Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.forecast
A．adj.可信赖的，可靠的
( )2.reliable
B．v.(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)
( )3.rescue
C．adv.极其，非常
( )4.claim
D．v.预测，预报
( )5.grab
E．n.危机
( )6.exceptionally
F．v.攫取，抓住
( )7.crisis
G．adv.精确地，准确地
( )8.satellite
H．n.台风
( )9.precisely
I．v.营救，解救
( )10.typhoon
J．n.人造卫星
( )11.billion
K．n.所有物，资产，财产
( )12.property
L．v.威胁到，危及
( )13.threaten
M．num.十亿
[答案] 1－5 DAIBF 6－10 CEJGH 11－13 MKL
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.full
off
A．反复做某事
( )2.all
of
a
sudden
B．突然不翼而飞
( )3.in
seconds
C．还没有
( )4.keep
on
doing
sth.
D．突然
( )5.have
yet
to
E．片刻
[答案] 1－5 BDEAC
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．lap
n.
(坐着时的)大腿部
2．nowhere
adv.
什么地方都不，无处
3．otherwise
adv.
否则，要不然
4．midnight
n.
子夜，午夜
5．county
n.
(美国等国家的)县；(英国的)郡
6．sufficient
adj.
足够的，充足的
Ⅰ.语境填空
midnight；nowhere；lap；otherwise；property；sufficient
1．She
sat
with
her
hands
in
her
lap．
2．My
parents
lent
me
the
money.Otherwise
I
couldn't
have
afforded
the
trip.
3．We
have
to
catch
the
midnight
train.
4．This
animal
is
found
in
Australia，and
nowhere
else.
5．Be
careful
not
to
damage
other
people's
property．
6．These
reasons
are
not
sufficent
to
justify
the
ban.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．In
my
mind，you
are
a
reliable
(rely)
friend
forever，and
I
depend
on
you
so
much.
2．The
weather，even
for
January，was
exceptionally
(exceptional)
cold.
3．He
has
received
several
threatening(threaten)letters.
4．She
pronounced
the
word
very
slowly
and
precisely
(precise)．
5．Midnight(night)means
12
o'clock
at
night.
6．This
door
should
only
be
used
in
an
emergency(emergent)．
7．The
following
day
she
felt
sufficiently(sufficient)well
to
go
to
work.
8．In
the
heavy?stricken
area，the
drinking
(drink)water
was
in
great
need.
1．All
of
a
sudden，there
was
sky
where
the
roof
had
been.
突然，在原来的屋顶之处出现了天空。
2．I
just
spent
the
days
watching
the
boats
going
up
and
down
the
street
and
looking
out
for
Smartie.我只好一天天地看着小船在街上穿梭并留心寻觅着斯玛蒂。
3．He
had
disappeared
the
moment
the
storm
hit.
暴风雨刚一来袭，它就已经消失了。
4．Now，one
year
has
passed
and
I
am
back
home
in
New
Orleans.现在一年过去了，我回到新奥尔良的家中。
1/3省略
[观察例句]
1．It
is
just
typical
that
my
journey
is
on
one
of
the
oldest
lines，as
well
as
one
of
the
deepest
(lines)．
2．My
office
is
only
on
the
third
floor
of
the
building，so
(it
is)
quite
low.
3．He
is
going
to
his
uncle's
(house)．
4．(Is
there)
Anything
wrong?
5．Her
job
is
to
take
care
of
the
elders
and
(to)
wash
their
clothes.
6．The
child
wanted
to
play
in
the
street，but
her
mother
told
her
not
to(play
in
the
street)．
7．—
Would
you
like
to
come
to
dinner
tonight?
—
I'd
like
to
(come
to
dinner
tonight)．But
I'm
too
busy.
8．To
some
smile
is
very
easy，and
to
others
(smile
is)
so
hard.
9．Mary
is
going
to
sweep
the
floor
because
Alice
won't
(sweep
the
floor)．
10．The
baby
closed
his
eyes
as
if
(he
were)
to
sleep.
[归纳用法]
1．可省略主语和谓语。
A
word
about
your
composition.(省略了I
will
say...)
我现在谈一下你的作文。
Though
tired，he
was
not
disheartened.(省略了he
was...)
他虽然累了，但没有泄气。
Got
a
smart?phone？(句首省略了Have
you...)
有智能手机吗？
2．可省去从句。
You
have
done
better
this
time.(省去从句than
you
did
before)
这一次你做得好些了。
Oh，that
reminds
me.(me之后省去了that从句，其内容由具体情况而定)
噢，这使我想起了一件事。
3．可用不定式符号to，省去前面提到的谓语动词和宾语。
Jack
didn't
pass
the
driving
test，but
he
still
hope
to.(to后省去了pass
the
driving
test)
杰克没有通过驾驶证考试，但他仍希望能通过。
4．特殊疑问句的省略。
Where
to？去哪里？
(＝Where
are
you
going
to？)
What
for?
为什么？
(例如：What
do
you
come
here
for？你来这里干什么？)
Why
not
do
it?
为什么不做那件事呢？
(＝Why
don't
you
do
it？)
How/What
about(sb.)doing
sth.?
做某事怎么样？
What's
on
tonight?
今晚上映什么？
What's
up?
发生什么事了？
[名师点津]
省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息而省略句中的一个或者几个句子成分并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略和替代一样，也是避免重复、突出关键词语并使上下文紧密连接。只要不损害语法结构或产生歧义，能省略就应省略。尤其在对话中，它是一种普遍的现象，因为它有助于语言上的简洁。所涉及的省略情况一般有：词的省略、句子成分的省略、多个成分的同时省略等。
[即时训练] 在括号里写出句子省略的成分。
1．We
are
delighted(that)you
can
come.
2．It
happened
on
the
day
(when)
we
first
met.
3．I
hope
to
finish
my
job
and
(to)go
back
home.
4．(Does)anyone
want
a
drink?
5．What
we
could
do
was
(to)get
away.
