人物传记
人物传记类文章属于记叙文的写作范畴，一般都是对被写的人的基本情况(如年龄、出生地、家庭背景、所受教育等)作简单的概述，然后在叙述其事迹或者在某个领域中所做出的的贡献，最后在对其进行评价。写作时，要做到主题鲜明，内容清晰，并注意结构的完整性。
[基本框架]
1．开头(beginning)——简要介绍某个人物及其成就；
2．主体(body)——按照时间或者成就顺序描写该人物；
3．结尾(ending)——你对该人物及其成就的评价。
[常用词块]
1．be
born
in
a
common
family
出生在一个普通家庭
2．in
his
twenties
在他二十几岁的时候
3．graduate
from
college
从大学毕业
4．spare
no
effort
in
finding
out
the
truth
不遗余力地发现真相
5．make
a
great
achievement
in
sports
在运动方面取得很大成就
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．Brought
up
by
his
grandparents，Jack
showed
a
strong
interest
in
plants
and
insects.
杰克由祖父母养大，从小就对植物和昆虫产生了浓厚的兴趣。
2．Whenever
you
turn
on
a
light，listen
to
the
CD，or
watch
TV
you
are
enjoying
one
of
the
discoveries
of
Thomas
Alva
Edison.
无论何时，你打开灯、听听音乐或者看看电视，你正在享受托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生的其中一项发明。
3．Li
Yan，an
engineer，was
born
on
February，1965
in
Beijing，China.
李岩是一名工程师，1965年2月出生于中国北京。
★丰满主体
1．As
a
little
girl，she
began
to
show
a
gift
in
playing
piano.
小时候，她就开始展现演奏钢琴方面的天赋。
2．In
order
to
develop
trade
and
friendship
between
China
and
other
countries，he
spent
28
years
on
the
ocean
journeys
and
went
to
more
than
thirty
countries.
为了发展中国和其他国家的贸易和友谊，他花了28年的时间在海上航行，去过三十多个国家。
3．Qi
Baishi's
interest
changed
later
to
simple
things
from
everyday
life，such
as
vegetables，flowers，birds
and
insects.
齐白石的兴趣后来转向日常生活中的简单的东西，如蔬菜、花鸟和昆虫。
★余味结尾
1．He
set
a
good
example
for
us
to
follow
in
achieving
our
ambition.
在实现抱负上他为我们树立了很好的榜样。
2．She
is
honored
as
one
of
the
greatest
writers
in
Chinese
literature.
她被誉为中国文学界最伟大的作家之一。
3．His
achievements
in
space
exploration
are
spoken
highly
of
in
China
even
the
whole
world.
他在太空探索方面的成就在中国乃至全世界都受到高度评价。
假设你是高中生李华。你们学校的校报英文版正在举行以“我最喜爱的作家”为主题的征文比赛。请你写一篇短文介绍你最喜欢的小说家简·奥斯汀(Jane
Austen)并向校报投稿。写作内容如下：
姓名
简·奥斯汀(Jane
Austen)
出生于
十八世纪末
国籍
英国
受教育于
父亲、兄长以及书籍阅读
代表作
《傲慢与偏见》(Pride
and
Prejudice)
作品中女性的特点
独立、聪明、勇敢
注意：1.词数：80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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[参考范文]
Among
the
writers
at
home
and
abroad，Jane
Austen
remains
the
most
beloved
writer
of
mine.
Born
in
the
late
18th
century，Jane
Austen
was
a
well?known
English
novelist
whose
works
earned
her
a
place
as
one
of
the
most
widely
read
writers
in
English
literature.She
was
educated
primarily
by
her
father
and
older
brothers
as
well
as
through
her
own
reading.The
heroines
in
her
books
are
all
fearless，intelligent
and
independent.No
matter
how
difficult
it
is
for
their
dreams
to
come
true，they
always
act
with
courage
and
determination.These
are
the
characteristics
that
I
really
admire，which
is
why
Austen's
books
are
so
appealing
to
me.
Among
all
her
published
books，I
like
Pride
and
Prejudice
best.I
aim
to
be
a
woman
like
Elizabeth
Bennet.
1/3Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.shortage
A．n.真实，现实
( )2.internal
B．n.基金会
( )3.recycle
C．n.顿悟，猛醒
( )4.foundation
D．adj.内部的
( )5.insight
E．n.喷水池
( )6.reality
F．n.短缺，不足，缺乏
( )7.fountain
G．v.再利用，回收利用
[答案] 1－5 FDGBC 6－7 AE
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.under
control
A．有影响
( )2.benefit
from
B．得以控制
( )3.be
determined
to
C．设立，成立，建立
( )4.give
up
D．公开宣布；把秘密公开
( )5.break
into
a
smile
E．从……中获益
( )6.make
a
difference
F．放弃；戒掉
( )7.set
up
G．下决心做
( )8.go
public
H．突然笑起来
[答案] 1－5 BEGFH 6－8 ACD
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．contribution
n．
贡献
2．relief
n.
减轻，缓解
3．effective
adj.
有效的，产生预期效果的
4．fund
v.
为……提供资金，资助
5．earn
v.
挣(钱)
6．donate
v.
捐赠，捐献
Ⅰ.选词填空
reality；donate；shortage；insight；fund；foundation；effective；relief；fountain；internal
1．His
timely
money
really
funded
me
to
pay
for
the
car.
2．The
drinking
fountain
in
our
school
is
built
up
for
our
health.
3．The
foundation
set
up
last
month
is
really
beneficial
for
the
local
people.
4．Every
time
I
talk
to
her，she
surprises
me
with
her
insight.
5．The
medicine
is
not
for
internal
use.
6．The
freshwater
shortage
in
this
area
should
be
paid
more
attention
to.
7．Much
to
my
relief
you
arrived
at
home
safe
and
sound.
8．The
new
medicine
is
effective
in
controlling
the
bad
disease.
9．Many
people
came
to
donate
money
to
the
earthquake?stricken
area.
10．If
you
want
to
make
your
dream
a
reality，you'd
better
start
now.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The
signing
of
such
a
treaty
would
be
a
major
contribution(contribute)
to
world
peace.
2．Shortage(short)
is
a
situation
when
there
is
not
enough
of
the
people
or
things
that
are
needed.
3．Aspirin
is
a
simple
but
highly
effective(effect)
treatment.
4．They
are
going
to
build
a
recycling(recycle)
plant
in
the
town.
5．In
Japan
the
husband
tends
to
be
the
earner(earn)
of
a
family.
6．Donation(donate)
is
something
given
to
a
person
or
a
charity
in
order
to
help
them.
7．The
money
will
go
to
the
San
Francisco
AIDS
Foundation(found)．
8．The
reality(real)
is
that
there
is
not
enough
money
to
pay
for
this
project.
1．He
looked
across
the
classroom
at
the
drinking
fountain.
他望着教室那头的饮水机。
2．Seventy
dollars
was
only
enough
for
a
hand
pump.
70美元只够买一个手压泵。
3．At
the
same
time，a
friend
of
Ryan's
mother
helped
make
his
story
go
public.
与此同时，瑞恩母亲的一位朋友帮助将他的事迹公布于众。
课文助读
①six?year?old
六岁的
作表语时用six
years
old
②have
trouble
believing很难相信，句式：have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.做某事有困难
③spoken
by
his
teacher
过去分词短语作定语，修饰the
words
④that引导同位语从句，解释说明前面的words的内容。此时的that在从句不作任何句子成分，只起连接词的作用
⑤developing
adj.发展中的；developed
adj.发达的
⑥look
across...at
sth.望着……那头的某物，across
prep.穿过；横穿，横过；fountain
n．喷水池，冷饮柜
⑦have
to
不得不
⑧so...that
如此……以至于……；so后面接形容词或者副词，that引导结果状语从句
⑨make
them
sick
使他们生病
sick
adj.生病的，患病的，此处作宾语补足语
⑩but
hard
for
those
people中but是并列连词，hard
for
those
people是省略句，省略掉了life
is
?at
first
起初；首先
?to
earn
money
to
build
a
single
well
第一个不定式to
earn
money作表语，解释说明主语；earn
v．挣(钱)
第二个不定式to
build
a
single
well
作目的状语
?reach
his
first
target
达到他的第一个目标
target
n．目标；靶子
?was
told是一般过去时的被动语态
?what
they
needed
他们所需要的东西。what
引导主语从句，在从句中作need的宾语
?dug
near
their
homes过去分词短语作定语，修饰前面的a
well。dig(dug，dug)v.挖掘
?give
up
放弃；戒掉
?be
determined
to
下决心做……
?start
to
do
开始做……
?ask
for
help
from
从……寻求帮助
persuade
sb.to
说服某人去做……
at
the
same
time与此同时
go
public宣扬出去；公布于众
with
which为介词＋which引导非限制性的定语从句，which代指前面的$2，000
no
longer
不再
for
hours
几个小时
be
grateful
to
sb.对某人感激
invite
sb.to
do邀请某人做某事
at
last
最终；终于
the
finished
well完工的水井 finished是动词finish的过去分词，此处作定语修饰well
with
one's
own
eyes亲眼
hundreds
of几百个；数百个
delighted
adj.感到高兴的delightful
adj.使人高兴的
turn
out
出席(某项活动)；在场
offer
v．提供；给予
warmth
n．温暖
make
a
difference有影响；起(重要)作用
break
into
a
smile
突然笑起来
lead
sb.to
do
引导某人做某事
led是lead的过去式
set
up
建立
foundation
n．基金会
encourage
sb.to
do
sth.鼓励某人做某事
inspired
adj.受……激励的；受……影响的
continue
to
do
sth.继续做某事
more
and
more
people
越来越多的人
more是many的比较级
go
on
继续下去
have
benefited
from该句是现在完成时态
benefit
from
从……中获益
to
ask
不定式作定语修饰前面的the
question
not...but...不是……而是……
insight
n．顿悟，猛醒
determined
adj.坚定的，有决心的
who
引导定语从句，修饰前面的boy
perseverance
n．不屈不挠，坚持不懈
make
his
dream
a
reality使他的梦想成为现实，a
reality作宾语补足语
课文呈现
The
Well
that
Changed
the
World
1．As
a
six?year?old①
Canadian
schoolboy，Ryan
had
trouble
believing②
the
words
spoken
by
his
teacher③
that④
many
people
in
developing⑤
African
countries
couldn't
get
enough
clean
water.He
looked
across
the
classroom
at
the
drinking
fountain⑥.It
was
very
close—only
ten
steps
away.So，Ryan
asked
himself，“Why
do
some
African
children
have
to⑦
walk
ten
kilometres
to
get
water
every
day?
And
why
is
the
water
so
dirty
that⑧
it
makes
them
sick⑨？”
Young
Ryan
thought，“
Life
is
easy
for
me，but
hard
for
those
people⑩.Why
don't
I
help？”
2．At
first?，his
plan
was
to
earn
money
to
build
a
single
well?
somewhere
in
Africa.He
cleaned
windows
and
did
gardening
for
his
family
and
neighbours.He
soon
reached
his
first
target?
of
$70，but
when
he
gave
the
money
to
a
charity，he
was
told?
that
it
actually
cost
$2，000
to
build
a
well.Seventy
dollars
was
only
enough
for
a
hand
pump.Ryan
understood
that
a
hand
pump
wouldn't
help
the
children.What
they
needed?
was
a
well
dug
near
their
homes?.
