(共37张PPT)
Unit 3
Warming up and reading
What is life
What does life consist of
When you are young, study is your life.
When you are adult, work and family is
your life.
When you are old, enjoyment is all your
life.
Life (aspects)
living condition
communication
career / work (job)
activities
wealth
environment
convenience
entertainment
enjoyment
other activities
What do you think is a truly healthy life
Give your body the energy it needs.
Stay physically active.
A healthy mind is a part of healthy body.
Keep your mind and body free of
harmful drugs and alcohol.
5. Practice safe living habits.
6. Get regular health care.
What’s a healthy person
A truly healthy person is someone who is healthy in both body and mind.
What health issues do you think concern young people the most Work with a partner to make a list of important health issues. Here are a few to start you off:
cigarette smoking drinking alcohol drug abuse diet physical fitness
sexual health stress obesity
anxiety
stress / pressure
depressive
obesity
Look at the following pictures and tell which activity is healthy and which is unhealthy.
Healthy
doing physical exercise
Healthy
drinking alcohol
overeating
taking drugs
Unhealthy
smoking cigarette
Unhealthy
In your group, choose one health issue you think is particularly important. List five things you would like to tell other people about this issue.
1. Why do you think some adolescents start smoking Have you ever smoked
2. Can you tell any harmful effects of smoking
3. Do you think smoking should be banned
4. Where could you get good advice on stopping smoking
cause fire
a bad example to children
cause lung cancer
affects the health of
the nonsmokers
harmful
effects
of
smoking
Can you give them some advice to quit smoking
Useful expressions:
You’d better…
I think you ought to..
Perhaps you should…
I suggest that you…
Look at the titles of the two texts and tell your partner what you think this reading will be about. Then skim it quickly to see if you are right.
1. What is James’ problem
Fast reading
He has started smoking and is finding it difficult to give up.
2. How many parts does the reading text consist of
3. Who wrote the letter to whom
4. What is the purpose of the letter
Two parts. The first part is a letter and the second part is an Internet page.
A grandfather wrote the letter to his grandson.
This letter aims to explain how a smoker becomes addicted to cigarettes and why he should give up.
Advice from
Granddad
(in two parts)
a letter from__________________
to _______ to help ______ quit _________.
a page on the Internet: about some
______ to quit________.
Read for general idea
James’ grandfather
James
advice
smoking
James
1. Go through the passage and figure out
the structure of the passage.
smoking
2.Match the paragraphs with the main ideas.
A. James’ problem of smoking.
B. Telling three ways of becoming addicted to
smoking.
C. The writer’s hope for his grandson and
advice on stopping smoking.
D. Tell us the harmful effects of smoking.
E. From the life the writer is living ,we know
the importance of a healthy life.
2
3
5
4
1
Read again and choose the best answers to the questions.
1. Why James’ grandfather wrote to James
A. Because he wanted to tell James his
experience.
B. Because he wanted to tell James the harmful
effects of smoking.
C. Because he wanted to help James give up
smoking.
D. Because he wanted to help James get some
information.
Careful reading
C
2. From Para. 3, we can learn that______.
A. a person can be addicted to nicotine
because nicotine is one of the hundreds of
chemicals in cigarettes.
B. a person will be addicted to smoking if he
treats it as a habit.
C. a person will feel sick if his body gets used
to having nicotine.
D. a person will really feel relaxed when
having a cigarette.
B
3. Which is NOT the effect of smoking
A. Causing terrible damage to heart and
lungs.
B. Affecting the health of non-smokers.
C. Having the clothes turn yellow.
D. Not enjoying sport.
4. What is NOT included in the article about stop smoking on the Internet
A. Relax B. Determination
C. Courage D. Get help from others.
C
C
5. The following statements are true EXCEPT_______.
A. James’ grandfather was tired when
returning from a long bike trip.
B. there are three ways a person can become
addicted to smoking.
C. keeping your hands busy will help stop
smoking.
D. some people have to try several times before
quitting smoking.
A
6. The first sentence of the letter shows James’ granddad ______
A. Lives a healthy life
B. has nothing to do at home.
C. is addicted to sitting in the garden
A
7. According to the letter, James’ granddad ___
A. didn’t give up smoking
B. used to be a member of the school football
team
C. wrote down the advice from his experience
8. _____ forced James’ granddad to give up smoking.