6．The
suggestion
has
been
made
that
the
football
game
(should)
be
put
off.
7．You
may
come
to
see
me
(at)
any
time
between
4
and
5
in
the
afternoon.
8．(I)beg
your
pardon.
9．Just
(wait)
a
moment
please!
10．He
spent
part
of
the
money
and
the
rest
(of
the
money)
he
saved.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—
I
won't
do
it
any
more.
—Why
not?
2．Although
told
(tell)
to
stop，he
kept
on
working.
3．—Will
you
waste
your
time
and
money
on
that?
—
Certainly
not．
4．—
What's
Joan
doing?
—
Reading
(read)
newspapers
in
the
room.
5．—
Can
you
climb
that
tree，my
boy?
—
Me
(I)
?
6．Some
people
are
against
the
plan
but
more
(many)
support
it.
7．—I'll
be
away
on
a
business
trip.Would
you
mind
looking
after
my
cat?
—Not
at
all.I'd
be
happy
to．
8．Someone
has
used
my
mobile
phone，but
I
don't
know
who．
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Each
time
you
call
1.up
your
family，do
you
think
this
invention
made
by
the
distinguished
2.inventor
(invent)
Bell
can
have
such
a
great
effect
on
our
life?
3．As
we
all
know，the
telephone
is
one
of
the
most
welcome
and
useful
inventions.No
wonder
more
and
more
families
have
got
to
use
their
own
telephones
today.The
telephone
makes
things
4.convenient
(convenience)
in
many
ways.Especially，after
the
mobile
telephone
appears，communication
becomes
5.easier
(easy)
and
rapider.To
students
and
people
going
out
for
business
far
away
from
their
homes，the
telephone
can
6.shorten
(short)
the
distance
between
them
and
their
families.Thus
they
7.will
get
(get)comfort
whenever
they
are
homesick
or
they
run
8.into
trouble.With
the
help
of
the
telephone，people
can
keep
in
touch
with
anyone
at
any
time
and
in
any
place
for
urgent
help.
In
9.a
word，the
telephone
is
so
helpful
that
we
can
say
that
nowadays
we
can
not
live
without
the
telephone
in
our
daily
life.We
will
further
improve
the
performance
of
the
telephone
so
as
10.to
create
(create)
better
conditions
for
its
development.
1/4课时分层作业(十八)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In
the
1950s，a
family
who
owned
a
farm
near
Beulah，Michigan
kept
a
bull
chained
to
an
elm(榆树)．The
bull
paced
around
the
tree，dragging
the
heavy
iron
chain，which
led
to
a
groove(槽)in
the
bark.The
groove
deepened
over
the
years，though
for
whatever
reason，it
did
not
kill
the
tree.
After
some
years，the
family
took
their
bull
away.They
cut
the
chain，leaving
the
loop(圈)around
the
tree
and
one
link
hanging
down.
Then
one
year，agricultural
disaster
struck
Michigan
in
the
form
of
Dutch
Elm
Disease.All
of
the
elms
lining
the
road
leading
to
the
farm
became
infected
and
died.Everyone
thought
that
the
old
elm
would
be
next.
The
farm's
owners
considered
doing
the
safe
thing：pulling
it
out
and
cutting
it
up
into
firewood
before
it
died.But
they
simply
could
not
bring
themselves
to
do
it.It
was
as
if
the
old
tree
had
become
a
family
friend.So
they
decided
to
let
nature
take
its
course．
Amazingly，the
tree
did
not
die.Nobody
could
understand
why
it
was
the
only
elm
that
was
still
standing
in
the
country!
Plant
pathologists(病理学家)from
Michigan
State
University
came
out
to
observe
the
tree.They
observed
the
scar
left
by
the
iron
chain，now
almost
completely
covered
by
bark.The
plant
experts
decided
that
it
was
the
chain
that
saved
the
elm's
life.They
reasoned
that
the
tree
must
have
absorbed
so
much
iron
from
the
chain
that
it
became
immune
to
the
fungus(真菌)．
It's
said
that
what
doesn't
kill
you
will
make
you
stronger.Or，as
Ernest
Hemingway
put
it，“Life
breaks
us
all，but
afterwards，many
of
us
are
strongest
at
the
broken
places.”
【语篇解读】 “祸兮福之所倚”，在自然灾难面前，有些人或物被打倒；而有些却幸免于难。原因竟然是这样的：在遭受磨难的过程中，他/它获得了意外的收获。本文就密歇根州的榆树的遭遇说明了这一事实。
1．What
happened
to
the
elms
in
Michigan
during
the
agricultural
disaster?
A．Nearly
all
of
the
elms
died
of
a
disease.
B．Some
of
the
elms
were
cut
up
into
firewood.
C．All
the
elms
were
infected
by
a
disease
and
died.
D．The
elms
were
tied
by
iron
chains.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中“All
of
the
elms
lining
the
road
leading
to
the
farm
became
infected
and
died.”可知答案为A。
]
2．From
the
passage
we
can
learn
that
the
old
elm
was
saved
by
________．
A．the
iron
remaining
in
it
B．the
fungus
in
the
tree
C．the
groove
in
the
bark
D．its
own
immune
system
A [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The
plant
experts
decided
that
it
was
the
chain
that
saved
the
elm's
life.They
reasoned
that
the
tree
must
have
absorbed
so
much
iron
from
the
chain
that
it
became
immune
to
the
fungus(真菌)．”可知，老榆树活下来是因为它吸收了大量的铁元素从而对真菌具有了免疫力，故答案为A。]
3．The
underlined
sentence“let
nature
take
its
course”means
“________”．
A．have
nature
give
a
lesson
to
the
elm
B．help
the
elm
grow
normally
C．let
nature
take
the
elm
away
D．leave
the
elm
at
the
mercy
of
nature
D [词义猜测题。从上下文可知，此处是让老榆树听从大自然的摆布，故答案为D。]
4．What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A．Never
Lose
Heart
in
Trouble
B．Strike
While
the
Iron
Is
Hot
C．Stronger
after
Suffering
D．Brave
to
Face
Failure
C [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲了老榆树在遭遇磨难后，当自然灾难来临时，反而变得更坚强的故事。故答案为C。]
B
In
a
movie，a
woman
reads
a
storybook
to
her
friend's
daughter.As
they
approach
the
last
page，she
reads，“...and
Cinderella
and
the
prince
lived
happily
ever
after.”She
closes
the
book
and
looks
at
the
young
girl，adding，“You
know，things
don't
always
happen
like
this
in
real
life，I
just
think
you
should
know
that
now.”
