Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．单词匹配
( )1.devote
A．n.(野生生物)保护区
( )2.presentation
B．n.(宣传)活动
( )3.reserve
C．n.报告，(观点的)陈述，说明
( )4.damage
D．v.致力，献身，倾注
( )5.affect
E．v.释放，排放
( )6.adopt
F．v.竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促
( )7.release
G．v.影响
( )8.severe
H．v.采取(某种方法)
( )9.campaign
I．v.破损，损害，损伤
( )10.urge
J．adj.(问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的
[答案] 1－5
DCAIG 6－10
HEJBF
b．短语匹配
( )1.keep．．．from
doing
sth.
A．常识
( )2.take
steps
to
do
sth.
B．想出
( )3.mistake．．．for．．．
C．分解
( )4.break
down
D．号召
( )5.common
sense
E．在某些情况下
( )6.in
some
cases
F．依赖，依靠
( )7.take．．．into
account
G．把……错当成……
( )8.depend
on
H．阻止……做某事
( )9.call
on
I．把……考虑进去
( )10.come
up
with
J．采取措施做某事
[答案] 1－5
HJGCA 6－10
EIFDB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．establish
v．
建立，设立
2．supply
n.
煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统)
3．reduce
v.
减少，降低
4．permission
n.
允许，许可
5．majority
n.
多数，大多数(人或物)
6．amount
n.
数量，数额
7．remove
v.
移走，搬走，去掉
8．concerned
adj.
焦急的，担忧的
9．contribute
v.
促成，造成(某事发生)
10．average
adj.
平均(数)的
Ⅰ.语境填词
reserve，damage，drought，flood，affect，supply，reduce，amount，remove，campaign
1．Does
the
amount
of
rain
affect
the
growth
of
crops?
2．Our
water
supply
has
lessened
as
a
result
of
the
drought.
3．Using
a
mobile
phone
before
going
to
bed
can
damage
your
health.
4．Is
there
any
way
to
remove
the
ink
blots
on
my
dress?
5．Everyone
should
try
to
reduce
the
amount
of
salt
in
our
diet.
6．It
has
been
raining
these
days
and
the
river
is
in
flood．
7．A
large
amount
of
money
is
spent
on
the
protection
of
the
environment
every
year.
8．This
anti?smoking
campaign
is
mainly
aimed
at
young
teenagers.
9．Jiuzhaigou
Valley
is
a
nature
reserve
located
in
Sichuan
Province.
10．The
timely
rain
after
a
long
time
of
drought
will
certainly
bring
on
the
crops.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．You
must
ask
for
permission(permit)
before
taking
any
photos
inside
the
hall.
2．It
was
so
foggy(fog)
that
the
driver
could
hardly
make
out
the
way
ahead.
3．Motorists
should
be
punished
severely(severe)
for
dangerous
driving.
4．The
adoption(adopt)
of
the
new
technology
improved
the
production.
5．At
the
sight
of
the
cruelty(cruel)to
animals，he
could
hardly
contain
his
anger.
6．These
reforms
made
a
major
contribution(contribute)
to
the
stability
of
the
economy.
7．Great
achievements
have
been
made
in
the
establishment(establish)
of
nature
reserves.
8．Environment
clubs
encourage
everyone
to
do
shopping
with
reusable(reuse)
bags.
9．The
patient
must
be
isolated
in
order
not
to
spread
an
infection(infect)．
10．The
people
in
the
earthquake?stricken
area
are
in
urgent(urge)
need
of
food，medicine
and
shelters.
11．Always
switch
off
the
power
supply
after
using
electrical(electricity)
equipment.
12．The
judge
praised
the
firefighters
for
their
bravery
and
devotion(devote)
to
duty.
13．To
the
audiences，they
will
see
a
very
friendly
and
personal
presentation(present)．
14．The
majority(major)
of
people
are
in
favor
of
the
suggestion
that
children
be
given
more
time
to
play.
15．Our
government
is
determined
to
solve
the
problems
that
farmers
are
most
concerned(concern)．
When
we
turn
off
a
device，such
as
television，it
goes
into
stand?by
mode.
当我们关掉电视等设备时，它就进入待机模式。课时分层作业(十八)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Golden
lion
tamarins
(金头狮狨)
are
part
of
the
monkey
family.These
small
creatures
live
in
thick
forests
in
Brazil，South
America.They
travel
in
small
groups
in
search
of
food.They
hide
and
sleep
in
the
hollow
(洞)
of
a
tree.They
take
very
good
care
of
their
babies.Even
the
male
tamarin
takes
a
strong
interest
in
feeding
and
raising
the
young
ones.Unfortunately，the
forests
in
which
they
live
are
being
cut
down
for
farming
and
they
are
also
caught
and
sold
as
pets.There
are
only
about
one
hundred
tamarins
left.
The
European
otter(水獭)lives
all
around
Europe.It
has
soft，brown
fur
on
its
body.It
is
almost
75cm
long.Its
tail
is
half
as
long
as
its
body.Its
head
is
flat
and
broad.It
has
small
and
round
ears.It
can
close
its
ears
and
nostrils(鼻孔)
when
it
dives
in
the
water.It
has
short，strong
legs
with
web
bed
feet.Loss
of
habitat
is
a
threat
to
the
European
otter.It
is
also
hunted
for
its
fur.
Orangutan(猩猩)
is
a
long?armed，red?furred
animal
that
lives
in
the
warm，wet
forests
on
the
islands
of
Borneo
and
Sumatra
in
Southeast
Asia.It
looks
like
a
man
in
many
ways.So
it
is
named
orangutan，which
means
“man
of
the
woods”．Orangutans
are
in
danger
only
because
of
people.People
are
cutting
down
the
forests
where
they
live
and
hunting
orangutans.The
hunters
kill
the
mothers
and
sell
the
babies
to
zoos.But
most
babies
die
because
the
hunters
don't
know
how
to
take
care
of
them.
Giant
pandas
live
in
the
forests
of
China
and
they
are
in
danger.They
eat
only
one
kind
of
food—bamboo
shoots(竹笋)．But
there
are
not
always
enough
bamboo
plants
to
be
found.Every
hundred
years
the
bamboo
plants
produce
seeds
and
die.It
then
takes
several
years
for
the
seeds
to
grow.By
the
time
the
plants
are
big
enough
to
eat，many
giant
pandas
have
already
died
of
hunger.
【语篇解读】 本文向我们介绍了世界上四种濒临灭绝的野生动物。
1．What
do
we
learn
about
golden
lion
tamarins?
A．They
usually
search
for
food
alone.
B．Males
seldom
look
after
the
young.
C．They
are
hardly
seen
when
they
are
asleep.
D．They
can
be
easily
seen
because
they
are
big.
C [推理判断题。根据第一段的“They
hide
and
sleep
in
the
hollow(洞)
of
a
tree.”可推断金头狮狨睡觉的时候不容易被发现。]
2．European
otters
are
hunted
mainly
because
．
A．people
like
keeping
them
as
pets
B．hunters
want
their
meat
C．zoos
want
to
keep
them
D．they
have
valuable
fur
D [细节理解题。根据第二段的“It
is
also
hunted
for
its
fur.”可知欧洲水獭被猎人捕杀是因为它们的皮毛很值钱。]
3．What
is
the
biggest
threat
to
giant
pandas
in
China?
A．They
have
only
one
choice
of
food.
B．Hunters
don't
know
how
to
look
after
the
babies.
C．They
cannot
move
fast
to
look
for
food.
D．The
forests
where
they
live
are
being
cut
down.
A [细节理解题。根据第四段的“They
eat
only
one
kind
of
food—bamboo
shoots(竹笋)．But
there
are
not
always
enough
bamboo
plants
to
be
found.”可知对大熊猫的威胁主要是它们只吃一种食物，没有别的选择。]
4．The
four
paragraphs
above
are
most
probably
taken
from
an
article
about
．
A．things
we
can
do
to
protect
wild
animals
B．the
effect
of
human
activities
on
nature
C．the
living
habits
of
some
wild
animals
D．endangered
animals
in
the
wild
D [主旨大意题。通读全文，可知这四种动物都是濒临灭绝的动物，故可推断以上几段来源于一篇关于濒临灭绝的动物的文章。]
B
The
world
can
be
a
scary
place
when
you're
young.It
can
be
even
scarier
when
you're
a
young
little
blue
penguin(企鹅)，the
tiniest
of
the
penguin
species.Luckily，there
are
some
humans
willing
to
help.They
stepped
in
to
protect
Billy，a
blue
penguin
that
appeared
on
a
beach
in
Christchurch，New
Zealand.
Spotted
on
November
29
at
the
slipway
at
Moncks
Bay，near
Sumner，in
Christchurch，the
little
penguin
immediately
attracted
a
small
crowd.Jeff
Mein
Smith
saw
the
crowd
while
he
was
bicycling
that
afternoon，and
he
biked
home
to
get
his
camera.When
he
returned
to
the
scene，he
found
that
the
penguin
had
received
a
little
sign，one
that
read“Hi，I'm
waiting
for
my
mum
to
come
back.DOC(Department
of
Conservation)knows
I'm
here.Please
leave
me
alone.Keep
your
dog
away.Thanks，Billy
the
baby
blue
penguin.”
Billy
didn't
move
away
from
the
sign.The
DOC
arrived
later
that
afternoon
to
pick
up
Billy，though
they
were
surprised
to
see
it
on
the
beach.“It's
unusual
for
a
blue
penguin
to
be
out
in
the
open
on
the
beach
during
the
day，”Anita
Spencer，a
DOC
senior
ranger，told
Stuff.
Billy
was
taken
to
the
Christchurch
Penguin
Rehabilitation
Center
after
being
retrieved
from
the
beach.Volunteers
believe
the
bird
may
actually
be
a
female
penguin，and
is
around
2
months
old.The
chick
weighs
a
mere
550
grams，less
than
a
standard
basketball.A
blue
penguin
should
weigh
around
900
grams
at
this
age.Most
little
penguins
grow
up
to
weigh
1
kilogram.
The
center
will
help
the
little
penguin
gain
some
weight
by
feeding
it
fish
juice，before
it's
set
free
into
the
ocean.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了一只小蓝企鹅在人们的帮助下最终得救的故事。
5．Why
can
the
world
be
frightening
to
a
young
penguin?
A．It
is
a
rare
species.
B．It
faces
potential
danger.
C．It
is
surrounded
by
the
crowd.
D．It
is
threatened
by
dogs.
B [推理判断题。
根据第二段的内容，尤其是“Please
leave
me
alone.Keep
your
dog
away.”可知，当时有人在那只小蓝企鹅旁边竖立了一个牌子警示人们不要打扰它，不要让狗靠近它。由此可推知，对于那只小蓝企鹅来讲，这个世界是可怕的，因为它面临着一些潜在的危险。故B项正确。]
6．It
can
be
inferred
from
the
text
that
Billy
．
A．is
a
female
penguin
B．has
expressed
its
thanks
C．weighs
less
for
its
age
D．prefers
living
on
the
beach
C [推理判断题。根据第四段中第三、四句可知，这只小蓝企鹅体重只有550克，而处于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重应达到900克左右。由此可推知，这只小蓝企鹅的体重低于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重。故C项正确。]
7．Which
of
the
following
can
replace
the
underlined
word“retrieved”in
Paragraph
4?
A．Ignored.
B．Cured.
C．Given
away.
D．Brought
back.
D [词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句可知，这只小蓝企鹅是从沙滩上被带到克赖斯特彻奇的一个企鹅康复中心的。由此可推知，画线词与brought
back“带回”意思相近。故D项正确。]
8．What
will
happen
to
Billy
in
the
center?
A．It
will
be
reported
to
Stuff.
B．It
will
be
visited
by
the
locals.
C．It
will
be
taken
good
care
of.
D．It
will
be
fed
with
fruit
juice.
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，在这只小蓝企鹅被放回海洋之前，康复中心会帮助它增加一些体重。由此可推知，在那个企鹅康复中心里，这只小蓝企鹅会得到很好的照顾。故C项正确。]
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇
60
词左右的内容概要。
How
many
of
us
could
go
a
week
without
our
cell
phone?