A. That he ran too slow
B. His girlfriend
C. That he was taken off the school football
team
B
C
1. Exercise contributed to James’ grand- father’s continued good health. ( )
2. James’ grandfather wanted to persuade James to give up smoking. ( )
3. James’ grandfather wrote to tell James the difficulty of quitting smoking using an
example from his own life. ( )
4. The reason why different people become
addicted to smoking may be different
from person to person. ( )
T
T
F
T
True or false.
5. James’ grandfather knew the harmful effects of smoking when he began smoking.
( )
6. Smoking may not only harm your body but
it can also harm your relationships with
other people. ( )
7. There is information on the Internet that
might be helpful to James. ( )
8. James’ grandfather was able to quit
smoking because he was not a heavy
smoker. ( )
F
T
T
F
Discussion
What kind of person do you think James' grandfather is
What do you think can be done to protect non-smokers (especially women and babies) from those who smoke
1. What kind of person do you think James' grandfather is
He is fit and healthy and leads an active life. He takes an interest in his daughter’s and his grandson’s well-being. He is knowledgeable. He reads the Internet. He appears to love his grandson.
2. What do you think can be done to protect non-smokers (especially women and babies) from those who smoke
Possible solutions:
A no-smoking policy in public places such as buses, trains, restaurants, cinemas, etc
Separate smoking and non-smoking areas in public places.
A campaign to highlight the dangers
of smoking for smokers and
non-smoking people.
Make a summary of the passage
James’ grandfather wrote to help James quit smoking by telling him the ways of becoming addicted to smoking, the harmful effects of smoking and giving him some advice on how to get rid of smoking.
How can we help people infected with AIDS
Review the text carefully and finish the comprehending 1-3 on page 19.
Find out the important and difficult words and expressions to you and finish exercises on page 20.(共31张PPT)
Unit 3
Discovering useful structures
The use of “it” (1)
It rains heavily.
2. It is 20 kilometers from Granddad's house to James’.
3. It is November 11, 2005.
4. It is 9 o’clock at night.
5. It'll be lovely in the garden tonight．
6. It is bad to smoke.
7. It is likely that he will succeed.
天气
距离
日期
时间
形式主语
环境
形式主语
What is the use “it” in each sentence
“It” is a very useful word in English and can be used in many ways.
“It” can be used in the subject or object position to stand for an infinitive, -ing form or a clause.
For example:
1. It is amazing that at my age I am still fit.
2. It is easier to fall than to rise.
3. I think it best that you should do more
exercise.
4. It is no good crying over spilt milk.
5. He found it difficult to accustom himself to
getting up early.
It is a warm sunny afternoon.
It was nearly midnight that she came back.
It is very noisy outside.
It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre.
“It” can also be used to talk about time, distance, weather, etc.
1. it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的
事物，以避免重复。
Xi’an is a beautiful city, isn’t it
2. 也可以指动物或婴儿
Is this your dog？No, it isn’t.
一、it 作人称代词
it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、
日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，
称为非人称的it：
指天气：It is a lovely day, isn’t it
It is a bit windy. 指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came
back.
指环境: It was very quiet in the café.
指距离：It is half an hour’s walk to the city
centre from my home.
二、it作非人称代词
指日期： -- What's the date today
-- It's May 1, 2007.
指季节：It is summer now.
指度量：It is about 5 kilograms.
指价值：--- What's the cost of the T-shirt
--- It is 150 yuan.
替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
三、it用作形式主语
(1) It be + adj.+ (for sb.) to do sth.
此处的adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，
difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，
possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，
right，wrong，important，unimportant，
legal，illegal，well-mannered，impolite，
ill-mannered，polite，clear，obvious，
certain，suitable，proper, useful，useless,
dangerous…
It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car
without a license.
1. 代作动词不定式主语
(2) It be + adj. + of sb. to do sth.
此处的adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind，
unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，
thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，
careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，
wise，crazy.
It’s kind of you to help me with the problem.
It's no good/use doing…
It's（well）worth doing…
It's（well）worth one's while doing/to do…
It's（well）worth while doing/ to do
It's no use crying over spilt milk.
(3) it替代动名词作主语的常见句型
2. it作形式主语, 替代主语从句
It is clear/obvious/true/possible/certain … that ...
该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为“…是清楚的/显然的/ 真的/……”, 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如：
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
①It is + adj. +clause
It is said /reported/ learned/believed /thought
/known/told/hoped ... that ...
该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉…）”。
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
② It is v-ed that…
③ It is + n. +从句
It is a pity /a shame /an honor /a good thing/a
fact /a surprise/... that ...