3．Two
thousand
dollars
was
a
lot
of
money，but
Ryan
didn't
give
up?.He
was
determined
to?
help
other
children
have
clean
water.He
started
to?
ask
for
help
from?
his
classmates
and
neighbours
and
persuaded
them
to
donate
money.At
the
same
time，
a
friend
of
Ryan's
mother
helped
make
his
story
go
public.After
several
months，Ryan
had
raised
the
$2，000，with
which
a
well
was
built
near
a
primary
school
in
Uganda.The
children
at
the
school
no
longer
needed
to
walk
for
hours
to
get
water.They
were
grateful
to
him
and
invited
him
to
visit.
4．In
Uganda，Ryan
at
last
saw
the
finished
well
with
his
own
eyes.But
that
was
not
all.He
also
saw
hundreds
of
delighted
students
who
had
turned
out
to
welcome
him.They
sang
and
danced
happily.Some
even
offered
him
food
and
gifts.At
first
Ryan
was
nervous，but
soon
a
great
warmth
filled
him.He
really
had
made
a
difference
for
these
children.He
broke
into
a
joyful
smile.
5．Later，Ryan's
experience
led
him
to
set
up
a
foundation
to
encourage
more
people
to
help.Many
inspired
people
gave
him
their
support.Ryan's
foundation
continues
to
attract
support
from
more
and
more
people，so
the
work
of
building
more
wells
can
go
on.Today，over
800，000
people
in
16
countries
across
Africa
have
benefited
from
the
life?changing
gift
of
clean，safe
water.
6．Now，as
an
adult，Ryan
says
that
the
question
to
ask
is
not“
Why
don't
I
help？”，but“How
can
I
help
today？”．This
insight
grew
from
the
determined
attitude
of
a
six?year?old
boy
who
had
the
courage
and
perseverance
to
make
his
dream
a
reality.
译文参考
改变世界的一口井
1．当瑞恩还是一个6岁的加拿大小学生时，他很难相信他的老师所说的非洲发展中国家的许多人得不到足够的清洁水的话。他望着教室那头的饮水机。它离得很近，只有十步远。于是，瑞恩问自己：“为什么非洲的孩子每天要走10公里的路去取水？为什么水如此脏以致于使他们生病？”小瑞恩心想：“生活对我来说容易，但对那些人来说就难了。我为什么不帮忙呢？”
2．起初，他的计划是赚些钱在非洲某个地方打一口井。他为家人和邻居擦窗户和做园艺。他很快就实现了第一个70美元的目标，但当他把钱捐给慈善机构时，他被告知打一口井实际上需要2
000美元。70美元只够买一个手压泵。瑞恩明白手压泵帮不了孩子们。他们需要的是在他们家附近打一口井。
3．二千美元是一大笔钱，但瑞恩没有放弃。他决心帮助其他孩子喝到干净的水。他开始向同学和邻居求助，并说服他们捐款。与此同时，瑞恩母亲的一位朋友帮助将他的事迹公布于众。几个月后，瑞恩筹集到了2
000美元，用这笔钱在乌干达一所小学附近打了一口井。学校里的孩子们不再需要走几个小时去取水了。他们很感激他，并邀请他去参观。
4．在乌干达，瑞恩终于亲眼看到了完工的水井。但这还不是全部。他还看到数百名兴高采烈的学生出来欢迎他。他们高兴地唱歌跳舞。有些人甚至给他食物和礼物。起初瑞恩很紧张，但很快他就感到一阵温暖。他真的改变了这些孩子。他突然开心地笑了起来。
5．后来，瑞恩的经历使他建立了一个基金会，鼓励更多的人来帮助他。许多受到鼓舞的人给了他支持。瑞恩的基金会继续吸引越来越多的人的支持，所以建造更多水井的工作可以继续下去。今天，非洲16个国家的80多万人受益于清洁、安全的水这一改变人生的礼物。
6．现在，作为一个成年人，瑞恩说，你要问的问题并不是“为什么我不能帮你？”，而是“我今天能帮什么忙？”这个顿悟来自于一个六岁男孩坚定的态度，他有勇气和毅力使他的梦想成为现实。
1/7If
you
can't
feed
a
hundred
people，then
feed
just
one.
—Mother
Teresa
如果你不能养活一百个人，那就只能养活一个人。
——特蕾莎修女
The
greatest
good
you
can
do
for
another
is
not
just
to
share
your
riches
but
to
reveal
to
him
his
own.
—Benjamin
Disraeli
你能为他人做的最大的善事，不只是分享你的财富，而是向他展示他自己的财富。
——本杰明·迪斯雷利
If
you
have
time
to
whine
and
complain
about
something
then
you
have
the
time
to
do
something
about
it.
—Anthony
J．D'Angelo
如果你有时间抱怨某事，那么你就有时间去做一些事情。
——安东尼·J·德安吉洛
Don't
fail
to
do
what
is
good
and
small，and
don't
do
what
is
evil
and
small.
—Liu
Bei
勿以善小而不为，勿以恶小而为之。
——刘备
Life
is
to
make
a
difference
Every
one
of
us
is
put
in
this
world
to
contribute
and
to
make
a
difference
to
the
world
in
our
own
unique
way.It
just
needs
to
be
something
you
do
with
the
intention
of“doing
good”．Start
now
and
your
contribution
will
never
be
too
small.The
more
you
give，the
more
you'll
receive.Let
us
remind
ourselves
that
in
order
to
receive
more
happiness
and
love，let's
spread
more
of
them
first.Empower
other
people.You
can
change
the
world
by
helping
one
person
at
a
time.Other
than
doing
things
to
make
a
difference，we
should
also
seek
to
influence
others
to
start
doing
things
that
make
a
difference.And
the
best
way
to
convince
other
people
is
to
lead
by
example.We
all
have
something
to
offer
the
world
with
the
time
we
have.When
we
devote
our
natural
gifts
to
taking
care
of
each
other
every
day，we
make
a
difference.
Tu
Youyou，an
89?year?old
female
scientist，became
the
first
Chinese
to
win
the
Nobel
Prize
in
science
on
Oct.5.Before
that，she
won
the
2011
Lasker
Award
for
finding
out
artemisinin
(Qinghaosu)，which
saved
millions
of
lives.She
was
thankful
for
the
Lasker
prize，but
said，“It
is
just
a
scientist's
duty.I
will
go
on
fighting
for
the
health
of
all
humans.”
Tu
kept
her
work
in
the
1960s
and
1970s.In
that
age，Malaria
could
took
away
people's
health.Scientists
all
over
the
world
had
already
tried
over
240，000
times
but
failed.Tu
Youyou，a
member
of
the
Academy
of
Traditional
Chinese
Medicine，Beijing，began
to
study
Chinese
herbs.
Before
2011，people
didn't
know
Tu
very
much.Many
friends
played
jokes
with
her
“the
Professor
of
Three
Nones”：no
degree，no
study
experience
abroad，not
a
member
of
any
Chinese
national
college.But
she
is
hard?working.She
read
a
lot
of
traditional
Chinese
medicine
books
and
did
a
lot
of
researches
on
the
disease.
In
February，2012，Tu
was
named
National
Outstanding
Females
(One
of
the
Ten)
Tu
is
now
a
model
of
Chinese
medical
workers.
[探索发现]
1．What
do
you
know
about
Tu
Youyou
and
artemisinin
(Qinghaosu)?
_________________________________________________________________
2．Do
you
think
it
necessary
to
have
a
high
degree
and
study
abroad?
_________________________________________________________________
3．What
will
you
major
in
if
you
want
to
become
a
scientist
in
the
future？And
why?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[答案] 1.She
is
a
great
scientist
who
has
found
out
artemisinin
and
won
a
Nobel
Prize.
2．No.I
don't
think
so.
3．略
1/31．contribute
v．贡献，处理，投稿
→contribution
n．贡献
2．short
adj.短的，不足的；矮的→shortage
n．短缺，不足，缺乏
3．effect
n．影响，效果，作用→
effective
adj.有效的，产生预期效果的
4．recycle
v．再利用，回收利用→recycled
adj.回收再利用的
5．earn
v．挣(钱)→earner
n．挣钱者
6．donate
v．捐赠，捐献→
donation
n．捐款，捐赠；捐赠物
7．real
adj.实际的，真实的→
reality
n．真实，现实
1．contribution
n．捐款；定期缴款；贡献；促成作用；稿件
①All
contributions
for
the
May
issue
must
be
received
by
Friday.
稿件
②He
made
a
very
positive
contribution
to
the
success
of
the
project.
贡献
③These
measures
would
make
a
valuable
contribution
towards
reducing
accidents.
促成作用
④The
factory
still
hands
in
monthly
contributions
for
the
laid?off
workers.
定期缴款
⑤After
he
earned
a
large
amount
of
money，he
made
a
contribution
to
charity.
捐款
2．well
adv.很好地；充分地adj.情况良好的；健康的n.井
①The
conference
was
very
well
organized.
很好地
②The
farmer
dug
a
well
in
his
backyard
to
get
clean
water.
井
③The
surface
must
be
well
prepared
before
you
start
to
paint.
充分地
④I
don't
feel
very
well
so
I
don't
go
shopping
with
you.
健康的
⑤As
we
all
know，all
is
well
that
ends
well.
情况良好的
Words
and
Phrases
contribution
n．贡献；捐赠；投稿
(教材P13) the
contribution
these
people
made
to
society这些人为社会所做出的贡献
[例1] All
contributions
will
be
gratefully
received.
我们对所有捐资表示感谢。
[例2] The
school
sees
its
job
as
preparing
students
to
make
a
contribution
to
society.
这所学校以培养学生为社会做贡献为己任。
[造句] 他们在书中没有提及她的贡献。
They
didn't
mention
her
contribution
in
the
book.
[知识拓展]
(1)make
a
contribution/contributions
to
对……做出贡献
(2)contribute
v.
捐赠；捐献；贡献；促成；导致；投稿
contribute...to...
把……捐献给……；给……投稿
contribute
to...
做出贡献；有助于；导致
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Overeating
and
lack
of
regular
exercise
easily
contribute
to
overweight
and
high
blood
pressure.
②We
contributed
￡5，000
to
the
earthquake
fund.
[小片段填空]
Many
people
contributed
money
to
Project
Hope，which
contributed
to
many
children
returning
to
school.A
teacher
wrote
an
article
about
this
and
contributed
it
to
a
newspaper.Such
contribution
made
us
feel
excited.
许多人给希望工程捐钱，使许多孩子重返校园。一位老师据此写了一篇文章并向报社投了稿。这种捐献让我们很激动。
relief
n．减轻，缓解
(教材P13) The
amount
of
relief
and
comfort
experienced
by
the
sick
after
the
skin
has
been
carefully
washed
and
dried，is
one
of
the
commonest
observations
made
at
a
sick
bed.
病人在仔细清洗和干燥皮肤后所感受到的宽慰和舒适程度，是在病床上最常见的观察结果之一。
[例1] Street
music
gives
life
to
everyone
who
listens
and
offers
relief
from
the
care
of
the
day.
但是街头音乐赋予了每位倾听者以活力，让人们减轻了生活的烦恼。
[例2] I
felt
great
relief
when
I
heard
I
had
passed
the
examination.
当我听说我考试通过的时候，我感到轻松多了。
[造句] 能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。
It
was
a
relief
to
be
able
to
talk
to
someone
about
it.
[知识拓展]
to
one's
relief
使某人欣慰的是
relieve
v.
解除，减轻
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Much
to
her
relief，she
saw
the
door
open.
②She
longed
for
something
to
relieve
(relief)the
tiredness
of
everyday
life.
under
control在控制中；情况正常
(教材P13) ...it's
the
best
smile
in
the
world；and
there's
nobody
hurt，and
the
well's
under
control.