Do
you
even
bother
to
memorize
phone
numbers
anymore?
Technology
has
made
life
so
convenient
for
us
that
it's
almost
scary
to
think
of
what
would
happen
if
we
had
to
go
without
our
favorite
gadget
for
an
extended
period
of
time.We
have
to
face
facts：Technology
has
made
us
lazy.
What's
the
point
of
getting
up，taking
a
shower，getting
dressed，and
driving
to
the
movies
when
you
can
just
sit
on
the
couch
and
fire
up
Netflix?
We've
all
been
there
before.You're
on
the
fence
about
whether
or
not
you
want
to
get
out
and
do
something，but
then
something
comes
over
you.You
start
looking
around
at
your
PS3
and
laptop，then
realize
you
can
have
just
as
much
fun
staying
in
the
house.
Is
it
even
possible
to
get
lost
anymore?
I
get
the
feeling
that
we're
getting
closer
and
closer
to
the
day
when
people
won't
even
be
able
to
read
paper
maps
anymore.There
are
already
a
good
deal
of
young
adults
that
have
no
idea
how
to
navigate
through
their
own
cities
without
using
a
GPS.Being
able
to
print
out
complete
turn
by
turn
directions
for
where
you
need
to
go
on
MapQuest
pretty
much
killed
the
need
for
a
map.
We
have
all
Googled
something
that
we
were
completely
embarrassed
we
didn't
know
the
answer
to.According
to
Google，“How
to
tie
a
tie”
gets
over
500，000
searches
a
month.Exactly，a
quick
search
on
Google
will
bring
up
instructional
YouTube
videos，blog
posts，and
PDF's
that
show
you
how
to
do
anything.So
much
for
being
self?sufficient.
Running
errands
use
to
take
up
entire
Saturday
mornings.By
the
time
you
got
home，you
were
drained
and
just
wanted
to
relax.Well
thanks
to
online
shopping
and
services
like
Peapod，running
your
own
errands
is
a
thing
of
the
past.
I'm
definitely
part
of
the
problem
here
because
I
love
online
shopping.But
I
can
admit
that
it
has
made
me
somewhat
lazy.
【参考范文】
Modern
technology
has
made
us
dependent.In
the
first
place，there
is
no
need
for
us
to
leave
the
house
for
entertainment.(要点1)
Then，nowhere
can
we
go
without
the
aid
of
a
GPS.(要点2)
Moreover，Google
seems
to
be
home
to
anything
we'd
like
to
learn.(要点3)
Finally，shopping
on
the
net
saves
us
a
lot
of
trouble
of
getting
around
exhausted.(要点4)
1/6动词?ing形式和动词?ed形式作补语
一、感官动词后的补语
[观察例句]
①When
I
was
on
my
way
to
school
this
morning，I
saw
two
women
arguing.
②When
we
saw
the
road
blocked
with
snow，we
decided
to
spend
the
holiday
at
home.
③Listen!
Do
you
hear
someone
calling
for
help?
④To
learn
English
well，we
should
find
opportunities
to
hear
English
spoken
as
much
as
possible.
⑤He
was
just
about
to
sit
down
when
he
felt
something
moving
near
his
feet.
[归纳用法]
(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look
at，notice，find，discover，catch(当场发现)，hear，listen
to，feel，sense(意识到)等后的复合宾语中，若作补语的动词与其前的宾语之间为主动关系，则用动词?ing形式作补语；若为被动关系，则用动词?ed形式作补语。
(2)变成被动语态后宾补就成了主补，形式不发生变化。
[即学即练1] 用括号内动词的适当形式填空
①I
stood
on
the
bridge
and
watched
boats
passing(pass)
by.
②She
could
sense
danger
approaching(approach)．
③He
found
his
hometown
greatly
changed(change)．
④I'd
like
to
see
the
plan
carried(carry)
out.
⑤The
young
man
was
caught
stealing(steal)
a
car.
二、使役动词后的补语
[观察例句]
①He
had
us
laughing
by
telling
jokes
all
through
the
meal.
②He
had
his
leg
injured
trying
to
save
a
mate
from
a
pile
of
coal.
③He
can't
have
done
such
a
terrible
thing
as
to
keep
you
waiting
so
long.
④You
should
keep
me
informed
of
his
whereabouts.
⑤Only
by
shouting
at
the
top
of
his
voice
was
he
able
to
make
himself
heard.
⑥The
photographs
made
me
think
back
to
my
schooldays.
[归纳用法]
(1)使役动词
have，get，keep，leave等后的复合宾语中，可用动词?ing形式和动词?ed形式作补语，其规则同感官动词。
(2)使役动词make，let后一般不跟动词?ing形式作补语，若作补语的动词与其前的宾语之间为主动关系时，用不带to的不定式。
[即学即练2] 用括号内动词的适当形式填空
①They
use
computers
to
keep
the
traffic
running(run)
smoothly.
②Before
driving
into
the
city，you
are
required
to
get
your
car
washed(wash)．
③He
had
to
raise
his
voice
so
as
to
make
himself
heard(hear)．
④Don't
leave
the
windows
broken(break)
like
this
all
the
time.
⑤He
had
the
fire
burning(burn)
all
the
night
to
keep
warm.
三、with复合结构中的补语
[观察例句]
①With
the
exam
approaching，it
is
a
good
idea
to
review
your
class
notes.
②With
his
homework
finished，he
went
out
to
play.
[归纳用法]
在“with＋宾语＋补语”的复合结构中，可用动词?ing形式和动词?ed形式作补语，其规则同感官动词和使役动词。
[即学即练3] 用括号内动词的适当形式填空
①With
so
many
people
looking(look)
at
him，he
felt
very
nervous.
②With
most
of
the
problems
solved(solve)，I
felt
a
great
weight
taken
off
my
mind.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He
observed
a
stranger
hanging(hang)
around
the
store.
2．The
manager
was
satisfied
to
see
many
new
products
developed(develop)
after
great
effort.
3．A
cook
will
be
immediately
fired
if
he
is
found
smoking(smoke)
in
the
kitchen.
4．He
found
himself
lying(lie)
in
the
hospital
when
he
woke
up.
5．They
had
the
light
burning(burn)
all
night
long.
6．Mr.Smith
had
his
house
broken(break)
into
while
he
was
away
on
holiday.
7．The
father
wanted
his
daughter
to
be
taught(teach)
piano.
8．The
murder
was
brought
in，with
his
hands
tied(tie)
behind
his
back.
9．He
was
so
nervous
that
he
could
hear
his
heart
beating(beat)
wildly.
10．With
the
society
developing(develop)
rapidly，it's
necessary
for
us
to
have
a
good
knowledge
of
English
and
computer.
Ⅱ.用括号内动词的适当形式填空
Once
I
was
lucky
enough
to
watch
Charlie
Chaplin
1.making(make)
one
of
his
famous
films.I
observed
him
2.directing(direct)
as
well
as
3.acting(act)
in
it.He
had
a
particular
method
of
film
4.making(make)．He
planned
the
story
and
then
performed
and
5.filmed(film)
each
scene
many
times.I
saw
him
6.making(make)
each
scene
a
little
different.Then
I
found
him
7.picking(pick)
out
the
scenes
he
liked
best
and
8.joining(join)
them
together
to
make
the
film
more
9.entertaining(entertain)，it
was
an
10.interesting(interest)
experience
as
it
was
clear
that
he
did
not
keep
to
a
strict
budget.速读P62－63的教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确、错误、还是没有提及。
1．Sharks
are
endangered
just
because
they
are
a
danger
to
humans.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not
mentioned
2．The
film
Jaws
made
people
more
scared
of
sharks
than
before.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not
mentioned
3．Sharks
don't
see
people
as
food，and
they
attack
people
by
mistake.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not
mentioned
4．Laws
have
been
passed
to
protect
sharks
from
extinction.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not
mentioned
[答案] 1－4 BAAC
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息
A．that
shows
a
shark
attack
B．that
sharks
were
bad
animals
C．that
attacks
and
kills
swimmers
D．that
sharks
don't
see
people
as
food
E．that
the
film
Jaws
was
based
on
F．that
his
book
was
wrong
about
sharks'
behaviour
1．Experts
have
proved
．
2．The
film
Jaws
tell
of
a
great
white
shark
．
3．Peter
Benchley
wrote
the
book
．
4．In
the
film
Jaws
you
can
see
a
scene
．
5．Many
people
who
saw
the
film
Jaws
believed
.
6．Peter
Benchley
admitted
．
[答案] 1－6 DCEABF
Ⅲ.表格填空
People's
fear
of
sharks
●People
have
been
always
been
1.scared
of
sharks.●The
film
Jaws
tells
the
story
of
a
great
white
shark
that
2.attacks
and
kills
swimmers.●The
film
strengthened
people's
long?held
idea
of
the
great
white
shark
as
3.a
dangerous
animal.●Some
people
stopped
4.swimming
in
the
sea
while
others
started
5.fishing
for
sharks.
People's
cruelty
to
sharks
●Finning
is
a
type
of
fishing
where
sharks
are
caught
and
their
fins
6.cut
off.
People's
awareness
of
protecting
sharks
●Peter
Benchley
admitted
that
his
book
7.was
wrong
about
sharks
and
fought
to
protect
them.●Experts
have
proved
that
sharks
don't
8.see
people
as
food
，and
they
attack
us
by
mistake.●Some
people
became
interested
in
9.understanding
sharks，and
more
people
want
to
10.protect
them
from
extinction.
细读教材P62－63中材料，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1
A．The
film
Jaws
made
people
more
frightened
of
sharks.
2．Para.2
B．Finning，a
cruel
way
people
treat
sharks.
3．Para.3
C．More
people
want
to
protect
sharks
from
extinction.
4．Para.4
D．Brief
introduction
of
the
film
Jaws.
5．Para.5
E．Finning
had
a
great
effect
on
Peter
Benchley.
[答案] 1－5 DABEC
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．Why
is
the
film
Jaws
mentioned
in
this
passage?
A．Because
the
film
is
mainly
about
sharks.
B．Because
the
film
is
based
on
a
real
person.
C．Because
the
film
has
a
great
effect
on
sharks.
D．Because
the
film
won
many
rewards.
2．Why
does
the
number
of
large
sharks
decrease
quickly?
A．Because
large
sharks
were
finned.
B．Because
people
were
afraid
of
them.
C．Because
people
were
tired
of
them.
D．Because
the
environment
was
destroyed.
3．What
is
true
about
Peter
Benchley?
A．He
made
the
film
Jaws.
B．He
played
a
part
in
the
film
Jaws.
C．He
was
a
volunteer
to
protect
sharks.
D．He
wrote
a
book
about
sharks.
4．What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A．The
film
Jaws
was
a
great
success.
B．Sharks
looking
dangerous
are
endangered.
C．The
reason
why
the
number
of
sharks
are
decreasing.
D．The
ways
to
protect
the
sharks.
[答案] 1－4 CADB
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能(三)——衔接与连贯
阅读课文中含有衔接词的语句。
①People
have
always
been
scared
of
sharks，but
Jaws
made
things
worse.
②At
that
time，nobody
cared
if
sharks
were
killed，or
how
many
were
killed.
③This
was
not
only
due
to
fear
of
sharks，but
also
finning.
④In
1980，Benchley
was
diving
when
he
came
across
an
awful
sight.课时分层作业(十七)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I'm
going
to
have
my
hair
cut(cut)this
afternoon.
2．On
average
he
recites
10
words
every
day
and
his
English
has
improved
greatly.
3．In
preparation
for
lectures，I
urge
you
to
do(do)
more
reading.
4．He
established(establish)
a
new
research
center
in
Beijing
last
year.
5．Large
amounts
of
money
have
been
spent(spend)
in
bringing
up
his
children
so
far.
6．To
understand
the
grammar
of
the
sentence，you
must
break
it
down
into
parts.
7．Devoted(devote)
to
teaching
the
deaf
children，the
young
lady
has
little
time
to
care
for
her
own
daughter.
