and clap the strong beats.
I’ve saved some sunlight
If you should ever need
A place away from darkness
Where your mind can feed.
And for myself I’ve kept your smile
When you were but nineteen,
Till you’re older you’ll not know
What brave young smiles can mean.
I know no answers
To help you on your way
The answers lie somewhere
At the bottom of the day.
But if you’ve a need for love
I’ll give you all I own
It might help you down the road
Till you’ve found your own.
1. Who is the speaker and who is
he/ she speaking to
A parent is speaking to a young adult child.
Discussion
2. Which of the following is the closest to the
speaker's message Give a reason for your
choice.
A. If it's cold, I'll warm you; if it's dark, I'll
give you light; if you're hungry, I'll feed
you; if you want love, I'll give it to you.
B. Although the future may be difficult for
you, whenever you need warmth and love,
remember I'll have some to give you.
C. While you're away I'll remember your
smile and I'll love you always. When you
return, I hope you will love me.
Translate the poem into Chinese and share your work with your partner's. Be ready to present it to the class.
我存下了夏天
我存下了夏天
并把它给你
于是，在新雪初降的冬日清晨
你便能留住夏日时光
我存下了几缕阳光
假如你会需要一方远离黑暗的净土
在那里，你的思想将被点亮
对于我，我珍藏了你19岁时的微笑
只有当你不断成长，才会懂得
那年轻勇敢的微笑意味深长
我不知该如何帮你走过茫茫人生路
在时光倏忽而逝的间隙
答案，总藏在某处
但假如，你需要——爱
我将倾我所有
人生路上它会伴你左右
直到你，找到自己的真爱
1. Till you’re older you’ll not know what
brave young smiles can mean.
till用在肯定句中，意为“直到……为止”，
动词通常是延续性的。如：
I’ll be home till six.
Just wait till you see it. It’s great.
He didn’t leave the office till 8 o’clock.
Language points
till与until同义，口语中多用till，二者均可作介词和连词。 用于肯定句时，主句的动词一般是延续的 ，即延续到till或until 所表示的时间或动作结束为止。
till ＆ until
I slept till / until midnight.
用于否定句时，主句的动词一般用非延续性的；但用于肯定句时，主句动词是延续性的或非延续性的都可以， 即它所表示的动作直到until 或 till所表示的时间或动作结束后才发生， 有“直到……才……”之 意（not...until）。
until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
They didn't go to the classroom until ( till) the bell rang.
(go to the classroom为延续性动词)
I didn’t begin work till he had gone.
(begin为非延续性动词)
Before listening, think about the two
questions.
What might inspire you to write poetry
In what kind of place do you like to write poetry
Listen to Part 1 and answer the questions.
Who has written a poem already and is
ready to enter the competition
2. Who is not going to enter a poem for the competition this year
Lucy.
Pitt.
3. Who plans to write at the weekend
4. When is the deadline for the competition
Jack.
The 24th of the month.
Listen to Part 2 of the tape and fill in the chart.
Name How they are inspired to write poetry
Jack
Lucy
Pitt
by going for a hike in the countryside and then sitting quietly by himself
by surrounding herself with familiar things in her own house
Possibly by listening to his favourite music though he has never written poetry before
Listen to the two parts again and note down the expressions about intention and plans.
I'm ___________ enter a poem this year.
I haven’t begun mine yet but I _________ this weekend.
How _______ inspire yourself this weekend
I _________ go for a hike in the countryside and sit quietly somewhere by myself.
I think ____try out his way too some time.
I've never tried it with poetry before but ___________ try it tonight.
And now I _________________ reading all your poems.
not going to
plan to do it
will
intend to
I’ll
I’m going to
I’m looking forward to
Expressions of intentions and plans
What’s your intention
What will you be doing tomorrow
Have you decided to …
What are you doing at the weekend
What would you like to do tomorrow evening
Do you intend to help her
You plan to have a party this Saturday, don’t you
I expect to ...
I plan to …
I’ll …
I’m looking forward to …
I'd like to …
Free Talk
Make a dialogue with your partner, talking about your plans for this weekend, the winter holiday or your future.
Finish your poems and share them with your classmates.
Preview the reading passage on page 52.(共35张PPT)
Unit 2
Useful words and expressions
1. Others try to convey certain emotions.
convey v. 表达；传达；运送
I can’t convey how grateful I feel.