We
were
all
raised
on
fairy
tales
with
glass
slippers，brave
princes
and
magic！It
didn't
take
too
long
to
realize
that
stories
like
that
aren't
necessarily
true.In
real
life，you
learn
that
glass
slippers
are
really
uncomfortable，no
prince
is
perfect
and
magic
doesn't
always
work.
So
what
do
you
do
when
the
way
you
planned
things
is
not
the
way
they
turned
out?
Know
that
parts
of
your
fairy
tale
have
already
been
written，and
sadly，there's
not
much
you
can
do
about
those
first
few
chapters.You
didn't
get
the
best
start.Your
trust
was
unexpectedly
betrayed
(背叛)．You
didn't
get
the
job.Whatever
falls
and
failures
happened
in
your
past，there's
still
more
to
the
story.
Your
life
has
a
lot
of
contributors
(投稿者)，and
you
are
the
editor?in?chief.You
take
what's
there
and
create
the
masterpiece
(杰作)．All
the
good
pages
and
the
bad
can
come
together
to
make
a
beautiful
adventure.
When
you
find
yourself
wishing
your
life
was
more
like
the
fairy
tales，remember
that
in
some
ways
it
already
is.There
will
be
dragons，bad
witches，great
romances，winding
roads
and
friends
to
help
you
along
the
way.Live
your
life
carefully
and
positively
as
if
you
are
writing
a
long
story.Whether
it's
a
comedy，tragedy
or
a
little
of
both，the
pen
is
in
your
hand.How
it
ends
is
all
up
to
you.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇具有教育意义的文章。通过现实生活和童话故事的比较，阐明了要积极乐观的生活的观点。
5．According
to
the
first
paragraph，we
know
the
woman
is
________．
A．wise
B．cruel
C．brave
D．patient
A [推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“adding，‘You
know，things
don't
always
happen
like
this
in
real
life，I
just
think
you
should
know
that
now’．”可以看出这个女人是一个智慧的人，故选A。]
6．Why
does
the
author
raise
the
question
in
Paragraph
3?
A．To
compare
different
ideas.
B．To
express
the
doubts
of
life.
C．To
introduce
points
for
discussion.
D．To
describe
the
conditions
in
real
life.
C [推理判断题。很明显，作者提出了这样的一个问题，从而引出了讨论点，后面三段都是围绕这个进行讨论的，故选C。]
7．Which
of
the
following
may
NOT
often
appear
in
fairy
tales?
A．Glass
slippers.
B．Winding
roads.
C．Sad
endings.
D．Bad
witches.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段及最后一段，可知在童话故事里会常出现glass
slippers，bad
witches及winding
roads，但没有提到悲伤的结局，故选C。]
8．What
is
the
message
expressed
in
the
passage?
A．Be
positive
about
life.
B．Write
your
own
stories.
C．Parents
should
tell
fairy
tales
to
their
kids.
D．There
are
many
problems
in
school
education.
A [主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Live
your
life
carefully
and
positively
as
if
you
are
writing
a
long
story”可以推测，本文主要想要阐明要积极乐观的生活的观点，故选A。]
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Every
day
around
the
world
thousands
of
people
with
little
or
no
scholarly
training
in
art
history
walk
into
museums.They
may
or
may
not
read
notice
boards
that
share
relevant
information
of
the
artworks
or
artists.Imagine，before
being
permitted
to
direct
their
eyeballs
to
the
art
on
the
walls，museum
visitors
were
required
to
read
a
15?
or
20?page
introduction
to
each
piece
or
each
artist.How
many
people
would
go
to
museums
if
that
were
the
case?
Yet
this
seems
to
be
the
expectation
when
it
comes
to
reading
classic
literature.Classic
novels
typically
come
with
15?
or
20?page
introductions，which
often
include
spoilers，assuming
that
readers
do
not
come
to
classic
books
to
discover，be
absorbed
in，and
be
surprised
by
the
story
world.Also，apparently，we
mustn't
read
classics
alone，without
experts
guiding
our
experiences.
However，classic
literature
is
in
a
unique
position
to
show
us
that
we're
not
alone
in
our
pains
and
joys.By
taking
us
out
of
our
time，classic
books
free
us
to
see
beyond
the
set
of
beliefs
we
stick
to
and
to
connect
human
experiences
that
remain
alive
across
time
and
place.What
could
be
more
grounding，more
comforting，than
seeing
ourselves
in
the
battles，longings，and
pleasures
that
have
played
out
across
hundreds，thousands
of
years
of
human
history?
Our
personal
engagement
is
the
first
step
of
a
longer
journey
of
discovery，that
deepens
our
knowledge
and
understanding
of
ourselves
and
our
world.We
may，for
example，feel
for
Hester
Prynne
from
Nathaniel
Hawthorne's
The
Scarlet
Letter
though
we
despair
of
the
world
she
lived
in.