……它是世界上美好的微笑；无人受伤并且油井得以控制。
[例1] If
the
current
violence
is
to
be
brought
under
control，the
government
needs
to
act.
政府必须采取行动，才能使目前的暴力行为得到控制。
[例2] If
our
neighbor
continues
to
refuse
to
keep
his
dog
under
control，we
have
to
take
him
to
court.
如果我们的邻居继续拒绝对他的狗加以控制，我们就不得不控告他了。
[造句] 幸运的是，消防员一来到大火就控制住了。
Luckily，the
big
fire
was
under
control
as
soon
as
the
firefighters
came.
[知识拓展]
“under＋n.”表示正在进行的动作或表示被动意义，其中名词前不用冠词。
under
construction
正在建设中
under
repair
在修理中
under
discussion
在讨论中
under
treatment
正在接受治疗
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There
are
four
underground
lines
in
this
city，and
several
lines
are
under
construction.
②The
question
under
discussion
(discuss)is
about
education
of
preschool
children.
shortage
n．短缺，不足，缺乏
(教材P14) Freshwater
shortage(less
than
1，000
m3/capita/year)淡水短缺(不到1
000立方米/人/年)
[例1] There
is
no
shortage
of
things
to
do
in
the
town.
城里不愁找不到活儿干。
[例2] Shortage
of
hands
has
reduced
our
factory's
yearly
output.
人手不足已使我们厂的年产量减少。
[造句] 张先生似乎认为他的工厂存在劳动力不足的现象。
Mr
Zhang
seems
to
believe
there
is
a
shortage
of
workers.
[知识拓展]
short
adj.
短的；不足的；矮的，低的
be
short
for
简称，缩写
be
short
of
缺少……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①PRC
is
short
for
the
People's
Republic
of
China.
②We
are
short
of
hands(hand)right
now.
[小片段填空]
WHO
is
short
for
World
Health
Organization，which
is
devoted
to
helping
improve
the
world's
health
condition.But
now
it
is
short
of
enough
experienced
medical
workers.And
it
also
finds
the
shortage
of
freshwater
made
the
living
conditions
worse
in
some
countries.
WHO是世界卫生组织的简称，该组织主要致力于改善全世界的健康状况。但是现在它缺乏足够多有经验的医务人员。并且它发现淡水的缺乏使一些国家的生活条件更差。
earn
vt.挣(钱)
(教材P14) At
first，his
plan
was
to
earn
money
to
build
a
single
well
somewhere
in
Africa.起初，他的计划是赚些钱在非洲某个地方打一口井。
[例1] How
much
does
a
cook
earn
in
your
country?
在你们国家，一位厨师能挣多少钱？
[例2] I
want
to
earn
a
lot
of
money
when
I
grow
up.
长大后，我想挣大钱。
[造句] 他工作很努力，但钱赚得不多。
He
works
hard，but
he
does
not
earn
much
money.
[知识拓展]
earn
money＝make
money
挣钱
earn
one's/a
living
谋生
earn
one's
fame/a
reputation
赢得名声
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①How
does
she
earn
her
(she)
living
after
she
left
her
family?
②He
has
earned
(earn)
a
good
reputation
as
a
teacher
since
he
graduated.
[小片段填空]
After
graduating
from
college，he
decided
to
be
a
doctor
in
a
small
mountain
village.Although
he
didn't
earn
much
money，he
earned
a
great
reputation
among
the
villagers.At
first，his
parents
wondered
how
he
earned
his
living
on
such
little
money
but
gradually
they
understood
him.
大学毕业后，他决定去一个小山村当医生。尽管挣钱不多，但是他在村民中声誉很好。开始他的父母很疑惑他靠那一点钱怎么谋生，但是逐渐地他们理解了他。
give
up放弃，停止
(教材P15) Two
thousand
dollars
was
a
lot
of
money，but
Ryan
didn't
give
up.
两千美元是一大笔钱，但是瑞恩没有放弃。
[例1] The
following
are
some
ideas
to
help
people
to
give
up
smoking.
下面是一些帮助人们戒烟的方法。
[例2] She
will
give
up
this
journey
if
the
weather
isn't
so
satisfying.
如果天气不那么让人满意，她将放弃这次旅行。
[造句] 没有人能让他放弃他当篮球运动员的梦想。
No
one
can
make
him
give
up
his
dream
of
becoming
a
basketball
player.
[知识拓展]
give
in
(to)
屈服(于)
give
out
分发；用光；放出
give
away
赠送；泄露
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Can
you
give
out
the
papers
to
the
students
present，please?
②If
a
person
has
not
had
enough
sleep，his
action
will
give
him
away
during
the
day.
break
into
a
smile突然笑起来
(教材P15) He
broke
into
a
joyful
smile.
他突然开心地笑了起来。
[例1] He
is
always
serious
and
it
is
very
hard
to
make
him
break
into
a
smile.
他总是很严肃，很难让他突然笑起来。
[例2] While
reading
a
storybook，the
young
girl
broke
into
a
smile
suddenly.
读故事书的时候，小女孩突然笑了起来。
[造句] 这名学生往教室跑着，突然大笑了起来。
The
student
broke
into
a
big
smile
as
she
came
to
her
classroom.
[知识拓展]
break
into
破门而入；强行闯入
break
down
出故障；垮掉
break
out
爆发；突然发生
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Our
car
broke
down
on
the
way
and
what's
worse，it
was
getting
dark.
②His
home
was
broken
(break)
into
last
night
and
he
lost
his
new
bike.
Sentence
Patterns
have
trouble
(in)doing
sth.在……方面有困难；做某事费力
(教材P14) As
a
six?year?old
Canadian
schoolboy，Ryan
had
trouble
believing
the
words
spoken
by
his
teacher
that
many
people
in
developing
African
countries
couldn't
get
enough
clean
water.
当瑞恩还是一个6岁的加拿大小学生时，他很难相信他的老师所说的非洲发展中国家的许多人得不到足够的清洁水的话。
句式分析：该句是一个复合句。the
words后面的部分是过去分词作定语，其中的that引导同位语从句，解释说明words的内容。该句主句的句式是have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.，表示做某事有困难。
[例1] We
had
a
lot
of
trouble
in
finding
your
home.
我们费了好大的劲儿才找到你家。
[例2] I
have
great
trouble
remembering
all
these
numbers
in
a
short
time.
短时间内记住这所有的数字很费劲。
[造句] 我知道我想说什么，但我觉得难以向别人表达清楚。
I
know
what
I
want
to
say
but
I
have
trouble
(in)
expressing
it
clearly
to
others.
[知识拓展]
have
much/some/little/no
difficulty/trouble/problem
(in)
doing
sth.
做……有很大/一些/很少/没有困难
have
difficulty/trouble/problem
with
sth.
在……方面有困难
have
a
hard/good
time
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事经历困难/愉快的时光
[翻译]
①The
students
have
great
difficulty
with(有困难)
this
type
of
sentence.
②We
had
a
good
time(很开心)
in
playing
tennis.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
children
are
having
fun
in
playing
(play)
hide?and?seek.
②You
can't
imagine
the
trouble
we
had
finishing
(finish)
the
work
ahead
of
time.
so...that...如此……以至于……
(教材P14) And
why
is
the
water
so
dirty
that
it
makes
them
sick?
为什么水如此脏以至于使他们生病？
句式分析：该句是一个复合句。
so为副词，修饰形容词dirty；that
为连词，引导结果状语从句。
[例1] The
teacher
explained
the
English
grammar
so
clearly
that
even
I
could
understand
it.
老师把英语语法解释的如此清晰，以至于甚至我都能听明白。
[例2] I
was
so
excited
that
I
could
not
speak.
我很激动以至于说不出话来了。
[造句] 他今天早晨起得早，因此比其他所有同学早到校。
He
got
up
so
early
this
morning
that
he
got
to
school
ahead
of
all
the
other
classmates.
[知识拓展]
(1)so＋that?clause
(2)such＋that?clause
[翻译]
①He
told
us
so
interesting
a
story(这么有趣的一个故事)
that
we
all
laughed.
②He
told
us
such
an
interesting
story(这么有趣的一个故事)
that
we
all
laughed.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
stone
is
so
heavy
(heavily)
that
I
can't
lift
it
up.
②They
are
such
little
children
that
they
can't
do
anything.
(教材P14) He
soon
reached
his
first
target
of
$70，but
when
he
gave
the
money
to
a
charity，he
was
told
that
it
actually
cost
$2，000
to
build
a
well.
[分析] 此句为but连接的并列复合句。but前面是一个主谓宾结构的分句；后面的分句是一个主从复合句，when引导的是时间状语从句；he
was
told后面是that
引导的宾语从句。
[译文] 他很快就实现了第一个70美元的目标，但当他把钱捐给慈善机构时，他被告知打一口井实际上需要2
000美元。
教材
高考
1.the
contribution
these
people
made
to
society
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) ...old
desktop
monitors
and
box
TVs
with
cathode
ray
tubes
are
the
worst
devices
with
their
energy
consumption
and
contribution
to
greenhouse
gas
emissions...
2.The
amount
of
relief
and
comfort
experienced
by
the
sick
after
the
skin
has
been
carefully
washed
and
dried，is
one
of
the
commonest
observations
made
at
a
sick
bed.
(2018·江苏卷) There
was
no
cure，only
pain
relief.
3.This
insight
grew
from
the
determined
attitude
of
a
six?year?old
boy
who
had
the
courage
and
perseverance
to
make
his
dream
a
reality.
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ) But
Mann
thinks
Terrafugia
has
come
closer
than
anyone
to
making
the
flying
car
a
reality.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．These
reforms
made
great
contributions(contribution)
to
the
stability
of
the
economy.
2．To
her
relief(relieve)，her
husband
came
home
safe
and
sound
at
last.
3．Training
didn't
result
in
good
results
and
was
much
less
effective
(effective)than
expected.
4．There
is
no
heating
available
due
to
fuel
shortages(shortage)．
5．Jack
and
his
wife
donated
(donate)
many
of
their
used
clothes
to
a
charity.
6．We
had
great
trouble
making
him
understand
(understand)
what
we
taught
him.
7．He
really
made
a
great
difference
to
the
world
by
his
own
efforts.
8．So
many
people
in
the
village
benefited
from
the
volunteers'
timely
help.
9．We
could
see
the
delighted
(delight)
workers
jumping
happily
with
the
salary
in
hand.
10．The
water
here
was
so
dirty
that
even
the
animals
didn't
want
to
drink.
Ⅱ.短语填空
give
up；be
determined
to；make
a
contribution；turn
out；be
grateful
to；benefit
from；at
the
same
time；under
control；make
a
difference；rise
to
one's
feet
1．Many
people
in
the
world
have
benefited
from
the
arrival
of
5G
till
now.
2．When
the
hero
arrived
home，the
whole
village
turned
out
to
greet
him.
3．No
one
could
help
you
give
up
smoking
unless
you
are
willing
to.
4．We
should
be
grateful
to
whoever
helped
us
on
our
way
to
success.
5．Once
he
was
determined
to
quit
his
job，no
one
could
change
him.
6．We
will
never
forget
the
people
who
made
a
contribution
to
society.
7．He
left
his
office
suddenly.At
the
same
time，his
cellphone
powered
off.