I found it hard to convey my feelings in words.
Please convey my best wishes to Mr. Li.
A bus conveys the passengers from the train to the hotel.
bring, carry, take, fetch, get, convey, transport这些动词均有“带、拿、取”之意。
bring: 指从某处把人或物带到或拿到说话者所在
的地点，强调方向，不着重方式。
carry: 指把物品从一个地方带到另一个地方，不
涉及方向，只强调方式。
take: 指从说话人或说话人心目中所在处把某人或
某物带离开，带到离说话者有一定距离的地
方，与bring的方向正相反，侧重方向，不
着重方式。
fetch: 指一往一返，相当于go and bring，去
取了东西或带人再返回到出发处。
get: 口语用词，与fetch基本同义，语气随便。
convey: 指通过中间人传递信息，或以某种方
式把人或物送到目的地。
transport: 指使用车辆或机械设备把人或货物
从一处运载到另一处。
2. The language is concrete but imaginative,
and they delight small children …
concrete adj. 具体的，实在的；水泥的
n. 混领土
Have you any concrete thoughts on how to deal with this difficulty
His plan is not yet concrete.
That new concrete building is our office.
This post is made of concrete.
concrete, specific 这两个形容词均含“具体的”之意。
concrete: 指通过指通过感官能看到、听
到、触到的具体东西。其反义词是
abstract。
specific: 侧重指具体的细节，是与general
(一般的)、vague (模糊的) 相对的
具体。
delight 在句子中作动词，意思是“ (使)高兴，(使)欣喜”。
He delighted the audience with his performance.
She delights in her work.
delight 作名词意思是“高兴，快乐”
She clapped her hands in delight.
He takes great delight in painting.
To our delight, our football team won.
3. List poems have a flexible line length and
repeated phrases which give both a pattern
and a rhythm to the poem.
flexible adj. 灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的
Dancers need to be flexible.
We need a foreign policy that is more flexible.
The tube is flexible but tough.
She has a flexible character.
pattern n. 模式，式样，图案，典型
Please cut out my overcoat according to this pattern.
I don’t like the pattern on the curtain.
This hospital is a pattern of what a good hospital should be.
4. If we hadn’t taken it easy, if为hadn’t run out of energy.
take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容
There’s nothing serious; take it easy.
I hope you learn to take it easy and not get
angry at everyone.
Take it easy. We'll take care of everything.
take your time 从容做，不慌不忙
It is better to take your time at this job than to hurry and make mistakes.
run out of = use up 用完；耗尽
We are running out of fuel.
We’re running out of our time.
run out of 还可意为“从…跑出”
He was lucky enough to run out of the building when the earthquake happened.
run out ＆ run out of
这两个短语都有“用完”的意思，但用法不同。run out是不及物短语，表示“被用完；被耗尽；（人）把东西用完（或花光）”，其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命名；而run out of则是及物短语，表示主动，主语只能是人 。 The petrol is running out.
= We are running out of petrol.
Food supplies _____________ (已经吃完)
by the end of their last trip.
2. What if you were to _____________ (花完) money What would you do
3. They are _____________ (消耗尽) oil and the plane has to land on the field.
4. If we _______________ (没有用完) sugar, I wouldn’t have gone to the shops.
had run out
run out of
running out of
hadn’t run out of
Complete the sentences with run out or run out of.
5. … a poem made up of five lines.
make up of 由 ... 构成，由 ... 组成
The Third World is made up of the developing countries.
A cake is usually made up of sugar, eggs and flour.
The United Kingdom is made up of Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland.
consist of 、make up of 、 compose of都可意为“由……构成”，区别在于：consist of不可用被动语态，而make up of和 compose of 可以用被动语态。例如：
The house consists of 6 rooms.
The medical team is made up of three
doctors and a nurse.
The book is composed of 25 units.
Look at the two meanings for each word below. Choose the meaning that was used in the reading passage. Then make up a sentence with the word having the same meaning.
A: something that can bend or be
bent easily
B: person, plan etc that can change
according to the situation
A: to make jokes and laugh at
someone in order to have fun
B: to deliberately make an animal
angry
flexible
tease
endless
branch
concrete
A: very large amount or
number
B: something that seems to last
forever
A: a part of a tree that grows
from the stem
B: part of an organization
A: definite and specific
B: something used for building
that is made by mixing sand,
very small cement and water
1. flexible
Our plan is quite flexible.
