1．initial
adj.开始的，最初的→
initially
adv.最初，首先；开头→initiative
n．首创精神；倡议
2．confirm
v．证实，证明
→confirmation
n．确认；证实；证明
3．crowd
n．人群→
crowded
adj.拥挤的；塞满的
4．attempt
n．努力，尝试vt.企图，试图；尝试→attempted
adj.企图的；未遂的
5．fail
v．失败→failure
n．失败
6．psychology
n．心理学→psychologist
n．心理学家
1．up
to达到(某数量、程度等)；直到；能胜任；正在干……，从事着(尤指坏事)
①I
can
take
up
to
four
people
in
my
car.
多达
②I
don't
feel
up
to
the
task.
胜任
③Up
to
yesterday，I
thought
he
was
single.
直到
④It's
up
to
you
to
decide
whether
to
go
or
to
stay.
由……决定
2．figure
out
想出，
理解；
弄明白，
看透；计算出
①I
can't
figure
out
what
he
was
hinting
at.
看透
②Please
figure
out
the
total
cost.
计算出
③Could
you
help
me
figure
out
this
problem?
解决
④I
didn't
figure
out
how
to
do
it.
想出
⑤I
simply
couldn't
figure
out
his
intention.
弄明白
Words
and
Phrases
thus
adv.因此，从而
(教材P49) Christopher
Columbus(1451－1506)was
an
Italian
explorer
who
completed
journeys
between
Spain
and
the
Americas，thus
marking
the
beginning
of
European
exploration
of
the
Americas.
克里斯托弗·哥伦布(1451－1506)是一位意大利探险家，他完成了西班牙和美洲之间的旅程，从而标志着欧洲探索美洲的开始。
[例1] The
universities
have
expanded，thus
allowing
many
more
people
the
chance
of
higher
education.
大学扩招了，这样就使更多人能有机会接受高等教育。
[例2] We
do
not
own
the
building.Thus，it
would
be
impossible
for
us
to
make
any
major
changes
to
it.
我们不是这栋楼房的房主，因此不能对它进行大改动。
[造句] 老年人常常想方设法省钱吃饭，结果损害了他们的健康。
Old
people
often
try
to
save
money
to
eat，thus
endangering
their
health.
[知识拓展]
therefore
adv.
因此；所以
so
conj.
因此；所以
as
a
result
结果；因此
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They
never
change
and
thus/therefore
I
can
trust
them.
②He
lost
his
health，and
therefore
his
difficulties
increased.
confirm
v．证实，证明
(教材P50) The
first
people
confirmed
to
have
reached
the
top
were
Edmund
Hillary
and
Tenzing
Norgay
in
1953.
第一批被证实登上顶峰的人是1953年的埃德蒙·希拉里和丹增·诺盖。
[例1]
Rumours
of
job
losses
were
later
confirmed.
裁员的传言后来得到了证实。
[例2] His
guilty
expression
confirmed
my
doubt.
他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。
[造句] 你能证实一下接下来发生了什么事吗？
Can
you
confirm
what
happened
next?
[知识拓展]
confirmation
n．
证实，证明；确认函
confirmed
adj.
成习惯的，根深蒂固的，坚定的
confirm
to
have
done
sth.
确认已完成某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
am
confirmed
(confirm)
in
my
opinions
by
what
you
told
me.
②I'm
still
waiting
for
confirmation
(confirm)
of
the
test
results.
(be)similar
to
与……相似
(教材P51) In
2011，words
similar
to
those
of
Mallory
were
spoken
by
American
mountain
climber
Alan
Arnette，who
climbed
Qomolangma
in
that
year
and
was
going
to
climb
other
high
mountains
around
the
world.
2011年，美国登山运动员艾伦·阿内特(Alan
Arnette)说了类似于马洛里的一些话。当年，阿内特登上了珠穆朗玛峰，并打算登上世界各地的其他高山。
[例1] My
opinions
are
similar
to
his.
我的看法跟他的相似。
[例2] She
has
a
dictionary
similar
to
mine.
她有一本和我的类似的词典。
[造句] 玛丽的帽子和简的差不多。
Mary's
hat
is
similar
to
Jane's.
[知识拓展]
be
similar
in
在……方面相似，和……差不多
similarly
adv.
相似地；类似地
similarity
n.
相似；类似
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
two
cars
are
very
similar
in
size
and
design.
②My
teaching
style
is
similar
to
that
of
most
other
teachers.
bring...into
focus
使……成为焦点
(教材P51) It
brings
into
focus
what's
important
to
you.
它会让你关注对你来说重要的事情。
[例1] This
will
broaden
your
horizons
and
bring
new
ideas
and
opportunities
into
focus.
这会开阔你的视野，为你关注的事物带来新的想法与机会。
[例2] We
touched
on
too
many
topics，so
the
group
leader
brought
all
of
them
into
focus
by
summarizing.
我们谈及了许多话题，因此组长通过总结把所有讨论的问题谈清楚了。
[造句] 新经理组织能力太强了，很快就把主要问题搞清楚并且解决好。
The
new
manager
was
so
well?organized
that
he
brought
the
problems
into
focus
and
solve
them
soon.
[知识拓展]
focus
n．
焦点；集中点；焦距；中心v.(使)集中；聚集
focus
sth.on
集中某物于/把某物对准……
focus
one's
attention/mind/energy
on
集中注意力/心思/精力于
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Having
focused(focus)
his
attention
on
urgent
problems，he
hardly
has
time
to
play
games
with
you.
②With
the
development
of
society，the
focus
of
public
attention
has
changed(change)，too.
figure
out弄明白
(教材P51) It
forces
you
to
look
deep
inside
yourself
and
figure
out
if
you
really
have
the
physical，as
well
as
mental，toughness
to
push
when
you
want
to
stop.
它迫使你审视自己的内心深处，弄清楚自己是否真的有足够的体力和脑力，当你想停下来的时候去推动它。
[例1] I
can't
figure
out
what
he
is
talking
about.
我真搞不懂他在讲什么。
[例2] No
one
could
figure
out
where
the
gas
came
from
in
his
magic.
没人能搞懂他魔术中的气体来自哪里。
[造句] 小男孩似乎弄明白了老师正在讲解的题目。
The
little
boy
seems
to
have
figured
out
what
the
teacher
is
explaining.
[知识拓展]
figure
n．
数字；图形；人物；身材；体形；人影
v．计算；想；估计；认为
keep
one's
figure
保持(优美的)身材
figure
on
期待，
指望，
依赖
figure
that
认为，
认定
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There
are
many
stone
figures
(figure)
along
the
two
sides
of
the
road.
②You
can
figure
on
him
showing
(show)
up
in
the
party
on
time.
[小片段填空]
As
an
important
figure
of
the
company，Sue
tried
to
figure
out
how
to
announce
that
the
company
had
earned
less
than
6
figures
that
year.And
most
importantly
she
figured
that
few
people
was
likely
to
believe
her.
作为公司的重要人物，苏设法想出如何公布公司去年收益不到六位数的消息。最重要的是，她认为很少有人会相信她。
attempt
vt.企图，尝试n.努力，尝试
(教材P51) With
the
majority
of
attempts
to
climb
Qomolangma
resulting
either
in
total
success
or
failure，is
there
also
a
scientific
reason
behind
this
risk?taking?
大多数登珠峰的尝试要么完全成功，要么彻底失败，那么在这种冒险行为背后是否也有科学依据呢？
[例1] In
an
attempt
to
attract
more
customers，they
took
a
variety
of
measures.
为了吸引更多顾客，他们采取了各种措施。
[例2] The
two
friends
made
an
unsuccessful
attempt
at
a
compromise.
这两个朋友试图和解但未成功。
[造句] 为削减费用，关闭了两家工厂。
Two
factories
were
closed
in
an
attempt
to
cut
costs.
[知识拓展]
attempt
at
doing
sth./to
do
sth.
尝试或努力做某事
make
an
attempt
at
doing/to
do
sth.
尝试或努力做某事
at
one's/the
first
attempt
第一次尝试
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There's
no
point
in
attempting
to
present(present)
your
idea
to
him—he'll
never
listen.
②He
made
an
attempt
to
pass(pass)
the
2019
College
Entrance
Examination，but
he
didn't
succeed
in
the
end.
(教材P51) He
refers
to
the
personalities
of
these
people
as“Type
T”，with
the“T”standing
for“thrill”．他把这些人的性格称为T型，T代表“惊险刺激”。
(1)refer
to...as把……称之为
[例1] I
always
refer
to
him
as
a
bookworm.
我总是称他为书呆子。
[例2] People
who
work
in
offices
are
usually
referred
to
as“white
collar
workers”．
那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领工人”。
[造句] 她总是称汤姆为“那个好人”。
She
always
refers
to
Tom
as
“that
nice
man”．
[知识拓展]
refer
to
sb.
指的是某人；提及某人
refer
to
sth.
参考；查阅；提及
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Students
are
asked
to
complete
the
exercise
without
referring
(refer)
to
any
materials.
②If
you
don't
know
what
this
word
means，refer
(refer)
to
the
dictionary.
[小片段填空]
In
his
speech，he
didn't
refer
to
the
pollution
of
the
company
at
all.Although
his
secretary
prepared
enough
related
information
about
it
for
him，he
didn't
refer
to
any.He
was
referred
to
as
an
irresponsible
leader
by
his
colleagues.
在他的演讲中，他一点儿也没有提及公司的污染问题。尽管秘书为他准备了这方面足够多的材料，但是他一点也没有参照。他被同事称为一个不负责任的领导。
(2)stand
for代表；主张
[例1]
It's
well
known
that
the
olive
branch
stands
for
peace.众所周知，橄榄枝代表和平。
[例2] We
Chinese
stand
for
peace
and
wish
to
settle
all
disputes
by
peaceful
means.
我们中国人民是主张和平的，希望用和平方式解决争端。
[造句] PRC代表中华人民共和国。
PRC
stands
for
People's
Republic
of
China.
[知识拓展]
stand
by
站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持
stand
out
显著；突出
stand
up
站立；站起来
can't
stand
sth./doing
sth.
不能忍受(做)某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①How
can
you
stand
by
and
do
nothing
when
she
needs
help?
②I
can't
stand
seeing
(see)
children
smoking
anywhere
at
any
time.
Sentence
Patterns
It
is
＋
过去分词
＋从句
(教材P51) It
is
still
not
known
if
he
succeeded
in
reaching
the
top
of
Qomolangma
before
it
took
his
life.
目前还不清楚他是否在丢掉性命之前成功登上珠峰峰顶。
句式分析：该句中it是形式主语，后面的if引导的从句是真正的主语。而且此处的it不可用其他词如this，that等来代替。在英语中，只有it可作形式主语。
[例1] It
is
not
known
if
he
is
fit
for
the
job.
还不清楚他是否适合这份工作。
[例2] It
is
widely
known
that
seven
people
were
killed
in
the
accident.
人们都知道这场事故中有七人丧生。
[造句] 大家都知道中国姓放在名字前面。
It
is
known
that
family
names
come
before
the
first
name
in
China.
[知识拓展]
(1)句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that”中常用的过去分词有：said，reported，considered，believed，hoped，suggested，estimated，admitted等。
(2)下列三种句型可以相互转换
It＋be＋过去分词＋that
→People
say/think...＋that...
→Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式
[翻译]
①It
is
generally
agreed
that
he
is
one
of
the
most
famous
writers
in
our
country.(大家普遍认为)
②It
was
reported
that
he
had
won
the
game
at
his
first
international
competition.(据报道)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's
often
said
that
we
are
living
(live)
in
an
age
of
information
explosion.
②We
are
said
to
be
living
(live)in
an
age
of
information
explosion.
either...or...要么……要么……
(教材P51) With
the
majority
of
attempts
to
climb
Qomolangma
resulting
either
in
total
success
or
failure，is
there
also
a
scientific
reason
behind
this
risk?taking?
大多数登珠峰的尝试要么完全成功，要么彻底失败，在这种冒险行为背后是否也有科学依据呢？
句式分析：本句中either...or...是连接词，意为“或者……或者……；不是……就是……”。在这里连接两个宾语。
[例1] I'm
going
to
major
either
maths
or
biology
in
university，as
both
are
my
favorite
subjects.