该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去，表示
出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义
时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
四、it作形式宾语
当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句时，往往把宾语放在补足语后面，而用it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。
该句型中的it 作形式宾语，常用的动词有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。
I think it no use arguing with him.
我认为和他争吵没有用。
I found it very interesting to study English.
我发现学英语非常有趣。
He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。
one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。 I can’t find my hat. I think I must buy one.
(不定) The hat you bought is bigger than that I
bought. (同类但不同个) I can’t find my hat. I don’t know where I put
it. (同一物)
代词it, one ＆ that的区别
Rewrite the sentences using an “it” structure.
Giving up smoking is difficult.
2. Some young people think they look attractive when they smoke.
It is difficult to give up smoking.
It seems that some young people think they look attractive when they smoke.
Exercise
3. Most people believe smoking causes cancer.
4. Don’t try to quit on a stressful day.
5. China produces one third of the world’s cigarettes.
It is believed that smoking causes cancer.
It is no use trying to quit on a stressful day.
It is astonishing that China produces one-third of the world’s cigarettes.
You are not allowed to advertise cigarettes in this country.
My father ahs quit smoking at last.
The night was dark and stormy when the old man started his journey.
It is illegal to advertise cigarettes in this country.
It is wonderful that my father has quit smoking at last.
It was a dark and stormy night when the old man started his journey.
9. You could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
10. You have to take pills to control your blood pressure.
It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
It is necessary for you to take pills to control your blood pressure.
Choose the best answers.
1. I hate ______ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
2. In which play is ______ your brother will appear
A. that where B. this when
C. it that D. it where
3. ______ the harder you work, the better result you’ll get.
A. It’s believed that B. What we believed that
C. It’s fact D. What the fact is
4. Nothing can stop us , _______
A. can’t it B. can it C. can’t we D. can we
A
C
A
B
5. ---Can you tell us how the war was won in the
end
--- I don’t know. ________.
A. It’s hard to say B. It doesn’t matter
C. It’s no use saying D. It depends on the work
6. Does ______ matter a lot whether she will come here by bus or by taxi
A. the thing B. that C. it D. her mother
7. ---Listen! Someone is unlocking the goods.
--- _____ must be your father coming back from Beijing.
A. It B. There C. That D. This
A
C
A
8. ---Have you written a letter to her
--- No, but I’m going to write _____ tonight.
A. it B. that C. those D. one
9. --- Are they coming to the meeting
--- ________.
I know so B. I am sure so
C. I am sure of it D. I question it
10. Our food and service are better than _____ used to be.
A. it B. we C. they D. them
D
A
C
11. The teacher told the students _______.
A. why to learn English important
B. why was it important to learn English
C. why it important to learn English
D. why it was important to learn English
12. The TV sets made in China are much better than ______ in Japan.
A. that B. those C. them D. it
13. ---I’m looking for a flat.
---Would you like _______ with _____ garden
A. it; the B. it; a C. one; a D. one; the
14. _______ four years since I joined the Army.
A. It was B. It is C. There is D. There was
D
B
C
B
1. How wonderful! My father has decided to give up smoking.
____ ____ __________ _______ my father
has decided to give up smoking.
2. The night was dark and windy when Mr. Brown left his house.
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______
night when Mr. Brown left his house.
Rewrite the sentences using it as subject or object.
It is wonderful that
It was a dark and windy
3. He thought caring for her and helping her were his duty.
He thought _____ _____ ____ _____ to care
for her and help her.
4. As we all know, going to bed early and
getting up early can help people keep fit.
_____ _____ _____ _____ going to bed early
and getting up early can help people keep fit.
5. He is said to have just gotten a doctor’s degree in medicine.
______ ______ ______ that he has just gotten
a doctor’s degree in medicine.
it was his duty
It is known that
It is said
6. Don’t try to change his mind; he just won’t listen to you.
_____ ______ _____ _____ trying to change
his mind.
7. The artist spent two hours completing the painting.
_______ _______ the artist two hours to
complete the painting.
8. He gave up reading the article because it
was too difficult for him.
He found _____ ______ _______ _____ to
read the article and he gave up.
It is no use
It took
it was too difficult
Remember the grammar focus and finish exercises 1-3 on pages 57-58.
Preview the reading passage on page 22.(共46张PPT)
Unit 3
Using language (1)
What are the three biggest killers in the world at present
heart disease
cancer
AIDS
What do HIV and AIDS stand for
HIV is the short form for Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
AIDS stand for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
What is the difference between HIV and AIDS
HIV is a virus that can live in the body for some time – occasionally many years – without symptoms being present. Even though they may not be showing symptoms, a person with HIV can infect others.