While
we're
letting
go
of
things，let's
stop
worrying
about
understanding
everything.We
can't.It
will
be
fun
if
we
embrace
curiosity，the
pleasure
of
working
out
a
mystery，and
our
common
relationships
as
humans.We
can
feel，for
example，the
power
of
self?sacrifice
in
Charles
Dickens'
A
Tale
of
Two
Cities
even
when
we
lack
full
understanding
of
the
cultural
references
and
language.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Nowadays，most
people
who
visit
museums
every
day
lack
professional
art
knowledge.(要点1)So
do
most
people
reading
classic
literature.(要点2)
While
reading
classic，don't
try
to
understand
everything
and
it
is
better
to
let
go
of
things.(要点3)
Read
classics
with
curiosity
and
pleasure
of
working
out
a
mystery.Reading
classic
is
a
personal
exploration.(要点4)
5/5速读P62－63教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确的，还是错误的，还是没有提及。
1．The
author
finds
all
the
newspapers
at
the
Tube
station
are
free.( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
2．London
seldom
reaches
30
plus
degree
in
summer.( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．There
is
a
volcano
in
London
that
is
erupting.( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．The
author
and
the
passenger
beside
him
are
working
in
the
same
place.( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．The
outside
of
the
Tube
is
cooler
that
the
inside.( )
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BACCA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．because
he
wants
to
avoid
the
disasters
B．because
it
is
hot
and
crowded
in
it
C．because
the
temperature
is
lower
outside
D．because
the
disasters
are
serious
and
dangerous
E．because
the
temperature
is
higher
than
expected
F．because
he
wants
to
go
to
work
by
boat
1．The
newspaper
has
the
title“Hot！Hot！Hot！”_______．
2．The
author
feels
sick
in
the
Tube________________．
3．The
author
wants
to
sell
his
flat________________
．
4．The
author
feels
shocked
at
the
photos
________________．
5．The
author
wants
to
move
to
space
________________．
6．The
author
feels
good
walking
out
of
the
Tube
_______．
[答案] 1－6 EBFDAC
Ⅲ.表格填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入合适的单词或短语。
Location
What
the
author
finds
What
the
author
feels
Outside
of
the
Tube
I
see
1.the
title
of
the
newspaper
“Hot！Hot！Hot！”．
The
central
line
is
2.the
hottest
on
the
whole
Tube
system.
Inside
the
Tube
Going
down
the
stairs
and
onto
the
platform
is
like
3.jumping
into
a
volcano
that
is
erupting.One
very
hot
summer，the
4.melted
cars
parked
below.
It
is
lovely
at
the
beach，but
I
feel
I
am
5.melting
together
with
the
passenger
beside
me
and
feel
a
bit
6.sick．I
hope
I
can
7.make
it
to
Bank
Station.
Each
summer
inLondon
seems8.hotter
than
the
last.
I
suddenly
feel
a
bit
scared.
9.Looking
through
the
newspaper,
I
find
the
photos
showing
the
disasters.
I
am
shocked.
Outside
of
the
Tube
again
The
10.announcement
tells
him
of
the
coming
of
his
destination.
I
suddenly
feel
a
fresh
wind
on
my
face.
细读P62－63教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
细读课文，匹配段落大意。
1．Paragraph
1
A．The
author's
feeling
after
walking
out
of
the
Tube.
2．Paragraph
2
B．What
the
author
finds
and
feels
before
entering
the
Tube.
3．Paragraph
3
C．The
strange
ideas
of
the
author
in
the
Tube.
4．Paragraph
4
D．The
author's
experience
inside
the
Tube.
5．Paragraph
5
E．The
shocking
news
about
the
disaster
from
the
newspaper.
[答案] 1－5 BDCEA
Ⅱ.单项选择
细读课文，选择最佳答案。
1．What
does
the
text
mainly
tell
us?
A．There
is
a
volcano
in
London
erupting
now.
B．The
working
place
will
move
to
the
top
floor.
C．The
author
wants
to
sell
his
flat
and
buy
a
boat.
D．The
temperature
in
London
is
higher
than
before.
2．What
do
we
know
about
the
Central
Line
in
London?
A．It
was
built
earlier
than
most
of
the
other
lines.
B．The
air
conditioning
was
invented
early
than
it.
C．Going
down
on
the
stairs
is
hard
for
the
passengers.
D．It
was
the
hottest
and
deepest
on
the
world's
Tube
system.
3．Why
does
the
author
feel
uncomfortable
in
the
Tube?
A．Because
he
is
wearing
a
suit
today.
B．Because
he
had
special
food
for
breakfast.
C．Because
he
can
make
it
to
Bank
Station
soon.
D．Because
there
are
many
people
and
much
hot
air.
4．What
makes
the
author
feel
shocked
and
nervous?
A．The
bad
weather
caused
by
the
climate
change.
B．The
heavy
rain
and
the
landslides
in
Eastern
Europe.
C．The
thought
of
avoiding
a
disaster
and
moving
to
space.
D．The
photos
and
the
news
of
the
disasters
around
the
world.
5．Why
does
the
author
feel
good
after
walking
out
of
the
Tube?
A．Because
he
has
been
worrying
too
much.
B．Because
he
is
moving
to
space.
C．Because
he
feels
cooler
outside.
D．Because
the
destination
is
here
now.
[答案] 1－5 DADDC
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能之——文章结构之位移
A．文中表示主体位移的句子。
1．Sure
enough，going
down
the
stairs
and
onto
the
platform
is
like
jumping
into
a
volcano
that's
erupting.(下楼梯走上地铁的站台)
2．Because
there's
no
air
conditioning，the
temperature
inside
the
train
can
reach
35
degrees！(在地铁车厢里面)
3．Stepping
out
of
the
station
with
a
heavy
heart，I
suddenly
feel
a
fresh
wind
on
my
face.(走出地铁)
B．判断下列是否表示主体位移的句子。
1．It
is
going
to
be
awful
on
the
Central
Line
with
no
air
conditioning.
( )
2．One
very
hot
summer，the
sun
reflected
off
it
and
melted
cars
parked
below！
( )
3．Now
that
it's
hard
to
avoid
a
disaster
on
Earth,
perhaps
I
should
start
thinking
about
moving
to
space...
( )
[答案] 1－3 ××√
1/4课时分层作业(十七)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He
hurt
his
leg
while
riding(ride)
a
horse
during
the
holiday.
2．If
burnt(burn)，rubber
can
give
off
a
poisonous
gas.