在大学里我打算要么学数学，要么学生物，因为这两个都是我最喜欢的科目。
[例2] You
either
go
or
stay.Don't
just
wander
here
doing
nothing.
你要么走，要么留。不要在这儿走来走去无所事事。
[造句] 我们要么选张伟做我们远足的队长，要么选刘迪。
We
will
elect
Zhang
Wei
or
Liu
Di
as
our
captain
of
going
outing.
[知识拓展]
either...or...主要用于表示选择，其意为“要么……要么……”“或者……或者……”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语；连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致。除可连接两个词或短语外，有时也可连接两个句子。其否定式可以是not
either...or...，也可以是neither...nor...。
[翻译]
①He
neither
knows
nor
cares
what
happened.(既不知道也不关心)
②Neither
the
teacher
nor
the
students
are
going
to
Huangshan.(老师和学生都不)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Either
you
or
I
am
(be)
wrong.It
is
impossible
that
we
are
both
right.
②One
will
get
ill，either
because
he
doesn't
take
enough
exercise，or
because
he
doesn't
have
a
healthy
diet.
1．(教材P50) For
these
people，climbing
Qomolangma
is
an
experience
like
no
other，making
some
feel
weak
and
others，powerful.
[分析] 此句是一个主系表结构的简单句。Climbing
Qomolangma是动名词短语作句子的主语。like
no
other是介词短语意思是“与众不同”。making
some
feel
weak
and
others，powerful是动名词短语作定语修饰表语an
experience，结构为：make
sb.do
sth.，and
后面为省略结构，原句应该为making
others
feel
powerful。
[译文] 对于这些人来说，登珠峰是一种与众不同的体验，能让一些人感到虚弱，让另一些人感到强大。
2．(教材P51) Psychologist
Frank
Farley
has
spent
years
studying
people
who
jump
out
of
planes
and
drive
fast
cars，as
well
as
those
who
climb
Qomolangma.
[分析] 此句是一个主从复合句。主句是主谓宾结构的句子。其中spend
time
doing
sth.后面的宾语people后面有两个who引导的定语从句；as
well
as连接两个定语从句。
[译文] 心理学家弗兰克·法利用多年的时间研究那些高空跳伞以及开快车的人，以及那些登珠峰的人。
教材
高考
1.With
the
majority
of
attempts
to
climb
Qomolangma
resulting
either
in
total
success
or
failure，is
there
also
a
scientific
reason
behind
this
risk?taking？
(2017·江苏卷)A
quick
review
of
successes
and
failures
at
the
end
of
year
will
help
shape
your
year
ahead.
2.He
refers
to
the
personalities
of
these
people
as
“Type
T”，with
the
“T”
standing
for“thrill”．
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Wang
Shu，a
49?year?old
Chinese
architect，won
the
2012
Pritzker
Architecture
Prize—which
is
often
referred
to
as
the
Nobel
Prize
in
architecture—on
February
28.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
girl
won
the
game
at
her
first
(one)
attempt
in
the
national
competition.
2．I
could
hear
them
talking
but
I
couldn't
figure
out
what
they
were
saying.
3．I
like
English
and
thus
I
chose
English
as
my
major
in
the
college.
4．I'm
going
to
buy
either
a
camera
or
a
CD
player
with
the
money.
5．Would
you
like
to
know
what
the
stars
on
the
national
flag
stand
for?
6．Those
referred(refer)to
as
heroes
are
the
common
people
around
us.
7．The
result
of
the
exam
confirmed
(confirm)
our
judgement
before.
8．We
can
only
attract
someone
similar
to
ourselves
(us)in
character
and
personality.
9．The
explosion
brought
the
school
bus
safety
into
focus
of
the
school's
daily
work.
10．It
is
generally
believed
that
we
should
make
it
clear
if
we
have
the
potential
to
do
better
what
we
are
doing.
Ⅱ.短语填空
open
up；bring...into
focus；result
in；be
connected
to；refer
to...
as；stand
for；figure
out；focus
on；take
risk；benefit
from
1．Our
flag
stands
for
our
country.
2．People
who
like
taking
risks
are
adventurous
and
daring
to
do
almost
everything.
3．The
latest
news
brings
Sun
Yang
into
focus
but
he
makes
no
comment.
4．You
really
have
to
figure
out
what
you
are
good
at
and
try
to
achieve
it.
5．Many
countries
have
benefited
from
the
The
Belt
and
Road
Initiative.
6．The
new
project
opens
up
a
new
road
to
cooperate
with
different
business
partners.
7．The
failure
of
Chinese
Basketball
team
resulted
in
the
loss
of
the
chance
to
the
Olympic
Games.
8．We
Chinese
people
refer
to
our
language
as
Han，which
we
are
all
proud
of.
9．If
you
want
to
achieve
your
goal，you
need
to
focus
on
what
is
the
most
important.
10．Our
health
is
closely
connected
to
our
eating
habits
and
daily
lifestyle.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Last
year，hundreds
of
people
1.spent
(spend)
good
money
on
an
experience
that
they
knew
2.would
include
(include)
crowds，discomfort
and
danger.Many
would
become
sick，due
3.
to
the
extreme
cold
and
low
air
pressure,
and
a
few
would
even
lose
their
4.lives
(life)．For
those
people，5.climbing
(climb)
Qomolangma
is
an
experience
making
some
feel
powerful.For
them，6.what
they
get
from
the
adventure
is
just
sheer
joy.That
is
what
life
7.means
(mean)．It
brings
into
focus
what
is
important
to
them
and
forces
you
to
look
deep
inside
8.yourself
(you)．Psychologists
refer
to
the
personalities
of
these
people
as“Type
T”．Although
the
climbers
may
say
they
are
experts
but
are
not
taking
risks，they
don't
expect
9.to
die
(die)．Our
desire
to
seek
risks
can
be
connected
to
10.how
much
we
expect
to
benefit
from
the
result.
1/11阅读
Reading
2
的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Who
was
found
working
on
the
terrible
creature
was
a
submarine?
A．Pierre
Aronnax，the
biologist
professor.
B．Nemo
Land，the
captain.
C．Conseil，the
servant.
D．Ned
Land，the
whale
hunter.
2．Why
would
the
three
passengers
stay
in
the
submarine?
A．To
keep
the
secret.
B．To
enjoy
more
undersea
scenes.
C．To
help
the
captain
Nemo.
D．To
take
more
adventures
there.
3．Why
was
Ned
different
from
the
other
two
passengers?
A．He
enjoyed
the
adventures
most.
B．He
thought
of
running
away.
C．He
was
in
charge
of
the
submarine.
D．He
was
attacked
by
the
terrible
creature.
4．What
were
not
described
in
the
words
of
Aronnax?
A．The
solar
ray
in
the
sea.
B．The
sand
under
the
sea.
C．The
color
of
the
sea
water.
D．The
temperature
of
the
sea.
[答案] 1－4 BABD
Words
and
Phrases
charge
n．主管，负责
(教材P57) They
are
captured
and
taken
inside
the
submarine，where
they
meet
the
man
in
charge，Captain
Nemo.
他们被俘虏并被带进潜艇，在那里他们遇到了负责人尼莫船长。
[例1] She
has
charge
of
the
day?to?day
running
of
the
business.
她负责掌管日常业务。
[例2] They
left
the
old
couple
in
charge
of
the
children
for
a
week.
他们把孩子留给这对老夫妇照料一周。
[造句] 他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。
He
was
in
charge
of
the
farm
after
his
father's
death.
[知识拓展]
in
charge
of
负责
in
the
charge
of
sb.＝in
sb.'s
charge
由某人负责
take
charge
of
负责
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①An
experienced
mechanic
is
in
charge
of
the
management
of
the
workroom.
②In
the
absence
of
the
manager，I
shall
be
in
charge
of
the
company.
permit
v．允许，准许，许可
(教材P57) In
order
to
keep
this
secret，Captain
Nemo
tells
his
three
newest
passengers
that
they
are
not
permitted
to
leave
the
submarine.
为了保守他的秘密尼莫船长告知他的三个新访客，不许离开潜水艇。
[例1] There
is
a
wide
road
leading
through
the
park，but
nobody
is
permitted
to
walk
on
the
road.
有一条宽阔的道路穿过这个公园，但不允许任何人在路上走。
[例2] They
were
taken
to
the
police
station
as
they
had
entered
the
area
without
being
permitted.
他们被带到派出所，因为未经允许他们进入了该区域。
[造句] 没有大人的陪同，孩子不允许进入电影院。
Children
are
not
permitted
to
enter
the
cinema
without
their
parents.
[知识拓展]
permit
doing
sth.
允许做某事
permit
sb.to
do
sth.
允许某人做某事
permit
n.
许可证
permission
n.
允许；许可
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
party
will
be
held
in
the
garden，weather
permitting
(permit)．
②If
you
want
to
leave
the
classroom，you
should
ask
for
the
teacher's
permission
(permit)．
[小片段填空]
Her
father
would
not
permit
her
to
drive
alone
even
though
she
had
got
her
driving
permit．Without
her
father's
permission，she
had
no
choice
but
to
go
out
by
bus
or
on
a
bike.
她父亲不允许她单独驾车，即使她已经取得了驾照。没有她父亲的允许，她别无选择只好坐公交出门或者骑自行车。
leave
an
impression
upon
sb.给某人留下印象
(教材P57) And
now，how
can
I
look
back
upon
the
impression
left
upon
me
by
that
walk
under
the
waters？现在，我怎么回顾一下在水下行走给我留下的印象呢？
[例1] I
hope
my
son
would
leave
a
good
impression
upon
the
judges.
我希望我的儿子能给评委留下好的印象。
[例2] I
admit
that
it
will
leave
a
deep
impression
upon
the
audience's
mind，but
it's
too
expensive
to
make
TV
commercials.
我知道电视广告会给观众留下深刻的印象，但是电视广告太贵了。
[造句] 他在昨天会议上所说的话给我留下深刻印象。
What
he
said
at
the
meeting
yesterday
left
a
deep
impression
upon
me.
[知识拓展]
impress
vt.
使印象深刻；使……铭记
be
impressed
by/with...
为……所感动；对……有印象
impression
n.
印象
make/leave
a(n)
...impression
on/upon
sb.
给某人留下……的印象
impressive
adj.
给人印象深刻的；感人的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What
impressed
(impress)
me
most
was
his
friendly
and
enthusiastic
attitude
towards
all
the
customers.
②I
would
return
from
school
and
spend
the
expected
half
hour
recording
the
day's
events，feelings，and
impressions
(impress)
in
my
little
blue
diary.
[小片段填空]
To
leave
a
good
impression
in
the
interview，Bob
made
up
a
most
impressive
story
about
himself，which
made
the
interviewers
really
impressed．
为了在面试中留下好的印象，鲍勃编了一个令人印象深刻的关于自己的故事，这让面试官们印象深刻。
astonish
v．使吃惊，使惊讶
(教材P57) The
light，which
lit
the
soil
thirty
feet
below
the
surface
of
the
ocean，astonished
me
by
its
power.
那光照亮了海面下三十英尺的土壤，它的力量使我吃惊。
[例1] It
really
astonished
us
that
he
appeared
at
the
party.他出现在宴会上，使我们感到惊讶。
[例2] The
news
of
failure
astonished
everyone
in
the
room.失败的消息使屋里的每个人都很惊讶。
[造句] 他通过驾驶考试的消息让我们很吃惊。
The
news
that
he
passed
the
driving
test
astonished
us
all.
[知识拓展]
astonishing
adj.
人惊讶的
astonished
adj.
感到惊讶的
astonishment
n.
吃惊，惊讶
to
one's
astonishment
令某人惊讶的是
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We
were
quite
astonished
(astonish)
at
her
quick
reaction.
②To
my
astonishment(astonish)，they
should
have
finished
that
task
in
such
a
short
time.