8．When
the
teacher
asked
him
to
answer
the
question，he
rose
to
his
feet．
9．I
think
we
should
all
work
for
peace.Each
of
us
can
make
a
difference．
10．If
you
have
diabetes，remember
to
keep
your
blood
sugar
under
control．
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Ryan
is
a
1.Canadian
(Canada)
schoolboy
who
wanted
to
make
2.a
difference
for
the
world.After
learning
the
news
of
freshwater
3.shortage
(short)
in
African
countries，he
made
his
plan
4.to
earn(earn)
money
to
build
a
well.He
cleaned
windows
5.and
did
gardening
for
others
and
finally
got
enough
money
with
the
help
of
people
around
him.In
Uganda
he
saw
the
well
and
many
6.delighted(delight)
students.7.Later(late)，his
experience
led
him
8.to
set
(set)up
a
foundation
to
help
more
people.9.What
Ryan
did
really
inspire
more
people
to
make
their
dreams
a
10.reality(real)．
1/10课时分层作业(五)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She
has
a
pleased
(please)
look
on
her
face
so
we
learn
that
she
won
the
game.
2．The
teacher
gave
us
a
satisfied
(satisfy)
smile
and
let
us
go
home
earlier.
3．They're
the
problems
left
(leave)
over
by
history
and
remain
unsolved.
4．The
play
put
(put)
on
by
the
teachers
was
a
big
success.
5．Is
there
anybody
injured
(injure)
during
the
school
sports
meeting?
6．Do
you
know
the
number
of
books
ordered
(order)
from
the
Internet
yesterday?
7．Don't
use
words，expressions
or
phrases
known
(know)
only
to
people
with
specific
knowledge.
8．The
ship
hit
(hit)
by
a
huge
piece
of
iceberg
sank
with
its
passengers.
9．There
is
a
big
dog
tied
(tie)
to
the
tree
outside
the
house.
10．The
Olympic
Games
first
played(play)
in
775
B．C.did
not
include
women
players.
Ⅱ.完形填空
At
56，Lisa
Condie
had
two
tickets
for
a
trip
to
Europe.However，she
had
no
one
to
go
1
because
she
broke
up
with
her
boyfriend，which
2
her
plan
for
a
romantic
(浪漫的)
trip.Lisa
wondered
if
her
fifties
were
just
about
staying
on
her
own
and
being
3
.She
was
no
longer
a
wife
because
her
husband
died
early.And
her
kids
had
all
4
and
left
her.She
had
no
idea
what
to
do
with
the
5
of
her
life.
Condie
spent
a
few
sad
days
in
Rome
alone，not
6
Italian
or
knowing
her
way
around.However，by
the
end
of
her
trip，she
cried
at
the
thought
of
7
the
magical
place.Being
alone
in
Italy
had
helped
her
realize
that
she
was
8
strong，smart，and
in
control
of
her
life.She
decided
right
then
that
she
would
one
day
9
and
live
there.
Two
years
later，Condie
is
now
living
out
her
10
.She
lives
in
Florence
and
runs
a
tour
company
for
women
11
Italy—A
Better
Way
To
Travel
in
Italy.So
far，her
business
has
been
12
．“I
can
show
them
life
doesn't
have
to
be
over
at
some
point
of
life.It
can
13
anytime
you
like.You
can
have
joy
again.I
do
think
there's
a
magic
in
women
14
women，”
she
said.“I
feel
everybody
has
a
dream
that
can
bring
them
back
to
life.As
women，we
often
support
other
people's
dreams，but
we
15
need
to
realize
our
own
dreams.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Lisa
Condie跟男友分手后，从难过中走了出来，开始了自己在意大利帮助女性的事业。
1．A.with
B．against
C．for
D．after
A [根据Lisa
Condie后来一个人在意大利旅游的语境可知，没有人“跟”她去。]
2．A.made
B．destroyed
C．developed
D．prepared
B [根据上下文语境可知，因为Condie跟她男友分手了，所以她计划好的浪漫旅行也被“毁了”。]
3．A.awake
B．healthy
C．alone
D．strong
C [根据前面的“staying
on
her
own”及后面她丈夫和孩子都不在，可知，Condie想知道是不是她五十几岁的生活只能是“一个人”。]
4．A.got
up
B．turned
up
C．grown
up
D．cheered
up
C [根据后面的“and
left
her”可推测，她的孩子已经“长大”了，都离开了她。]
5．A.middle
B．beginning
C．end
D．rest
D [Condie不知道她“剩下”的人生将如何度过。]
6．A.refusing
B．speaking
C．learning
D．forgetting
B [Condie在意大利独自一人，不会“说”意大利语，不知道周围的路。]
7．A.leaving
B．knowing
C．visiting
D．cleaning
A [根据“by
the
end
of
her
trip”可知，这里是指旅行结束，将要“离开”意大利了。]
8．A.probably
B．usually
C．actually
D．hardly
C [Condie刚开始一个人在意大利，对人生很迷茫，但是经过这段意大利之旅，她意识到自己“实际上”很强大、很聪明，可以控制自己的人生。]
9．A.stop
B．return
C．appear
D．try
B [根据下文的“and
live
there”可知，Condie当时决定总有一天会再“回到”意大利。]
10．A.dream
B．worry
C．fear
D．interest
A [根据上文语境可知，回到意大利并定居在那里是Condie的梦想，所以Condie两年后正在实现自己的“梦想”。]
11．A.paying
a
visit
to
B．thinking
highly
of
C．making
good
use
of
D．looking
forward
to
A [根据“A
Better
Way
To
Travel
in
Italy”可知，这里是指那些来意大利“旅游”的女士。]
12．A.terrible
B．small
C．great
D．strange
C [这里是在讲Lisa
Condie很励志的人生故事，所以她的生意应该“很好”。]
13．A.continue
B．start
C．turn
D．end
A [根据“life
doesn't
have
to
be
over”的语境可知，生活不会在某个点结束，只要你愿意，它随时可以“继续”。]
14．A.teaching
B．supporting
C．meeting
D．leading
B [Lisa
Condie所创办的公司主要帮助来意大利旅行的女士，故选supporting。]
15．A.even
B．never
C．also
D．always
C [通过Lisa
Condie的故事可知，女人常常帮助别人实现梦想，但是她们“也”需要帮助自己实现梦想。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
China's
industrial
output
is
expected
to
rise
by
around
6.5
percent
this
year，marking
the
best
1.________
(perform)
since
2010，2.________
the
Made
in
China
2025
strategy
helps
to
raise
productivity
and
revenue
(财政收入)．
The
increase
is
0.5
percentage
points
3.________(high)
than
the
targeted
growth，partly
4.________
(drive)
by
strong
efforts
to
increase
the
use
of
new
technology
at
traditional
enterprises
(企业)，Miao
Wei
said
on
Monday.
“The
country's
industrial
economy
has
maintained
steady
and
sound
growth
thanks
5.________
the
Made
in
China
2025
strategy.It
promoted
the
combination
of
manufacturing
and
new
technologies
such
as
6.________
Internet，big
data
and
cloud
computing，”
Miao
added.
The
ministry
also
predicted
that
the
country's
industrial
output
would
be
likely
7.________
(grow)
by
around
6
percent
next
year，with
revenue
from
the
telecommunications，Internet，and
software
and
information
technology
service
8.________
(increase)
by
50
percent，30
percent
and
13
percent，respectively.
According
to
Miao，the
country
will
also
publish
policies
on
promoting
the
development
of
digital
economy.Official
data
show
that
the
country's
digital
economy
9.________(add)
up
to
22.58
trillion
yuan
last
year，ranking
second
10.________
(global)
and
accounting
for
around
30
percent
of
national
GDP.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了因为“中国制造2025”战略，预计今年中国工业产出将增长6.5%左右，这是自2010年以来的最佳表现。
1．performance [考查词性转换。此处应该用名词performance(表现)作动词make的宾语，构成现在分词短语，故填performance。]
2．as/because [考查连词。句意：因为“中国制造2025”战略有助于提高生产率和收入，预计今年中国工业产出将增长6.5%左右，这是自2010年以来的最佳表现。前后是因果关系，故填as/because。]
3．higher [考查比较等级。句意：这个增幅比目标增长率高0.5个百分点。句中有than，表比较，所以要用比较级higher，故填higher。]
4．driven [考查非谓语动词。句意：这个增幅比目标增长率高0.5个百分点，部分是受传统企业大力增加使用新技术的努力的驱使。此处是用过去分词driven作状语，与主语the
increase是被动关系，故填driven。]
5．to [考查介词。句意：多亏了“中国制造2025”战略，全国工业经济保持稳健增长。thanks
to为固定短语，意为“幸亏……，由于……”，故填to。]
6．the [考查冠词。此处特指“互联网”，所以加定冠词the，故填the。]
7．to
grow [考查不定式。句意：该部还预测，明年中国的工业产值可能会增长6%左右。be
likely
to
do
sth.，为固定搭配，意为“可能做某事”。所以要接不定式to
grow。]
8．increasing [考查非谓语动词。这是with的复合结构：with＋宾语＋现在分词作状语，此动词increase与宾语revenue是主动关系，意思是“随着税收的不断增长”，故填increasing。]
9．added [考查时态。句意：官方数据显示，去年全国经济总量达22.58万亿元，居全球第二位，约占国内生产总值的30%。根据时间状语last
year，可知应填added。]
10．globally [考查词性转换。句意：国家还将公布关于促进数字经济发展的政策。此处用副词globally(在全球)作状语，修饰现在分词ranking，故填globally。]
1/5阅读
Reading
2
的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Who
is
Nicholas
Winton?
A．A
great
man
who
saved
others
from
death.
B．A
brave
man
who
once
served
in
the
army.
C．An
respectable
man
who
received
various
honors.
D．All
of
the
above.
2．What
made
Nicholas
Winton
so
great
and
respected?
A．Helping
people
in
danger.
B．Working
as
a
business
man.
C．The
British
TV
programme.
D．Being
a
Jewish
people.
3．What
do
we
know
about
the
Nicholas
Winton's
great
behaviour?
A．As
a
German
Jewish
he
was
always
helpful.
B．What
he
saw
in
Prague
inspired
him
to
do
that.
C．His
friend
asked
him
to
help
people
escape.
D．The
British
government
paid
all
the
cost.
4．Why
did
his
great
behaviour
kept
for
so
long?
A．Because
his
wife
didn't
find
the
secret
before.
B．Because
no
TV
station
invited
him
to
share.
C．Because
he
didn't
want
to
mention
his
memories.
D．Because
the
children
he
saved
forgot
him.
[答案] 1－4 DABC
Words
and
Phrases
extend
v．持续；延伸
(教材P17)
Since
1953,
UNICEF
has
taken
up
an
extended
mission
to
help
children
in
the
developing
world，including
those
living
with
diseases
or
disabilities，and...
1953年以来，联合国儿童基金会承担了一份扩大的任务去帮助发展中国家的儿童，包括患有疾病或残疾的那些人……
[例1] The
show
has
been
extended
for
another
two
weeks.
展览会又延长了两周。
[例2] Our
playing
fields
extend
as
far
as
those
trees.
我们的操场延伸到那些树前。
[造句] 我们决定将我们的参观延长一天。
We
decided
to
extend
our
visit
for
one
day.
[知识拓展]
extension
n．
延长；延期；扩大；伸展；电话分机
extended
adj.
延伸的；扩大的；长期的；广大的
extend
to
sth.
(使)达到，伸展到……
extend
one's
arms
伸出两臂
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
extended
(extend)
meeting
came
to
an
end
late
into
the
night.
②His
arms
were
extended
(extend)
to
welcome
his
long?lost
friend.
hesitate
v．犹豫，迟疑
(教材P18) She
is
usually
very
shy，but
she's
generous
and
never
hesitates
to
help.