2. tease
Don't take it seriously - he's only teasing.
3. endless
The journey seemed endless.
4. branch
She reached up and picked a pear off a branch.
5. concrete
His plan is not yet concrete.
Example sentences
This poem doesn’t _________ (押韵),
which makes it difficult to recite.
2. It’s very important for us to master
sentence _______ (句型).
3. The singer was deeply touched by the
_________ (热情) of the welcome she
received.
4. You must practice each day for a ________ (最低限度) of 30 minutes.
I. Write the correct words.
rhyme
patterns
warmth
minimum
5. Most parents are willing to take their
children to the ___________ (托儿所)
where children are taken good care of.
6. Color is an important a_________ to
consider when choosing curtains.
7. The book is popular with children, and
has been t__________ into five
languages.
nursery
aspect
translated
8. Don't take it seriously - he's only t_____.
9. Can you r___________ the poem we
learned yesterday afternoon without
referring to the textbook
10. These buildings are made of c________
and steel.
recite
teasing
concrete
II. Fill in each blank with the correct
form of the word.
1. Besides practical knowledge, a teacher is ready to provide his or her pupils with ________ support.
emotional
dread emotion repetition
end translate warm
2. Please _____ what you are required to do. I want you to know for sure before I take my leave.
3. Everyone would have screamed if they had noticed a snake crawling in. What a ________ scene!
dreadful
repeat
dread emotion repetition
end translate warm
4. I always enjoyed my English lessons at college, for I could sense the encouragement from the teacher as well as the _______which was conveyed by her words.
warmth
dread emotion repetition end translate warm
5. I think her _________of the article is much better than his.
6. Her ______ patience made her the best nurse in the hospital.
translation
endless
dread emotion repetition end translate warm
A poem can mean very different things to different readers, and all of these meanings may be different from what the author thought he ______. For instance, the author may have been writing about a personal experience he thought quite ________ to anything outside; yet for the reader the poem may become the _________ of a general situation, or connect to some private experiences of his own.
express differ from due to
mean unrelated be aware of
plete the article with words or
phrases in their correct forms.
meant
unrelated
expression
A reader’s interpretation may __________ the author’s, yet be equally convincing, or even better. A poem may contain much more than the author ____________. Different interpretations of one poem are often _______ the fact that poems mean much more than the ordinary things we say.
express differ from due to
mean unrelated be aware of
differ from
was aware of
due to
1. He was walking down the street when
he saw a house _________ (着火).
2. She is getting better _________ (一天
天) under her daughter’s care.
3. It doesn’t ________________ (有意义) to
pretend that you can when you can’t.
4. The news that he had been admitted to
a key university _________________ (使
他父母很高兴).
plete the sentences.
on fire
day by day
make (any) sense
delighted his parents
5. You’d better ____________ (列一张表)
what you want to buy before you go
shopping.
6. Don’t believe that. The whole story
____________ (编造) by him.
7. Is there anything ___________ (特别 )
you’d like for dinner
make a list of
was made up
in particular
Recite three of the eight poems in reading text and try to write a cinquain poem and a clerihew.
Finish exercises 1-4 on pages 49-50.
Review the text and find out the difficult sentences to you. Pay attention to the Subjunctive Mood.
Translate the
following sentences.
Beacon fires join three months. Family letters worth ten thousand metal.
烽火连三月，家书抵万金。
《春望》杜甫
Night come wind rain sound.
Flower fall know how many.
夜来风雨声，花落知多少。
《春晓》孟浩然
(Du Fu)
(Meng Haoran)
This here have clear meaning. Wish argue already neglect speech.
此中有真意，欲辩已忘言。
《饮酒》陶潜
Sun and moon take their course,
As if risen from the sea.
日月之行，若出其中。
《观沧海》曹操
(Tao Qian)
(Cao Cao)
欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。
----王之焕
东边日出西边雨，道是无情却有情。
天下没有不散的筵席。
You can enjoy a grander sight by climbing
to a greater height.
The west is veiled in rain, the east enjoys
sunshine. My gallant is as deep in love as
day is fine.
All good things come to an end.