8．They
were
taken
to
the
police
station
as
they
had
entered
the
area
without
permission/being
permitted(permit)．
9．How
do
you
account
for
so
many
mistakes
in
your
homework?
10．As
far
as
I
am
concerned(concern)，all
the
students
and
teachers
should
work
hard
and
keep
safety
in
mind.
Ⅱ.完形填空
I
have
always
been
hard?working
in
school.And
I
enjoyed
gaining
new
understanding
about
study.One
way
was
making
1
．
Math
has
always
been
my
favorite
subject.During
each
math
class，while
2
，I
waited
for
my
golden
opportunities
to
show
myself，which
were
3
．When
they
came，I
would
4
my
hand.Answering
them
5
made
me
feel
I
was
recognized
by
my
classmates
and
teacher.The
only
problem
was
that
I
wanted
to
be
perfect－to
be
right
every
time.
As
it
turned
out，living
up
to
this
standard
was
6
.In
one
class，I
stood
up
confidently
but
gave
a
7
answer.Even
though
I
knew
this
was
certainly
not
my
first
mistake
in
life，something
8
had
come
at
that
moment.I
thought
that
my
classmates
might
think
I
was
stupid.The
beautiful
castle
that
I
had
built
up
9
after
my
mistake.
In
the
following
classes，I
was
in
low
spirits
and
became
10
．Even
if
I
may
have
known
the
answer，I
was
unwilling
to
take
the
risk
of
damaging
my
self?confidence
any
more.Noticing
my
11
，my
math
teacher
talked
with
me
and
learned
my
problem.She
told
me
that
mistakes
are
an
important
part
of
learning
12
they
can
point
out
our
weaknesses
and
help
us
progress.I
should
set
up
the
principle
of
13
mistakes.
From
that
experience，I
realized
that
even
though
I
thought
I
was
right
about
most
things，I
was
wrong
in
my
14
．School
is
not
a
place
to
15
but
a
place
to
learn.What
I
now
know
is
that
by
holding
fast
to
humility
(谦虚)
and
learning
to
grow
from
my
mistakes，I
can
truly
learn
in
a
way
I
could
never
in
the
past.
【语篇解读】 本文语篇类型是夹叙夹议文，主题语境是学习。作者在数学课上的偶然一次犯错改变了他的学习观。
1．A.mistakes
B．rules
C．friends
D．promises
A [根据下文内容可知，此处是指犯错误。]
2．A.teaching
B．writing
C．reviewing
D．listening
D [根据空前During
each
math
class可知，此处是指“我”在课堂上听课。]
3．A.reports
B．questions
C．tasks
D．challenges
B [根据空后内容可知，此处是指问题。]
4．A.touch
B．shake
C．raise
D．wave
C [根据空后的Answering
them可知，此处是指举手回答问题。]
5．A.briefly
B．finally
C．carefully
D．correctly
D [根据空后的feel
I
was
recognized可知，此处是指回答正确。]
6．A.natural
B．impossible
C．unnecessary
D．informal
B [根据空后内容可知，此处是指要达到每次都正确的标准是不可能的。]
7．A.wrong
B．short
C．quick
D．right
A [根据第8空前的my
first
mistake可知，此处是“我”给了一个错误的答案。]
8．A.important
B．terrible
C．different
D．interesting
C [根据下文“我”的转变可知，此处是指在那刻不一样的事情发生了。]
9．A.broke
in
B．turned
up
C．set
off
D．fell
down
D [因为“我”的错误回答，所以“我”认为别的同学会觉得“我”是愚蠢的，心中建立的美丽城堡也在犯错后倒塌了。]
10．A.sad
B．silent
C．sensitive
D．optimistic
B [根据下文内容可知，从此“我”情绪低落，也不愿意再冒险回答问题。]
11．A.awkwardness
B．embarrassment
C．loneliness
D．abnormality
D [根据“我”的表现可知，此处是指反常。]
12．A.if
B．so
C．as
D．before
C [错误是学习的重要部分，因为错误可以帮助指出我们的缺点并帮助我们进步，此处是指原因。]
13．A.accepting
B．making
C．realizing
D．repeating
A [因为错误的这些作用，所以“我”应该在学习中接受自己所犯的错误。]
14．A.schedule
B．concern
C．hobby
D．attitude
D [“我”认识到自己在学习态度上存在问题。]
15．A.get
along
B．show
off
C．play
D．choose
B [根据上文“我”的表现以及第3空前的show
myself可知，“我”认识到了学校不是让你出风头的地方，而是学习的地方。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Once
there
were
two
mice，a
city
mouse
and
a
country
mouse.They
were
distant
relatives.One
day
the
city
mouse，1.________
lived
in
a
big
house
wrote
a
letter
to
the
country
mouse
inviting
him
for
a
visit.
Delighted，the
country
mouse
accepted
the
2._______(invite)
and
came
to
the
city
mouse's
house.He
3.________(greet)by
the
city
mouse
cheerfully.The
country
mouse
was
surprised
how
big
the
house
was！The
city
mouse
was
pleased
and
4.________(lead)the
country
mouse
to
the
kitchen.When
they
climbed
up
the
table，there
were
a
large
piece
of
bread，fruit
and
cheese
5.________
it.But
just
as
they
began
to
eat，they
heard
6.________
loud
noise.The
city
mouse
cried，“Run!
Run!
The
cat
7.________(come)！”
They
ran
away
quickly
and
hid.
8．________(breathe)
heavily
after
hiding
in
the
mouse?hole，the
country
mouse
said
to
the
city
mouse，“I
should
go
back
to
my
house
in
the
country.Even
if
I
eat
nothing
but
beans，I
can
live
9.________(peaceful)．Why
don't
you
come
with
me
to
the
country?
It
is
10.___________(nice)
to
be
poor
and
happy，than
to
be
rich
and
afraid.”
【语篇解读】 城里老鼠邀请乡下老鼠去做客，当看到城里的大房子和美味的食物，乡下老鼠很惊讶，但是突然到来的猫让它觉得还是乡下好。
1．who [考查定语从句。此处空格处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，此处用了拟人手法。]
2．invitation [考查词性转换。定冠词后用名词。]
3．was
greeted [考查时态和语态。由by可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。]
4．led [考查时态。根据空格前的and可知，此处应用一般过去时。]
5．on [考查介词。on
it指“在桌子上面”。]
6．a [考查冠词。a
loud
noise
“一声巨响”。]
7．is
coming [考查时态。现在进行时表示将来，意为“猫要来了”。]
8．Breathing [考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语作伴随状语。]
9．peacefully [考查词性转换。修饰动词live用副词。]
10．nicer [考查形容词的比较级。由句中的than可知，此处应用nice的比较级nicer。]
1/5课时分层作业(十六)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They
managed
to
scare(吓唬)the
bears
away.
2．Pollution
is
pushing
this
animal
to
the
very
edge
of
extinction(灭绝)．
3．He
dived(潜水)
into
the
water
and
rescued
the
drowning
boy.
4．Fortunately(幸运的是)，the
fire
was
discovered
soon
after
it
had
started.
5．He
wrote
a
series
of
articles，hoping
to
change
people's
attitude(态度)
towards
the
disabled.
6．The
visit
was
targeted(把……作为目标)
to
develop
relations
between
the
two
countries.
7．We
want
people
to
discover
that
a
shark(鲨鱼)
is
an
amazing
animal
that
needs
our
protection.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
One
day，while
I
was
walking
on
the
street，I
saw
a
young
cat
attacking
an
old
cat.I
immediately
ran
to
them
and
drove
the
young
cat
away.When
I
got
close
to
the
old
cat，I
found
he
had
got
injured.
I
held
him
in
my
arms
and
rushed
to
the
Best
Friends
Animal
Clinic.There
he
received
important
medical
care.But
with
a
serious
infection
(感染)
in
his
leg，he
was
far
from
out
of
the
woods．He
was
very
sick
and
in
shock.His
body
temperature
was
far
below
normal.He
couldn't
move
and
was
breathing
hard
for
air.The
vet
team
immediately
cleaned
his
wounds，used
medicine
to
fight
off
the
infection
and
reduce
his
pain，and
placed
him
in
an
oxygen
tank.But
he
was
still
getting
weaker
by
the
minute.At
last，the
vet
team
had
to
remove
his
damaged
and
infected
leg
to
save
him.
After
he
recovered，I
took
him
home
and
named
him
Tommy.He
learned
how
to
ride
in
a
stroller
(小推车)．Once
he
got
used
to
the
stroller，doors
began
to
open
for
him.He
began
going
on
morning
rounds
with
me.He
made
a
few
furry
friends，too，including
a
Chihuahua.He
even
had
a
picnic
with
the
Chihuahua
on
a
blanket
under
the
sunny
sky.
Though
Tommy's
life
as
an
outdoor
cat
may
have
ended，the
medical
care
he
received
has
made
it
possible
for
him
to
have
a
whole
new
life.Now
Tommy
stays
very
positive
(积极的)．He
taught
me
a
good
lesson—though
bad
things
happen
in
our
life，we
should
always
stay
positive
and
enjoy
what
we
have.
【语篇解读】 作者救了一只受伤的猫并且精心照顾他，让他过上了新的生活。
1．The
underlined
part
in
Paragraph
2
means
that
the
cat
．
A．was
making
a
slow
recovery
B．was
in
great
danger
C．was
filled
with
anger
D．suffered
a
lot
from
his
wounds
B [句意猜测题。根据画线部分后面的“He
was
very
sick
and
in
shock．．．He
couldn't
move
and
was
breathing
hard
for
air.”可知，画线部分的内容是指这只猫处于危险之中。]
2．After
using
medicine
to
fight
off
the
infection
in
the
cat's
leg，the
vet
team
found
that
．
A．the
cat's
body
got
infected
too
B．the
medicine
wasn't
very
helpful
C．the
cat's
body
temperature
became
normal
D．the
cat
would
die
unless
all
his
legs
were
removed
B [细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“But
he
was
still
getting
weaker
by
the
minute.At
last，the
vet
team
had
to
remove
his
damaged
and
infected
leg
to
save
him.”可知，兽医们发现药物并不能阻止那只猫的伤势恶化。]
3．What
does
Paragraph
3
mainly
tell
us?
A．The
cat
was
very
clever
and
friendly.
B．It
took
a
long
time
for
the
cat
to
recover.
C．That
stroller
was
of
great
importance
to
the
cat.
D．The
cat
started
a
new
life
with
the
author's
help.
D [段落大意题。根据文章第三段的描述，尤其是其中的“Once
he
got
used
to
the
stroller，doors
began
to
open
for
him.”可知，本段主要是讲这只猫开始了新的生活。]
4．What
did
the
author
learn
from
the
cat?
A．We
shouldn't
be
beaten
by
bad
things.
B．Humans
should
treat
animals
kindly.
C．Bad
things
can
happen
to
anyone.
D．Animals
are
humans'
best
friends.
A [推理判断题。根据末段中的“He
taught
me
a
good
lesson—though
bad
things
happen
in
our
life，we
should
always
stay
positive
and
enjoy
what
we
have.”可知，这只猫让作者明白我们不应该被坏事情击败。]
B
In
the
1950s，a
family
who
owned
a
farm
near
Beulah，Michigan
kept
a
bull
chained
to
an
elm(榆树)．The
bull
paced
around
the
tree，dragging
the
heavy
iron
chain，which
led
to
a
groove(槽)in
the
bark.The
groove
deepened
over
the
years，though
for
whatever
reason，it
did
not
kill
the
tree.
After
some
years，the
family
took
their
bull
away.They
cut
the
chain，leaving
the
loop(圈)around
the
tree
and
one
link
hanging
down.
Then
one
year，agricultural
disaster
struck
Michigan
in
the
form
of
Dutch
Elm
Disease.All
of
the
elms
lining
the
road
leading
to
the
farm
became
infected
and
died.Everyone
thought
that
the
old
elm
would
be
next.