[小片段填空]
The
astonished
look
on
his
face
told
us
that
he
felt
astonished
to
be
asked
such
a
question.To
our
great
astonishment，he
answered
the
question
and
accepted
the
challenging
position.That
was
really
astonishing．
他脸上吃惊的表情告诉我们被问到这样一个问题他很吃惊，令我们很吃惊的是，他回答了这个问题并且接受了这个具有挑战性的职位。这真是让人吃惊。
surround
vt.围绕；
环绕
(教材P57) Truly
this
water
which
surrounded
me
was
but
another
air
heavier
than
the
Earth's
atmosphere，but
almost
as
clear.
事实上，环绕我的水不过是比地球大气层重的另一种空气，但几乎同样清澈。
[例1] When
he
looked
up，he
suddenly
found
himself
surrounded
by
a
group
of
teenagers.
他抬头看时，突然发现自己被一群青少年围住。
[例2] I
came
to
realize
that
the
key
to
success
lay
in
trying
to
surround
myself
with
creative
people.
我逐渐意识到，成功的关键在于试着让自己与有创意的人为伍。
[造句] 在澳大利亚，Jennifer有一段艰难的时光去适应新的环境。
Jennifer
is
having
a
hard
time
getting
accustomed
to
new
surroundings
in
Australia.
[知识拓展]
(1)surround
sb./sth.with/by...
使某人/某物被……包围
(2)surrounding
adj.
周围的n.周围的事物；环境
(通常用复数形式)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①People
say
Chongqing
is
China's
most
beautiful
city，surrounded
(surround)
by
mountains.
②The
trees
surrounding(surround)
the
town
were
planted
by
the
soldiers
ten
years
ago.
[小片段填空]
As
a
famous
pop
star，he
loves
being
surrounded
by
so
many
fans
coming
to
visit
him
from
the
surrounding
towns.And
he
also
likes
beautiful
surroundings
with
green
trees
and
flowers，because
he
can
get
much
more
pleasure
from
nature.
作为著名的流行明星，他喜欢自己周边围绕着那么多来自周边镇上来拜访他的粉丝们。他也喜欢带有绿树红花的宜人环境，因为这样他能从大自然中获得更多的乐趣。
account
for
说明/解释……的原因；(数量上、比例上)占
(教材P57) This
dazzling
carpet，really
a
reflector，drove
away
the
rays
of
the
sun
with
wonderful
intensity，which
accounted
for
the
vibration
which
passed
through
every
atom
of
liquid.
这条耀眼的地毯，实际上是一个反射器，以惊人的强度驱走了太阳光，这正好说明了穿过每一个液体原子的振动的原因。
[例1] He
could
not
account
for
his
absence
from
school.他无法说清楚为什么旷课。
[例2] Together
they
account
for
less
than
five
percent
of
the
population.
他们总共占不到总人口的5%。
[造句]
你如何解释一连输了五场比赛呢
?
How
do
you
account
for
losing
five
games
in
a
row?
[知识拓展]
on
account
of
由于，因为
on
no
account
决不(位于句首，主句要部分倒装)
take
sth.into
account
考虑；顾及；注意
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①On
no
account
should
you
leave
the
door
unlocked.
②The
flight
was
postponed
on
account
of
bad
weather.
Sentence
Patterns
as
if
＋
从句
(教材P57) Conseil
and
I
remained
near
each
other，as
if
an
exchange
of
words
had
been
possible
through
our
metal
cases.
康赛尔和我保持着比较近的距离，仿佛通过我们的金属箱可以进行语言交流。
句式分析：as
if
引导方式状语从句，表示“好像”，也可以替换成as
though。
[例1] I
remember
the
whole
thing
as
if
it
happened
yesterday.
我记得整个事情，就好像它是发生在昨天。
[例2] The
child
talked
to
us
as
if
he
were
a
grown?up.
那个小孩跟我们讲话就像个大人一祥。
[造句] 他说起长城来好像他以前去过那里似的。
He
talked
about
the
Great
Wall
as
if
he
had
been
there
before.
[知识拓展]
(1)如果as
if引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，但如果从句的动作发生的可能性较大，就要用陈述语气。
(2)as
if引导状语从句时通常用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句谓语要用过去式；与过去事实相反，从句谓语要用had
done；与将来事实相反，从句谓语要用would/could/might
do。
(3)如果as
if
引导的从句是“主语＋系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词等成分，这样as
if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)或动词?ing形式等。
[翻译]
①It
seems
as
if
nothing
had
happened．(啥事也没发生)
②It
looks
as
if
it
will
rain
before
long．(一会儿就要下雨了)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We
have
missed
the
bus；it
looks
as
if
we
will
have(have)
to
walk.
②He
talks
as
if
he
knew
(know)
everything.
介词＋关系代词的定语从句
(教材P57) I
no
longer
felt
the
weight
of
my
clothes，or
of
my
shoes，of
my
air
supply，or
my
thick
helmet，inside
which
my
head
shook
like
a
nut
in
its
shell.
我再也感觉不到我的衣服、鞋子、空气供应的重量，也感觉不到我厚厚的头盔的重量，我的头在头盔里摇得像壳里的坚果。
句式分析：该句是复合句，其中的inside
which引导非限制性定语从句，which代指前面的helmet，其结构是“介词＋关系代词
＋从句”。
[例1] Look，there
comes
Tom，for
whom
I
have
waiting
for
an
hour.
瞧，汤姆来啦，我等他等了一个小时。
[例2] Last
week，I
visited
Shanghai，in
which
I
have
made
several
friends.
上周我参观了上海，在那儿我交了几个朋友。
[造句] 我的房子前有一棵树，鸟儿正在树上唱歌。
In
front
of
my
house，there
is
a
tree，in
which
some
birds
are
singing.
[知识拓展]
(1)介词＋
whom只能指人；介词＋
which只能指物。
(2)有时，前面的介词可移到定语从句的中间或后面，此时whom可用who，that代替；which可以用that代替。而且who，whom，which，that都可省略。
(3)当先行词是时间、地点、原因时，介词＋
which一般在定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语，介词＋
which可以分别用when，where，why代替。
[翻译]
①The
man
who
you
talked
with
just
now
is
our
manager.(你刚才与他谈话的)
②I
will
remember
the
day
forever
on
which/when
I
won
the
first
place
in
the
contest.(那一天)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
handed
me
a
pen，with
which
I
wrote
down
my
address
for
him.
②The
computer
for
which
I
paid
5，000
yuan
is
made
in
Shenzhen.
词义猜测题
提分技巧：词义猜测题是考查学生对文章的前后联系的理解。因为语言表达总是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据语言的内在逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义或大致义域。对我们猜测词义帮助最大的逻辑关系有并列关系、转折关系和因果关系等。英语中可以使用also，as...as，similarly，and，or，just
as，like等词语表示相同或者相近的意思，这种表示并列的关系中，只要我们认识其中一个单词，就可以推测出另一个单词的意思。并列、因果、递进、例证、转折或对比等逻辑关系都具有推理的必然性，因此使用逻辑关系推理的词义准确率会比较高；逻辑关系的判断需要平常多关注句式的逻辑关系，形成对逻辑关系词的敏感感知能力，快速有效地判断语句和词汇的关系和意义。
[典例] (2017·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解D节选)
...
Some
plants
pump
out
smelly
chemicals
to
keep
insects
away.But
others
do
double
duty.They
pump
out
perfumes
designed
to
attract
different
insects
who
are
natural
enemies
to
the
attackers.Once
they
arrive，the
tables
are
turned．The
attacker
who
was
lunching
now
becomes
lunch.
...
33．What
does
the
author
mean
by
“the
tables
are
turned”
in
paragraph
3?
A．The
attackers
get
attacked.
B．The
insects
gather
under
the
table.
C．The
plants
get
ready
to
fight
back.
D．The
perfumes
attract
natural
enemies.
A [本题考查对文章中一句话的理解，属于广义的词义猜测题。画线词前面的句子说明了一些植物散发出气味意在吸引不同的昆虫，这些昆虫是袭击者的天敌。在这一句后面，又使用了一句同义并列的句子来对其进行解释，根据后一句话的意思
“正在吃午餐的攻击者变成了午餐”可以知道，画线句子是指袭击者受到了它的天敌的袭击，故选A。]
[即学即练]
根据文章内容迅速判断出划线单词的含义。
You
dash
through
a
crowded
railway
station，tripping
over
bags，spilling
(泼出)
your
coffee，only
to
have
the
doors
slide
shut
in
your
face，leaving
you
breathless
on
the
platform
as
the
train
pulls
away.
But
at
least，if
you're
in
France，someone
may
be
playing
the
piano
for
you.But
it
won't
be
performed
by
a
paid
musician，or
even
a
street
entertainer
playing
for
coins.It
will
just
be
a
random
passer?by，jamming
for
the
fun
of
it
on
one
of
the
pianos
that
the
national
railroad
company，S.N.C.F.，has
fixed
in
nearly
100
stations
across
France.They
are
free
for
anyone
to
play，and
travelers
from
all
walks
of
life
have
taken
to
doing
just
that.
Gares
&
Connexions，the
S．N.C.F.division
that
manages
its
stations，rents
the
instruments
from
the
producer，Yamaha，which
maintains
(维修)
them
and
tunes
them
every
month
or
two.The
first
one
was
set
up
in
the
Gare
Montparnasse
in
Paris
in
2012.
The
music，mixed
with
the
sounds
of
shouting
passengers，screaming
trains
and
rolling
suitcases，gives
French
stations
a
special
soundscape.The
amateur
musicians
have
included
Irish
soccer
fans
and
even
babies.In
2014，Gares
&
Connexions
and
Yamaha
organized
a
nationwide
contest
called
Your
Turn
to
Play，asking
participants
to
submit
videos
of
themselves
using
one
of
the
pianos.It
drew
nearly
900
entries.
Isn't
the
railroad
company
taking
a
big
chance?
Apparently
not:
“None
of
the
instruments
has
been
vandalized
to
this
day，or
even
merely
damaged，”
said
Claire
Fournon，a
spokeswoman
for
Gares
&
Connexions.“They
are
shared
and
respected
by
all.”
So
if
you
miss
a
train
in
Paris，Bordeaux
or
Marseille
one
day，perhaps
someone
will
be
playing
a
favorite
piece
that
will
ease
your
pain.Or
perhaps
you'll
sit
down
and
play
your
annoyance
away
yourself.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“vandalized”
in
Paragraph
5
probably
mean？( )
A．Selected
carefully.
B．Checked
regularly.
C．Reserved
in
advance.
D．Destroyed
on
purpose.
D [词义猜测题。由第五段中的“They
are
shared
and
respected
by
all.”可知，这些钢琴被人们分享，受人们尊重；由or可知，
has
been
vandalized与even
merely
damaged为并列关系，由此推断，该词的意思比merely
damaged的破坏程度更为严重，故选D。vandalize
“故意破坏”。]
1/10Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.initial
A．n.刺激，惊险
( )2.zone
B．n.心理学家
( )3.border
C．n.地区，地带
( )4.psychologist
D．n.国界，边界
( )5.thrill
E．adj.开始的，最初的
[答案] 1－5 ECDBA
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.in
search
of
A．代表
( )2.open
up
B．使……成为焦点
( )3.by
way
of
C．与……相关
( )4.good
money
D．集中于
( )5.bring...
into
focus
E．开创，开启
( )6.focus
on
F．冒险
( )7.figure
out
G．导致
( )8.refer
to...as
H．从……中获益
( )9.result
in
I．弄清楚
( )10.benefit
from
J．把……称为
( )11.take
risks
K．大笔的钱
( )12.be
connected
to
L．借道；通过
( )13.stand
for
M．搜寻
[答案] 1－5 MELKB 6－10 DIJGH
11－13 FCA
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．thus
adv.
因此，从而
2．oxygen
n.
氧气
3．confirm
v.
证实，证明
4．crowd
n.
人群
5．attempt
n.
努力，尝试
6．failure
n.
失败
Ⅰ.语境填空
initial；crowds；attempt；thus；failure；oxygen；border；confirm
1．They
learned
a
lot
from
the
initial
market
testing
exercise.
2．There
is
a
national
park
on
the
border
between
Kenya
and
Tanzania.
3．He
gave
up
the
attempt
in
despair
and
left.