AIDS is the stage of the disease when the person’s immune system is weakened to such a degree that he/she develops many different diseases which are eventually fatal.
What’s a virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that causes disease.
How much do you know about HIV / AIDS
Do the quiz.
HIV is the same thing as AIDS. a. true b. false
You can catch HIV from toilets and from mosquitoes. a. true b. false
Which of the following is NOT true
a. Sharing a needle for a tattoo might give you
HIV. b. Sharing a needle for piercing might give
you HIV. c. Donating blood might give you HIV.
b
b
c
A person who looks healthy _____. a. can't possibly have the HIV virus b. might have the HIV virus c. probably doesn't have the HIV virus
5. A person who looks healthy _____.
a. can't possibly have the HIV virus
b. might have the HIV virus
c. probably doesn't have the HIV virus
6. It is possible for an HIV infected mother to pass the virus on to her unborn child.
a. true b. false
a
b
a
HIV/AIDS:
Are you at risk
Reading and discussing
Three.
How many parts is the text divided into
Fast reading
Tick the words and expressions mentioned in it.
( ) flu virus ( ) SARS virus
( ) survival ( ) immune system
( ) mosquito ( ) prejudice
( ) homosexual ( ) danger
The word “homosexuals” means______.
A. people only attracted by the same sex
B. people who don’t care about
themselves
C. people who are very sexy
D. people who often have sex
Fast reading
A
2. We can infer from the passage that __________.
A. HIV is equal to AIDS
B. HIV is different from AIDS
C. AIDS virus can spread through air
D. You can have HIV in your blood for quite a long time
B
3. In order to stay safe, you ____________.
A. should not use the needle someone else has used
B. have to avoid using anything else that the person has used while injecting drugs
C. should use a condom if you have sex with one infected with AIDS
D. All of the above
D
Discuss these questions in small groups.
Did you learn anything new from reading the text
Has it changed your attitude towards people suffering from HIV / AIDS
Who do you think this poster is written for
Where might you read such a poster
Don’t look down upon
them.
Show love and care to
them.
Help them fight fear,
shame and injustice
(unfair).
Every December 1st is a day of understanding, care, and hope about HIV and AIDS. Still it is the mission of AIDS.ORG to educate people how to protect themselves against HIV each and every day of the year.
World AIDS Day, 365 Days a Year
How much do you know about the AIDS red ribbon
The red ribbon is an international symbol of AIDS awareness that is worn by people all year round and particularly around World AIDS Day to demonstrate care and concern about HIV and AIDS, and to remind others of the need for their support and commitment.
Language points
1. HIV / AIDS: Are you at risk
at risk 处境危险；遭遇危险
The disease is spreading and all children under 5 are at risk.
at-risk adj. 处于危险中的
put … at risk 使…处于危险中
2. If you develop AIDS, your chances
of survival are very small.
chance在这里的意思是“可能性,希望”。
We have a good chance of winning the game.
chance 作名词还可意为“偶然;运气；机遇”。
by chance 偶然地，碰巧
3. Here are some things you can do to
make sure you stay safe.
stay在这里是系动词，意思是“保持(某种状态)”，后面接形容词作表语。
The temperature has stayed high this week.
I hope the weather will stay fine.
常见的系动词有：become, turn, touch, get, remain, keep, appear, prove, seem, look等。
become accustomed to, be ashamed of, due to
in spite of, take risks, at risk, feel like, stand for,
return from, get into, be addicted to, decide on
Computers can never replace people __________ their advantages.
We all know that the letters PRC ________ the People’s Republic of China.
3. I have already ___________________ the climate for I’ve lived here for 10 years.
Complete the sentences using a phrase from the box. Two phrases are unwanted.
in spite of
stand for
become accustomed to
become accustomed to, be ashamed of, due to
in spite of, take risks, at risk, feel like, stand for,
return from, get into, be addicted to, decide on
4. The wind has been blowing violently for
over an hour, so all the ships at sea are
_________. 5. There is no need to ____________ a panic; everything will be all right. 6. The professor who just ____________ the
USA was invited to give a lecture in the
university.
at risk
get into
returned from
7. What worries the mother is that her son
____________ computer games. 8. They have __________ the date to leave for
Hainan for the winter holiday. 9. You should ___________ yourself for lying
like that. 10. The success of the game was largely ________ his wonderful performance.
become accustomed to, be ashamed of, due to
in spite of, take risks, at risk, feel like, stand for,
return from, get into, be addicted to, decide on
is addicted to
decided on
be ashamed of
due to
Listening and speaking
Discussion
Are there any discos, karaoke bars or nightclubs in your district for young people to go to
Have you ever been to places like these
Have you ever gone to parties with your friends
Do you thing it is OK for alcohol to be available at places where young people meet
( )AIDS ( )drugs
( )noise ( )smoking
( )alcohol ( )strangers
( )money ( ) dancing
( )rice ( )orange juice
Tina wants Sara to go to a disco with her, but Sara is nervous about going. Read the list below before listening and guess which things Sara is nervous about. Then listen and tick Sara's concerns.