The
farm's
owners
considered
doing
the
safe
thing：pulling
it
out
and
cutting
it
up
into
firewood
before
it
died.But
they
simply
could
not
bring
themselves
to
do
it.It
was
as
if
the
old
tree
had
become
a
family
friend.So
they
decided
to
let
nature
take
its
course.
Amazingly，the
tree
did
not
die.Nobody
could
understand
why
it
was
the
only
elm
that
was
still
standing
in
the
country!
Plant
pathologists(病理学家)from
Michigan
State
University
came
out
to
observe
the
tree.They
observed
the
scar
left
by
the
iron
chain，now
almost
completely
covered
by
bark.The
plant
experts
decided
that
it
was
the
chain
that
saved
the
elm's
life.They
reasoned
that
the
tree
must
have
absorbed
so
much
iron
from
the
chain
that
it
became
immune
to
the
fungus(真菌)．
It's
said
that
what
doesn't
kill
you
will
make
you
stronger.Or，as
Ernest
Hemingway
put
it，“Life
breaks
us
all，but
afterwards，many
of
us
are
strongest
at
the
broken
places.”
【语篇解读】 “祸兮福之所倚”，在自然灾难面前，有些人或物被打倒，而有些幸免于难。本文就密歇根州的榆树的遭遇说明了这一事实。
5．What
happened
to
the
elms
in
Michigan
during
the
agricultural
disaster?
A．Nearly
all
of
the
elms
died
of
a
disease.
B．Some
of
the
elms
were
cut
up
into
firewood.
C．All
the
elms
were
infected
by
a
disease
and
died.
D．The
elms
were
tied
by
iron
chains.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中“All
of
the
elms
lining
the
road
leading
to
the
farm
became
infected
and
died.”可知答案为A。]
6．From
the
passage
we
can
learn
that
the
old
elm
was
saved
by
．
A．the
iron
remaining
in
it
B．the
fungus
in
the
tree
C．the
groove
in
the
bark
D．its
own
immune
system
A [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The
plant
experts
decided
that
it
was
the
chain
that
saved
the
elm's
life.They
reasoned
that
the
tree
must
have
absorbed
so
much
iron
from
the
chain
that
it
became
immune
to
the
fungus(真菌)．”可知，老榆树活下来是因为它吸收了大量的铁元素从而对真菌具有了免疫力，故答案为A。]
7．The
underlined
sentence“let
nature
take
its
course”means“
”．
A．have
nature
give
a
lesson
to
the
elm
B．help
the
elm
grow
normally
C．let
nature
take
the
elm
away
D．leave
the
elm
at
the
mercy
of
nature
D [词义猜测题。从上下文可知，此处是让老榆树听从大自然的摆布，故答案为D。]
8．What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A．Never
Lose
Heart
in
Trouble
B．Strike
While
the
Iron
Is
Hot
C．Stronger
after
Suffering
D．Brave
to
Face
Failure
C [标题归纳题。通读全文，可知文章主要讲了老榆树在遭遇磨难后，当自然灾难来临时，反而变得更坚强的故事。故答案为C。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Going
green
Lizzy
Greene's
official
website
says
it
all：“Actress，Artist
&
Animal
Lover.”At
13，Lizzy
has
performed
in
children's
theater，and
she
is
a
trained
gymnast.She
is
most
known
for
her
role
as
Dawn
Harper
on
Nickelodeon's
Nicky.Ricky，Dicky
&
Dawn.Now
Lizzy
is
taking
on
another
role－as
a
voice
for
animals.
1
She
grew
up
with
dogs，and
her
family's
pet
is
a
110?pound
German
shepherd(牧羊犬)named
Jett.On
the
show，Lizzy
shares
the
screen
with
a
lovable
20?pound
dog
named
Squishy
Paws.In
second
grade，she
stationed
herself
outside
her
school
to
ask
for
donations(捐款)to
a
local
animal
shelter.
2
．
Now
Lizzy
is
also
speaking
out
for
farm
animals.She's
recently
joined
The
Humane
Society
of
the
United
States'
Meatless
Monday
movement.She
encourages
young
people
to
take
a
break
from
eating
meat
on
Mondays.
3
And
she's
encouraging
the
under?20
crowd
to
take
part.
Lizzy
knows
that
raising
animals
for
meat
causes
pollution，uses
a
lot
of
natural
resources
like
water
and
also
harms
animals.
4
Choosing
meat?free
meals
one
day
a
week
is
also
a
great
way
to
feel
healthy.
Many
K?12
schools，universities
and
hospitals
nationwide
have
started
Meatless
Monday
programs.
“It's
so
easy
to
love
animals，”Lizzy
says.
5
For
some
kid?and?animal?friendly
meatless
recipes(食谱)，visit
humanesociety.org/kindnews.
A．It's
easy
to
eat
animal?friendly
foods，too.
B．Lizzy
has
only
just
begun
her
bright
career.
C．Animals
have
always
been
a
big
part
of
Lizzy's
life.
D．And
Lizzy
says
she
has
always
wanted
to
help
animals.
E．Cutting
meat
from
our
diet
once
a
week
helps
the
environment
and
animals.
F．Kids'
breakfast
can
be
as
simple
as
trying
a
vegetable
burger
instead
of
a
hamburger.
G．After
the
movement，Lizzy
says
she
wants
to
save
a
few
more
lives
and
force
humans
to
eat
healthier.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。演员Lizzy
Greene通过参加“周一无肉日”活动，用自己的实际行动号召人们一起保护动物及环境。
1．C [根据下文中的“She
grew
up
with
dogs，and
her
family's
pet
is
a
110?pound
German
shepherd(牧羊犬)
named
Jett.On
the
show，Lizzy
shares
the
screen
with
a
lovable
20?pound
dog
named
Squishy
Paws.”可知，Lizzy从小就一直养狗，在她出演的电视剧中也养了一条狗，由此可知，动物是她生活的一部分。C项是对下文的概括总结。]
2．D [根据上文中的“In
second
grade，she
stationed
herself
outside
her
school
to
ask
for
donations(捐款)
to
a
local
animal
shelter”及下文中的“Now
Lizzy
is
also
speaking
out
for
farm
animals.”可知，Lizzy二年级时就开始帮助当地的动物收容所筹款，现在又开始为保护农场动物贡献自己的一份力量。由此可知Lizzy希望保护、照顾动物。D项衔接上下文。]
3．G [联系上文中的“She's
recently
joined
The
Humane
Society
of
the
United
States'
Meatless
Monday
movement.She
encourages
young
people
to
take
a
break
from
eating
meat
on
Mondays.”可知，Lizzy参加了“周一无肉日”活动，并鼓励年轻人每逢周一食素。由此可知，她希望可以通过这项活动来挽救一些小动物并促使人们吃得更健康。G项符合此处语境。]
4．E [根据上文中的“Lizzy
knows
that
raising
animals
for
meat
causes
pollution，uses
a
lot
of
natural
resources
like
water
and
also
harms
animals.”可知，Lizzy知道饲养为人们提供肉类的动物既浪费自然资源、污染环境，又会伤害动物，所以她认为每逢周一食素既环保又保护动物。E项与上文呈因果关系，与下文构成并列关系。]
5．A [A项“食素其实也很简单”与上文的“It's
so
easy
to
love
animals”构成并列关系。下文的“For
some
kid?and?animal?friendly
meatless
recipes(食谱)，visit
humanesociety.org/kindnews.”又是对A项的解释说明。]
1/71．scare
v．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬→scared
adj.害怕的，恐惧的→scary
adj.可怕的，吓人的
2．dive
v．(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水→diver
n．潜水员→diving
n．潜水
3．fortune
n．运气；命运；财富→fortunate
adj.幸运的→fortunately
adv.幸运地
4．extinct
adj.灭绝的，绝种的→extinction
n．灭绝，绝种
target
v．把……作为目标 n．目标；对象；靶子
①Few
players
managed
to
get
their
shots
on
the
target.
靶子
②The
company
has
targeted
adults
as
its
primary
customers.
把……作为目标
③We
were
still
right
on
target
for
our
deadline.
目标
Words
and
Phrases
scare
v．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬 n．恐慌，惊吓
(教材P62) People
have
always
been
scared
of
sharks，but
Jaws
made
things
worse.
虽然人们一直都害怕鲨鱼，但《大白鲨》让事态变得更为严重。
[例1] The
drought
is
really
serious，but
it
can't
scare
us.
旱情确实很严重，但它吓不倒我们。
[例2] Don't
you
realize
what
a
scare
you've
given
us
all?
你难道没意识到你把我们大家都吓得不轻吗？
[造句] 对不起，我并不是要吓唬你们。
I'm
sorry，but
I
didn't
mean
to
scare
you.
[知识拓展]
(1)scare．．．away/off
把……吓跑
scare．．．to
death
把……吓得要死
scare
sb.into
doing
sth.
威胁/恐吓某人做某事
scare
sb.out
of
one's
mind/skin
把某人吓得魂不附体
(2)scared
adj.
害怕的，恐惧的
be
scared
of
害怕
(3)scary
adj.
可怕的，吓人的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
high
price
scared
away/off
many
possible
buyers.
②News
of
the
robbery
scared
many
people
into
fitting
new
locks
to
their
doors.
③
It's
scary(scare)
to
think
how
easily
children
can
be
hurt.
[小片段助记]
The
scary
scene
scared
the
boy.He
felt
scared
but
he
tried
to
hide
his
scare.
due
to
因为，由于；应归于；应支付
(教材P62)This
was
not
only
due
to
fear
of
sharks，but
also
finning.
这不仅是因为人们对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为割鳍。
[例1] Most
of
the
problems
were
due
to
human
error.
多数问题都是人为错误造成的。
[例2] That
money
is
due
to
me，but
I
haven't
got
it
yet.
那笔钱是应付给我的，而我至今还未拿到。
[造句] 这项工程由于缺乏资金而不得不放弃。
The
project
had
to
be
abandoned
due
to
a
lack
of
money.
[知识拓展]
be
due
to
do
sth.预期做某事，预定要做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
restaurant's
success
was
largely
due
to
its
new
manager.
②The
bus
was
due
to
arrive(arrive)
at
5
p．m.，but
it
arrived
one
hour
late
due
to
the
heavy
fog.
cut
off
切掉，砍掉；切断，中断(供给)；使隔绝
(教材P62)Finning
is
a
type
of
fishing
where
sharks
are
caught
and
their
fins
cut
off.
割鳍是一种捕鱼方式，在这种捕鱼方式中，鲨鱼被捕获后，它们的鳍被割掉。
[例1] He
had
hardly
turned
on
the
TV
when
the
power
was
cut
off.
他刚要打开电视就停电了。
[例2] The
village
was
cut
off
from
the
outside
world
by
heavy
snow
for
a
month.
由于大雪，这个村子与外界隔离了一个月。
[造句] 他在工作时被机器切掉了一个手指。
He
had
a
finger
cut
off
by
a
machine
while
working.
[知识拓展]
cut
down
砍倒；减少，缩减
cut
in
插话；插进；让某人分享利润
cut
out
裁剪；删除
cut
up
切碎；剁碎
cut
through
开通(隧道)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My
uncle
hasn't
been
able
to
quit
smoking，but
at
least
he
has
cut
down．
②It
is
impolite
for
children
to
cut
in
when
adults
are
talking.
③Let's
cut
up
the
chicken
and
make
some
soup.
fortunately
adv.幸运地
(教材P63)Fortunately，not
everyone
who
watched
the
film
Jaws
became
afraid
of
sharks—some
became
interested
in
understanding
them.
幸运的是，并不是所有看过电影《大白鲨》的人都害怕鲨鱼——有些人对了解鲨鱼很感兴趣。
[例1] I
got
to
the
station
late，but
fortunately
the
train
was
still
there.
我到车站时已经晚了，但是幸运的是火车还没有开。
[例2] Fortunately，she
promised
me
another
chance
to
interview.
幸运的是，她答应给我一个重新面试的机会。
[造句] 幸运的是，他在最后一刻赶上了最后一班车。
Fortunately，he
caught
the
last
bus
at
the
last
moment.
[知识拓展]
(1)fortunately
for
sb.