她通常很害羞，但是当帮忙时从来不迟疑。
[例1] The
Mullers
didn't
hesitate
to
give
their
phone
number
to
the
street
people
and
told
them
to
phone
anytime.穆勒一家毫不犹豫地把电话号码给那些街上的(需要帮助的)人，并告诉他们可以随时打电话。
[例2] I
hesitated
a
lot
about
whether
to
tell
him
the
bad
news.
我犹豫了很久是否要告诉他这个坏消息。
[造句]
需要任何帮助都不要犹豫给我打电话。
Don't
hesitate
to
contact
me
if
you
need
any
help.
[知识拓展]
(1)hesitate
to
do
sth.
犹豫做某事
(2)hesitation
n.
犹豫，踌躇，迟疑；不情愿
without
hesitation
毫不犹豫地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She
wouldn't
hesitate
to
spend
(spend)
on
a
good
haircut.
②A
man
rushed
to
the
girl
to
give
her
first
aid
and
I
joined
in
without
hesitation
(hesitate)．
[小片段填空]
Xiaozhou
is
a
man
who
likes
to
hesitate
to
make
any
decision.Although
too
much
hesitation
has
caused
him
many
troubles，he
still
can't
make
a
quick
decision.Yesterday
he
jumped
into
the
river
without
hesitation
to
save
the
drowning
girl.He
is
really
a
hero.
小周是个做任何决定都犹豫不决的人。尽管犹豫太多给他带来了不少的麻烦，他依然不能迅速的做出决定。昨天他毫不犹豫地跳下河去救溺水的女孩。他真是个英雄！
come
up
with提出；想出；赶上
(教材P18) He
often
comes
up
with
good
ideas.
他总是能想出好点子。
[例1] He
came
up
with
the
idea
of
the
World
Wide
Web
in
1989
while
he
was
working
in
Switzerland.
1989年，当他在瑞士工作时，他提出了(创建)万维网的想法。
[例2] I
was
amazed
that
he'd
come
up
with
this
sweet
idea.
我很惊讶他想到了这么好的主意。
[造句] 有几位成员提出了自己的建议。
Several
of
the
members
have
come
up
with
suggestions
of
their
own.
[知识拓展]
come
up
走近；上来；被提出，被提及(不用被动)
come
about
发生；产生
come
across
遇见，(偶然)发现；被理解
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Is
this
your
necklace，Mary?
I
came
across
it
when
I
was
cleaning
the
bathroom
this
morning.
②How
did
it
come
about
that
he
knew
where
we
were?
aid
v．帮助，援助
(教材P20) In
December
1938，a
friend
asked
Winton
to
come
to
Prague
to
aid
people
who
were
escaping
from
the
Nazis.
1938年12月，一个朋友让温盾来布拉格帮助那些正要从纳粹分子那里逃跑的人。
[例1] Tom's
uncle
aided
him
in
getting
a
new
job.
汤姆的叔叔帮他找一份新工作。
[例2] The
new
test
should
aid
in
the
early
finding
of
the
disease.
新的化验应该有助于早早检查出这种疾病。
[造句] 这个设备的设计是为了帮助老年人走路。
The
design
of
the
device
is
to
aid
the
old
in
walking.
[知识拓展]
aid
n．
帮助；援助；助手
first
aid
急救
go
to
the
aid
of
sb./go
to
one's
aid
去帮助某人
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It
is
very
important
to
learn
how
to
do
timely
first
aid(急救)．
②Aided
(aid)
by
heat
and
strong
winds，the
fire
quickly
spread.
rise
to
one's
feet
站起身
(教材P21) A
shocked
Winton
watched
as
the
majority
of
people
rose
to
their
feet.
震惊的温盾看着大多数人站起了身。
[例1] As
the
leader
came
into
the
stadium，the
crowd
rose
to
their
feet
to
shout
and
cheer.
当领先的运动员进入体育场，全场观众都会站起来向他欢呼喝彩。
[例2] Rise
to
your
feet
when
the
visitor
comes
in.
来宾进来时请大家站起来。
[造句] 当老科学家进来的时候，观众们都起立致敬。
When
the
old
scientist
came
in，the
audience
all
rose
to
their
feet
to
show
their
respect.
[知识拓展]
jump
to
one's
feet
跳起
struggle
to
one's
feet
挣扎着站起来
on
foot
徒步；步行
stand
on
one's
own
feet
自立；独立自主
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
jumped
to
his
feet
(foot)
and
ran
out
of
the
office.
②The
injured
woman
struggled
to
her
(she)
feet
and
went
on.
achievement
n．成就，成绩
(教材P21) Later，Winton
received
various
honours
for
his
achievement，including
a
knighthood
in
2003...
后来温盾因为他的成就获得了各种各样的荣誉，其中包括2003年的骑士奖章……
[例1] Tiangong
Ⅱ's
launching
was
an
important
historical
achievement
for
China，even
for
the
whole
world.天宫Ⅱ号的发射是中国乃至全世界的一次重要的历史成就。
[例2] Einstein
was
famous
for
his
scientific
achievements.
爱因斯坦因他的科学成就而著名。
[造句] 如果你想取得一些成就，就应该在某个领域有所专长。
If
you
want
to
make
some
achievements，you
should
be
specialized
in
some
area.
[知识拓展]
(1)make
an
achievement
in
在……方面取得成就
a
sense
of
achievement
成就感
(2)achieve
vt.
实现(目标、理想等)；
取得(胜利、成功等)
achieve
one's
goal
实现某人的目标
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
felt
a
great
sense
of
achievement
when
I
reached
the
top
of
the
mountain.
②They
have
achieved
(achieve)
a
lot
in
treating
the
new
disease
since
last
year.
Sentence
Patterns
on
doing
一……就……
(教材P20) On
leaving
school，Winton
worked
in
banks
in
Germany
and
France.
一毕业，温盾就在德国和法国的银行工作。
句式分析：句中的on
doing
sth.表示“一……就……”，相当于as
soon
as
引导的时间状语从句。该句可以改为as
soon
as
Winton
left
school.
[例1] On
arriving
home
after
work，Mum
began
to
be
busy
preparing
supper
for
the
whole
family.
下班后一到家，妈妈就开始忙着为全家人准备晚饭。
[例2] On
hearing
the
news
of
success，they
jumped
with
joy.
一听见成功的消息，他们高兴地跳了起来。
[造句] 一离开校园，学生们就高兴地唱了起来。
On
leaving
school，the
students
began
to
sing
happily.
[知识拓展]
once
doing
一旦做某事
when/while
doing
当……时
after
doing
做完……后
[翻译]
①Once
making
a
promise(一旦做出承诺)，you
should
try
your
best
to
fulfil
it.
②When
staying
at
home(在家时)，I
often
play
chess
with
my
grandpa.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①On
seeing
the
teacher
coming
(come)
into
the
classroom，all
students
stood
up.
②When
seeing
(see)
her
mother，the
little
girl
dropped
the
toy
and
rushed
to
her.
where引导非限制性定语从句
(教材P20) He
returned
to
Britain
in
1931，where
he
worked
in
business.
1931年，他返回英国，在那里开始做生意。
句式分析：where引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明前面主句中的先行词。
[例1] They
went
to
London，where
they
lived
for
six
months.
他们去了伦敦，在那儿待了六个月的时间。
[例2] They
reached
there
yesterday，where
a
negotiation
of
sale
will
be
held.
他们昨天抵达那里，有一个关于销售的谈判在那儿举行。
[造句] 昨晚他们去了公园，在那里他丢了他的手表。
Last
night
they
went
to
the
park，where
he
lost
his
watch.
[知识拓展]
(1)非限制性定语从句，即非限定性定语从句，有逗号与先行词隔开在句中主要起补充说明作用，如果去掉也不会影响对主句的理解。
(2)非限制性定语从句的关系词
①引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词：as，which，who。
②引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词主要有：when，where。
③which引导的非限定性定语从句用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。
④as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。
[翻译]
①Last
night，I
saw
a
very
good
film，which(那部电影)
was
about
the
Long
March.
②This
letter
is
from
my
sister，who(我姐姐)
is
working
at
a
factory
now.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
paid
a
visit
to
the
company
last
month，where
my
brother
are
working.
②My
grandpa's
childhood
is
bitter，when
he
lived
a
hard
life.
细节理解题(2)
提分技巧：有些细节理解题需要综合多条信息得出结论，这类属于概括细节理解题。概括细节理解题要求通过思维分析将原文中比较分散或复杂的信息进行归纳，即要“综合事实定答案”。首先，通过关键词定区间。就是说我们在阅读题干的时候迅速把题干中的关键词标记出来，然后根据关键词回到原文当中定位相关的段落、语句。然后通过概括定选项。概括细节理解题可能涉及文章某一段或几段，甚至贯穿全文的各个位置，需要考生寻找文章中的多个细节。然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读C节选)
...
Wang
collected
more
than
7
million
abandoned
bricks
of
different
ages.He
asked
the
workers
to
use
traditional
techniques
to
make
the
bricks
into
walls，roofs
and
corridors.This
creation
attracted
a
lot
of
attention
thanks
to
its
mixture
of
modern
and
traditional
Chinese
elements
(元素)．
Wang's
works
show
a
deep
understanding
of
modern
architecture
and
a
good
knowledge
of
traditions.Through
such
a
balance，he
had
created
a
new
type
of
Chinese
architecture，said
Tadao
Ando，the
winner
of
the
1995
Pritzker
Prize.
...
30．What
made
Wang's
architectural
design
a
success?
A．The
mixture
of
different
shapes.
B．The
balance
of
East
and
West.
C．The
use
of
popular
techniques.
D．The
harmony
of
old
and
new.
D [根据选文第一段第三句“This
creation
attracted
a
lot
of
attention
thanks
to
its
mixture
of
modern
and
traditional
Chinese
elements
(元素)．”和选文第二段第二句中的“Through
such
a
balance，he
had
created
a
new
type
of
Chinese
architecture”可知，传统与现代元素的和谐共存是王澍建筑设计成功的秘诀，故选D。]
[即学即练]
请迅速找出下面段落中的针对该题目的概括类信息。
(2017·北京卷·阅读A节选)
...
Amazingly，Taylor
had
just
taken
a
CPR
course
the
day
before.Still，she
hesitated.She
didn't
think
she
knew
it
well
enough.But
when
no
one
else
came
forward，Taylor
ran
to
Paris
and
began
doing
CPR.“It
was
scary.I
knew
it
was
the
difference
between
life
and
death，”
says
Taylor.
Taylor's
swift
action
helped
her
teammates
calm
down.One
girl
called
911.Two
more
ran
to
get
the
school
nurse，who
brought
a
defibrillator，an
electronic
device
(器械)
that
can
shock
the
heart
back
into
work.Luck
stayed
with
them；Paris's
heartbeat
returned.
...
Experts
say
Paris
is
right：For
a
sudden
heart
failure，the
single
best
chance
for
survival
is
having
someone
nearby
step
in
and
do
CPR
quickly.
...
57．Why
does
Paris
say
she
was
lucky？( )
A．She
made
a
worthy
friend.
B．She
recovered
from
shock.
C．She
received
immediate
CPR.
D．She
came
back
on
the
softball
team.