3．The
young
soldier
lay
there
still，as
if
dead(die)．
4．He
opened
his
lips
as
if
to
say
(say)
something
but
he
didn't.
5．English
words
are
easily
forgotten
unless
constantly
repeated(repeat)．
6．If
he
says
he
will
come
to
your
birthday
party，he
will．
7．He
spent
more
money
than
his
parents
had
expected(expect)．
8．We
are
looking
for
someone
who
is
reliable
(rely)
and
hard?working.
9．She
grabbed
(grab)
the
child's
hand
and
ran.
10．Of
all
China's
rivers，the
Yangtze
River
is
the
longest
(long)．
Ⅱ.完形填空
I
had
a
good
day
today.It
1
with
a
morning
walk
with
my
dogs
under
the
moonlight
before
daybreak.It
was
so
beautiful.After
the
2
it
was
time
for
a
warm
breakfast
followed
by
some
exercise
and
prayer.Then
I
drove
to
the
office.The
warm
sunlight
made
me
3
and
since
I
was
alone
with
nobody
else
to
be
disturbed，I
4
along
with
the
CD
playing
in
my
car
with
a
loud
voice
and
a
happy
heart.
My
good
day
was
just
beginning，
5
.I
helped
it
along
by
giving
cheerful
greetings
to
everyone
I
met.I
shared
smiles
and
was
happy
to
have
them
6
．I
offered
a
helping
hand
to
one
friend
and
a
pat
on
the
back
to
another.Later
at
the
store
I
7
the
door
for
a
lady
with
her
arms
full
of
packages.I
told
a
8
cashier
what
a
good
job
she
was
doing
and
watched
her
whole
face
9
．
When
I
got
home
I
gave
my
daughter
a
hug，kissed
my
oldest
son
on
the
head，and
10
with
my
youngest
son
before
doing
some
work
on
the
computer.Then
I
answered
letters
11
to
share
a
loving
thought
or
two
with
my
friends
around
the
world.Later
in
the
evening
I
spent
some
12
time
reading
a
good
book，petting
my
dogs
on
the
head.
13
I
ended
the
day
the
way
I
started
it:
walking
my
dogs
under
the
moonlight,
and
having
the
14
to
live
for
one
more
good
day.
Perhaps
the
key
to
having
a
great
life
is
to
live
it
one
good
day
15
．Perhaps
the
key
to
being
happy
in
this
world
is
to
love
all
we
have
today.
【语篇解读】 作者通过自己美好的一天告诉人们：爱你今天所拥有的一切，开开心心过好每一天。
1．A.started
out
B．got
along
C．took
over
D．broke
out
A [根据第三段中的“I
ended
the
day
the
way
I
started
it:
walking
my
dogs”可知，今天开始于清晨带着狗散步。start
out开始从事，着手进行。故选A。]
2．A.class
B．walk
C．talk
D．experiment
B [根据常识可知，散步后是早饭时间，紧跟着是运动和祈祷。故选B。]
3．A.cough
B．smile
C．progress
D．shake
B [温暖的阳光使我微笑。smile微笑。故选B。]
4．A.jumped
B．practiced
C．danced
D．sang
D [根据“the
CD
playing
in
my
car
with
a
loud
voice
and
a
happy
heart”可知我跟着CD唱歌。故选D。]
5．A.anyhow
B．besides
C．however
D．instead
C [根据下文的描述可知，此处句意为：然而，这只是我美好的一天的开始。however然而。故选C。]
6．A.afforded
B．returned
C．ignored
D．accepted
B [我分享微笑，很高兴他人回报微笑。return归还，返回。故选B。]
7．A.held
B．closed
C．repaired
D．knocked
A [后来我在商店门口为一位拿着包裹的女士扶住门。hold握住。故选A。]
8．A.sleepy
B．selfish
C．tired
D．proud
C [我对一个感到劳累的收银员说她在做一份好工作，看到她面露喜色。tired累的。故选C。]
9．A.show
up
B．calm
down
C．pass
away
D．light
up
D [参考上一题解析。light
up露出喜色。故选D。]
10．A.played
B．drank
C．competed
D．argued
A [和最小的儿子玩耍。play玩。故选A。]
11．A.offering
B．agreeing
C．trying
D．remembering
C [我给朋友写回信，想和我全世界的朋友分享一两个充满爱意的想法。try尝试。故选C。]
12．A.quiet
B．rainy
C．dark
D．freezing
A [晚上晚点的时候我会花费安静的时间阅读一本好书。quiet安静的。故选A。]
13．A.Frequently
B．Actually
C．Suddenly
D．Finally
D [最后我以开始的方式结束了这一天。finally最后。故选D。]
14．A.goal
B．household
C．chance
D．schedule
C [有机会过又一个美好的一天。chance机会。故选C。]
15．A.right
now
B．at
a
time
C．now
and
then
D．at
the
same
time
B [或许拥有美好生活的关键是好好过每一天。at
a
time一次。故选B。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Once，a
gentleman
found
a
parrot
in
the
woods.The
parrot
1.________(lie)
on
the
ground，flapping(拍动)
its
wings.The
gentleman
walked
to
it.When
he
got
close
and
looked
at
it，he
found
the
parrot
had
got
injured.The
gentleman
was
so
kind?hearted
that
he
took
it
home.
The
parrot
2.________(take)
good
care
of
at
the
gentleman's
home.Some
days
later，the
parrot
recovered
and
could
fly
around
again.But
the
parrot
didn't
go.Instead，it
lived
with
the
gentleman
and
learned
such
nice
3.________(word)
as
“please”
and
“thank
you”．
About
two
years
later，when
the
parrot
was
flying
around
the
house，a
kid
4.________(pass)
by
caught
it
and
took
it
home.The
gentleman
searched
5.________
it
everywhere
after
noticing
it
was
gone
but
failed
to
find
it，6.________
made
the
gentleman
very
sad.