Listen again and complete Tina's sentences.
1. Just say “no”. You _____________________ ______________________________________
2. It’s OK to _________________________
_________________________
3. It would be a good idea to _______________ __________________________________________________
don’t have to do
anything you don’t want to.
to drink orange juice or something instead.
have something to eat before you go out, like rice or noodles.
4. If someone offers you a cigarette, ___________
5. Well, I’ll __________. Let’s _________
_________________________________
don’t take it.
teach you
get my CD
player and start practising now.
The ways to ask for permission
Is it OK if / to …
Is it all right to …
Would you mind if …
I wonder if I can …
Do you mind if …
The ways to give warning
Positive
It would be a good idea to …
Be sure to …
Be careful to …
Watch out for …
Negative
Don’t forget to …
It is not a good idea to …
Why not … rather than …
The ways to express prohibition
Don’t …
You can’t …
You may not …
You shouldn’t …
You mustn’t …
You are not to …
Writing
Imagine you are an adviser who deals with students’ problems. Write a letter to give Xiaolei some helpful advice.
Read the letter on Page 24 and suggest some advice for Li Xiaolei.
on
quitting smoking
make a plan
be determined
break the habit
develop good habits
relax
？
The structure of an English letter
Heading
Inside address
Greeting
Body
Ending
Signature
No.6 Middle School
179 Xinggangxi Road
Guangzhou, Guangdong
P.R.China, 510300
December 2, 2009
Li Xiaolei
203 Thames Street
Oxford, OX41LF
Letter writing
(寄信人地址和写信日期，写在信封右上角，地址由小到大)。
信内地址：
收信人的姓名、地址写在左上方，位置比信头低一至两行。私人信件一般不写信内地址。
称呼用词可用：
Dear Wang, Dear Professor Wang, Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Ms Green …
在对外公函中，可用Dear Sir, Dear Sirs.
书信的正文和写文章一样，要分段写，每一段有一个中心思想。开头常用的表达有：
I have received your letter of July 20th.
I’m writing to you about…
How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last.
Thank you for your letter.
信件结尾常用语有：
Please remember me to your whole family.
Give my best regards (wishes) to your mother.
Best wishes.
Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you.
Expecting to hear from you soon.
结束语有多种，不同的通信关系选用不同的结束语
写给机关、团体、公司或不相识的人，一般可用：
Yours sincerely, Yours truly, Yours faithfully
写给熟人、亲人或朋友，可用：
Yours, Yours ever,
Your loving son/daughter,
Yours sincerely/cordially
Sample letter
Dear Xiaolei,
I’m sorry you have found yourself in such a difficult situation. First, there is no need for you to feel embarrassed and awkward. She may think that she is behaving in a grownup way but you are the one with sense on your side. Here is some advice that I think you might give her.
Smoking cigarettes is addictive and
expensive.
2. It can make you ill later in life. Even breathing in other people’s smoke can make you ill.
3. It is a dirty habit.
4. It is more difficult to stop than it is to start.
Second, talk to your friend gently and
explain that you are still good friends and
don’t want to break this friendship. However,
You will not begin smoking to suit her. Give her the information above and then explain that whatever she chooses to do, you will remain her friend.
Don’t be disappointed, Xiaolei.
Good luck and best wishes,
Keke
Finish your letter and check it with your classmates.
Preview reading passage on page 60.(共35张PPT)
Unit 3
Useful words and expressions
Choose a day that is not _________ to quit smoking. Make a list of all the __________ you will get from stopping smoking. ___________ all your cigarettes. _________ the list of benefits when you feel like smoking. Develop some other habits to keep yourself _____. If you feel nervous or stressed, try some ___________ exercises like deep breathing. You can stop smoking with a _______ or join a group. If necessary, ask a doctor or _________ for help. The most important is to keep _______. Don’t feel _________ if you smoke again. Just ___ again.
stressful
benefits
Throw away
Reread
busy
relaxation
friend
chemist
trying
ashamed
try
Review Fill in the blanks.
ban
prohibit especially by legal means or social pressure
effect
a result or condition produced by a cause
strengthen
to become or make strong or stronger
ashamed
feeling shame or guilt because of something done
stress
a state of worry resulting from pressure caused by the problems of living, too much work, etc.