4．I
want
to
get
there
early
to
avoid
the
crowds．
5．So
as
for
students
like
us，we
should
have
a
good
attitude
towards
failure．
6．Oxygen
is
a
gas
that
is
necessary
for
people，animals
and
plants
to
live.
7．Can
you
confirm
what
happened
last
weekend?
8．We
don't
own
the
building
and
thus
it
would
be
impossible
for
us
to
make
any
changes
to
it.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．They
were
charged
with
attempted(attempt)
robbery.
2．I'm
still
waiting
for
confirmation(confirm)
on
the
test
results.
3．The
success
or
failure(fail)
of
the
plan
depends
on
you.
4．The
death
toll
was
initially(initial)
reported
at
around
250.
5．He
is
an
excellent
educational
psychologist(psychology)
in
our
country.
1．Last
year，hundreds
of
people
spent
good
money
on
an
experience
that
they
knew
would
include
crowds，discomfort
and
danger.
去年，许多人把大笔的钱花在一次经历上，他们知道该经历中有拥挤、不舒适和危险。
2．It
is
still
not
known
if
he
succeeded
in
reaching
the
top
of
Qomolangma
before
it
took
his
life.
目前还不清楚他是否在丢掉性命之前成功登上珠峰峰顶。
3．“There
are
a
thousand
reasons
to
turn
around
and
only
one
to
keep
going.”
“停下脚步，原路返回的理由成千上万；继续前行的理由只有一个。”
课文助读
①spend
money
on
sth.在……上花钱
②that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语
③crowd
n．人群v.拥挤
④discomfort
n．不舒服，不安
⑤would
become
sick将会生病，would
do表示过去将来时；become
sick生病
become是系动词，sick是形容词作表语
⑥due
to
由于
⑦lose
one's
life
失去某人的生命
⑧despite
prep.尽管，不管
⑨by
the
end
of到……为止
⑩were
planning
to
正在打算做……，该句时态是过去进行时。
?climbing
Qomolangma是动名词作主语
?making
some
feel
weak
让一些人感到虚弱，making
是动词?ing形式作定语修饰前面的experience，make后面复合宾语
make
sb.do
sth.让某人做某事
?others，powerful是省略成分，原句应该为making
others
powerful
?write
of
写到；文章中提及
?what引导主语从句，并且在从句中作get的宾语
?sheer
adj.纯粹的，十足的
?to
eat
and
make
money是并列状语，make前面省略掉了to
?make
money
赚钱
?be
able
to
do
有能力做某事
?what
life
means
and
what
life
is
for
两个what都引导表语从句
would
do表示过去将来时
although引导让步状语从句，通常不和and，but，so连用
It
is
still
not
known
if...该句中it是形式主语，if从句是真正的宾语
succeed
in
doing
sth.成功地做某事
take
his
life
夺走他的生命
(be)similar
to
作定语修饰words
those是代词，代指前面提到的words
who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的Alan
Arnette，补充说明这个人的情况
was
going
to
do
是过去将来时的常见形式
around
the
world全世界
bring
into
focus使……成为焦点
what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，宾语从句的位置应该在brings的后面
turn
around
转身
focus
on
集中精力于
that引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，不可省略
figure
out
弄明白，搞清楚
as
well
as
和
with的复合结构，宾语是the
majority
of
attempts
to
climb
Qomolangma，resulting
either
in
total
success
or
failure是补语
attempt
n．努力，尝试
either...or...要么……要么……
failure
n．失败，失败的人或事
scientific
adj.科学上的，与科学有关的
(be)more
likely
to
take
risks更有可能去冒险，be
likely
to
do有可能做某事；take
risks冒险
psychologist
n．心理学家
refer
to...as...把……称之为
stand
for
代表；thrill
n．惊险刺激
suggest此处意思是“表明”，that引导宾语从句
be
connected
to
与……相关
benefit
from
从……中获益
with
this
in
mind，with的复合结构，this是宾语，in
mind作补语
It
is
up
to
you.取决于你。
课文呈现
CLIMBING
QOMOLANGMA：WORTH
THE
RISKS?
1．Last
year，hundreds
of
people
spent
good
money
on
an
experience①that②
they
knew
would
include
crowds③，discomfort④
and
danger.Many
would
become
sick⑤，due
to⑥
the
extreme
cold
and
low
air
pressure，and
a
few
would
even
lose
their
lives⑦.Yet，despite⑧
all
this，by
the
end
of⑨
the
trip
many
were
already
planning
to⑩
return.For
these
people，climbing
Qomolangma?
is
an
experience
like
no
other，making
some
feel
weak?
and
others，powerful?.
2．British
mountain
climber
George
Mallory
wrote
of?
climbing
Qomolangma，“What?
we
get
from
this
adventure
is
just
sheer?
joy...We
do
not
live
to
eat
and
make
money?.We
eat
and
make
money?
to
be
able
to
enjoy
life?.That
is
what
life
means
and
what
life
is
for?.”Sadly，Mallory
would
die
on
the
mountain
in
1924，although
his
body
would
not
be
found
until
many
years
later.It
is
still
not
known
if
he
succeeded
in
reaching
the
top
of
Qomolangma
before
it
took
his
life.
3．In
2011，words
similar
to
those
of
Mallory
were
spoken
by
American
mountain
climber
Alan
Arnette，who
climbed
Qomolangma
in
that
year
and
was
going
to
climb
other
high
mountains
around
the
world.“It
brings
into
focus
what's
important
to
you.”He
added，“There
are
a
thousand
reasons
to
turn
around
and
only
one
to
keep
going.You
really
have
to
focus
on
the
one
reason
that's
most
important
and
unique
to
you.It
forces
you
to
look
deep
inside
yourself
and
figure
out
if
you
really
have
the
physical，as
well
as
mental，toughness
to
push
when
you
want
to
stop.”
4．With
the
majority
of
attempts
to
climb
Qomolangma
resulting
either
in
total
success
or
failure，is
there
also
ascientific
reason
behind
this
risk?taking？Recent
studies
indicate
that
risk?taking
may
be
part
of
human
nature，with
some
of
us
more
likely
to
take
risks
than
others.Psychologist
Frank
Farley
has
spent
years
studying
people
who
jump
out
of
planes
and
drive
fast
cars，as
well
as
those
who
climb
Qomolangma.He
refers
to
the
personalities
of
these
people
as
“Type
T”，with
the
“T”
standing
for“thrill”.
5．Speaking
to
the
LA
Times
about
the
“Type
T”personalities,
Farley
said，“They'll
say，‘I'm
not
taking
risks，I'm
an
expert...’They
don't
want
to
die
and
they
don't
expect
to
die.”
6．Research
also
suggests
that
our
desire
to
seek
risks
can
be
connected
to
how
much
we
expect
to
benefit
from
the
result.
7．With
this
in
mind，are
the
benefits
of
climbing
Qomolangma
worth
the
risks?
It's
totally
up
to
you.
译文参考
攀登珠穆朗玛峰：值得冒险吗？
1．去年，许多人把大笔的钱花在一次经历上，他们知道该经历中有拥挤、不舒适和危险。许多人会生病，由于极端寒冷和低气压，一些人甚至会失去他们的生命。然而，尽管如此，到旅行结束时，许多人已经计划返回。对于这些人来说，攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一种与众不同的体验，能让一些人感到软弱，让另一些人感到强大。
2．英国登山家乔治·马洛里在谈到攀登珠穆朗玛峰时写道：“我们从这次冒险中得到的只是纯粹的快乐……我们活着不是为了吃饭和赚钱。我们吃饭赚钱是为了享受生活。这就是生命的意义和目的所在。遗憾的是，马洛里于1924年死在了山上，虽然他的尸体直到许多年后才被找到。目前还不清楚他是否在丢掉性命之前成功登上珠峰峰顶。
3．2011年，美国登山运动员艾伦·阿内特(Alan
Arnette)说了类似于马洛里的一些话。当年，阿内特登上了珠穆朗玛峰，并打算登上世界各地的其他高山。“它会让你关注对你来说重要的事情。”他补充道。“停下脚步，原路返回的理由成千上万；继续前行的理由只有一个。”你必须专注于一个对你来说最重要、最独特的原因。它迫使你审视自己的内心深处，弄清楚自己是否真的有足够的体力和脑力，当你想停下来的时候去推动它。”
4．大多数攀登珠穆朗玛峰的尝试要么完全成功，要么彻底失败，那么在这种冒险行为背后是否也有科学依据呢？最近的研究表明冒险是人类天性的一部分，我们中的一些人比其他人更有可能去冒险。心理学家弗兰克·法利(Frank
Farley)多年来一直在研究那些跳出飞机、开快车和爬珠穆朗玛峰的人。他把这些人的性格称为“T型”，“T”代表“激动”。
5．法利在接受《洛杉矶时报》采访时谈到了“T型”人格，他说：“他们会说，‘我不是在冒险，我是专家……’他们不想死，也不期待死。”
6．研究还表明，我们寻求风险的欲望与我们期望从结果中获益的程度有关。
7．考虑到这一点，攀登珠穆朗玛峰的好处值得冒险吗？这完全取决于你。
1/7过去将来时
[观察例句]
1．I
knew
Julie
would
make
dinner.
2．I
knew
John
would
finish
the
work
by
5：00
p．m.
3．Was
Jack
going
to
write
a
letter
to
Tom?
4．Would
my
sister
buy
a
house
in
that
city
and
settle
down?
[归纳用法]
一、过去将来时的构成
肯定句
主语＋would＋动词原形＋其他
否定句
主语＋would
not＋动词原形
＋其他
疑问句
Would＋主语＋动词原形＋其他
被动句
would
＋
be
＋
动词的过去分词(done)
二、过去将来时的用法
表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情
He
said
he
would
come
to
see
me.
他说他要来看我。
He
told
me
he
would
go
to
Beijing.
他告诉我他将去北京。
三、表示过去将要发生的事情的其他结构与时态
1．“was
/were＋going
to＋动词原形”
“was
/were＋going
to＋动词原形”既可表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事，也可表示未能发出的动作。
Last
Sunday
we
were
going
to
visit
the
Great
Wall，but
it
rained.上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。
2．“was
/were＋going
to＋动词原形”还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。
例：It
seemed
as
if
it
was
going
to
rain.
看来好像要下雨。
3．某些动词的过去进行时
come，go，leave，arrive，start等严格按照时间表发生的表起止的动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。
He
said
the
train
was
leaving
at
six
the
next
morning.
他说火车第二天早晨六点出发。
She
told
me
she
was
coming
to
see
me.
她告诉我她要来看我。
4．was/were
about
to
do和was/were
on
the
point
of
doing
He
was
about
to
leave
when
it
began
to
rain.
他正要离开，天突然下起雨来。
He
was
on
the
point
of
shouting
at
his
daughter
when
she
burst
into
tears.
他正要对女儿大吼，她放声大哭起来。
5．was/were
to＋动词原形
I
felt
nervous
because
I
was
soon
to
leave
home
for
the
first
time.
我感到紧张，因为很快就要首次离开家了。
They
said
goodbye，little
knowing
that
they
were
never
to
meet
again.
他们告了别，一点也没想到以后再也不会见面了。
6．特定场合的一般过去时
在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
I
didn't
know
when
she
would
come，but
when
she
came
I
would
let
you
know.
我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。
[名师点津]
when引导宾语从句，可使用过去将来时；when引导时间状语从句，只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
[即时训练] 完成句子
1．我知道你会同意的。
I
knew
you
would
agree．
2．我说我来安排一切。
I
said
I
would
arrange
everything．
3．我不知道他是否会来。
I
didn't
know
if
he
would
come．
4．她66岁了。三年后，她是69岁。
She
was
sixty?six.In
three
years，she
would
be
sixty?nine．
5．第二天他们能完成工作吗？
Were
they
going
to
finish
the
work
before
the
next
day?
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Miss
Zhang
said
she
would
visit
(visit)
the
Great
Wall
next
summer.
2．She
told
him
that
she
would
return(return)
home
soon.
3．I
wasn't
sure
whether
Lucy
would
come
(come)
the
next
year.