About
half
a
year
later，one
day
when
the
gentleman
was
walking
in
a
neighborhood
nearby，he
heard
7.________
voice
shouting，“You
stupid
thing.Go
away.”
The
gentleman
was
8.________
(surprise)．When
he
looked
up，he
found
it
was
a
parrot
that
was
shouting
at
him.And
when
he
looked
9.________(careful)，he
recognized
it
was
his
missing
parrot.
Though
it
was
his
missing
parrot，it
had
forgotten
all
10.________(it)
good
manners.It
formed
the
habit
of
speaking
dirty
words
just
like
the
people
living
there.
【语篇解读】 一只鹦鹉跟一位绅士住在一起的时候很有礼貌，换了环境后，它变得粗鲁起来。
1．was
lying [考查动词的时态。那位绅士当时看到那只鹦鹉正躺在地上，故用过去进行时。]
2．was
taken [考查动词的时态及语态。the
parrot是take这个动作的承受者，又因为这个动作发生在过去，故需用一般过去时的被动语态。]
3．words [考查名词复数。根据“please”
and
“thank
you”可知需用word的复数形式。]
4．passing [考查非谓语动词。此处现在分词作定语，意为“一个从这儿经过的小孩”。]
5．for [考查介词。search
for
sth.意为“寻找某物”。]
6．which [考查关系代词。这里需填关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面句子描述的事。]
7．a [考查冠词。这里不是特指某个声音，而是说听到一个声音，故用不定冠词。]
8．surprised [考查词性转换。那位绅士感到很惊讶，故填形容词形式surprised。]
9．carefully [考查词性转换。look是动词，需用副词修饰动词，故填careful的副词形式。]
10．its [考查代词。主语是it，故填形容词性物主代词its，指代“鹦鹉的”。]
1/5课时分层作业(十六)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据首字母或汉语提示完成句子。
1．The
disaster
of
2019
caused
great
loss
to
many
southern
cities
in
America.
2．The
mice
ran
away
through
the
tube
buried
in
the
earth.
3．The
volcano
beside
the
city
is
most
likely
to
erupt
suddenly
in
a
few
days.
4．Hearing
the
news，he
ran
down
the
stairs
immediately
and
got
there.
5．The
announcement
made
the
headmaster
surprised.
6．Accidents
of
this
kind
rarely
occur
(发生)
in
our
community
these
days.
7．If
the
temperature
rises
to
30
degree
plus(多，余)，take
your
T?shirts.
8．It
was
the
news
of
hurricane
(飓风)that
made
the
residents
panic
in
horror.
9．It
is
difficult
to
forecast
(预测)how
the
markets
will
react.
10．The
government
has
declared
a
state
of
emergency(紧急情况)．
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
The
African
elephant，the
largest
land
animal
remaining
on
earth，is
of
great
importance
to
African
ecosystem.Unlike
other
animals，the
African
elephant
is
to
a
great
extent
the
builder
of
its
environment.As
a
big
plant?eater，it
largely
shapes
the
forest?and?savanna(大草原)
surroundings
in
which
it
lives，therefore
setting
the
terms
of
existence
for
millions
of
other
animals
that
live
in
its
habitat.
It
is
the
elephant's
great
desire
for
food
that
makes
it
a
disturber
of
the
environment
and
an
important
builder
of
its
habitat.In
its
continuous
search
for
the
300
pounds
of
plants
it
must
have
every
day，it
kills
small
trees
and
under?bushes，and
pulls
branches
off
big
trees.This
results
in
numerous
open
spaces
in
both
deep
tropical
forests
and
in
the
woodlands
that
cover
part
of
the
African
savannas.In
these
open
spaces
are
numerous
plants
in
various
stages
of
growth
that
attract
a
variety
of
other
plant?eaters.
Take
the
rainforests
for
example.In
their
natural
state，the
spreading
branches
overhead
shut
out
sunlight
and
prevent
the
growth
of
plants
on
the
forest
floor.By
pulling
down
trees
and
eating
plants，elephants
make
open
spaces，allowing
new
plants
to
grow
on
the
forest
floor.In
such
situations
the
forests
become
suitable
for
large
hoofed
plant?eaters
to
move
around
and
for
small
plant?eaters
to
get
their
food
as
well.
What
worries
scientists
now
is
that
the
African
elephant
has
become
an
endangered
species.If
the
elephant
disappears，scientists
say，many
other
animals
will
also
disappear
from
vast
areas
of
forest
and
savanna，greatly
changing
and
worsening
the
whole
ecosystem.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。非洲象对非洲森林和大草原的生态系统十分重要，
它们的觅食对生态环境有很大影响。现在，
令科学家们担忧的是，
非洲象正濒临灭绝，
这也就意味着整个非洲的生态系统正在遭受威胁。
1．What
does
the
underlined
phrase
“setting
the
terms”
most
probably
mean?
A．Improving
the
quality.
B．Worsening
the
state.
C．Fixing
the
time.
D．Deciding
the
conditions.
D [词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，
非洲象对非洲的生态系统十分重要，
它们在很大程度上是生态环境的创造者，
它们塑造了非洲的森林和大草原的环境。由此可推断出，
非洲象决定了在它们的栖息地上生活的其他动物的生存条件。因此，
“setting
the
terms”的意思应为“决定了条件”。故选D。]
2．The
passage
is
developed
mainly
by
________．
A．showing
the
effect
and
then
explaining
the
causes
B．giving
examples
C．pointing
out
similarities
and
differences
D．describing
the
changes
in
time
order
A [写作手法题。根据文章内容可知，
第一段内容主要介绍了非洲象对整个非洲生态环境的重大影响，
接下来的三段话主要解释了为什么它们会有这么大的影响。因此全文应是按照先给出结果、再说明原因的方式展开的。故选A。]
3．What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
A．Forests
and
savannas
as
habitats
for
African
elephants.
B．The
eating
habit
of
African
elephants.
C．Disappearance
of
African
elephants.
D．The
effect
of
African
elephants'
search
for
food.