无可奈何花落去，
似曾相识燕归来。
Deeply I sign for faded flower’s falling
in vain. Vaguely I seem to know the
swallow comes again.(共39张PPT)
Unit 2
Discovering useful structures
主从
句
构
成
时 态
虚拟条件从句
主 句
与现在事
实相反的
假设
If + 主语 + 动词过去时 (be用 were)
主语 + would / should / could / might + 动词原形
Review
If I were you, I should buy it. If I had time, I would study French.
If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.
主从
句
构
成
虚拟条件从句
主 句
与将来情况相反的
假设
①If + 主语 + 动词的
过去时
② If + 主语 + were
to + 动词原形
③ If + 主语 + should
+ 动词原形
主语 + would / should / could /
might + 动词原形
If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.
If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next week.
时态
He talks as if he _____ everything in the
world.
A. knows B. knew
C. had known D. would have known
2. He doesn't dare to leave the house in case _____.
A. he will recognize
B. he should be recognized
C. he is recognized
D. he recognize
B
B
Read Poem C in the Reading section find out the sentences in the subjunctive mood.
We would have won …
If Jack had scored that goal,
If we’d had just a few more minutes,
If we had trained harder,
If Ben had passed the ball to Joe,
If …
If there had been enough rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now.
If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him.
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t / couldn’t have failed in the exam.
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I should / would / could / might have telephoned you.
More examples
Summary
主从
句
构
成
时态
虚拟条件从句
主 句
与过去事实相反的假设
If + 主语 + had +过去分词
主语 + would / should / could / might + have
+ 过去分词
1. If the whole operation _____ beforehand,
a great deal of time and money would have
been lost. A. was not planned B. has not been planned
C. had not been planned D. were not planned 2. Jean doesn't want to work right away
because she thinks that if she ___ a job she
probably wouldn't be able to see her friends
very often. A. has to get B. were to get C. had got D. could have got
C
B
3. If they _________ the contract ahead
of time, they could not have missed
the plan.
A. signed
B. had signed
C. would have signed
D. should sign
B
4. If I _________ the opportunity I would
not have missed it.
A. had given
C. had been giving
B. was given
D. had been given
D
5. If we ______ yesterday, we ______
the work.
A. weren't interrupted, would finish
B. didn't interrupt, would have finished
C. hadn't been interrupted, would have
finished
D. hadn't interrupted, would have
finished
C
条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在）
错综时间条件句
If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.
如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去)
If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.
假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。
（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在）
通过介词短语、副词或上下文语境来表示假设、条件的虚拟语气表达法叫做含蓄条件句。
1. 由介词without, but for (要不是) 表示条件。
Without your help, we wouldn’t have
achieved so much.
(暗含条件是without your help)
2. But for the note you left, I would have
forgotten to close the door.
(暗含条件是If you hadn’t left the note)
含蓄条件句
2. 由表示转折语气的词语otherwise, or,
or else 构成的句子。
I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you.
(暗含if I hadn’t been so busy)
3. 条件暗含在上下文中。
You might stay her forever.
你可以永远待在这儿。
(可能暗含if you wanted to)
We would have succeeded.
我们本来是会成功的。
(可能暗含if we had kept trying)
Your reputation would be ruined.
你的名誉会败坏的。
(可能暗含if you should accept it)
I would appreciate a little of your time.
谢谢你给我一点时间吧。
(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)
在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were, had 或 should, 可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前, 构成主谓倒装。
Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.
Were I a bird, I could fly freely.
Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.
条件从句中省去if的情况
If I had worked harder at school, I’d have got a better job.
= Had I worked harder at school, I’d have got a better job.
If I had not seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believed it.
= Had not seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believed it.