4．The
scientists
said
the
world's
population
would
slow
(slow)
down
in
future.
5．She
said
the
bus
was
leaving
(leave)
at
five
the
next
morning.
6．I
wasn't
sure
whether
he
would
lend
(lend)
me
his
book
the
next
morning.
7．He
was
fifty?six.In
two
years,
he
would
be
(be)
fifty?eight.
8．Whenever
she
has
time，she
would
help(help)
them
in
their
work.
9．She
said
that
she
would
water
(water)
the
flower
the
next
day
but
she
didn't.
10．She
told
us
that
she
would
go
(go)with
us，even
if
it
rained.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
After
graduation
from
college，I
started
to
sell.I
thought
it
1.would
be
(be)
a
depressing
period
of
time
because
I
discovered
that
the
worried
expression
I
2.had
worn(wear)
since
childhood
meant
sure
failure.I
knew
it
3.would
become
(become)
difficult
to
relieve
the
depression
left
by
so
many
years
of
hardship.It
called
for
a
complete
change
in
my
view
on
life.Here
is
the
method
I
tried.
Each
morning
during
a
fifteen?minute
bath，I
determined
to
cultivate
a
big，happy
smile
and
make
myself
4.relaxed
(relax)．I
found
out，however，that
it
couldn't
be
a
forced
smile
developed
just
for
the
purpose
of
putting
dollars
in
my
pocket.It
had
to
be
an
honest
?to?goodness
smile
from
down
deep
inside，an
outward
expression
of
happiness
from
within！I
was
definitely
sure
that
it
5.would
work
(work)．
Let's
see
the
starting
off
with
a
good
fifteen?minute
training
of
the
smile
muscles
helped
me
during
the
day.Before
entering
an
office
I
6.would
think
(think)
of
many
things
I
had
to
be
thankful
for，work
up
a
charming
smile
and
then
entered.Seldom
did
it
fail
to
get
the
same
smile
7.in
return
from
the
person
I
met.I
also
found
that
it
pleased
people
when
I
passed
them
on
the
street
to
give
them
a
cheerful
smile.
Give
every
living
soul
you
meet
the
best
smile
you
have
ever
smiled
in
your
life，8.and
see
how
much
better
you
feel
and
look.It's
one
of
the
best
9.ways(way)
I
know
to
stop
worrying，and
start
living.When
I
began
doing
this，I
found
10.myself(me)
more
welcome
everywhere.
1/4速读P50－51教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确的，还是错误的，还是没有提及。
1．Every
year
people
climbing
Qomolangma
are
few
due
to
the
bad
condition.( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
2．The
experience
of
climbing
Qomolangma
vary
from
person
to
person.( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．Mallory
successfully
came
back
from
Qomolangma
and
made
a
speech.( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．Alan
Arnette
ever
climbed
the
second
highest
mountain
in
the
world.( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．Frank
Farley
is
a
man
with
the
personality
of
taking
risks.( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BABCC
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．to
be
able
to
enjoy
life
B．to
experience
a
different
life
C．to
keep
going
D．to
eat
and
make
money
E．to
take
risks
F．to
benefit
from
its
result
1．Many
people
went
climbing
Qomolangma
______．
2．Most
of
people
in
the
world
are
common
people
live
________________.
3．George
Mallory
ate
and
made
money
________________．
4．Alan
Arnette
found
the
only
one
reason
________________
and
he
succeeded.
5．Frank
Farley
found
people
of“Type
T”are
more
likely
_____．
6．What
we
do
is
connected
to
what
we
expect
_______．
[答案] 1－6 BDACEF
Ⅲ.表格填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入合适的单词或短语。
Climbing
Qomolangma
Brief
introduction
People
experience
the
bad
1.weather
condition
and
even
some
lost
their
2.lives
there.
Famous
people
George
Mallory
What
he
got
from
the
adventure
is
3.sheer
joy．He
ate
and
make
money
to
4.enjoy
life.Sadly
he
died
with
the
result
of
his
experience
5.unknown.
Alan
Arnette
He
climbed
Qomolangma
and
other
high
mountains
around
the
world.Climbing
brought
into
what
is
important
to
him
and
he
found
the
only
reason
to6.
keep
going.
The
scientific
reason
behind
it
Human
nature
Risk?taking
may
be
part
of
human
nature
and
some
people
7.are
just
likely
to
take
risks.
“Type
T”
He
refers
to
the
personalities
of
these
people
as“Type
T”and“T”8.
stands
for
“thrill”.
the
expectation
How
much
we
expect
to
9.benefit
from
the
result
is
related
to
our
desire
to
take
risks.
Warning
and
reminding
Whether
climbing
Qomolangma
is
worth
the
risks
is
up
to
ourselves.
细读P50－51教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
细读课文，匹配段落大意。
1．Paragraph
1
A．Some
scientific
reasons
behind
taking
risks.
2．Paragraphs
2－3
B．The
measurement
of
taking
risks.
3．Paragraphs
4－6
C．Brief
introduction
to
climbing
Qomolangma.
4．Paragraph
7
D．Two
famous
examples
and
comments.
[答案] 1－4 CDAB
Ⅱ.单项选择
细读课文，选择最佳答案。
1．What
do
we
learn
from
Paragraph
1?
A．There
were
few
people
climbing
and
much
danger.
B．Most
people
lost
their
lives
while
climbing.
C．Climbing
Qomolangma
makes
a
man
powerful.
D．Many
people
planned
to
return
before
the
end
of
the
trip.
2．What
do
George
Mallory
and
Alan
Arnette
have
in
common?
A．They
both
succeeded
in
climbing
Qomolangma.
B．They
both
climbed
many
other
high
mountains
afterwards.
C．They
both
found
the
risks
of
climbing
worth
taking.
D．They
both
found
the
real
meaning
of
life
and
enjoyed
it.
3．What
is
most
important
and
unique
for
us
when
we
want
to
give
up?
A．The
reason
to
turn
around.
B．Looking
insides
ourselves.
C．The
physical
and
mental
toughness.
D．Keeping
focus
on
the
climbing.
4．Who
are
the
people
with“Type
T”personalities?
A．Passengers
on
the
plane.
B．People
driving
cars
on
the
road.
C．People
making
money
to
live.
D．People
climbing
the
Qomolangma.
5．How
can
we
measure
the
action
of
climbing
Qomolangma?
A．By
taking
more
risks
and
climbing
more.
B．By
balancing
the
benefits
and
the
result.
C．By
being
an
expert
and
expecting
not
to
die.
D．By
equip
yourself
with“Type
T”．
[答案] 1－5 ACCDB
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能——因果关系
A．下列为文中陈述因果关系的句子。
1．Many
would
become
sick，due
to
the
extreme
cold
and
low
air
pressure，and
a
few
would
even
lose
their
lives.
2．With
the
majority
of
attempts
to
climb
Qomolangma
resulting
either
in
total
success
or
failure，is
there
also
a
scientific
reason
behind
this
risk?taking?
3．Research
also
suggests
that
our
desire
to
seek
risks
can
be
connected
to
how
much
we
expect
to
benefit
from
the
result.
B．判断下面句子是否包含因果关系。
1．There
are
a
thousand
reasons
to
turn
around
and
only
one
to
keep
going.
( )
2．Sadly，Mallory
would
die
on
the
mountain
in
1924，although
his
body
would
not
be
found
until
many
years
later.
( )
3．Recent
studies
indicate
that
risk?taking
may
be
part
of
human
nature，with
some
of
us
more
likely
to
take
risks
than
others.
( )
[答案] 1－3 ××√
1/4课时分层作业(十五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Why
do
human
beings
still
risk
their
lives
under
ground
doing
one
of
the
dirtiest
and
most
dangerous
jobs
in
the
world?
It's
an
increasingly
urgent
question，given
the
recent
high?profile(引人注目的)
mining
accidents
in
Sago，W.Va.，and
Huntington，Utah.A
small
group
of
engineers
and
robotics
experts
envision(展望)
a
day
in
the
not?too?distant
future
when
robots
and
other
technology
do
most
of
the
dangerous
mining
work.
One
of
the
first
mining
robots
was
developed
five
years
ago
at
Carnegie—Mellon
University's
Robotics
Institute.It
was
called
Groundhog
and
it
looked
like
a
golf
cart.It
used
lasers
to
“see”
in
dark
tunnels
and
map
abandoned
mines—some
of
the
most
dangerous
work
in
the
business.
The
latest
prototype(原型)
is
called
Cave
Crawler.It's
a
bit
smaller
than
Groundhog，and
even
more
advanced.It
can
take
photos
and
videos
and
has
sensors
mounted(装置)
that
can
detect
the
presence
of
dangerous
gases.Incredibly，the
robot
has
a
real
sense
of
logic.If
it
comes
across
an
obstacle(障碍物)，it
gets
momentarily
confused.It
has
to
think
through
the
process
and
where
to
go
next，and
sometimes
it
throws
a
fit
just
like
a
real
person.
The
biggest
obstacle，though，is
cost.The
original
research
project
was
federally
funded，but
that
money
has
dried
up，and
it's
not
clear
where
future
funding
will
come
from.Partly
for
that
reason，and
partly
because
of
advances
in
safety，mining
is
not
nearly
as
dangerous
as
it
was
in
the
past.Since
1990，deaths
have
declined
by
67
percent，and
injuries
by
51
percent，according
to
the
National
Mining
Association.
Some
experts
predict
that
robots
in
mines
will
serve
much
of
the
same
function
that
they
do
in
the
automotive
industry.The
robots
do
the
most
repetitive
and
dangerous
jobs，but
don't
eliminate(消除)
the
need
for
human
workers.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了可代替人类从事采矿等危险工作的矿山机器人。
1．The
phrase
“throws
a
fit”
in
Paragraph
3
probably
means“________”．
A．gets
angry
B．gets
shocked
C．becomes
excited
D．becomes
cheerful
A [词义猜测题。根据第3段最后一句的语境可知，在障碍不能被解决时，矿山机器人有时也会像人一样大发脾气。]
2．The
latest
robot
is
more
advanced
than
Groundhog
mainly
because________．
A．it
can
map
abandoned
mines
B．it's
a
bit
smaller
than
Groundhog
C．it
can
“see”
in
the
dark
tunnel
D．it
has
a
real
sense
of
logic
D [细节理解题。根据第3段第4句可知，最新型机器人具有真实的逻辑能力。]
3．We
can
infer
from
the
last
paragraph
that
________．
A．robots
in
mines
have
a
long
way
to
go
B．the
mine
robots
will
have
a
very
bright
future
C．there
will
be
no
need
for
human
workers
in
mines
D．robots
in
mines
will
serve
much
in
the
automotive
industry
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的robots
in
mines
will
serve
much
of
the
same
function
that
they
do
in
the
automotive
industry可推知，矿山机器人前景广阔。]
4．Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
of
this
passage?
A．The
Development
of
Robot
B．Cave
Crawler，the
Latest
Robot
C．Could
Robots
Replace
Humans
in
Mines?
D．High?profile
Mining
Accidents
in
America
C [标题归纳题。通读全文尤其最后一段可知，矿山机器人可做采矿等危险工作，但是不能完全离开人工。]
B
There
was
once
a
captain
who
loved
money
so
much
that
he
cheated
his
sailors
at
the
end
of
every
voyage
and
took
their
wages.
On
the
last
day
of
one
voyage，the
ship
was
in
a
small
port.It
was
winter
time，and
the
sea
was
very
cold，so
the
captain
said
to
his
sailors，“If
one
of
you
stays
in
the
water
during
the
whole
night，I
will
give
him
my
ship.But
if
he
comes
out
before
the
sun
appears，I
shall
get
his
wages.”
The
sailors
had
heard
about
the
captain's
cheating，so
they
didn't
trust
him.But
then
one
of
them，who
thought
that
he
was
more
clever
than
the
captain，said
that
he
would
do
it.He
got
into
the
water，and，though
it
was
very
cold，he
stayed
in
it.When
it
was
nearly
morning，some
fishermen
lit
a
fire
on
the
shore
about
half
a
mile
away.
“You
are
cheating，”
the
captain
said
to
the
sailor.“The
fire's
warming
you.”