D [主旨大意题。根据文章内容可判断出，
本文主要讲述了非洲象对非洲森林和大草原的生态系统的重要性，
它们的觅食对生态环境有很大影响。故选D。]
4．What
do
we
know
about
the
open
spaces
in
the
passage?
A．They
are
home
to
many
endangered
animals.
B．They
result
from
the
destruction
of
rainforests.
C．They
are
attractive
to
plant?eating
animals
of
different
kinds.
D．They
provide
food
mainly
for
African
elephants.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“In
these
open
spaces
are
numerous
plants
in
various
stages
of
growth
that
attract
a
variety
of
other
plant?eaters.”可知，
那些开阔的地方对各种食草动物很具吸引力。故选C。]
B
An
earthquake
is
one
of
the
most
common
natural
disasters.It
may
cause
great
damage.So
it
is
wise
to
learn
some
simple
safety
tips
to
protect
yourself
or
your
family
members.
Fragile
items，like
those
made
of
glass
should
usually
be
placed
on
a
lower
surface，near
the
ground
instead
of
placing
them
on
cupboards.Never
place
them
near
your
bed，sofas
and
other
furniture
where
you
would
be
sitting
or
lying
down.When
there
is
a
strong
movement，these
pieces
will
fall
on
the
floor
directly
and
not
on
you.
There
is
a
strong
chance
of
short
circuits
(短路)
and
fire
breakouts
during
an
earthquake.Make
sure
you
turn
off
electrical
connections
and
gas
immediately
when
an
earthquake
happens.
During
an
earthquake，lie
beneath
an
object
that
is
not
easily
damaged.Do
not
go
near
objects
that
could
directly
fall
on
you.Never
use
the
elevator
to
go
down.Stay
inside
until
the
shaking
stops
and
it
is
safe
to
go
outside.Research
has
shown
that
most
injuries
happen
when
people
inside
buildings
try
to
go
out.Use
the
staircases
at
all
times.
If
you
are
outdoors，do
not
take
shelter
under
a
tree，streetlights，electric
poles
or
tall
buildings.If
you
are
driving，stop
your
car
and
stay
in
a
safe
place.Do
not
park
your
car
under
a
tree
or
any
tall
object.
If
trapped
in
debris
(瓦砾堆)，cover
your
mouth
with
a
handkerchief
or
clothing.Tap
on
a
pipe
or
wall
so
rescuers
can
find
you.Use
a
whistle
(哨子)
if
one
is
available.Never
shout
for
help.Shouting
can
cause
you
to
breathe
in
dangerous
amounts
of
dust.Do
not
light
a
match
because
you
may
burn
yourself.Do
not
move
about
or
kick
up
dust.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了地震时应采取的一些安全措施。
5．The
purpose
of
the
passage
is
to
tell
readers
________．
A．the
damage
caused
by
earthquakes
B．the
rescue
work
after
earthquakes
C．what
to
do
about
earthquakes
D．how
to
prevent
earthquakes
C [写作意图题。从第一段的“So
it
is
wise
to
learn
some
simple
safety
tips
to
protect
yourself
or
your
family
members.”可知，本文的主要目的是介绍地震时应采取的一些安全措施。]
6．The
underlined
word
“Fragile”
in
Paragraph
2
probably
means
________．
A．easily
broken
B．easily
found
C．expensive
D．heavy
A [词义猜测题。根据画线词后所给的例子“like
those
made
of
glass”及段末的pieces可知这里指“易碎的”。]
7．During
the
earthquake，people
are
advised
to
________．
A．go
out
the
building
at
once
B．turn
off
power
and
gas
immediately
C．take
shelter
under
a
tree
D．drive
to
a
safe
place
B [细节理解题。从第三段“Make
sure
you
turn
off
electrical
connections
and
gas
immediately
when
an
earthquake
happens.”可知，地震时在室内的话应首先关闭电源和煤气。故选B项。]
8．What
should
people
NOT
do
when
they
are
trapped
in
debris?
A．Cover
their
mouth
with
a
handkerchief.
B．Tap
on
a
pipe
or
wall
for
help.
C．Use
a
whistle
for
help.
D．Light
a
fire
for
help.
D [细节理解题。从最后一段的“Do
not
light
a
match
because
you
may
burn
yourself.”可知，地震时如被埋，不要点火求救，这可能会烧着自己。故选D项。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Traveling
is
a
very
enjoyable
experience
as
it
provides
an
opportunity
to
see
new
things.
1
The
following
article
discusses
the
advantages
of
traveling.
Traveling
gives
you
the
opportunity
to
disconnect
from
your
regular
life.People
all
have
crazy
schedules，work
and
a
family
to
take
care
of，and
traveling
alone
or
with
some
friends
can
give
you
distance
and
perhaps
even
make
you
realize
how
important
these
people
are
to
you.
2
Another
great
benefit
is
the
relaxation
you
get.
3
When
you
come
back
you
feel
energetic
and
you
are
happy
to
be
back
to
your
daily
routine.
4
They
will
create
a
bond
that
nothing
can
erase
no
matter
what
happens
to
the
friendship/relationship.You
can
create
photo
albums
and
when
you
feel
nostalgic(对往事怀恋的)
you
can
experience
the
trips
again
by
looking
at
your
pictures.
It's
never
been
this
cheap
to
travel.With
increasing
oil
prices
the
cheap
travel
era
might
be
coming
to
an
end.
5
With
the
Internet
and
all
the
new
technologies，you
can
plan
your
trip
exactly
the
way
you
want
it.You
can
choose
your
budget，the
duration
of
the
trip
and
what
you
want
to
do.
A．It's
nice
to
enjoy
a
stress?free
time.
B．As
the
saying
goes，you
never
know
what
you
have
until
you
lose
it.
C．When
traveling
with
friends
or
family
it
creates
memories
of
a
lifetime.
D．Discovering
different
values
and
ways
to
get
by
in
life
is
really
interesting.