C [根据选文第一段中的“But
when
no
one
else
came
forward，Taylor
ran
to
Paris
and
began
doing
CPR.”以及选文第二段“在队友和学校护士的帮助下Paris的心跳恢复了(Paris's
heartbeat
returned)”以及选文第三段中的“For
a
sudden
heart
failure，the
single
best
chance
for
survival
is
having
someone
nearby
step
in
and
do
CPR
quickly.”概括可知，Paris说她很幸运是因为她得到了及时的心肺复苏(CPR)救助。]
9/9速读P14－15教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确的，还是错误的，还是没有提及。
1．As
a
young
boy，Ryan
could
easily
understand
his
teacher's
words.( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
2．Ryan
went
to
Uganda
and
helped
the
people
there
build
a
hand
pump.( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．Ryan
earned
$2，000
with
other's
help
and
donated
all
the
money
to
charity.( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．Ryan
set
up
a
foundation
in
Uganda
and
helped
more
people
there.( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．As
an
adult，Ryan
is
working
as
a
volunteer
in
Uganda
to
make
his
dream
come
true.( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BCBAC
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．to
show
their
thanks
B．to
encourage
more
people
C．to
help
people
in
African
D．to
get
clean，safe
water
E．to
earn
more
money F．to
help
him
raise
more
money
1．Ryan
decided
________________
get
clean
water
to
avoid
disease.
2．Ryan
cleaned
windows
and
did
gardening
________________
to
build
a
well.
3．People
around
Ryan
all
acted
________________
for
building
a
well.
4．People
in
Uganda
invited
Ryan________________
for
Ryan's
kind
help.
5．Ryan
set
up
a
foundation
________________
to
help
those
in
need.
6．The
life?changing
gift
for
people
in
Uganda
was
________________．
[答案] 1－6 CEFABD
Ⅲ.表格填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入合适的单词或短语。
Finding
people
in
need
Ryan
had
trouble
1.believing
the
teacher's
words
and
decided
to
help.
Realizing
the
dream
His
first
plan
was
to
2.earn
money
and
soon
reached
his
3.target.
The
money
was
not
4.enough
for
a
well
which
was
5.what
people
really
needed.
Ryan
didn't
6.give
up
and
persuaded
people
around
him
to
7.donate
money.
The
children
in
Uganda
were
8.grateful
to
him
and
invited
him
there.
Helping
more
people
Later，Ryan
9.set
up
a
foundation
to
encourage
more
people
to
support
him
and
many
people
have
10.benefited
from
clean
and
safe
water.
细读P14－15课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
细读课文，匹配段落大意。
1．Paragraph
1
A．Ryan
was
invited
to
Uganda
and
visited
the
well.
2．Paragraph
2
B．Ryan
realized
his
dream
with
the
help
of
others.
3．Paragraph
3
C．Ryan
was
refused
for
the
amount
of
his
money.
4．Paragraph
4
D．Ryan
got
the
information
and
decided
to
help.
5．Paragraph
5
E．The
determination
changed
a
man
for
his
whole
life.
6．Paragraph
6
F．Ryan
got
more
support
and
helped
more
people.
[答案] 1－6 DCBAFE
Ⅱ.单项选择
细读课文，选择最佳答案。
1．Read
the
passage
quickly
and
choose
the
main
idea.
A．A
Canadian
boy
tried
his
best
to
make
his
dream
come
true.
B．A
Canadian
boy
collected
enough
money
to
dig
a
well
at
home.
C．A
Canadian
boy
himself
dug
a
well
for
people
in
Uganda.
D．A
Canadian
boy
made
the
world
different
because
of
his
efforts.
2．What
inspired
the
Canadian
boy
to
help?
A．The
drinking
fountain
in
his
school.
B．His
teacher's
introduction.
C．The
dirty
water
he
found.
D．The
ten?kilometre
distance.
3．What
do
we
know
about
the
boy's
effort?
A．His
first
target
was
achieved
and
he
did
help
others.
B．He
didn't
give
up
and
collect
enough
money
by
himself.
C．He
made
his
own
story
known
to
the
public
through
the
Internet.
D．His
effort
paid
off
and
he
went
to
see
the
well
in
person
in
Uganda.
4．How
can
we
describe
the
Canadian
boy?
A．Helpful
and
determined.
B．Joyful
and
warm?hearted.
C．Hard?working
and
grateful.
D．Delighted
and
generous.
5．Which
is
the
direct
result
of
Ryan's
effort?
A．Getting
more
clean
water.
B．Setting
up
a
foundation.
C．Building
a
new
well.
D．Making
him
go
public.
[答案] 1－5 DBDAC
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能
——描写情绪
A．阅读课文中描写情绪的句子。
1．At
first
Ryan
was
nervous，but
soon
a
great
warmth
filled
him.
2．He
broke
into
a
joyful
smile.
3．A
shocked
Winton
watched
as
the
majority
of
people
rose
to
their
feet.
B．判断下列句子是否属于描写情绪。
1．In
Uganda，Ryan
at
last
saw
the
finished
well
with
his
own
eyes.But
that
was
not
all.
( )
2．They
sang
and
danced
happily.
( )
3．Now，as
an
adult，Ryan
says
that
the
question
to
ask
is
not
“Why
don't
I
help？”，but
“How
can
I
help
today？”．
( )
[答案] 1－3 ×√×
2/4Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.extend
A．adj.敏感的，容易生气的
( )2.disability
B．n.帮助，援助
( )3.sensitive
C．n.癌症
( )4.cancer
D．n.职责；使命
( )5.assistance
E．n.地区，地方
( )6.mission
F．n.机构，团体
( )7.territory
G．n.登记，注册
( )8.institution
H．adj.短期的，短暂的，临时的
( )9.registration
I．v.持续；延伸
( )10.temporary
J．n.证明书，证书
( )11.obtain
K．n.残疾，残障
( )12.certificate
L．v.获得，得到
[答案] 1－5 IKACB 6－10 DEFGH
11－12 LJ
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.save
sb.from...
A．站起身来
( )2.keep
records
of
B．去世
( )3.at
one
point
C．把某人从……拯救出来
( )4.rise
to
one's
feet
D．一度
( )5.pass
away
E．记录
( )6.transport...to
safety
F．使民众关注……
( )7.bring...to
public
attention
G．把……转移到安全处
[答案] 1－5 CEDAB 6－7 GF
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．disease
n.
疾病，病
2．generous
adj.
慷慨的，大方的
3．hesitate
v.
迟疑，犹豫
4．confirmation
n.
证实，证明
5．achievement
n.
成绩，成就
6．major
adj.
重要的，主要的
7．military
n.
军队
8．chief
adj.
最高级别的，首席的
9．treatment
n.
治疗；疗法
10．further
adj.
更多的，附加的
Ⅰ.选词填空
sensitive；generous；disease；hesitate；chief；major；treatments；further；achievement；obtain
1．It
is
not
known
what
causes
the
disease．
2．I
didn't
hesitate
for
a
moment
about
taking
the
job.
3．Even
a
small
success
gives
you
a
sense
of
achievement．
4．We
have
decided
to
take
no
further
action.
5．There
are
various
treatments
available
for
this
condition.
6．He
is
the
chief
financial
officer
of
the
company.
7．It
was
generous
of
him
to
offer
to
pay
for
us
both.
8．There
were
calls
for
major
changes
to
the
welfare
system.
9．My
teeth
are
very
sensitive
to
cold
food.
10．I
finally
managed
to
obtain
a
copy
of
the
report.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．We
are
glad
to
see
the
extension
(extend)of
new
technology
into
developing
countries.
2．His
disability
(ability)
led
to
his
failing
to
pass
the
exam.
3．The
couple
generously(generous)
donated
their
books
to
the
village.
4．He
made
up
his
mind
to
give
up
without
hesitation
(hesitate)．
5．The
assistance(assist)
they
got
was
mainly
from
charities
of
China.
6．We
need
written
confirmation(confirm)
before
we
can
send
your
order
out.
7．The
scientist
made
a
great
achievement(achieve)
in
space.
8．Thanks
to
the
timely
treatment(treat)，the
old
man
was
saved
from
death.
9．The
majority
(major)
of
the
villagers
came
to
welcome
the
far?away
friend.
10．Have
you
filled
in
the
registration
(register)
form?
1．For
the
most
part，he
did
not
mention
the
children
he
saved，and
his
actions
soon
disappeared
from
people's
memories.
通常，他不提救助过的孩子，他所做之事不久也从人们的记忆中消失了。
2．At
one
point，the
host
asked
people
in
the
audience
to
stand
up
if
Nicholas
Winton
had
saved
their
lives.
在某个时刻，主持人请观众中被尼古拉斯·温顿曾经救过命的人站起来。
3．The
programme
brought
his
actions
to
public
attention，...
这个电视节目使民众关注起他所做的事情，……
2/3课时分层作业(六)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
“Smile！”
I
shouted，holding
a
yellow
sign
up
on
a
busy
street
in
Seattle.We
were
three
thousand
miles
away
from
home
on
a
Random
Acts
of
Kindness
and
Volunteerism
Road
Trip.We
had
two
aims.One
was
to
try
out
our
new
“Smile！”
signs
and
see
how
much
kindness
and
joy
we
could
spread
in
Pike
Place
Market.The
other
was
to
raise
$80
by
doing
street
performances，enough
for
gas
to
Portland
and
a
small
hotel
room.
We
weren't
sure
how
people
would
react
(回应)
to
our
signs.I
nervously
raised
up
our
signs
and
shouted，“Hi，there！”
to
a
young
couple.They
looked
over
and
felt
confused.Then
they
read
our
signs
and
broke
into
a
smile.Before
long，some
tourists
wanted
to
take
a
photo
with
us
and
some
strangers
stopped
to
ask
us
about
our
signs.
In
fact，we
paid
so
close
attention
to
our
“Smile！”
project
that
we
forgot
the
other
aim.Before
we
knew
it，the
sun
was
setting，and
we
had
no
money
for
our
trip
to
Portland.We
sat
down
to
watch
a
blind
musician
play
the
guitar
while
thinking
about
what
to
do.He
was
packing
up
when
a
passing
crowd
kicked
down
his
change
bowl.He
stumbled
(绊倒)
into
the
crowd.We
rushed
to
help
him，but
another
man
moved
more
quickly
to
help
him.
Once
the
musician
had
his
money
safely
returned，we
ran
over
to
meet
the
strange
helper
and
said，“We
just
wanted
to
praise
you
for
your
good
deed.”
He
smiled，looking
at
our
signs.“Your
trip
reminds
me
of
something
similar
I
once
did
when
I
was
young，”
he
said.“Look！I'd
like
to
donate
(捐赠)．”
We
told
him，“No，thanks！We
are
fine.We've
collected
plenty
of
money.”
We
lied.“Please
let
me
donate.It
will
make
me
feel
like
I'm
a
part
of
this
adventure，”
he
insisted.And
then
the
stranger
opened
his
wallet
and
pulled
out
four
$20
bills.The
money
was
exactly
what
we
had
intended
to
raise
that
day.We
were
astonished．It
seemed
as
if
he
had
known
somehow.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者一行人在志愿者旅行活动中用“微笑！”标牌来传播善意和快乐。
1．What's
the
main
purpose
of
the
road
trip?
A．To
spread
kindness
and
joy.
B．To
invite
more
people
to
join
in
the
trip.
C．To
raise
money
for
a
trip
to
Portland.
D．To
encourage
people
to
take
happy
photos.
A [细节理解题。根据第一段的“...on
a
Random
Acts
of
Kindness
and
Volunteerism
Road
Trip.”可知，此次志愿者旅行活动的主要目的是传播善意和快乐。]
2．How
did
people
react
to
the
“Smile！”
signs
later?
A．Disappointed.
B．Worried.
C．Interested.
D．Moved.
C [推理判断题。根据第二段的“Before
long，some
tourists
wanted
to
take
a
photo
with
us
and
some
strangers
stopped
to
ask
us
about
our
signs.”可知，后来，人们对标牌很感兴趣。]
3．According
to
the
last
paragraph，why
did
the
strange
helper
want
to
donate
money?