“But
it's
half
a
mile
away！”
said
the
sailor.
“A
fire's
fire，”
answered
the
captain.“I
have
won.”
The
sailor
came
out
of
the
water，and
said，“Perhaps
you
think
that
you
are
clever
because
you
have
won
my
wages，but
you
can't
cook
a
chicken.”
“I
can，”
answered
the
captain.
“If
you
cook
this
chicken，”
said
the
sailor，“I
shall
work
for
you
without
wages
for
seven
years，but
if
you
can't，you
will
give
me
your
ship.”
The
captain
agreed，took
the
chicken
and
said，“Where's
the
fire?
”
“There
it
is，”
answered
the
sailor.“On
the
shore.”
“But
it's
half
a
mile
away，”
said
the
captain
angrily.
“A
fire's
fire，you
said，”
answered
the
sailor.“If
it
is
enough
to
warm
me
in
the
water，it
is
enough
to
cook
your
chicken.”
【语篇解读】 本文讲了一位聪明的船员智斗贪婪船长的故事。
5．The
captain
got
the
sailors'
wages
________．
A．to
buy
a
chicken
for
himself
B．and
said
he
would
return
the
money
soon
C．and
kept
the
money
for
future
D．by
cheating
him
D [推理判断题。通过整个故事不难看出，船长用欺骗的方式骗取了船员的工资。]
6．The
captain
insisted
that
the
fire
was
warming
the
sailor
because
he
________．
A．wanted
to
keep
his
promise
B．didn't
believe
the
sailor's
success
C．didn't
want
to
lose
the
ship
D．wanted
to
show
his
cleverness
C [推理判断题。船长想骗取船员的工资，更不想把船输给对方，所以他不能认输。]
7．What
is
the
title
of
the
story?
A．A
Fire
Is
Fire
B．How
a
Sailor
Got
a
Ship
C．A
Brave
Sailor
D．How
a
Captain
Cheated
His
Sailor
A [标题归纳题。打赌的双方都想用这句话击败对方，简单明了又扣题，故选A。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Jenny
was
the
only
child
in
her
family.She
had
a
quarrel
with
her
mother
that
afternoon
and
she
ran
out
of
the
house
angrily.She
couldn't
help
weeping
sorrowfully
when
she
thought
of
the
scolding
from
her
mother.Having
wandered
aimlessly
in
the
street
for
hours，she
felt
a
little
hungry
and
wished
for
something
to
eat，but
it
was
not
even
possible
for
her，since
she
had
nothing
with
her.She
stood
beside
a
stand
for
a
while，watching
the
middle?aged
seller
busy
doing
his
business.However，with
no
money
in
hand，she
sighed
and
had
to
leave.
The
seller
behind
the
stand
noticed
the
young
girl
and
asked，“Hey，girl，you
want
to
have
the
noodles?
”
“Oh，yes...but
I
don't
have
money
on
me...”
she
replied.
“That's
nothing.I'll
treat
you
today，”
said
the
man.“Come
in.”
The
seller
brought
her
a
bowl
of
noodles，whose
smell
was
so
attractive.As
she
was
eating，Jenny
cried
silently.
“What
is
it?
”
asked
the
man
kindly.
“Nothing，actually
I
was
just
touched
by
your
kindness！”
said
Jenny
as
she
wiped
her
tears.“Even
a
stranger
on
the
street
will
give
me
a
bowl
of
noodles，while
my
mother，drove
me
out
of
the
house.She
showed
no
care
for
me.She
is
so
merciless
compared
to
a
stranger！”
Hearing
the
words，the
seller
smiled
and
said，“Girl，do
you
really
think
so?
I
only
gave
you
a
bowl
of
noodles
and
you
thanked
me
a
lot.But
it
is
your
mother
who
has
raised
you
since
you
were
a
baby.Can
you
number
the
times
she
cooked
for
you?
Have
you
expressed
your
gratitude
to
her?
”
Jenny
sat
there，speechless
and
numb
with
shock；she
remembered
mother's
familiar
face
and
weathered
hands.“Why
didn't
I
think
of
that?
A
bowl
of
noodles
from
a
stranger
made
me
feel
indebted，but
I
have
never
thanked
my
mum
for
what
she
has
done
for
me.”
On
the
way
home，Jenny
made
up
her
mind
to
make
an
apology
to
her
mother
for
her
rudeness
as
soon
as
she
arrived
home.
Paragraph
1：
Approaching
the
doorway，Jenny
took
a
deep
breath.
____________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2：
A
gentle
touch
on
her
hair
called
her
mind
back.
________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Paragraph
1：
Approaching
the
doorway，Jenny
took
a
deep
breath.
When
she
knocked
at
the
door，she
found
the
door
was
locked
and
her
mother
was
not
in.Tired
and
sad，she
sat
down
in
front
of
the
house.“Where
could
my
mother
be?
”
she
wondered.“Was
she
still
angry
with
me?
”
Again，the
scene
of
the
quarrel
appeared
in
her
mind.She
remembered
her
rudeness
to
her
mother.Realizing
that
all
the
scolding
from
her
mother
was
due
to
the
fact
that
her
mother
really
cared
a
lot
about
her，she
felt
rather
ashamed，and
tears
began
to
roll
down
her
cheeks.
Paragraph
2：
A
gentle
touch
on
her
hair
called
her
mind
back.
She
raised
her
head
and
saw
the
familiar
face
of
her
mother.“Here
you
come！I've
been
looking
for
you，”
she
said，tired
and
relieved.Jenny
couldn't
help
throwing
herself
into
her
mother's
arms.“Mum，I'm
so
sorry
and
thank
you
for
all
you
have
done
for
me.”
She
expressed
her
sincere
apology
and
great
gratitude.Hearing
this，her
mother
smiled，patting
her
back
gently.
6/6Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.alcohol
A．adv.逐渐地，逐步地
( )2.rubber
B．v.消耗
( )3.cotton
C．v.相联系，有关联；讲述
( )4.wool
D．n.伤，损害
( )5.bleeding
E．n.液体，液态物
( )6.liquid
F．n.流血，失血
( )7.injury
G．n.橡胶，合成橡胶
( )8.stretch
H．n.棉布，棉纱
( )9.relate
I．n.羊毛，毛织物
( )10.astonish
J．n.酒精
( )11.consume
K．n.居民，住户
( )12.gradually
L．n.仆人，佣人
( )13.depth
M．v.延伸，绵延
( )14.resident
N．v.使吃惊，
使惊讶
( )15.servant
O．n.深，深度
[答案] 1－5 JGHIF 6－10 EDMCN
11－15 BAOKL
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.look
back
upon
A．在……远的地方
( )2.at
a
distance
of
B．是……的说明(或原因)
( )3.account
for
C．在大白天
( )4.at
a
depth
of
D．回顾，回忆
( )5.in
broad
daylight
E．在……深的地方
[答案] 1－5 DABEC
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．port
n.
港，港口
2．unaware
adj.
未觉察到的，未意识到的
3．guideline
n.
指导方针，指导原则
4．charge
n.
主管，负责
5．ahead
adv.
在前面
6．permit
v.
允许，准许，许可
7．chapter
n.
章节
8．nut
n.
坚果(仁)
9．surround
v.
环绕，围绕
10．broad
adj.
宽的，阔的
11．beneath
prep.
在……之下，在……正下方
12．male
n.
雄性动物
Ⅰ.语境填空
male；permit；charge；surround；beneath；unaware；
guidelines；ahead；servant；broad
1．I'm
leaving
the
school
in
your
charge．
2．But
a
day
after
the
crash，many
unanswered
questions
surrounded
the
event.
3．The
government
has
drawn
up
guidelines
on
the
treatment
of
the
mentally
ill.
4．All
the
attackers
were
male，aged
between
25
and
30.
5．We
were
not
permitted
any
contact
with
each
other.
6．Again
she
is
unaware
of
how
hurtful
her
mistrust
is
to
him.
7.
They
found
the
body
buried
beneath
a
pile
of
leaves.
8．I
know
there
is
an
alley
and
we
can
cut
through
it
and
get
ahead
of
them.
9．If
he
were
my
servant，I
might
fire
him
tomorrow.
10．If
you
have
broad
shoulders，show
them
off.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．They
treat
their
mother
like
a
servant(serve)．
2．Any
consumer(consume)is
encouraged
to
complain
about
faulty
goods.
3．She
was
not
awake，and
unaware
(aware)
of
others'
presence
with
her.
4．Jamie
was
wrapped
in
a
white
woolen(wool)
scarf.
5．The
weather
gradually(gradual)improved.
6．I
will
protect
each
person
when
they
are
injured
(injure)．
7．No
official
permission(permit)has
been
given
for
the
event
to
take
place.
8．What's
the
depth(deep)of
the
water
here?
9．To
my
astonishment
(astonish)，he
threw
out
the
book.
10．Does
all
the
surrounding(surround)
environment
of
the
house
with
water
can
bring
the
money
rolling
in?
1．Words
are
not
enough
to
relate
such
wonders!
语言不足以描述这样的奇观！
2．Captain
Nemo
walked
in
front，one
of
his
men
following
some
steps
behind.
尼摩船长走在前面，其后几步之处跟着他的一位船员。
3．Shall
I
be
believed
when
I
say
that，at
the
depth
of
thirty
feet，I
could
see
as
if
I
was
in
broad
daylight?
当我说在三十英尺深的海底，我能够看得清清楚楚像是在大白天似的，会有人信吗？
1/3课时分层作业(十四)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Li
Ming
said
he
was
happy
if
Brian
would
come
(come)
to
China
next
week.
2．Jenny
said
she
would
spend(spend)
her
holiday
in
China.
3．—What
did
your
son
write
in
the
letter?
—
He
told
me
that
he
would
visit(visit)the
Disney
World
the
next
day.
4．I
hoped
Tina
was
coming(come)
to
my
birthday
party
on
time
the
next
Wednesday.
5．Father
said
that
he
would
take(take)me
to
Beijing
the
next
year.
6．We
were
not
sure
whether
they
were
going
to
grow
(grow)
more
vegetables.
7．She
was
about
to
go(go)
to
work
when
the
phone
rang.
8．He
said
he
would
be(be)here
at
eight
o'clock.
9．She
told
him
that
she
wouldn't
stay(not
stay)
here
for
long.
10．I
wasn't
sure
whether
he
would
lend
(lend)
us
a
hand.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Often
parents
allow
children
to
have
pets
in
order
to
teach
them
to
be
responsible.By
feeding，walking，and
1
a
dog，children
learn
to
be
dependable
and
kind.Parents
expect
their
children
to
2
the
pets
as
if
they
were
family
members
to
learn
these
valuable
lessons.For
many
children，a
pet
is
also
a
best
friend
and
a
3
way
to
learn
how
to
treat
a
new
brother
or
sister
when
the
family
expands.
Besides
the
4
that
children
enjoy
with
animals，pets
can
substitute(代替)
for
the
absence
of
other
family
members.Sometimes
a
couple
who
is
5
to
have
children
will
keep
pets.They
shower
the
6
on
their
pets
that
they
might
have
provided
a
child，and
receive
companionship(陪伴)
in
return.Many
people
who
are
living
7
enjoy
the
companionship
of
a
pet
instead
of
loved
ones
who
are
at
a
distance
or
have
8
.The
pet
becomes
a
family
member
for
these
people
and
deserves
the
same
kind
of
treatment
that
a
family
member
would
get.
Many
articles
have
appeared
9
the
benefits
of
pets
to
the
disabled
and
the
elderly.In
addition
to
the
10
services
that
pets
may
provide，such
as
bringing
objects
to
their
owners
or
helping
a
blind
owner
to
walk
in
unfamiliar
11
，there
is
evidence
that
people
who
keep
pets
live
12
than
those
who
don't
have
pets.In
a
real
sense，these
pets
are
caring
for
their
13
like
family
members
would，and
for
this
reason，they
should
be
treated
like
family.
At
every
14
in
life
we
interact
with
our
pets
in
the
same
ways
that
we
interact
with
family.Children，young
married
couples，and
elderly
people
have
15
to
treat
their
pets
like
family
members.