1. If I knew you were coming, I ____ you ____ my love to your parents.
A. would have asked, convey
B. would ask, convey
C. would have asked, to convey
D. would ask, to convey
表示与过去事实相反的假设
Practice
C
2. He has a talent for writing poems. He
_____ the first prize if he ____ more.
A. could win, practised
B. will win, practised
C. could win, practise
D. will win, practise
表示与现在事实相反的假设
A
3. If I _____ more about diamond, I_____ cheated by that man.
A. had known, would not be
B. knew, would not have been
C. had known, would not have been
D. had known, would never be
表示与过去事实相反的假设
C
4. Your pet dog _____like you more, if you ____ him better.
A. would, treated
B. could, had treated
C. can, treated
D. would, treat
表示与现在事实相反的假设
A
5. I _____ the trouble if only I ____ my parents.
A. would have avoided, listen to
B. will have avoided, listened to
C. would have avoided, had listened to
D. shall have avoided, listen to
与过去事实相反的假设,表示后悔、自责的意思
C
6. If the cat _____ the sparrow, it____ into the pond.
A. hadn’t teased, would not have fallen
B. hasn’t teased, would not have fallen
C. hadn’t teased, did not fall
D. hadn’t teased, won’t have fallen
表示与过去事实相反的假设
A
7. I _______ the award, only if I_______ the poem more loudly.
A. could get, had recited
B. would get, had recited
C. would have got, recited
D. would have got, had recited
表示与过去事实相反的假设,表示后悔、自
责的意思
D
8. If he _______ tomorrow, we _______ the meeting till next week
A. should not come, would put off
B. does not come, would put off
C. comes, will put off
D. came, would put off
表示与将来情况相反的假设
A
9. If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to
catch you when you fell, you ____ now. A. couldn’t have smiled B. wouldn’t be smiling C. didn’t smile D. won’t smile
B
错综时间虚拟语气
10. If we had been more careful, we
_______ much better results now.
A. got B. had got
C. would be getting
D. would have got
C
错综时间虚拟语气
1. If you had come earlier,
2. If Rob hadn’t injured himself,
3. If there had not been an exchange programme,
4. If she had studied harder,
5. If the poet had not written such a beautiful poem about this place,
we would have won.
she would have got the diploma.
C. it would not have become so famous.
D. he would not have found a sponsor to help him study abroad.
E. You would not have missed the exciting scene in the movie.
Match the beginning of each sentence with the appropriate ending.
Miss Jiang explained the homework to the class yesterday. If Alfred________ (pay) more attention at the time, he_________________ (not miss) her instructions.
I’m sorry, I don’t have a compass. Of course I _______ (lend) it to you if I ____ (have) one.
Len doesn’t think he will ever win a poetry competition. If, by chance, he ____ (win), he ______(spend) the prize money on a computer.
would not have missed
had paid
would lend
had
would spend
won
Fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
4. Luckily, Janet is good at writing in English. If she __________ (not write) well, she___________ (spend) more time practising.
5. If I ____ (be) you, I ________________ (take it easy) and go home early.
6. Sue missed the party last night. I’m sure that if she _______ (be) there, the bride and bridegroom ______________ (feel) happier.
would spend
didn’t write
would take it easy
were
would have felt
had been
It’s time that the government ___ measures to prevent the waste of water.
A. takes B. took
C. has taken D. taking
2. He advised the injured boy ____ hospital
immediately.
A. was taken to B. should take to
C. be taken to D. must be taken to
3. — If only I _____ my parents.
— Well, it’s no use crying over split milk.
A. listen to B. listened to
C. had listened to D. would listen to
Choose the best answers.
B
C
C
4. I wish I ______ that writer at the exhibition
yesterday.
A. saw B. see C. were to see D. had seen
5. The headmaster requested that every student
______ present at the meeting.
A. be B. will be C. was D. must be
6. She demanded the journalists _____ at once
_____ the village being threatened by the
flood.
A. leave; for B. leave; to
C. left; to D. left; for
D
A
A
7. It’s urgent that we ________ rare wild
animals from being killed.
A. will prevent B. prevent
C. shall prevent D. are preventing
8. It’s really strange that my friend _____
without saying a word.
A. has passed by B. should pass by
C. passed by D. would pass by
B
B
1.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？
2.下周一我要是有时间就与你一起去。
3.老师建议我们最后把黑板擦了。
Translate the following sentences into English.
If he were to come , what should we say to
him
If I had time next week , I would go with you.
The teacher suggested that we should clean
the blackboard at last.
4.如果你早点开始做家庭作业，你早就
做完了。
5.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
6.如果没有你们的帮助，我们就会陷入困
境。
If you had begun to do your homework
earlier, you would have completed them.
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.
Without your help, we would get into trouble.
如果我们今天下午没有考试的话，我
现在就去购物了。
8.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。
If we shouldn’t have an exam this afternoon,
I would go shopping now.
If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.
Remember the grammar focus and finish the exercises on pages 50-51.
Preview the poems on page 14.