Speak out the word according to its meaning.
at one’s age
due to
some time ago
give up
during adolescence
become addicted to
after a while
become accustomed to
over and over again
do damage to
decide on
feel like
go for a walk
reach for
due to 在句中意思是“因为, 由于”
I think my long and active life must be due
to the healthy life.
Her worldwide fame is due to his support.
The accident is due to your careless driving.
The game was put off due to the rain.
1). 应给的, 应支付的（常与to连用）
A great deal of money is due to you.
Respect is due to teachers.
2). 应付的；到期的
The electricity bill is due today.
3). (车、船等)预定应到的
When is the train due at Shanghai
due的意思还有：
4). 约定的; 预期的 ( due to do / due for )
He is due to leave for Australia next week.
Jay Chou’ new album is due for release later this month.
你们的作文下周五必须交。
Your composition is _________________ next Friday.
due to be handed in
表示因果关系的单词和短语
because：从属连词，表示所叙述的理由是本局的重点
as/since：从属连词，表示理由是已知的， 而理由以外才是叙述的重点
for：并列连词，不用于句首，置于第一分句之后，补充理由；第一分句表示推测时，用 for说明推测的依据。
because of 介词，较口语化
owing to 介词， 较正式
thanks to 介词，“因为；多亏了”
as a result of 介词
as a result 副词
therefore 副词
so 并列连词
with the result that 接从句
some time是个名词短语，意思是“一段时间”，在句中常与for、take等词连用。
I’ll stay here for some time.
It took me some time to digest what I had heard.
2. Your mother tells me that you have
started smoking some time ago and now
you are finding it difficult to give up.
sometimes是频度副词，意为“有时”，表示动作发生的不经常性，常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用。
Sometimes I have lunch at school.
sometime是副词，意为“某时”，指时间上不确定的某一点，常用于过去时或将来时。
I saw him sometime in July.
some times是一个名词短语，意思是“几次”。 time在这里用作可数名词，意思是“次数”。
I have been to the Great Wall some times.
You can hand in your homework
________ before Friday.
2. I'll be away for _________.
He usually comes by bike, but _________ by bus.
The newly bought microwave oven has failed to work __________.
Complete the sentences with sometime, sometimes, some time or some times.
sometime
some time
sometimes
some times
在find/ think / consider / make / feel …it +adj. to do 句型里，it是形式宾语。
We find it difficult to arrive there on time.
I don’t think it necessary to bring a Chinese-English dictionary when traveling to Britain.
Gesture makes it easy for audience to understand his speech.
3. You can become physically addicted to nicotine.
be / become addicted to +n. 迷恋,上瘾
Many students are addicted to computer games.
He is a man addicted to alcohol.
addict oneself to sth. 沉溺于, 醉心于
He addicted himself to playing the violin and didn’t notice a thief walk into his house.
addict: 上了瘾的人
a film addict 电影迷
4. This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.
accustomed to 习惯于(to是介词)
I'm accustomed to getting up so early to do morning exercise.
习惯了登险峻的山,他毫不费力地登上了山顶.
_____________ climbing the steep mountain, he had no difficulty reaching the top.
Accustomed to
类似短语有：look forward to / get down to / devote
to / pay attention to / lead to
be /get / become accustomed to 习惯于
You will soon get accustomed to this job.
accustom +n./oneself +to使…习惯于
Children are quick to accustom themselves to new surroundings
5. You can also become addicted through habit.
through 由于
The accident happened through the driver’s carelessness.
They became unemployed through no fault of their own.
6. As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
as在这里 引导定语从句
1). 在限制性定语从句中，as多和such、the same as连用。构成such…as和the same as结构，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.
Don’t read such books as you don’t understand.
This is the same machine as I operated when I was working in the factory.
This is the same machine that I operated when I was working in the factory.
2).在限制性定语从句中，as作为关系代词代替整个主句。as引导的从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句之前、中间或之后，一般用逗号与主句隔开。
As we expected, the performance was a failure.