A．Because
he
felt
pity
for
the
author.
B．Because
he
wanted
to
join
in
the
project.
C．Because
he
hoped
to
help
the
homeless.
D．Because
he
felt
sorry
for
his
impoliteness.
B [细节理解题。根据最后一段的“‘Please
let
me
donate.It
will
make
me
feel
like
I'm
a
part
of
this
adventure，’he
insisted.”可知，这位男士是想参与到这项志愿活动中来。]
4．What
does
the
underlined
word
“astonished”
in
the
last
paragraph
most
probably
mean?
A．Tired.
B．Satisfied.
C．Frightened.
D．Surprised.
D [词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“It
seemed
as
if
he
had
known
somehow.”可知，作者他们一行人很“吃惊”，好像这位男士早知道他们需要80美元一样。]
B
I
was
recently
asked
what
inspires
me
most.That
was
easy
to
answer：I
live
and
breathe
track
and
field．It
is
the
only
sport
that
has
allowed
me
to
spread
my
wings
and
truly
fly.I
have
struggled
a
lot
in
my
life
after
being
diagnosed(诊断)
with
a
learning
disability
at
the
age
of
three.I
was
also
born
four
months
too
early，weighing
less
than
four
pounds.Even
at
17，I'm
still
working
to
catch
up.Mentally
I'm
on
the
level
of
a
12?year?old.I
had
to
repeat
the
third
and
fifth
grade，which
caused
me
a
lot
of
stress
and
embarrassment.
I
was
joked
so
much
that
I
would
often
hide
in
the
bathroom
instead
of
going
to
class.My
parents
always
gave
me
lots
of
love
and
support，but
I
still
felt
worthless
most
of
the
time.I'm
also
quite
shy，so
making
and
keeping
friends
has
always
been
a
challenge.
Then
one
day
when
I
was
12，my
life
changed
forever.My
parents
decided
my
younger
brother
and
I
should
try
track.From
that
moment
on
my
life
was
different.I
was
a
natural
mid?distance
runner.When
I
was
on
the
track，the
other
kids
just
saw
me
and
my
speed.No
one
saw
my
learning
disability.For
the
first
time
in
my
life
I
felt
normal.
When
I
entered
high
school，I
joined
the
track
team
and
the
coach
quickly
saw
my
talent.I
was
selected
to
run
on
the“A”team
for
cross?county
and
the“A”team
for
indoor
and
outdoor
track.I'm
on
the
school
team
for
the
4×400?metre
and
4×800?metre
relays，and
colleges
are
even
interested
in
me!
My
cross?county
team
won
the
2011
County
and
Regional
Championship.When
I
accepted
my
award，my
mom
cried
because
she
was
so
proud
of
me，and
for
once，I
was
proud
of
myself.
Even
though
I'm
a
special?education
student，I
now
know
that
my
learning
disability
does
not
define(限定)
me.I
can
hold
my
head
up
high
because
track
has
allowed
me
to
spread
my
wings
and
truly
fly!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个在学习上有障碍的学生，但是却在田径运动中找到了自己的价值。
5．The
underlined
sentence
in
Para.1
may
mean
“________”．
A．I
can
easily
breathe
on
the
track
B．track
and
field
is
where
I
live
C．track
and
field
is
my
life
D．I
take
track
and
field
as
a
sport
C [句意理解题。根据第一段画线句子后面的“It
is
the
only
sport...wings
and
truly
fly.”可知，作者认为田径运动让他展翅翱翔，所以他视田径为生命，故选C项。]
6．What
is
the
problem
with
the
writer?
A．He
didn't
want
to
make
friends.
B．He
didn't
get
more
love
from
his
parents.
C．He
weighed
a
little
less
than
others.
D．He
had
a
poor
learning
ability.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“diagnosed(诊断)
with
a
learning
disability
at
the
age
of
three”可知，作者学习能力有问题，故选D项。]
7．The
first
time
the
writer
was
on
the
track，he
________．
A．felt
as
normal
as
others
B．was
proud
of
himself
C．was
still
a
little
shy
D．treated
himself
as
a
hero
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For
the
first
time
in
my
life
I
felt
normal.”可知选A项。]
8．The
best
title
for
the
passage
may
be
“________”．
A．Fly
in
the
Sky
B．Spread
My
Wings
C．Try
Track
Bravely
D．Be
an
Honor
Student
B [标题归纳题。作者在学习上有障碍，但是从事田径运动却如鱼得水，是一个天生的田径运动员。田径运动让作者找到了自己的价值，有了展翅飞翔的机会，故选B项。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
It's
not
easy
to
die
when
you
are
only
fifteen.Those
were
the
words
that
began
the
story
I
heard
from
Robert
White，a
North
Carolina
factory
worker.He
and
his
wife
were
visiting
their
daughter
Lee
in
the
hospital
as
they
did
every
evening.
She
knew
she
had
an
illness
that
would
not
spare
her.She
suffered
a
lot
but
never
complained.She
had
already
accepted
her
great
journey
into
the
unknown.This
particular
evening，she
suddenly
said，“I
always
dreamed
of
working
in
a
big
ocean
park
with
dolphins.I've
loved
them
since
I
was
little.I
still
dream
of
swimming
with
them，free
and
happy
in
the
open
sea.”
She'd
never
asked
for
anything，but
she
said
with
all
the
strength
she
had，“Daddy，I
want
to
swim
in
the
open
sea
among
the
dolphins
just
once.Maybe
then
I
wouldn't
be
so
scared
of
dying.”It
seemed
like
an
impossible
dream，but
she
hung
on
to
it.
Robert
and
his
family
talked
it
over
and
decided
to
do
everything
they
could.They
phoned
a
research
center
in
the
Florida
Keys.“Come
at
once，”they
said.
When
they
arrived
in
Grassy
Key，Lee
didn't
want
to
rest
for
a
minute
and
begged
her
parents
to
take
her
to
the
dolphins.Robert
took
her
out
toward
the
dolphins，Nat
and
Tursi，who
were
playing
about
thirty
feet
away
from
them.At
first
they
seemed
distracted
and
uninterested，but
when
Lee
called
them
softly
by
name，they
responded
without
hesitation.Nat
came
over
first，raised
his
head
and
gave
her
a
kiss
on
the
end
of
her
nose.Then
Tursi
came
over
happily.A
second
later
they
picked
her
up
with
their
mighty
fins
(鳍)
and
carried
her
out
to
sea
with
them.“It
feels
like
I'm
flying！”cried
Lee，laughing
with
delight.
Lee's
family
hadn't
heard
her
laugh
like
that
since
she
became
ill.The
dolphins
stayed
with
Lee
for
more
than
an
hour，always
tender，always
attentive，and
always
responsive
to
her
wishes.
Paragraph
1：
Maybe
it's
true
that
they
are
more
intelligent
and
sensitive
creatures
than
man._________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2：
The
next
day
she
was
too
weak
to
get
out
of
bed，but
she
whispered
to
her
father._______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Paragraph
1：
Maybe
it's
true
that
they
are
more
intelligent
and
sensitive
creatures
than
man.Those
amazing
dolphins
understood
that
Lee
was
dying
and
wanted
to
comfort
her
as
she
faced
her
great
journey
into
the
unknown.From
the
moment
when
the
dolphins
approached
her，greeting
her
with
a
kiss，they
never
left
her
alone
for
a
second.They
swam
with
her
and
played
with
her.In
their
company，Lee
found
again
the
enthusiasm
and
the
will
to
live.When
she
got
out
of
the
water，it
was
as
if
she
had
been
reborn.
Paragraph
2：
The
next
day
she
was
too
weak
to
get
out
of
bed，but
she
whispered
to
her
father.“Daddy，don't
be
sad
for
me.I
will
never
be
afraid
again.It
is
not
easy
to
face
death
alone
when
I
am
only
fifteen，but
the
dolphins
have
made
me
understand
that
I
have
nothing
to
be
scared
of.”She
had
no
strength
to
talk
more.Just
before
dawn，Robert's
little
girl
died
in
his
arms，leaving
great
sorrow
for
her
family.
6/6过去分词作定语
[观察例句]
1．In
1988
Winton's
wife
found
a
forgotten
journal
at
home.
2．She
always
wears
faded
blue
jeans.
3．He
is
fond
of
the
food
cooked
by
his
mother.
4．This
is
the
house
built
last
year.
[归纳用法]
一、过去分词(短语)作定语的两种位置
1．前置
单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前(如例1－2)。
2．后置
过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后(如例3－4)。
二、过去分词作定语的意义
1．及物动词的过去分词通常既表示被动又表示完成。如例1中的a
forgotten
journal＝a
journal
that
had
been
forgotten。
2．不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成。如例2中的faded
blue
jeans＝blue
jeans
that
have
faded。
3．某些带有持续意义的及物动词，如honour，love，respect，speak等，其过去分词往往只有被动意义。
What
is
the
language
spoken(＝that
is
spoken)
in
Australia?
[名师点津]
不少位于名词前酷似过去分词的词，实则是形容词。这类词有两个特点：
1．词汇意义无改变
a
retired
teacher一位退休教师
a
fallen
tree一棵倒下的树
2．词汇意义有改变
a
used
car二手轿车
a
given
time规定的时间
三、不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别
不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。
Suddenly
a
good
idea
occurred
to
her，but
she
couldn't
find
any
paper
to
write
it
on.
突然她想到了一个好主意，
但是她找不到纸写下来。
There
are
many
serious
health
problems
associated
with
smoking.有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。
Last
night，there
were
millions
of
people
watching
the
opening
ceremony
live
on
TV.
昨天晚上，
有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。
We
must
keep
a
secret
of
the
things
being
discussed
here.
我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。
[即时训练] 完成句子
①他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
He
rushed
into
the
burning
house．
②这个男孩总是第一个来到教室。
The
boy
is
always
the
first
to
come
to
the
classroom．
③它们都是10年前栽种的树。
They
are
trees
planted
ten
years
ago．
④昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的客人是谁呀？
Who
were
the
guests
invited
to
your
party
last
night?
⑤他每天早上起床后喝一杯开水。
He
has
a
glass
of
boiled
water
after
he
gets
up
every
morning.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
first
textbook
written(write)
for
teaching
English
as
a
foreign
language
came
out
in
the
16th
century.
2．What
is
the
language
spoken
(speak)
in
such
a
distant
mountain
village?
3．Thousands
of
products
made
(make)
from
coal
are
now
in
daily
use.
4．They
had
beef
and
smoked(smoke)
fish
for
supper.
5．The
leaves
buried
(bury)
in
the
earth
every
year
make
the
soil
richer
and
richer.
6．The
trees
blown
(blow)
down
in
the
storm
have
been
moved
off
the
road.
7．His
nephew，lost
(lose)
at
sea
when
he
was
fifteen，had
been
his
only
relative.
8．Mary
is
a
new
nurse
and
her
job
is
to
take
care
of
the
wounded
(wound)
soldiers.
9．The
meeting
held
(hold)
yesterday
aimed
to
deal
with
the
problems
linked
to
teenagers'
mental
health.