某人幸运的是
(2)fortunate
adj.
幸运的
be
fortunate
to
do
sth.
幸运的做某事
(3)fortune
n.
运气；命运；财富
make
a
fortune
发大财
(4)unfortunate
adj.
不幸的
unfortunately
adv.
不幸地
misfortune
n.
厄运
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
was
fortunate
to
have(have)
a
lovely
and
healthy
child.
②It
is
said
that
the
old
man
made
a
fortune
abroad
by
collecting
old
things.
③We
have
to
depend
on
our
original
plan
if
unfortunately(fortunately)
this
one
doesn't
work
out.
④He
would
laugh
the
loudest
over
fun
and
be
the
saddest
over
anyone's
misfortune(fortune)．
[小片段助记]
It
was
fortunate
of
them
to
make
a
fortune
by
trading
with
foreigners.And
more
fortunately
for
them，they
were
supported
by
the
government.
extinction
n．灭绝，绝种
(教材P63)Today，as
we
learn
more
about
sharks，more
people
than
ever
want
to
protect
them
from
extinction.
今天，随着我们对鲨鱼了解得越来越多，越来越多的人想要保护它们免于灭绝。
[例1] Many
rare
animals
are
close
to
extinction，so
we
must
find
ways
to
protect
our
environment.
许多稀有动物濒临灭绝，因此我们必须想办法保护我们的环境。
[例2] As
is
often
the
case，humans
are
the
primary
cause
of
extinction.
通常情况下，人类是物种灭绝的主要原因。
[造句] 这种植物现在有绝种的危险。
The
plant
is
now
in
danger
of
extinction.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
close
to
extinction
濒临灭绝
protect．．．from
extinction
保护……免于灭绝
(2)extinct
adj.
灭绝的，绝种的
(3)die
out
灭绝，绝种
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In
brief，the
extinction(extinct)
of
the
dinosaurs
occurred
long
before
humans
came
into
being.
②If
people
don't
pay
attention
to
the
protection
of
rare
animals，they
will
soon
die
out．
attitude
n．(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度；姿势，姿态
(教材P64)Complete
the
chart
showing
how
attitudes
towards
sharks
have
changed
with
words
and
expressions
from
the
passage.
用本文的单词和短语完成这个展示人们对鲨鱼的态度是如何变化的表格。
[例1] As
the
saying
goes，attitude
determines
altitude.
俗话说，态度决定高度。
[例2] People
with
a
positive
attitude
towards
life
are
more
likely
to
succeed.
对生活有积极态度的人更有可能成功。
[造句] 如果你想通过考试，你最好改变你的态度。
If
you
want
to
pass
the
exam，you'd
better
change
your
attitude.
[知识拓展]
attitude
to/towards．．．
对……的态度/看法
have/take
a
positive/negative
attitude
to/towards．．．
对……持肯定/否定的态度
take/adopt
a/an．．．attitude
采取……的态度
in
a．．．attitude
以……的姿势
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What
is
your
attitude
towards/to
senior
high
students
taking
up
a
part?time
job?
②
Beauty
is
an
attitude.It
has
nothing
to
do
with
age.
③He
was
kneeling
by
his
bed
in
an
attitude
of
devotion.
Sentence
Pattern
形容词作状语
(教材P62) Some
people
stopped
swimming
in
the
sea，afraid
of
the
horrible
creature
from
the
film.
一些人停止在海里游泳，因为害怕遇到电影里描写的这种可怕的动物。
句式分析：afraid
of
the
horrible
creature
from
the
film是形容词短语作状语，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
[例1] Surprised
and
afraid，Tom
ran
out
of
the
room.
又惊又怕，汤姆从房间里跑了出去。
[例2] One
woman
was
lying
in
bed，awake，listening
to
the
rushing
winds.
一位妇女躺在床上，醒着，静听着那急急的风声。
[造句] 长途旅行后他们三个回家了，又累又饿。
After
the
long
journey，the
three
of
them
went
back
home，hungry
and
tired.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
little
match
girl
was
walking
in
the
street，cold
and
hungry(hunger)．
②Surprised(surprise)
and
happy，Tony
stood
up
and
accepted
the
prize.
③He
came
back
after
a
trip，tired(tire)
but
happy.
1．(教材P62)Many
people
who
saw
the
film
started
to
believe
that
sharks
were
bad
animals
that
ate
humans.
分析：本句为复合句。主语部分中who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词many
people；动词believe后为that引导的宾语从句，其中包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词bad
animals。
译文：许多看过这部影片的人开始相信鲨鱼是吃人的坏动物。
2．(教材P63)Finning
would
have
an
unexpected
effect
upon
Peter
Benchley，the
man
who
wrote
the
book
the
film
Jaws
was
based
on.
分析：本句为复合句。the
man与Peter
Benchley为同位语，其后who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the
man，而the
book后为省略关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the
book。
译文：割鳍可能对彼得·本奇利产生了意想不到的影响。此人写了《大白鲨》，电影《大白鲨》就是以该书为蓝本。
教材
高考
1.People
have
always
been
scared
of
sharks，but
Jaws
made
things
worse.
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)．．．but
the
gun
shots
had
scared
the
dog
off.
2.Complete
the
chart
showing
how
attitudes
towards
sharks
have
changed
with
words
and
expressions
from
the
passage.
(2019·北京卷)Students
should
have
a
proper
attitude
towards
college
before
thinking
about
which
college
to
attend．．．
3.Today，as
we
learn
more
about
sharks，more
people
than
ever
want
to
protect
them
from
extinction.
(2019·天津卷)The
weak
links
may
thus
keep
species
from
driving
one
another
to
extinction.
4.Finning
would
have
an
unexpected
effect
upon
Peter
Benchley，the
man
who
wrote
the
book
the
film
Jaws
was
based
on.
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They
require
a
bigger
commitment
than
smaller
ones，and
they
have
a
more
powerful
effect
on
the
feeling
of
a
space.
5.In
1980，Benchley
was
diving
when
he
came
across
an
awful
sight.
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I
took
off
my
T?shirt
and
dived
into
the
water.
6.Fortunately，not
everyone
who
watched
the
film
Jaws
became
afraid
of
sharks—some
became
interested
in
understanding
them.
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Fortunately，after
a
brief
stay
in
hospital，Ben
was
well
enough
to
be
allowed
to
leave
and
later
the
family
met
up
for
dinner.
7.This
was
not
only
due
to
fear
of
sharks，but
also
finning.
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
．．．a
little
girl
whose
mother
was
unable
to
pay
for
her
holiday
due
to
illness.
8.“Sharks
don't
target
humans，”
he
said.
(2019·浙江卷)Woodcutters
targeted
big
trees.
9.This
was
not
only
due
to
fear
of
sharks，but
also
finning.
(2018·浙江卷)You
might
also
begin
to
notice
the
effects
not
only
on
your
health
but
in
your
pocket.
10.Finning
is
a
type
of
fishing
where
sharks
are
caught
and
their
fins
cut
off.
(2016·北京卷)The
town
was
cut
off
from
the
rest
of
the
world
due
to
heavy
snow.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．His
face
was
pale
and
he
looked
scared(scare)
to
death.
2．He
is
seen
as
one
of
the
classical
composers
in
this
century.
3．It's
thrilling
to
see
people
diving(dive)
into
the
sea
from
a
cliff.
4．I
was
late
in
getting
to
the
station.But
fortunately(fortunate)，the
train
was
late，too.
5．Not
only
the
students
but
also
the
teacher
is(be)
tired
of
the
endless
examinations.
6．We
want
to
know
whether
the
drug
has
a
bad
effect
on/upon
people's
health.
7．Targeted(target)
at
improving
the
level
of
English，English
Corner
is
held
once
a
week.
8．Many
species
are
in
danger
of
extinction(extinct)
because
of
the
destruction
of
their
natural
habitat.
9．What
impresses
me
most
is
his
friendly
and
enthusiastic
attitude
towards/to
all
the
customers.
10．When
it
was
his
turn
to
deliver
his
speech，he
walked
towards
the
microphone，nervous
and
embarrassed(embarrass)．
Ⅱ.短语填空
in
fear，be
scared
of，due
to，cut
off，be
based
on，come
across，rather
than，by
mistake
1．Theory
is
based
on
practice
and
in
turn
serves
practice.
2．Sorry，Tom，I
took
your
notebook
instead
of
mine
by
mistake．
3．I
came
across
an
old
school
friend
in
Oxford
Street
this
morning.
4．The
bridge
looked
so
unsafe
that
we
all
hung
back
in
fear．
5．He
got
up
very
early
this
morning，for
he
was
scared
of
being
late.
6．Our
success
was
largely
due
to
the
good
cooperation
of
all
team
members.
7．It
is
those
who
are
willing
to
give
rather
than
to
receive
that
deserve
respecting.
8．When
their
children
lived
far
away
from
them，these
old
people
felt
cut
off
from
the
world.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Since
the
film
Jaws
was
shown
in
1975，people
have
always
been
1.scared(scare)
of
sharks.Many
people
who
saw
the
film
started
to
believe
that
sharks
were
bad
2.animals(animal)
that
ate
humans.Some
people
started
fishing
for
sharks，3.killing(kill)
as
many
as
they
could.At
that
time，nobody
cared
if
sharks
were
killed
or
how
many
sharks
were
killed.People
just
wanted
them
killed.After
1975，4.the
number
of
large
sharks
fell
5.quickly(quick)
around
the
world.This
was
not
only
due
6.to
fear
of
sharks，but
also
finning.Finning
would
have
an
unexpected
effect
upon
Peter
Benchley，the
man
who
wrote
the
book
the
film
Jaws
7.was
based(base)
on.In
1980，Benchley
8.was
diving(dive)
when
he
came
across
an
awful
sight.It
was
an
area
9.where
fishermen
were
finning，and
the
sea
floor
was
covered
with
dead
sharks.He
came
to
see
people
as
a
danger
to
sharks，rather
than
the
other
way
round.From
that
day
on，he
10.fought(fight)
to
protect
sharks.Where
there
is
green，there
is
life.
哪里有绿色，哪里就有生命。
Wildlife
protection
is
to
protect
human
oneself!
保护野生动物就是保护人类自己！
Only
to
obey
nature
in
order
to
overcome
nature.
只有服从自然才能征服自然。
Nature
is
kind
of
a
loving
mother，but
also
a
butcher
in
cold
blood.
大自然是慈爱的母亲，但也是冷血的屠夫。
A
nation's
moral
is
great，can
from
the
animal's
attitude
to
see.
一个国家的道德是否伟大，可以从其对动物的态度看出。
Dreams
—Langston
Hughes
Hold
fast
to
dreams
For
if
dreams
die
Life
is
a
broken?winged
bird
That
can
never
fly.
Hold
fast
to
dreams
For
when
dreams
go
Life
is
a
barren
field
Frozen
only
with
snow.
The
Tibetan
Antelope
The
Tibetan
antelope
is
similar
to
the
Mongolian
gazelle(瞪羚)
in
appearance，but
it
is
much
bigger.A
grown
male
Tibetan
antelope
usually
weighs
35～40
kg
and
female
24～28
kg.The
particularity
of
the
Tibetan
antelope
is
that
there
is
a
little
bag
in
every
nostril(鼻孔)．Its
role
is
to
help
breathe
on
air?thin
highland.Adult
males'
horns
are
usually
50～60
centimeters
in
length，but
females
haven't
any
horns.Antelopes'
lifespan
is
not
very
long.Normally，they
can
only
survive
for
eight
years.They
like
living
in
large
groups
on
plateaus
with
the
altitudes
of
4，300～5，100
meters
and
are
good
at
running.
But
according
to
the
recent
research
and
report，the
Tibetan
antelope
is
becoming
extinct
but
luckily
many
brave
people
full
of
responsibility
have
taken
action
to
join
in
the
protection
of
it.We
also
hope
to
see
the
grand
scene—a
large
number
of
antelopes
running
on
the
plateau
again.
[探索发现]
1．What
is
the
role
of
the
little
bag
in
every
nostril?