正如我们所预料的那样, 这场演出失败了。
which与as引导定语从句的区别
1. which只能放在主句后面，而as引导的从
句位置相对较灵活。
2. which作为关系代词指的是前面提到过的情
况或事实，而不是后面提到的情况或事实。
3. as常与从句中的know，see， hear，expect
等动词连用，也常用于as often happens，
as is often the case（常有的事）等句子
中；而which一般不用于以上情况。
4. as有“正如”的含义，which没有此含义。
1. ____ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.
A. That B. As C. It D. What
2. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ______ was true.
A. he B. this C. which D. who
3. The project _______ a British businessman has invested in is under construction at present.
A. which B. as C. what D. why
A
C
B
… so it was very difficult quit.
quit v. 离开, 辞职, 停止
If he doesn't pay his rent, he will receive notice to quit.
I’m going to quit this job next week.
He has quit smoking.
Quit worrying about it.
cease, pause, stop, quit, end这些动词均含有“停止”之意。
cease: 指逐渐、徐徐中止某种状态的存在。书面用词。
pause: 指暂时的、瞬间的停顿，隐含有再进行之意。
stop: 指动作、运行、进展等被停下来，含突然、断然的意味。
quit: 指最终彻底停止某事，有时暗示遭到失败或面临挫折。
end: 多指“自然的结束”。
8. But I did finally manage.
But I finally managed to give up smoking.
manage v.设法应付；设法应付；管理；经营
--- Can I help you carry the case
--- Thanks. I can manage it myself.
How did you manage to get their approval
He managed the company well.
try和manage的区别
try to do 表示尝试着去做某事，但结果不一定成功；
manage to do 表示成功地做了某事，结果肯定是已经做成。
I tried to save him, but failed.
我尝试着去救他，可是失败了。
I managed to save him.
我设法救了他。
9. When I was young, I didn’t know much
about the harmful effects of smoking.
effect n. 结果，影响，效果
It is difficult to relate cause and effect in this case.
This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son.
Punishment had very little effect on him.
consequence, result, effect, outcome这些名词均含“结果”之意。
consequence: 多指随某一事件引起的，必然或自然的不良结果，不强调直接的因果关系，而侧重事件发展的逻辑关系。
result: 普通用词，含义广泛，侧重因某种原因所产生的最终结果，而不是眼前的结果。
effect: 指因某种原因直接产生的结果，着重持续稳定与其影响。
outcome: 普通用词，多指事物经过一系列发展变化所导致的最终结局，而不是某种原因的直接结果。常可与result通用。
10. When I was taken off the school football team because I was too slow, I knew it was time to quit smoking.
take off 脱掉；起飞；(事业)腾飞；撤消
The flight to Tibet will take off soon.
His career in comedy took off after that film.
The show had to be taken off because of poor audiences.
take in 吸入；理解；欺骗
take over 接受、接管
take down 拿下来，记下来
take on 拿起；开始；从事
take care 当心，注意
take place 发生
take part in 参加
take advantage of 利用
take的常用短语
11. Decide on a day to quit.
decide on 决定、 选定
Don't decide on important matters too quickly.
In the end, he decide on spending the holidays by the sea.
Let’s put our heads together and ___ a plan of action.
A. decide to B. decide in
C. decide on D. decide at
C
12. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself …
feel like 想要…
I feel like a drink now.
We'll go for a walk if you feel like it.
Do you feel like going to a movie
feel like doing = want to do
feel like＋反身代词，意为“感到舒适；感觉身体好”，like可省略。
13. Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times …
disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的
We were disappointed at the results.
She was disappointed to learn that she had failed the course.
We are disappointed that you will not be able to come.
disappointing 使失望的;令人扫兴的
You should q____ smoking and start doing
regular exercise from now on.
2. It rained heavily, but they managed to get there e________.
3. The supermarket door will open a________ when a person approaches, so you needn’t push it open.
4. He used to smoke two packs of c________ a
day; he was a heavy smoker then.
5. We should pay attention to not only our physical health but also our m______ health.
Complete the sentences.
quit
eventually
automatically
cigarettes
mental
6. She was ________ (感到羞愧的) to tell her mother she had failed in the exam.
7. A judge shouldn’t have any ______ (偏见) against anyone.
8. Food, clothing and shelter are all _______
(基本的) necessities in life.
9. Reading and listening more can improve
your ____________ (理解力).
10. These exercises are designed to ________
(增强) the muscles in your arms.
ashamed
prejudice
basic
comprehension
strengthen
Finish exercises on page 20 and exercises 1-4 on page 56.