10．He
left
the
broken(break)
dishes
lying
on
the
floor
and
went
out
to
play.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
It
is
said
that
a
course
1.offered(offer)
at
a
university
in
East
China
will
give
the
mark
2.linked
(link)
to
the
weight
loss
in
order
to
limit
student
obesity(肥胖)．
The
course
3.aimed
(aim)
to
encourage
students
to
control
their
diets
is
from
Zhou
Quanfu，a
teacher
at
Nanjing
Agricultural
University
and
it
also
has
the
purpose
of
increasing
4.their
(they)
exercise.Zhou
said
60
percent
of
a
student's
grade
will
5.be
determined
(determine)
by
their
weight
loss.If
they
manage
to
reduce
7
percent
of
their
6.original
(origin)weight，they
can
pass
the
course.One
student，7.who
declined
to
give
her
real
name
said
that
the
students
ran
on
treadmill
(跑步机)
in
the
school's
fitness
room
and
walked
10
kilometres
every
Monday
8.and
Friday
evening.Every
Wednesday
afternoon，they
will
have
a
mountain?climbing
trip
9.
led
(lead)
by
the
teacher.The
students
use
mobile
apps
to
record
daily
food
intake.Before
eating
they
send
photos
10.of
their
food
via
the
app
for
suggestions
from
nutritionists.
1/3课时分层作业(四)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据首字母或汉语提示完成句子。
1．He
made
a
very
positive
contribution
to
the
success
of
the
project.
2．The
money
will
go
to
the
San
Franciso
AIDS
Foundation．
3．To
help
solve
the
problem
we
should
recycle
waste
water.
4．There
is
a
fountain
in
front
of
the
hotel.
5．The
internal
motivation
from
our
mind
is
pushing
us
to
work
hard.
6．There
is
no
shortage(缺乏)of
things
to
do
in
the
town.
7．The
drug
gives
some
relief(减轻)from
pain.
8．Aspirin
is
a
simple
but
highly
effective(有效的)treatment.
9．Nowadays
more
and
more
farmers
go
to
cities
to
earn(挣)money.
10．Will
time
travel
ever
become
a
reality(现实)?
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
For
her
ninth
birthday，Marielle
Mauri
asked
for
some
unusual
birthday
gifts：soap，shampoo，paper
towels，cups，and
so
on.But
Marielle
didn't
want
these
presents
for
herself.She
wanted
to
give
them
to
other
people.
At
school，Marielle's
teacher
taught，“You
can't
always
be
self?centered.You
have
to
be
other?centered.”Marielle's
class
had
helped
collect
supplies
for
a
school
in
Nigeria.But
Marielle
wanted
to
do
more.
With
help
from
her
parents，Marielle
researched
local
charities
and
found
a
shelter
that
helps
women
and
children
in
need.After
finding
out
what
supplies
the
shelter
needed，Marielle
included
a
list
with
each
party
invitation.Her
friends
brought
shelter
supplies
instead
of
birthday
presents
to
Marielle's
party.People
who
couldn't
come
to
her
party
still
gave
gifts，as
did
her
school.She
had
so
many
gifts
that
they
filled
her
family's
truck！“It
was
like
we
were
going
on
vacation，”Marielle
said
with
a
smile.“I
couldn't
even
put
my
bag
in
there.”
She
said
it
was
fun
to
watch
the
number
of
donations
grow.In
the
end，she
collected
$650
in
cash
donations
and
more
than
$1，000
worth
of
supplies
for
the
shelter.
When
Marielle
went
with
her
parents
to
drop
off
the
supplies，people
at
the
shelter
surprised
her
with
another
birthday
party.They
had
made
her
a
cake
and
gave
her
a
card
signed
by
everyone
at
the
shelter.
Marielle
hopes
other
children
will
hear
about
her
special
birthday
and
choose
their
own
charity
to
support.“I
felt
really
good
when
I
did
it，”
she
said.“You're
not
just
giving
them
something；you're
helping
them
with
their
whole
life.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Marielle为了帮助收容所的妇女、儿童，不接收生日礼物，而是在生日请帖上附上他们所需的生活必需品清单，之后将自己收到的物品送给他们。
1．Why
did
Marielle
ask
for
many
unusual
birthday
gifts?
A．To
satisfy
her
own
need.
B．To
show
off
to
her
friends.
C．To
help
a
school
in
Nigeria.
D．To
support
people
in
need.
D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“She
wanted
to
give
them
to
other
people.”可知，Marielle想将这些特殊的礼物送给需要帮助的人。]
2．For
Marielle's
ninth
birthday，________．
A．she
invited
few
people
B．she
collected
a
lot
of
supplies
C．her
friends
held
a
party
for
her
D．she
went
on
vacation
with
her
parents
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“she
collected
$650
in
cash
donations
and
more
than
$1，000
worth
of
supplies
for
the
shelter”可知，Marielle收集到许多生活必需品。]
3．What
happened
to
Marielle
at
the
shelter?
A．She
got
a
lot
of
cards.
B．She
made
herself
a
big
cake.
C．She
gave
her
parents
a
great
gift.
D．She
was
surprised
by
a
birthday
party.
D [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“people
at
the
shelter
surprised
her
with
another
birthday
party”可知，在收容所人们给Marielle举办了一个意外的生日派对。]
4．What's
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A．A
Happy
Birthday
for
All
B．Poor
Life
at
the
Shelter
C．Marielle's
Big
Dream
D．Unusual
Supplies
A [标题归纳题。根据文中Marielle帮助他人的同时自己也收获意外惊喜的生日派对可知，A项符合作标题。]
B
It
was
a
winter
morning，just
a
couple
of
weeks
before
the
New
Year.While
most
people
were
warming
up
their
cars，Trevor，my
husband，had
to
get
up
early
to
ride
his
bike
four
kilometres
away
from
home
to
work.On
arrival
he
parked
his
bike
outside
the
back
door
as
he
usually
does.After
putting
in
10
hours
of
labour，he
returned
to
find
his
bike
gone.
The
bike，a
black
Kona
18
speed，was
our
only
transport.Trevor
used
it
to
get
to
work，putting
in
60?hour
weeks
to
support
our
young
family.And
the
bike
was
also
used
to
get
groceries，saving
us
from
having
to
walk
a
long
distance
from
where
we
live.
I
was
so
sad
that
someone
would
steal
our
bike
that
I
wrote
to
the
newspaper
and
told
them
our
story.Shortly
after
that，several
people
in
our
area
offered
to
help.One
wonderful
stranger
even
bought
a
bike，and
then
called
my
husband
to
pick
it
up.Once
again
my
husband
had
a
way
to
get
to
and
from
his
job.It
is
really
an
honour
that
a
complete
stranger
would
go
out
of
his
way
for
someone
he
has
never
met
before.
People
say
that
a
smile
can
be
passed
from
one
person
to
another，but
acts
of
kindness
from
strangers
are
even
more
so.This
experience
has
had
an
amazing
effect
on
our
lives
because
it
strengthened
our
faith
in
humanity(人性)
as
a
whole.And
it
has
influenced
us
to
be
more
mindful
of
ways
we
can
share
with
others.No
matter
how
big
or
how
small，an
act
of
kindness
shows
that
someone
cares.And
the
results
can
be
everlasting.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文描述了作者因家中的自行车被偷而得到了很多人无私帮助的经历。
5．Why
was
the
bike
so
important
to
the
couple?
A．The
man's
job
was
bike
racing.
B．It
was
their
only
possession(财产)．
C．It
was
a
nice
Kona
18
speed.
D．They
used
it
for
work
and
daily
life.
D [推理判断题。根据第二段的“Trevor
used
it
to
get
to
work，putting
in
60?hour
weeks
to
support
our
young
family.And
the
bike
was
also
used
to
get
groceries，saving
us
from
having
to
walk
a
long
distance
from
where
we
live.”说明这辆自行车对作者家的日常生活很重要，故D项正确。]
6．We
can
infer
from
the
text
that________．
A．the
couple
worked
60
hours
a
week
B．people
were
busy
before
the
New
Year
C．life
was
hard
for
the
young
family
D．the
stranger
brought
over
the
bike
C [推理判断题。根据第一段中“...Trevor，my
husband，had
to
get
up
early
to
ride
his
bike
four
kilometres
away
from
home
to
work.”及第二段中“Trevor
used
it
to
get
to
work，putting
in
60?hour
weeks
to
support
our
young
family.”可知作者家的经济情况很不好，丈夫工作也很辛苦，故C项正确。]
7．How
did
people
get
to
know
the
couple's
problem?
A．From
radio
broadcasts.
B．From
a
newspaper.
C．From
TV
news.
D．From
a
stranger.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中“I
was
so
sad
that
someone
would
steal
our
bike
that
I
wrote
to
the
newspaper
and
told
them
our
story.”可知作者给报社写了信，人们是通过报纸知道他们的故事的，故B项正确。]
8．What
do
the
couple
learn
from
their
experience?
A．Strangers
are
usually
of
little
help.
B．One
should
take
care
of
his
bike.
C．News
reports
make
people
famous.
D．An
act
of
kindness
can
mean
a
lot.
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“People
say
that
a
smile
can
be
passed
from
one
person
to
another，but
acts
of
kindness
from
strangers
are
even
more
so.”可知我们一个小小的善意的行为对别人来说可能会有很大的意义，故D项正确。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
People
need
homes：children
assume
their
parents'
place
as
home；boarders
call
school
“home”
on
weekdays；married
couples
work
together
to
build
new
homes；and
travelers
have
no
place
to
call
“home”，
at
least
for
a
few
nights.
1
？
Don't
they
have
the
right
to
a
home?
Of
course
they
do.
Some
regular
travelers
take
their
own
belongings：like
bed
sheets，pillowcases
and
family
photos
to
make
them
feel
like
home
no
matter
where
they
are；some
stay
for
long
periods
in
the
same
hotel
and
as
a
result
they
become
very
familiar
with
service
and
attendants；others
may
simply
put
some
flowers
by
the
hotel
window
to
make
things
more
homely.
2
！
And
how
about
maintaining
relationships
while
in
transit?
3
；
some
send
letters
and
postcards，or
even
photos；others
may
just
call
and
say
hi，just
to
let
their
friends
know
that
they're
still
alive
and
well.
4
．Making
friends
on
the
way
helps
travelers
feel
more
or
less
at
home.Backpackers
in
youth
hostels
may
become
very
good
friends，even
closer
than
siblings.
Nowadays，fewer
people
are
working
in
their
local
towns，so
how
do
they
develop
a
sense
of
belonging？
5
.Wherever
we
are，with
just
a
little
bit
of
effort
and
imagination，we
can
make
the
place
we
stay
“home”．
A．Home
is
the
harbor
for
travelers
B．People
find
ways
to
keep
in
touch
C．Do
all
people
have
a
comfortable
home
D．Some
keep
contact
with
their
friends
via
the
Internet
E．So
how
about
people
who
have
to
travel
for
extended
periods
of
time
F．Whenever
we
step
out
of
our
local
boundaries，there
is
always
another
“home”
waiting
to
be
found
G．Furthermore，driving
a
camping
car
during
one's
travels
and
sleeping
in
the
vehicle
at
night
is
just
like
being
at
home
【语篇解读】 本文为夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了在旅者如何在行走中找到归属感，也能拥有家的感觉。
1．E [E项意为“所以对于那些长时间旅行在外的人怎么办，”引出下文设问句“难道他们没有权利去有一个家么。”衔接合理。]
2．G [G项承接上文“一些人只是在酒店的窗台摆放一些花营造出家的氛围”。本段主要列举了一些旅行者对家的不同理解。]
3．D [D项意为“有些人通过网络来和朋友保持联系，”引出下文“有些通过寄信、明信片甚至照片来保持联系”。]
4．B [B项总结上文中保持联系的方式。]
5．F [F项意为“当我们走出自己的生活圈，总会有另一个家等着我们去发现”，引出下文“无论我们在哪，只要一点努力和想象力，我们就能把那个地方变成家”。]
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