2．How
long
can
antelopes
live
on
average?
3．What
do
you
think
we
should
do
to
the
Tibetan
antelopes?
[答案] 1.To
help
breathe
on
air?thin
highland.
2．Eight
years.
3．We
should
take
action
to
protect
them
from
extinction.Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．单词匹配
( )1.shark
A．v.把……作为目标
( )2.dive
B．n.(鲨)鱼
( )3.target
C．v.(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水
[答案] 1－3 BCA
b．短语匹配
( )1.in
fear
A．因为，由于
( )2.be
scared/frightened/afraid
of
B．对……有……影响
( )3.due
to
C．把……看作
( )4.cut
off
D．害怕……
( )5.have
a(n)．．．effect
on
E．害怕地
( )6.be
based
on
F．错误地
( )7.come
across
G．以……为基础
( )8.see．．．as
H．而不是
( )9.rather
than
I．切掉，砍掉
( )10.by
mistake
J．偶遇，偶然发现
[答案] 1－5 EDAIB 6－10 GJCHF
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．scare
v．
使(某人)惊恐，吓唬
2．fortunately
adv.
幸运地
3．extinction
n.
灭绝，绝种
4．attitude
n.
(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的
一般)看法，态度
Ⅰ.语境填词
shark，target，attitude
1．Such
a
positive
attitude
towards
life
can
be
helpful
in
lifting
your
spirits.
2．Only
by
working
hard
can
you
achieve
your
target．
3．Most
people
fail
to
realize
that
shark
attacks
don't
happen
very
often.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The
diver(dive)
went
into
the
deep
water
beyond
the
danger
limit.
2．I
was
scared(scare)to
death.
3．The
boat
sank
quickly
but
fortunately(fortunate)
everyone
was
rescued.
4．In
a
word，we
must
take
some
measures
to
prevent
rare
animals
from
extinction(extinct)．
1．This
is
the
opening
scene
from
the
1975
film
Jaws，showing
a
shark
attack.
这是1975年上映的电影《大白鲨》的开始场景，展示了鲨鱼的攻击。
2．Finning
would
have
an
unexpected
effect
upon
Peter
Benchley，the
man
who
wrote
the
book
the
film
Jaws
was
based
on.
割鳍可能对彼得·本奇利产生了意想不到的影响。此人写了《大白鲨》，电影《大白鲨》就是以该书为蓝本。
3．He
came
to
see
people
as
a
danger
to
sharks，rather
than
the
other
way
round.
他开始认为人类对鲨鱼是一种威胁，而不是鲨鱼对人类是威胁。
4．Experts
have
proved
that
sharks
do
not
see
people
as
food，and
they
attack
us
by
mistake.
专家们已经证明，鲨鱼并不把人当作食物，它们不过是误袭我们。
名师圈点
①shark
n．鲨鱼
②surface
v．升到水面，浮出水面
③in
fear
害怕地
④a
success
一个成功的人或一件成功的事
※success作不可数名词时，意为“成功”
⑤award
n．奖，奖品，奖金
⑥strengthen
v．加强，巩固
⑦scared
v．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬
※be
scared
of
害怕
⑧make
things
worse
使事情更糟糕
⑨frightened
adj.害怕的，受惊的
※be
frightened
of
害怕
⑩stop
doing
sth.停止做某事
?(be)
afraid
of
害怕
?the
number
of
……的数量
※a
number
of
大量的
?due
to
由于，因为
?fin
v．切去(鱼的)鳍
n．鱼鳍
?cut
off
切掉，砍掉
?millions
of
数以百万计的
※hundreds
of
数以百计的
※thousands
of
数以千计的
?have
an
effect
on/upon对……有……影响
?be
based
on
以……为基础
?dive
v．(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水
?come
across
偶遇
be
covered
with
被……覆盖
see．．．as
把……看作
rather
than
而不是
the
other
way
round
相反，反过来
from
that
day
on
从那天起
target
v．把……作为目标
n．目标，靶子，对象
by
mistake
错误地，弄错
fortunately
adv.幸运地
became/be
interested
in
对……感兴趣
extinction
n．灭绝，绝种
原文呈现
SHARKS①：DANGEROUS
OR
ENDANGERED?
We
see
a
woman
swimming[1]
at
night
in
a
dark
sea.Suddenly，she
is
pulled
underwater.She
surfaces②，cries
in
fear③，then
disappears
forever.This
is
the
opening
scene
from
the
1975
film
Jaws，showing
a
shark
attack[2]．It
tells
the
story
of
a
great
white
shark
that
attacks
and
kills
swimmers[3]．Jaws
was
a
great
success④，attracting
huge
audiences
and
winning
many
awards⑤[4]．It
strengthened⑥
people's
long?held
idea
of
the
great
white
shark
as
a
dangerous
animal.
[1]see
a
woman
swimming为感官动词后加现在分词作宾补，意为“看到某人正在做某事”。
[2]showing
a
shark
attack为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰opening
scene。
[3]that
attacks
and
kills
swimmers为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词shark。
[4]attracting
huge
audiences
and
winning
many
awards为两个并列的现在分词短语作定语，修饰success。
People
have
always
been
scared⑦
of
sharks，but
Jaws
made
things
worse⑧.It
made
people
frightened⑨[5]
of
sharks，especially
of
the
great
white
shark.Many
people
who
saw
the
film[6]
started
to
believe
that
sharks
were
bad
animals
that
ate
humans[7]．Some
people
stopped
swimming⑩
in
the
sea，afraid
of?
the
horrible
creature
from
the
film.Other
people
started
fishing
for
sharks，killing
as
many
as
they
could[8]．At
that
time，nobody
cared
if
sharks
were
killed，or
how
many
were
killed.People
just
wanted
them
killed[9]．
[5]made
people
frightened是“make＋宾语＋宾补”的结构。
[6]who
saw
the
film为定语从句修饰先行词people。
[7]that
ate
humans为定语从句修饰先行词animals。
[8]killing
as
many
as
they
could为现在分词短语作结果状语。
[9]wanted
them
killed为动词后加复合宾语，过去分词killed作宾补。
After
1975，the
number
of?
large
sharks
around
America
fell
quickly，and
soon
fell
around
the
world.This
was
not
only
due
to?
fear
of
sharks，but
also
finning?[10]．Finning
is
a
type
of
fishing
where
sharks
are
caught
and
their
fins
cut
off?.[11]
The
sharks
are
thrown
back
into
the
sea
where
they
die
slowly
and
painfully.The
fins
are
used
in
shark
fin
soup.Finning
kills
millions
of?
sharks
a
year.
[10]本句含有not
only．．．but
also．．．意为“不仅……，而且……”，连接两个并列成分。
[11]本句中动名词finning作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；where
sharks
are
caught．．．为定语从句修饰a
type
of
fishing。
Finning
would
have
an
unexpected
effect
upon?
Peter
Benchley，the
man
who
wrote
the
book
the
film
Jaws
was
based
on?.[12]
In
1980，Benchley
was
diving?
when[13]
he
came
across?
an
awful
sight.It
was
an
area
where
fishermen
were
finning，and
the
sea
floor
was
covered
with
dead
sharks[14]．Benchley
saw
sharks
being
killed
and
this
caused
a
deep
change
in
him.He
came
to
see
people
as
a
danger
to
sharks，rather
than
the
other
way
round.From
that
day
on，
he
fought
to
protect
sharks.He
admitted
that
his
book
was
wrong
about
sharks'
behaviour[15]．“Sharks
don't
target
humans，”
he
said.Experts
have
proved
that
sharks
do
not
see
people
as
food，and
they
attack
us
by
mistake[16]．Only
around
six
people
are
killed
by
sharks
every
year.
[12]本句为复合句。the
man与Peter
Benchley为同位语，其后who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the
man，而the
book后为省略关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the
book。
[13]本句句式为be
doing
sth.when．．．，其中when为并列连词。
[14]where
fishermen
were
finning．．．为定语从句修饰先行词area。
[15]that
his
book
was
wrong
about
sharks'
behaviour为that引导的宾语从句作admitted的宾语。
[16]that
sharks
do
not
see
people．．．by
mistake为that引导的宾语从句作have
proved的宾语。
Fortunately，not
everyone
who
watched
the
film
Jaws
became
afraid
of
sharks[17]—some
became
interested
in
understanding
them.Today，as
we
learn
more
about
sharks[18]，more
people
than
ever
want
to
protect
them
from
extinction.
[17]not
everyone表示部分否定；who
watched
the
film
Jaws为定语从句修饰先行词everyone。
[18]as
we
learn
more
about
sharks是as引导的时间状语从句，as表示“随着”。
译文参考
鲨鱼：危险还是濒危？
我们看到一个女人晚上在漆黑的海里游泳。突然，她被拖到了水下。她浮出了水面，恐惧地大哭，然后永远消失了。这是1975年上映的电影《大白鲨》的开始场景，展示了鲨鱼的攻击。它讲述了一条大白鲨袭击并杀死游泳者的故事。《大白鲨》获得了巨大的成功，吸引了大批观众，赢得了许多奖项。它强化了人们长期持有的观念，即大白鲨是一种危险的动物。
虽然人们一直都害怕鲨鱼，但《大白鲨》让事态变得更为严重。它使人们恐惧鲨鱼，尤其是大白鲨。许多看过这部电影的人开始相信鲨鱼是吃人的坏动物。一些人停止在海里游泳，因为害怕遇到电影里描写的这种可怕的动物。其他人开始捕捞鲨鱼，尽可能地捕杀鲨鱼。那时，没有人关心鲨鱼是否被杀死，或者有多少被杀死。人们只是想杀了它们。
1975年以后，美国各地的大鲨鱼数量迅速下降，不久世界各地的大鲨鱼数量也随之下降。这不仅是因为人们对鲨鱼的恐惧，还因为割鳍。割鳍是一种捕鱼方式，在这种捕鱼方式中，鲨鱼被捕获后，它们的鳍被割掉。然后鲨鱼被扔回海里，在那里它们缓慢而痛苦地死去。鱼鳍用于做鱼翅汤。割鳍每年害死数百万条鲨鱼。
割鳍可能对彼得·本奇利产生了意想不到的影响。此人写了《大白鲨》，电影《大白鲨》就是以该书为蓝本。在1980年，本奇利潜水时遇到了一个可怕的景象。这是一个渔民正在割鳍的地方，海底布满了死去的鲨鱼，这使他产生了深刻的变化。他开始认为人类对鲨鱼是一种威胁，而不是鲨鱼对人类是威胁。从那天起，他就开始保护鲨鱼。他承认他的书中关于鲨鱼行为的描述是错误的。“鲨鱼不以人类为攻击的目标，”他说。专家们已经证明，鲨鱼并不把人当作食物，它们不过是误袭我们。每年只有大约六人被鲨鱼咬死。
幸运的是，并不是所有看过电影《大白鲨》的人都害怕鲨鱼——有些人对了解鲨鱼很感兴趣。今天，随着我们对鲨鱼了解得越来越多，越来越多的人想要保护它们免于灭绝。阅读教材P68－69中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What
is
really
green?
A．Paper
shopping
bags
are
better
than
plastic
ones.
B．Remove
the
power
plug
supply，and
it
stops
using
power.
C．Eating
local
food
is
good
for
the
environment.
D．It's
better
to
take
a
shower
than
a
bath.
2．Why
are
people
advised
to
take
a
reusable
bag?
A．Because
plastic
bags
cause
environmental
problems.
B．Because
plastic
bags
are
difficult
to
produce.
C．Because
paper
bags
are
a
danger
to
wild
animals.
D．Because
the
process
of
making
paper
bags
is
more
complicated.
3．What's
connected
with
energy
saving?
A．Eating
local
food.
B．Eating
transport
food.
C．Producing
food
by
ourselves.
D．Using
less
energy
during
food
production.
4．Which
way
of
the
following
is
saving
energy?
A．To
spend
8
minutes
to
have
a
bath.
B．To
take
a
shower
more
than
8
minutes.
C．To
try
to
take
a
bath
instead
of
a
shower.
D．To
keep
your
shower
time
as
short
as
possible.