Review the text and find out the difficult sentences to you. Pay attention to the use of it.(共29张PPT)
Unit 3
Using language (2)
1. What is stress
2. In what situations may you feel stressed
3. In what way can stress affect a person’s
physical and mental health
4. Some people say not all situations
leading to stress are negative
experiences. Do you agree or not Give
your view.
Think about the following questions.
Study the chart on Page 55 first. Listen to the tape and finish the chart.
Name: Age:
Occupation:
Today's date:
Symptoms:
Possible problem:
Proposed action:
Li Yue
18
Student
Headaches, tired all the time, not sleeping and eating well
Stress
1. Do some tests to rule out
anything physical
2. Discuss ways to relax.
Could you help Li Yue to lower her level of stress In groups of 4,act out the given situations by using the expressions.
You should/could …
It would be a good idea to …
It’s not a good idea to …
Maybe it’s a good idea to …
If I were you, I’d …
You’d better …
What useful expressions can we use to give advice
Talking
One of the four members acts as Li Yue, and the other three are supposed to be her classmates and each of you should give her your advice.
What do you think health week in a school is
A week where the theme of health is featured in all school subjects and where special guest speakers come to the school to talk to students about health issues.
Before listening, predict with your partner what Li Yue might say to the students.
She may say “Stress and how to avoid it”.
worry a little; be careful about worrying too
much
2. relaxed; became ill; headaches;
didn’t sleep well; didn’t feel like eating
was tired
3. went to the doctor; learned about stress
Listen to Part 1 and complete these sentences.
Answers to Ex. 2
1. What did the doctor tell Li Yue about
2. What does Li Yue say could happen if you study all the time without a break
The doctor told Li Yue to keep a balance in
her life between work and relaxation.
Li Yue says you could become ill.
Listen to Part 2 and answer these questions.
☆Take 30 minutes a day to get some fresh air;
☆do some exercise;
☆meet friends;
☆see a film ;
☆go hiking once a week.
3. What things does Li Yue suggest that students
could do to relax
summary
Expressions giving advice
Get some information
about stress
Talk about the ways
to relax
Have right attitude to
stress
Read the newspaper article and answer the questions.
1
1.What two things does the programme do
2.Who teaches people in the community
3.Why is the programme so successful
4.What has recently changed in the way the
virus is spread
5.Why is the Chinese government
concerned about HIV/AIDS/
1. What two things does the programme do
It provides care and support for people
suffering from HIV/SIDS and trains young people to teach other people about AIDS.
2. Who teaches people in the community
Volunteers who come from a similar
group and are about the same age.
3. Why is the programme so successful
Because they are being taught by
people very much like themselves.
4. What has recently changed in the way the virus is spread
In the past it was mainly drug users and
people who had been carelessly transfused
who were becoming infected with AID.
Today, an increasing number of young people are becoming infected through sexual activity.
5. Why is the Chinese government concerned
about HIV/AIDS
The government believes that if they don’t
act quickly to stop the spread, the number of people in China infected by HIV/AIDS could be as high as 10 million by the year 2010.
This article is written in formal style because it is setting out information on a serious topic. It shows that it is the formal style because:
1. the sentences are long and complex.
2. the vocabulary is subject specific and does
not use slang or colloquialism.
3. it is written in the third person.
4. there are no contractions.
5. there is no mention of personal feelings or
personal experience.
This style of writing is appropriate here because:
1. it deals with a serious subject.
2. it uses factual information to explain its
message.
3. there are no direct quotes from people
mentioned in the passage.
4. there is no mention of feelings or personal
stories.
5. it is written in the third person.
Language points
An AIDS awareness programme stared by
the Chinese Red Cross in Yunnan province six years ago has proved so successful that it is now running in several other provinces, …
stared by the Chinese Red Cross是过去分
词短语作定语，修饰programme。
run在这里是“进行；运转 ”的意思。
Everything is running smoothly in our office.
2. … and at the risk of becoming infected
by the virus.
at the risk of 冒着 ... 的危险
He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.
They are at the risk of being hurt by the cars when playing in the street.
3. …, they often thought it had nothing to
do with their own life.
have nothing to do with 与 ... 无关
I have nothing to do with the accident.
We have nothing to do with him.
have something to do with 与…有关
Use of formal style Use of informal style
Articles in books or newspapers
Books
Letters to people you do not know Conversation
Plays
Letters between family members, friends or people you are familiar with.
Summary
Work in groups. Imagine you are producing a school English newspaper. Summarize the news article on HIV/AIDS on page 60 and use simpler and informal language so that students in junior classes can understand it.
Finish your writing task.
Review the whole unit.
Preview Unit 4.