【语篇解读】 作者认为宠物应该被当作家人一样对待。
1．A.looking
at
B．taking
notice
of
C．learning
from
D．taking
care
of
D [通过喂狗、遛狗以及照顾狗，孩子们学着成为可靠的、善良的人。根据语境，故选D。]
2．A.treat
B．serve
C．trust
D．respect
A [由第3段最后一句可知，应把宠物当作家人一样对待。故选A。]
3．A.traditional
B．quick
C．similar
D．good
D [由下文可知，当家庭增添新成员时，宠物是孩子们学习如何对待新的兄弟姐妹的好途径。]
4．A.talk
B．trip
C．friendship
D．holiday
C [宠物不仅能与孩子们建立友情，还能弥补某些家庭成员的缺席。故选C。]
5．A.afraid
B．unable
C．ready
D．pleasant
B [不能生育的夫妻会把本应给孩子的爱倾注在宠物身上。选B符合语境。]
6．A.hope
B．praise
C．love
D．happiness
C [见上题解析。]
7．A.together
B．abroad
C．around
D．alone
D [许多因为爱人离得远或已故而独居的人喜欢有宠物的陪伴。D项符合语境。]
8．A.passed
away
B．turned
up
C．set
off
D．grown
up
A [见上题解析。pass
away“去世”。]
9．A.promising
B．showing
C．recording
D．bringing
B [很多文章表明养宠物对残疾人和老人都有好处。B项符合语境。]
10．A.perfect
B．possible
C．familiar
D．usual
D [诸如给主人叼东西或帮助眼盲的主人在陌生的环境中行走，是宠物提供的常见服务。故选D。]
11．A.cities
B．companies
C．surroundings
D．rooms
C [见上题解析。]
12．A.better
B．longer
C．more
easily
D．more
simply
B [有证据表明养宠物的人比不养宠物的人寿命更长。故选B。]
13．A.babies
B．partners
C．parents
D．owners
D [事实上，宠物还能像家人一样照顾自己的主人。D项符合语境。]
14．A.moment
B．corner
C．stage
D．level
C [在人生的每个阶段，人们和宠物之间都像和家人之间一样有着某种相互影响的关系。C项符合语境。]
15．A.courage
B．reason
C．interest
D．time
B [不论是小孩、新婚夫妇还是老人，他们都有理由把宠物当作家人来对待。B项符合语境。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
It's
not
often
that
a
tomato
1.is
described(describe)
as
so
sweet
that
“whenever
people
see
it
they
just
want
to
hug
it”，
but
this
is
not
an
ordinary
piece
of
fruit.The
heart?shaped
tomato
was
grown
by
a
2.retired
(retire)
knife
maker，Rod
Matless，who
said
he
was
shocked
when
he
noticed
it
in
his
greenhouse
while
checking
his
3.latest
(late)
produce.
Mr.
Matless，who
suffered
a
heart
attack
a
few
years
ago，was
so
astonished
by
the
fruit
4.that
he
decided
to
sell
it
at
auction(拍卖)
and
contribute
the
money
5.to
the
British
Heart
Foundation.
The
2.26
oz
tomato
was
bought
6.at
the
price
of
￡16
on
eBay
by
a
woman
from
Wales，7.who
said
she
planned
to
give
it
to
someone
special.
Mr.
Matless
said，“I
hope
it
will
do
someone
good.It's
very
sweet—whenever
people
see
it
they
just
want
to
hug
it.”
But
because
it's
very
important
to
keep
the
tomato
fresh，Mr.Matless
was
racing
against
time
to
send
it
to
its
new
8.owner
(own)
before
it
goes
bad.
He
said，“I
didn't
want
to
send
someone
something
9.horrible
(horror)．I
10.probably(probable)
could
have
raised
a
bit
more
money
with
more
time
but
I
was
worried
about
it.It
will
certainly
make
a
nice
present
for
a
loved
one.I
hope
that
he
or
she
will
like
it.I've
really
enjoyed
growing
this
very
special
tomato.”
【语篇解读】 英国一位老伯在自己的菜园子里种出了一个心形的番茄，之后进行拍卖，并把卖得的钱捐给英国心脏基金会。
1．is
described [考查时态和语态。describe与tomato之间是被动关系，又因描述的是客观事实，故填一般现在时的被动语态。]
2．retired [考查词性转换。所填词应作定语修饰名词且表示“已退休的”。]
3．latest [考查形容词。意为“最近的”。]
4．that [考查固定结构。“so＋adj./adv.＋that...”表示“如此……以至于……”。]
5．to [考查固定搭配。contribute
sth.
to...意为“把某物贡献给……”。]
6．at [考查介词。固定短语at
the
price
of表示某物的价格。]
7．who [考查定语从句。先行词为woman，故填关系代词who。]
8．owner [考查词性转换。这里指它新的拥有者，用名词形式。]
9．horrible [考查词性转换。不定代词的后置定语应用形容词形式。]
10．probably [考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词应用副词形式。]
4/5冒险经历
本单元的写作是描述一次冒险经历属于记叙文文体。在文章里要写出自己做了什么，自己看见了什么，以及自己的感受。
[基本框架]
1．开头(beginning)——交代经历发生的时间地点
2．主体(body)——介绍经历的过程
3．结尾(ending)——写出经历的结果以及你自己的观点
[常用词块]
1．save
the
earth拯救地球
2．take
the
time
machine
乘坐时光机
3．fly
past
the
stars飞过星球
4．be
transformed
into
an
insect变形成了昆虫
5．be
eaten
by
a
monster
被怪物吃掉
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．When
it
comes
to
the
adventure
story，the
Magic
schoolbus
came
into
my
mind
first.
一说到冒险故事，我首先想到的就是《神奇校车》。
2．Speaking
of
the
adventure，I
experienced
one
three
years
ago.
说起冒险，我三年前经历了一次。
3．If
you
want
to
experience
the
travel
in
space,
let's
read
the
following
story
together.
如果你想感受太空旅行，我们一起来读读下面的故事吧。
★丰满主体
1．We
flew
through
the
tunnel
and
got
into
the
time
machine.
我们飞跃隧道，进入了时光机器。
2．I
was
swimming
in
the
sea
when
a
big
shark
appeared
several
meters
away
from
me.
我正在海里游泳，突然一条大鲨鱼出现在离我几米远的地方。
3．They
jumped
into
the
tree
hole
and
then
shrank
into
a
little
man
of
the
same
size
as
a
mouse.
他们跳入树洞，然后缩成了和一只老鼠大小的小人儿。
★余味结尾
1．The
little
girl
came
to
herself
and
found
she
was
still
sleeping
under
the
tree.
小姑娘苏醒过来，发现自己依然睡在树底下。
2．Till
now
I
still
feel
frightened
at
the
thought
of
that
adventure.
直到现在，一想起那次冒险我依然感到恐惧。
3．The
hero
in
the
movie
saved
the
people
in
trouble
and
taught
me
to
be
kind
and
helpful
to
people
around
me.
电影中的男主角拯救了苦难中的人们，教会我要对周围的人善良，要乐于帮助他们。
你是新华中学的李华，今年暑假和父母去了夏威夷。期间经历了人生第一次潜水探险。请以日记的形式描述自己的这一次冒险经历，并写出从中自己的所思所想所获。
1．潜水地点是普普克阿海滩公园(Pupukea
Beach
Park)；
2．我刚开始听说这里有时会出现鲨鱼，有点担心，但因为它们一般不会主动攻击人类，我尝试下水；
3．这里是一个海洋生物保护区，海里的鱼类非常丰富，还有海龟；
4．因为海里全是礁石，需要注意安全；
5．建议想要去的朋友最好选择每年的夏季，海面平静且海浪很小的最佳浮潜季节。
要求：1.词数：80左右；
2．内容积极向上，可适当增删细节以使行文流畅。
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Today
the
adventure
story
is
my
first
diving
experience.In
the
early
morning
my
parents
and
I
went
to
Pupukea
Beach
by
bus
and
then
to
an
island
by
boat.
Hearing
the
basic
dos
and
don'ts
including
the
information
of
sharks，I
dare
not
to
jump
into
the
sea.After
the
coach's
explanation
I
jumped
in
with
the
guide.At
first
I
didn't
see
any
fish
but
some
corals
and
seaweeds.Soon
I
found
groups
of
fishes
of
all
kinds
and
the
turtles.What
shocked
me
most
was
that
I
should
see
some
sharks
running
after
the
fish
groups
with
my
own
eyes.
Diving
experience
is
impressive
and
unforgettable.We
should
be
kind
to
the
sea
creatures
and
live
in
harmony
with
them.
1/3Do
not，for
one
repulse，give
up
the
purpose
that
you
resolved
to
effect.
—William
Shakespeare
不要只因一次失败就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。
——威廉·莎士比亚
Don't
part
with
your
illusions.When
they
are
gone
you
may
still
exist，but
you
have
ceased
to
live.
—Mark
Twain
不要放弃你的幻想。当幻想没有了以后，你还可以生存，但是你虽生犹死。
——马克·吐温
The
man
who
has
made
up
his
mind
to
win
will
never
say
“impossible”．
—Napoleon
凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能的”。
——拿破仑
A
man
can
fail
many
times，but
he
isn't
a
failure
until
he
begins
to
blame
somebody
else.
—Burroughs
一个人可以失败多次，但是只要他没有开始责怪旁人，他还不是一个失败者。
——巴勒斯
Where
there
is
a
will，there
is
a
way.
—Thomas
Edison
有志者，事竟成。——托马斯·爱迪生
It
is
always
the
adventurer
who
accomplish
great
things.
—Montesquieu
成大事者往往是冒险家。
——孟德斯鸠
Every
new
day
is
a
chance
to
change
your
life.Smile
and
stop
complaining
about
the
things
you
can't
change.Time
keeps
ticking
whether
you're
happy
or
sad.They
always
say
time
changes
things
but
you
actually
have
to
change
them
by
yourself.People
with
passion
can
change
the
world.Never
underestimate
your
power
to
change
yourself！Never
doubt
yourself.Never
change
who
you
are.Don't
care
what
people
think
and
just
go
for
it.The
only
way
you
can
change
your
future
is
to
do
something
different
today.You
can't
change
the
past，but
if
you
worry
too
much
about
tomorrow，you
will
ruin
today.
Legless
Man
Conquered
Qomolangma
Chinese
double?amputee(双腿被截肢者)climber
Xia
Boyu
on
Monday
was
crowned
as
the
Laureus
Sporting
Moment
of
the
Year
2019
winner，a
world?class
title
given
to
international
sportsmen
to
honor
their
remarkable
achievements，and
in
Xia's
case，it
is
a
breathe?taking
one，too.Xia
made
his
name
known
in
and
beyond
China
on
May
14，2018，when
he
became
the
first
Chinese
double?amputee
climber
to
reach
the
summit
of
Mount
Qomolangma.
But
the
70?year?old
man's
story
with
the
world's
highest
mountain
started
decades
ago，when
Xia
joined
the
Chinese
mountaineering
team
in
1974.During
his
first
climb
in
1975，the
young
Xia
gave
his
sleeping
bag
to
a
teammate
who
had
lost
his
own
due
to
physical
exhaustion.When
they
reached
the
foot
of
the
mountain，Xia
discovered
that
his
feet
had
no
feeling.Unfortunately，his
legs
had
to
be
amputated.However，he
did
not
feel
regretful
for
starting
the
mission
or
for
giving
up
the
chance
of
survival
to
others.He
later
got
prosthetic(假肢的)
legs.To
fulfill
his
dream
of
reaching
the
top
of
the
mountain，he
trained
every
day
and
did
outdoor
sports.However，Xia
later
discovered
that
he
had
lymph
cancer(淋巴癌)，and
he
had
to
work
harder
instead
of
giving
up.
In
2014，he
restarted
his
challenge
of
climbing
the
mountain，but
had
to
stop
due
to
an
avalanche(雪崩)．In
2016，his
attempt
was
stopped
again
because
of
an
earthquake
and
blizzard.