[答案] 1－4 BADD
Words
and
Phrases
devote
v．致力，献身，倾注
(教材P65) Now，she
is
a
model
and
performance
artist
devoted/devoting
to
ocean
conservation.
现在，她是一名致力于海洋保护的模特和行为艺术家。
[例1] He
is
determined
to
devote
his
life
to
science.
他决心把毕生精力贡献给科学事业。
[例2]
I
want
to
be
a
teacher
very
much
and
devote
myself
to
teaching.
我很想当老师，一生致力于教学工作。
[造句] 你必须专心于工作。
You
must
devote
your
attention
to
your
work.
[知识拓展]
(1)devote
one's
life/
time/
energy
to
(
doing)
sth.
把某人的生命/时间/精力献给……
devote
oneself
to
致力于；献身于；专心于
(2)devoted
adj.
挚爱的；忠实的
be
devoted
to
(doing)
sth.
献身于；专心致志于
(3)devotion
n.
奉献；忠诚
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
always
devotes
his
attention
to
helping(help)
the
homeless
children.
②Devoted(devote)
to
his
research，he
almost
forgot
everything
about
himself.
③We
appreciated
his
devotion(devote)
to
the
project.
[小片段助记]
The
old
scientist
is
devoted
to
studying
space，and
the
spirit
of
devotion
deserves
learning
from.He
said
he
would
go
on
devoting
himself
to
the
science
field.
reserve
n．(野生生物)保护区；贮存
v．保留；贮存；预订
(教材P65) Hello
from
Sanjiangyuan
National
Nature
Reserve(SNNR)．
你好，这里是三江源国家自然保护区。
[例1] A
friend
can
be
a
reserve
of
help
in
times
of
trouble.
朋友可以在困难的时候提供帮助。
[例2] These
seats
are
reserved
for
special
guests.
这些座位是留给贵宾的。
[造句] 为了保护野生动物，应该多建立野生动物保护区。
To
protect
wild
animals，more
wildlife
reserves
should
be
set
up.
[知识拓展]
(1)
without
reserve
毫无保留
keep
sth.in
reserve
保存某物以备用
(2)
reserve
sth.for
sb.
为某人预留某物
reserve
the
right
to
do
sth.
保留做某事的权利
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When
talking
to
a
friend，we
should
be
frank
without
reserve.
②We
always
keep
some
money
in
reserve，just
in
case.
③A
double
room
with
a
balcony
has
been
reserved
for
him.
damage
v．&
n．破损，损害，损伤
(教材P65) In
recent
years，we
have
seen
large
areas
of
wetland
that
were
damaged
by
human
activity.
近年来，我们看到大片湿地被人类活动破坏。
[例1] Many
buildings
and
cars
have
been
damaged
in
the
explosion.
许多大楼和汽车在这次爆炸中受损。
[例2] The
storm
did
a
great
deal
of
damage
to
the
old
houses.
暴风雨给那些旧房屋造成了很大损坏。
[造句] 吸烟会损害你的健康。
Smoking
can
damage
your
health.
[知识拓展]
suffer
damage
遭受损坏
do/cause
damage
to
给……造成损坏
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Many
buildings
and
roads
were
damaged(damage)
badly
when
the
heavy
snow
struck
that
city.
②The
earthquake
broke
at
midnight，causing
great
damage
to
the
city.
[名师点津]
damage指部分性“损坏，破坏”，一般可以修复；而destroy指彻底地“毁坏，破坏”，一般不能或很难再修复。
(教材P65) We've
also
seen
droughts
and
floods
caused
by
these
changes，which
affect
the
water
supply
downstream.
我们还看到了由这些变化引起的干旱和洪水，这些变化影响了下游的供水。
(1)flood
n．洪水，水灾；大量 v．淹没；泛滥；(感觉或回忆)涌上心头
[例1] A
business
needs
insurance
against
risks
such
as
fire
and
flood.
公司需要上保险以防备火灾、洪灾等风险。
[例2] The
ground
floor
of
the
house
was
flooded.
房子的底层被淹了。
[造句] 水坝不太坚固，挡不住洪水。
The
dam
was
not
strong
enough
to
hold
back
the
flood.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
in
flood
(河水)上涨，泛滥
a
flood
of
大量的
(2)flooded
areas
水灾地区
flood
in/into
大量涌入
flood
back
(感觉或回忆)涌上心头
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
charity
received
a
flood
of
thankful
telegrams
and
letters.
②Large
quantities
of
food
are
needed
in
the
flooded(flood)
areas
now.
③Applications
flooded
in
after
we
advertised
it
on
the
newspaper.
④Seeing
what
the
homeless
were
experiencing，memories
of
her
childhood
flooded
back．
(2)affect
v．影响；打动；(疾病)侵袭
[例1] An
unhappy
home
environment
can
affect
a
child's
behaviour.
不愉快的家庭环境能影响儿童的行为。
[例2] We
were
all
deeply
affected
by
the
news
of
her
death.
她去世的消息使我们都深感悲痛。
[造句] 众所周知，吸烟影响我们的健康。
It
is
well
known
that
smoking
affects
our
health.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
affected
by
被……侵袭；被……感动
be
affected
with
a
high
fever
发高烧
(2)effect
n.
作用；影响；结果
in
effect
事实上
have
an
effect
on
对……有影响
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Affected(affect)
by
the
rise
of
house
prices，people
in
big
cities
live
under
great
pressure.
②He
didn't
attend
the
conference
because
he
was
affected
with
a
high
fever.
③Favorable
policies
are
in
effect
to
encourage
employees'
professional
development.
adopt
v．采取(某种方法)；收养
(教材P65) This
includes
keeping
the
original
environment
from
being
touched，as
well
as
adopting
new，sustainable
ways
of
feeding
farm
animals.
这包括保持原始环境不被触及，以及采用新的、可持续性的方式喂养农场动物。
[例1] Our
school
has
adopted
a
new
teaching
method.
我们学校采用了一种新的教学方法。
[例2] They
had
no
children
of
their
own，so
they
adopted
a
neighbor's
girl.
他们自己无儿女，所以收养了一个邻居家的女孩。
[造句] 三个队采用了不同的方式来解决这个问题。
The
three
teams
adopted
different
ways
to
solve
the
problem.
[知识拓展]
(1)adopt
an
idea/a
plan
采纳意见/计划
adopt
a
positive
attitude
采取积极的态度
(2)adopted
adj.
领养的
adoption
n.
采用；收养
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She
treated
her
adopted(adopt)
son
as
if
he
were
her
own
child.
②If
you
can
not
have
children
of
your
own，why
not
consider
adoption(adopt)?
③Paul's
mother
had
him
adopted(adopt)because
she
couldn't
look
after
him.
[名师点津] adapt与adopt词形相近，但adapt意为“适应；改编”。
reduce
v．减少，降低
(教材P66) Reduce
waste
by
choosing
reusable
products．．．
通过选择可重复使用的产品来减少浪费……
[例1] Everyone
should
try
to
reduce
the
amount
of
salt
in
our
diet.
大家都应该在饮食中减少盐的摄入量。
[例2] One
of
the
most
effective
ways
to
reduce
stress
is
to
talk
about
feelings
with
someone
you
trust.
减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。
[造句] 现在有这台电脑帮忙，我们就能降低生产成本了。
Now
we
can
reduce
the
production
costs
with
the
help
of
the
computer.
[知识拓展]
reduce．．．to．．．
把……减少到……
reduce．．．by．．．
把……减少了……
be
reduced
to
(doing)
sth.
沦落到……地步
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Though
the
price
of
the
house
has
been
reduced
by
10%，we
can't
afford
it
either.
②They
were
reduced
to
begging(beg)
for
their
living.
③To
improve
the
air
quality，the
use
of
private
cars
should
be
reduced(reduce)．
permission
n．允许，许可
(教材P67) A
polite
interruption
is
usually
framed
as
a
request
for
permission
to
interrupt
someone，often
starting
with
If．．．，May
I．．．?
礼貌的打断通常被理解为请求允许打断某人，通常以If．．．，May
I．．．？开始。
[例1] You
must
ask
for
permission
before
taking
any
photos
inside
the
hall.
必须申请批准方可在大厅内拍照。
[例2] We've
got
permission
to
go
inside
the
old
building.
我们已获准进入那栋老建筑物。
[造句] 他请求经理准许他请假一天。
He
asked
the
manager's
permission
to
take
a
day
off.
[知识拓展]
(1)ask
for
permission
请求许可
without
permission
未经许可
(2)permit
v.
许可，允许
n.
执照；许可证
permit
doing
sth.
允许做某事
permit
sb.to
do
sth.
允许某人做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's
illegal
to
read
people's
private
letters
without
permission.
②We
do
not
permit
smoking(smoke)in
the
office.
③Passengers
are
permitted
to
carry(carry)
only
one
piece
of
hand
luggage
onto
the
plane.
break
down
分解；(机器等)出故障；(身体、精神等)垮掉；(谈判等)失败；拆除
(教材P68) It
takes
hundreds
of
years
for
plastic
to
break
down，but
much
less
time
for
paper.
塑料需要几百年才能分解，而纸分解的时间则要短得多。
[例1] You
will
break
down
sooner
or
later
if
you
go
on
working
like
that.
如果你继续像那样工作的话，迟早会累垮的。
[例2] Talks
with
business
leaders
broke
down
last
night.
昨晚与商业首脑的会谈失败了。
[造句] 我们的车在去公司的路上坏了。
Our
car
broke
down
on
the
way
to
the
company.
[知识拓展]
break
up
解散；结束；拆散
break
in
强行进入；打断(谈话)，插嘴
break
into
闯入，破门而入
break
out
爆发，突然发生
break
through
突破；克服，战胜
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When
he
got
home，he
found
his
house
broken
into．
②Daddy
would
occasionally
break
in
with
a
suggestion.
③Scientists
say
they
are
beginning
to
break
through
in
the
fight
against
cancer.
[小片段助记]
Their
car
broke
down
on
the
way
to
the
cinema，so
a
quarrel
broke
out
and
at
last
the
lovers
broke
up.
amount
n．数量，数额 v．总计；达到
(教材P68) However，making
a
paper
bag
uses
four
times
as
much
energy
as
making
a
plastic
bag
and
up
to
three
times
the
amount
of
water.
然而，生产一个纸袋所消耗的能量是生产一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量是(生产)塑料袋的三倍。
[例1] Any
amount，great
or
small，will
be
appreciated.数量不论多少都将受到欢迎。
[例2] The
loss
from
the
flood
amounts
to
ten
million
dollars.
水灾的损失共达1
000万美元。
[造句] 他每天有大量的信件要回复。
He
has
a
large
amount
of
mails
to
answer
every
day.
[知识拓展]
(1)a
large/small
amount
of
大/少量的(跟名词作主语时，谓语动
词用单数)
large/small
amounts
of
大/少量的(跟名词作主语时，谓语动
词用复数)
(2)amount
to
达到；等于；总共；共计
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Large
amounts
of
money
are
wasted(waste)
on
useless
things
every
year.
②A
large
amount
of
money
has
been
spent(spend)
building
more
kindergartens
so
far
this
year.
③You'll
never
amount
to
anything
if
you
spend
your
time
that
way!
take．．．into
account
把……考虑进去
(教材P69) In
some
cases，local
produce
might
have
used
more
energy
and
produced
more
greenhouse
gases
than
produce
grown
a
long
way
away
—even
taking
into
account
its
transport.
在某些情况下，当地的农产品消耗的能源和产生的温室气体也可能比生长在很远的地方的农产品多——甚至考虑到它的运输。
[例1] When
it
comes
to
developing
our
economy，we
must
take
environmental
protection
into
account.
当谈到发展我们的经济时，我们必须要考虑环保。
[例2] When
judging
his
performance，don't
take
his
age
into
account.
评价他的表演时，不要把他的年龄考虑在内。
[造句] 我衷心希望你能考虑我的建议。
I
sincerely
hope
that
you
will
take
my
suggestions
into
account.
[知识拓展]
(1)take
account
of
＝
take．．．into
account
把……考虑在内
give
an
account
of
对……进行描述
on
account
of
因为，由于
on
no
account
决不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)
(2)account
for
解释，说明；(数量/比例上)占据
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She
gave
an
exciting
account
of
the
football
match.
②We
had
to
put
off
the
sports
meet
on
account
of
the
bad
weather.
③The
poor
weather
may
have
accounted
for
the
increase
in
the
number
of
people
who
cough
day
and
night.
[小片段助记]
On
no
account
will
the
head
teacher
take
account
of
your
excuse
because
even
you
can't
account
for
your
absence
clearly.
urge
v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促
n．冲动；强烈的愿望
(教材P71)It
urges
people
to
save
food
by
not
wasting
anything
on
the
dining
table.
它敦促人们节约食物，不要在餐桌上浪费任何东西。
[例1] Our
teacher
urged
us
to
do
more
exercise
after
class.
我们的老师强烈要求我们课后多锻炼。
[例2] I
never
felt
an
urge
to
learn
any
sign
language
before.
我以前从未感觉到学习手势语的强烈愿望。
[造句] 随着高考的临近，我们的老师敦促我们要努力学习。
Our
teacher
urged
us
to
study
hard
with
the
College
Entrance
Examination
drawing
near.
[知识拓展]
(1)urge
sb.to
do
sth./into
doing
sth.
力劝/敦促某人做某事
urge
that．．．
强烈要求；极力主张[从句谓语动词
用(should＋)动词原形]
urge
(sb.)
on
力劝；强调；强烈要求
(2)urgent
adj.
紧急的；迫切的
in
urgent
need
of
急需
(3)urgently
adv.
紧急地；迫切地
urgency
n.
紧急；紧急情况
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Parents
should
actively
urge
their
children
to
take(take)
advantage
of
the
opportunity
to
join
sports
teams.
②The
people
in
the
earthquake?stricken
area
are
in
urgent(urge)
need
of
food，medicine
and
shelters.
③It's
of
great
urgency(urge)
that
we
need
to
make
the
relevant
laws
with
the
rapid
growth
of
online
shopping.
[小片段助记]
The
teacher
urged
that
the
students
(should)
be
taught
how
to
take
urgent
action
in
urgency.
concerned
adj.焦急的，担忧的；关心的；有关的
(教材P71)We
are
concerned
that．．．
我们担心……
[例1] I
can't
help
but
feel
very
concerned.
我禁不住感到很担心。
[例2] Now
an
increasing
number
of
people
are
concerned
about
the
environmental
protection.
现在越来越多的人关注环境保护。
[造句] 我很担心我们可能无法按时完成此事。
I'm
very
concerned
that
we
may
not
finish
this
on
time.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
concerned
about/for
关心；挂念
be
concerned
with/in
与……有关；参与；牵扯到
as
far
as．．．be
concerned
就……而言
(2)concern
n．&
v.
关心；担心
show/express
concern
about/for
对……表示关心/担心
(3)concerning
prep.
关于
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Everyone
concerned(concern)
in
the
incident
was
questioned
by
the
police.
②However，I
think
we
should
show
more
concern
for/about
our
friends.
③I
am
writing
to
see
if
it
is
possible
for
you
to
provide
me
with
information
concerning(concern)
the
club.
[名师点津] concerned用作形容词时，意为“关心的；担心的”，作前置定语；表示“相关的，有关的”，作后置定语。
contribute
v．促成，造成(某事发生)；捐献；贡献；投稿
(教材P72) Look
at
the
three
items
that
contribute
to
a
carbon
footprint.
看看造成碳足迹的三个因素。
[例1] Eating
too
much
fat
can
contribute
to
heart
disease
and
cause
high
blood
pressure.
吃太多脂肪会引起心脏病和高血压。
[例2] He
contributed
a
large
sum
of
money
to
the
flood
victims.
他捐出一大笔钱给受水灾的灾民。
[造句] 老师告诉我们锻炼有助于健康。
Our
teacher
tells
us
that
exercise
contributes
to
good
health.
[知识拓展]
(1)contribute
to
促成；导致
contribute．．．to．．．
向……捐献；向……投稿
(2)contribution
n.
贡献；捐献；稿件
make
a
contribution/contributions
to
对……做出贡献；向……捐款
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
famous
writer
is
one
of
the
several
authors
contributing(contribute)
to
the
book.
②Your
suggestion
has
greatly
contributed
to
the
accomplishment
of
our
work.
③Only
in
this
way
can
we
make
a
great
contribution(contribute)to
our
family
and
our
society.
[小片段助记]
Many
people
contributed
money
to
the
poor
boy，which
contributed
to
his
returning
to
school.A
writer
wrote
a
story
about
this
and
contributed
it
to
a
press.
average
adj.平均(数)的；普通的，一般的 n．平均；平均数；平均水平 v．平均为，平均达到
(教材P72)The
average
score
of
our
group
is．．．
我们组的平均成绩是……
[例1] The
average
time
Chinese
people
spend
online
is
17
hours
per
week.
中国人平均花在网上的时间是每周17个小时。
[例2] To
their
joy，their
son's
schoolwork
is
well
above
average.
使他们高兴的是，他们儿子的学习成绩远远高于平均水平。
[造句] 这个工厂工人平均每月的工资是多少？
What's
the
workers'
average
income
a
month
in
this
factory?
[知识拓展]
an
average
of
平均
with
the/an
average
of
平均为
on
(the/an)
average
平均起来；在一般情况下
above/below
(the)
average
高于/低于平均数
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's
a
small
shop，with
an
average
of
about
500
customers
a
week.
②On
average，how
much
time
do
you
spend
on
sports
activities
each
week?
③
He
was
a
good
student
and
scored
above
average
in
most
subjects.
Sentence
Pattern
倍数表达法
(教材P68) However，making
a
paper
bag
uses
four
times
as
much
energy
as
making
a
plastic
bag
and
up
to
three
times
the
amount
of
water.
然而，生产一个纸袋所消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量是(生产)塑料袋的三倍。
句式分析：four
times
as
much
energy
as是倍数表达法，其句型为“倍数＋as
much/many＋n.＋as”。
[例1] Our
company
has
published
twice
as
many
books
as
we
did
last
year.
我们公司出版的书是去年的两倍。
[例2] Peter's
jacket
looked
just
the
same
as
Jack's，but
it
cost
twice
as
much
as
his.
彼得的上衣看上去和杰克的一样，但价钱却是他上衣的两倍。
[造句] 他拥有的书的数量是他妹妹的三倍。
He
has
got
three
times
as
many
books
as
his
younger
sister.
[知识拓展]
常见的倍数句型：
(1)．．．倍数＋as＋adj./adv.的原级＋as．．．
(2)．．．倍数＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than．．．
(3)．．．倍数＋the＋性质名词(size/length/width/height/depth．．．)
＋of．．．
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This
hill
is
four
times
the
height(high)
of
that
small
one.
②The
old
railway
is
three
times
the
length(long)
of
the
new
high?speed
railway.
③
It's
said
that
the
power
plant
is
now
twice
as
large
as
what
it
was.
[名师点津] 表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。句子中表示倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语。
推理判断题之写作意图/目的
任何人写文章都有意图或目的，高考阅读理解时常会就这一问题进行命题，主要考查考生对英语文本的整体感知或理解的能力，做此类题的关键是要了解文章的体裁和题材，把握住文章的主题思想。
[例题剖析]
The
things
we
learn
in
maturity
seldom
involve
information
and
skills.We
learn
to
bear
with
the
things
we
can't
change.
We
learn
to
avoid
self?pity.
We
learn
that
however
much
we
try
to
please,
some
people
are
never
going
to
love
us—an
idea
that
troubles
at
first
but
is
eventually
relaxing.
●What
does
the
author
intend
to
tell
us
in
the
paragraph?
A．A
tough
man
can
tolerate
suffering.
B．A
wise
man
can
live
without
self?pity.
C．A
man
should
try
to
satisfy
people
around
him.
D．A
man
should
learn
suitable
ways
to
deal
with
life.
D [考查推理判断题之写作意图/目的。作者在文中告诉我们要学会忍受我们不能改变的事物，要学会避免自怜，要知道不管我们怎么表现，总有人不喜欢我们等待，由此可知作者在本段中主要是告诉我们要用合适的方法去对待生活。故选D项。]
[即学即练]
The
eight?part
series(系列节目)，Save
Money：Good
Food，follows
in
the
footsteps
of
ITV's
Save
Money：Good
Health，which
gave
viewers
advice
on
how
to
get
value
from
the
vast
range
of
health
products
on
the
market.
●What
does
the
author
intend
to
do
in
the
paragraph?
A．Summarize
the
previous
paragraphs.
B．Provide
some
advice
for
the
readers.
C．Add
some
background
information.
D．Introduce
a
new
topic
for
discussion.
C [本段介绍了与Save
Money：Good
Food这个电视节目相关的节目Save
Money：Good
Health的情况，旨在提供一些背景信息。]写倡议书
本单元写作任务要求写一份倡议书。倡议书具有宣传、教育和鼓舞等作用，因此要具有感染力。时态应以一般现在时为主，人称以第一或第二人称为主。
[基本框架]
1．开头：介绍倡议书的背景和目的；
2．主体：倡议的具体内容和要求；
3．结尾：表明倡议者的决心、希望或建议。
[常用词块]
1．give
rise
to
the
traffic
problems
引起交通问题
2．live
up
to
my
parents'
expectations
不辜负父母的期望
3．pass
our
love
and
friendship
to
others
把我们的友谊和爱传递给别人
4．take
some
measures
to
protect
rare
animals
采取措施保护稀有动物
5．use
public
transport
as
much
as
possible
尽可能多使用公共交通
6．make
a
contribution
to
protecting
the
environment
为保护环境做贡献
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
As
is
known
to
us
all，time
and
tide
wait
for
no
man.
我们大家都知道，时间不等人。
I'm
writing
to
call
on
everyone
to
take
physical
exercise
regularly.
我写信呼吁大家经常进行体育锻炼。
It
is
well
known
that
the
global
water
shortage
is
becoming
increasingly
severe
due
to
global
warming.
众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。
★正文佳句
I
make
an
urgent
appeal
that
measures
should
be
taken
to
cope
with
the
situation.
我急切呼吁采取措施应对现状。
As
far
as
I'm
concerned，it
would
be
wise
to
take
the
following
action.
以我看来，采取如下行动是明智的。
Many
trees
are
being
cut
down
and
more
and
more
forests
are
lost，making
animals
lose
their
homes.
许多树木被砍伐，越来越多的森林在消失，这使得动物们失去了它们的家园。
★余味结尾
It's
high
time
we
protected
our
environment
from
being
polluted.
确实到了我们保护环境免遭污染的时候了。
Only
in
these
ways
can
we
definitely
make
our
school
a
nicer
place.
只有以这些方式我们才会让我们的校园更加美好。
Dear
friends，if
we
take
action
now，we
can
make
a
big
difference
to
the
world.
亲爱的朋友们，如果我们现在行动起来，就能对这个世界产生重大影响。
假定你是李华，针对你市雾霾频发的现象，你校学生会决定由你代表学生会向全校师生发出倡议：绿色出行，骑自行车上学。请根据下面的要点写一篇倡议书。内容包括：
1．保护环境的重要性；
2．列举骑车上学的好处；
3．向同学们发出呼吁。
注意：词数80左右。
【参考范文】
Dear
fellow
students，
As
the
hazy
weather
frequently
hits
our
city，now
we
are
appealing
to
you
to
ride
to
school
as
a
way
to
fight
against
the
air
pollution.
There
are
many
benefits
of
doing
so.For
one
thing，it
is
environmentally
friendly.For
another，we
can
build
up
our
body.More
importantly，we
can
relieve
the
traffic
pressure
near
our
school.
It
is
everyone's
responsibility
to
protect
the
environment.If
we
can
change
our
way
of
life，we
can
make
a
great
difference
to
the
earth.Let's
take
action
from
now
on!
Students'
Union
1/3