He
made
his
fifth
attempt
in
2018
and
even
said
that
he
had
feared
it
would
be
his
last.“Reaching
the
summit
of
Qomolangma
has
always
been
a
dream
and
goal.I
have
fought
for
it
over
the
past
decades.Despite
several
bad
things，I
never
gave
up.The
perseverance
has
made
my
life
colorful
and
meaningful，”
Xia
told
Chinese
media.
Xia
added
that
his
next
goal
will
be
“7＋2”，that
is，the
highest
summits
of
seven
continents，plus
the
South
and
North
poles.In
May，Xia
will
attempt
to
climb
Mount
Elbrus，the
highest
mountain
in
Europe.
[探索发现]
1．What
do
you
think
of
climbing
Qomolangma？Is
it
worth
it?
_________________________________________________________________
2．What
do
you
know
about
Xia
Boyu?
_________________________________________________________________
3．What
kind
of
adventure
do
you
want
to
take？And
why?
_________________________________________________________________
[答案] 1.略
2．He
is
a
Chinese
double?amputee
climber
of
70.
3．略
1/3课时分层作业(十三)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据首字母或汉语提示完成句子。
1．If
you
climb
up
higher，you
may
find
the
oxygen
become
less.
2．When
young，we
would
draw
a
border
on
the
table
between
the
deskmates.
3．The
Death
Zone
is
hard
for
many
people
to
walk
through.
4．The
crowd
pushed
me
around
while
climbing
the
Great
Wall.
5．People
always
say
failure
is
the
mother
of
success
but
in
fact，sometimes
NOT.
6．He
didn't
pass
the
driving
test
at
his
first
attempt
(尝试)
and
he
did
it
again.
7．If
you
refuse
to
take
risk(风险)，you
can't
have
better
returns.
8．Can
you
confirm(证实)what
happened?
9．At
this
point
you
should
be
back
to
your
initial(最初的)
position
and
try
again.
10．They
seldom
watched
TV.Thus(因此)，they
didn't
know
the
result
until
we
called.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Hurricane
Babette
reached
the
northeastern
United
States
today
and
caused
death
and
destruction
everywhere.The
killer
storm
carried
winds
of
135
miles
per
hour.The
high
winds
and
heavy
rains，together
with
the
force
of
the
Atlantic
Ocean，created
extremely
dangerous
waves.It
is
not
yet
known
how
many
people
died
or
were
hurt
in
this
storm，but
it
is
said
that
the
numbers
will
be
very
high.The
damage
to
homes，business
and
crops
will
run
into
billions
of
dollars.Now
that
the
storm
is
over，the
long，slow
rebuilding
will
begin.
With
the
arrival
of
the
tornado
season，the
National
Weather
Service
is
again
telling
people
how
to
protect
themselves
from
these
deadly
storms.The
winds
from
tornadoes
are
the
most
violent
winds
on
earth.They
can
blow
up
to
400
miles
per
hour.A
tornado
looks
like
a
funnel(漏斗)．It
is
also
very
loud.It
may
sound
like
a
train
coming
at
you.In
fact，the
winds
from
a
tornado
can
pick
up
a
train
and
throw
it
around.If
a
tornado
is
seen
in
your
area，it
is
very
important
that
you
protect
yourself.A
basement
(地下室)
is
the
safest
place
to
go.Try
to
wait
under
a
table
in
the
basement.If
your
building
does
not
have
a
basement，stay
on
the
ground
floor
but
lie
flat
under
a
bed
or
table.Stay
away
from
windows.If
you
are
outside
or
in
your
car，try
to
find
a
narrow
place
to
lie
down
in.
As
the
area
tries
to
deal
with
the
worst
flood
of
the
century，there
are
many
heartwarming
stories
of
people
helping
other
people.From
all
over
the
world
people
have
sent
food
and
clothes
to
help
the
thousands
who
have
had
to
leave
their
homes.Many
volunteers
have
come
to
help
to
make
sandbags
and
use
them
to
build
walls
against
the
overflowing
river.While
the
result
of
this
disaster
will
be
terrible
for
many，it
is
beautiful
to
see
people
coming
together
to
help
others
and
save
lives，and
property
(财产)．
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了自然灾害带给人们的灾难及在这些灾难中人们如何自救。
1．What
are
the
three
short
paragraphs
about?
A．Newspaper
articles
about
the
weather.
B．Bad
weather
forecasts
in
newspapers.
C．Introduction
to
climate
in
different
places.
D．Popular
science
on
climate.
A [主旨大意题。第一段讲述飓风造成的损失，第二段讲述龙卷风中人们如何自救，第三段讲述了在这些灾难中人们的表现。故应该是报纸上一篇关于天气的文章。]
2．According
to
the
passage，a
person
who
sees
a
tornado
in
his
area，had
better
NOT
________．
A．stay
on
the
ground
floor
but
lie
down
under
a
bed
B．go
to
the
basement
and
wait
under
a
table
C．find
a
deep
narrow
place
to
lie
down
in
D．drive
his
car
away
as
fast
as
possible
D [细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“or
in
your
car，try
to
find
a
narrow
place
to
lie
down
in”可知应该停车而不是快速行驶。]
3．We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
________．
A．Hurricane
Babette
damaged
the
northwestern
coast
of
US
B．when
there's
flooding，sandbags
can
be
made
and
used
to
build
wall
C．the
National
Weather
Service
often
takes
measures
to
protect
the
local
people
D．people
are
often
reminded
of
how
to
protect
themselves
from
snowstorm
B [细节理解题。由第三段“make
sandbags
and
use
them
to
build
walls
against
the
overflowing
river”可知沙袋可以筑成墙抗洪。]
B
The
US
government
has
recently
helped
people
learn
more
about
the
dangers
of
earthquakes
by
publishing
a
map.This
map
shows
the
chances
of
an
earthquake
in
each
part
of
the
country.The
areas
of
the
map
where
earthquakes
are
most
likely
to
occur
are
called
earthquake
belts.The
government
is
spending
a
great
deal
of
money
and
is
working
hard
to
help
to
discover
the
answers
to
these
two
questions：
Can
we
predict
earthquakes?
Can
we
control
earthquakes?
To
answer
the
first
question，scientists
are
looking
very
closely
at
the
most
active
fault
(断层)
systems
in
the
country，such
as
the
San
Andreas
fault
in
California.A
fault
is
a
break
between
two
sections
of
the
earth's
surface.These
breaks
between
sections
are
the
places
where
earthquakes
occur.Scientists
look
at
the
faults
for
changes
which
might
show
that
an
earthquake
was
about
to
occur.But
it
will
probably
be
many
years
before
we
can
predict
earthquakes
correctly.And
the
control
of
earthquakes
is
even
farther
away.
However，there
have
been
some
interesting
developments
in
the
field
of
controlling
earthquakes.The
most
interesting
development
concerns
the
Rocky
Mountain
Arsenal
earthquakes.Here
water
was
put
into
a
layer
of
rocks
4，000
metres
below
the
surface
of
the
ground.Shortly
after
this
injection
(注射)
of
water，there
was
a
small
number
of
earthquakes.Scientists
have
decided
that
the
water
which
was
injected
into
the
rocks
worked
like
oil
on
each
other.
When
the
water
“oiled”
the
fault，the
fault
became
slippery
and
the
energy
of
an
earthquake
was
given
out.Scientists
are
still
experimenting
at
the
site
of
these
earthquakes.They
have
realized
that
there
is
a
connection
between
the
injection
of
the
water
and
the
earthquake
activity.They
have
suggested
that
it
might
be
possible
to
use
this
knowledge
to
prevent
very
big，dangerous
earthquakes，that
is，scientists
could
inject
some
kind
of
fluid
like
water
into
faults
and
change
one
big
earthquake
into
a
number
of
small，harmless
earthquakes.
【语篇解读】 为了提高人们对地震的防范意识，美国政府加大了在防震、预测方面的投入，他们甚至在努力采取措施控制地震的发生。
4．Earthquakes
belts
are
________．
A．maps
that
show
where
earthquakes
are
likely
to
occur
B．zones
with
a
high
probability
of
earthquakes
C．breaks
between
two
sections
of
the
earth's
surface
D．the
two
layers
of
earth
along
a
fault
B [细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句可知，地震多发地带被称为earthquake
belts。]
5．The
San
Andreas
fault
is
________．
A．an
active
fault
system
B．a
place
where
earthquakes
have
been
predicted
correctly
C．a
place
where
earthquakes
have
been
controlled
D．at
the
foot
of
the
Rocky
Mountain
A [细节理解题。根据第二段可知，该地区为地震比较活跃的地区。]
6．What
did
scientists
learn
about
earthquakes
at
the
Rocky
Mountain
Arsenal?
A．They
occur
at
about
4，000
metres
below
ground
level.
B．The
injection
of
water
into
earthquake
faults
prevents
earthquakes
from
occurring.
C．They
are
usually
caused
by
the
oil
in
the
faults.
D．Harmful
earthquakes
could
be
prevented
by
causing
harmless
earthquakes.
D [细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知。]
7．What
can
be
said
about
the
experiments
at
the
Rocky
Mountain
Arsenal?
A．They
have
no
practical
value
in
earthquake
prevention.
B．They
may
have
practical
value
in
earthquake
prevention.
C．They
are
certain
to
have
practical
value
in
earthquake
prevention.
D．Nothing
is
told
about
their
practical
value
in
earthquake
prevention.
B [推理判断题。根据科学家的试验，通过向断裂带注水可以引发小地震，从而使地震的能量得到释放，因此也就降低了大地震爆发的可能性。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
How
do
you
stay
true
to
yourself
when
you're
surrounded
by
friends
and
your
family
that
have
an
opinion
on
everything
you
do?
It's
not
easy！
1
Here
are
4
tips
which
can
help
you
live
a
dynamic
life.
2
Stay
true
to
yourself
by
listening
to
the
only
opinions
that
really
matter—your
own
and
those
from
people
who
believe
in
and
encourage
you.Deep
down
you
know
yourself
better
than
anybody
else.
Don't
fear
people
3
The
reason
why
most
people
don't
take
risks
is
the
fear
of
what
others
might
think
of
them.If
you
want
to
live
the
life
you
truly
deserve，you
must
give
up
the
need
to
be
liked
by
everybody.
Value
yourself
and
your
choices
When
you
do，others
will
too.Own
the
choices
you
make
in
your
life.
4
When
you
believe
in
yourself，others
will
believe
in
you
too.Show
confidence
in
your
choices
and
ignore
others'
opinions.
Focus
on
appreciation
No
matter
what
the
circumstances
are，there
is
always
something
to
be
grateful
for.All
people
will
ask，“What
am
I
grateful
for?
How
can
I
improve
my
situation
and
use
the
tough
time
to
inspire
others？”
5
These
steps，if
applied，will
help
you
transform
your
peace
of
mind，lifestyle，etc.
A．Focus
on
your
own
talents
and
strengths.
B．Never
let
others'
opinions
influence
your
choices.
C．Treat
every
person
as
if
they
are
important.
D．When
you
doubt
yourself，others
will
doubt
you.
E．Stay
fearless
in
everything
you
will
have
to
do.
F．Be
thankful
to
life
and
be
helpful
to
others，and
you'll
lead
a
successful
life.
G．However，there
are
great
possibilities
that
you
can
lead
the
life
you
really
want.
【语篇解读】 当周围的朋友、家人对你所做的每件事都有意见时，你要如何做才能忠于自己，并且充满活力地生活呢？本文就这一问题给出了几点建议。
1．G [“It's
not
easy！”说明当周围的朋友、家人对你所做的每件事都有意见时，想要忠于自己并不容易，再结合首段最后一句可知，G项与“It's
not
easy！”在意义上是转折关系。故答案为G。]
2．B [由“...by
listening
to
the
only
opinions
that
really
matter—your
own...”可知答案为B。]
3．E [E项与“Don't
fear
people”及本段内容相对应。]
4．D [D项与空后的“When
you
believe
in
yourself，others
will
believe
in
you
too.”形成对比。]
5．F [“Focus
on
appreciation”中的“appreciation”及“What
am
I
grateful
for？”中的“grateful”与F项中的“thankful”及“helpful”相呼应。故答案为F。]
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