E．Going
on
a
trip
means
that
you
are
most
likely
going
to
spend
time
outside.
F．However，there
are
still
many
budget
airlines
fighting
for
your
dollar
right
now.
G．There
are
many
benefits
other
than
enjoying
yourself
that
can
be
realized
when
you
travel.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。介绍了旅行的好处。
1．G [根据上下文，文章开头谈到旅行能为你提供欣赏新事物的机会，是一种愉快的经历，空格后文章接下来谈论旅行的好处，故此处承上启下，谈论旅行除了让你玩得开心之外还有其他好处。]
2．B [根据上文，谈到旅行使人有机会脱离常规的生活，独自或与朋友一起旅行可以给你距离感甚至意识到这些人对你有多重要，故此处谈正如名言所说的那样，人总是在失去后才懂得珍惜，回应上句的内容。]
3．A [根据上文，旅行的另一个重大益处是你能得到放松，故此处进一步谈你能享受没有压力的时间是非常好的，即放松自我。]
4．C [根据下文，此处作为主题句与朋友或家人旅行时可以留下终生难忘的美好回忆。]
5．F [根据上下文，上文谈到旅行成本越来越高，下文谈到你可以通过网络或高科技选择自己旅行的支出预算，故此处谈的是有很多适合你的经济情况的航班等。]
6/61．erupt
v．(火山)爆发，喷发→
eruption
n．(火山)爆发，喷发
2．immediate
adj.立即的，直接的→immediately
adv.即刻，马上
3．occur
v．发生
→occurrence
n．发生，发现；事件
4．type
n．类型，模范，典型→typical
adj.典型的，象征性的
5．compare
v．比较→comparison
n．比较
1．erupt
v．(指火山)爆发；(情绪)突然爆发；突然发生；(指斑点等)在皮肤上出现
①It's
many
years
since
Mount
Vesuvius
last
erupted.
(指火山)爆发
②Violence
has
erupted
on
the
streets.
突然发生
③When
I
saw
the
size
of
the
bill
I
simply
erupted
and
became
quite
angry.
(情绪)
突然爆发
④A
rash
has
erupted
all
over
my
back.
(指斑点等)在皮肤上出现
2．immediately
adv.立即，即刻；直接地；在临近，紧接着；conj.一……就
①During
the
conference
he
sat
in
the
seat
immediately
in
front
of
me.
在临近，紧接着
②He
confirmed
who
was
immediately
responsible
to
the
accident.直接地
③He
did
all
sorts
of
tricks
immediately
I
turned
around.
一……就
④Seeing
the
invitation，I
wrote
him
an
answer
immediately.
立即，即刻
3．pick
up拾起；捡起；接收(信号)；(偶然)学会；收拾；整理；(用车)接(人)；(健康、生意等)好转；买到
①The
school
bus
picks
up
the
children
three
times
every
day.
(用车)接(人)
②The
equipment
picked
up
the
signal
from
the
satellite.
接收(信号)
③He
picked
up
some
French
while
he
was
away
on
a
business
trip
in
Paris.
(偶然)学会
④My
friend
began
to
pick
up
after
staying
in
hospital
for
several
days.
(健康、生意等)好转
⑤The
twin
sisters
were
shopping
on
Women's
Day
and
managed
to
pick
up
bags
of
bargains.
买到
Words
and
Phrases
react
to
对……做出回应
(教材P61) How
did
people
there
react
to
the
disaster?
那里的人们对灾难如何做出回应？
[例1] The
public
reacted
strongly
to
the
news
that
someone
treated
his
parents
badly.
公众对有人不善待父母的新闻反应强烈。
[例2] How
did
the
coach
react
to
the
news
of
the
failure？教练听到这个失败消息时有何反应？
[造句] 学生们对减少假期的天数的决定怎么回应？
How
do
the
students
react
to
the
decision
of
reducing
the
days
of
the
holiday?
[知识拓展]
(1)react
on/upon
对……有影响
react
with
与……产生化学反应
react
against
反对；反抗
(2)reaction
n.
反应；起作用(常与介词to连用)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Many
chemical
substances
react
with
oxygen.
②Our
eyes
react
to
the
light.
pick
up
拾起，拿起
(教材P62) Picking
up
a
free
newspaper
at
the
Tube
station，I
see
the
title“Hot！Hot！Hot！”．
拿起地铁站的免费报纸，我看到标题“热！热！热！”。
[例1] He
picked
up
the
child
and
put
her
on
his
shoulders.
他抱起孩子让她骑在自己的肩膀上。
[例2] The
children
picked
up
many
sea
shells
at
the
sea
shore.
孩子们在海边捡到了许多贝壳。
[造句] 他很善良帮助那个老人拾起了他的书。
He
was
so
kind
to
help
the
old
man
to
pick
up
his
book.
[知识拓展]
pick
out
挑选出；了解；领会
pick
on
挑选；选中；批评
pick
and
choose
挑三拣四，仔细挑选
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
have
picked
out
the
bad
tomatoes
from
the
basket.
②The
examiners
can
pick
on
any
student
to
answer
questions.
[小片段填空]
One
day
Johnson
saw
an
old
radio
on
his
way
to
school
and
picked
it
up．He
turned
it
on
and
found
it
still
picked
up
very
clear
signals
from
foreign
BBC.The
boy
planned
to
pick
up
some
British
English.At
the
thought，he
ran
to
school
so
excitedly
that
he
fell
down
onto
the
ground.Luckily
he
picked
himself
up．
一天约翰逊在上学的路上发现了一部旧收音机就把他捡了起来。他把收音机打开发现居然能接收到BBC非常清晰的信号。男孩计划用它来学点英式英语。想到这个想法，他往学校跑得太激动了以至于摔倒在地上，幸好他自己爬了起来。
be
expected
to有望做某事，被期待做某事
(教材P62) Today，the
temperature
in
London
is
expected
to
reach
30
plus
degrees!
今天，伦敦的气温预计将达到30度以上！
[例1] The
rare
disease
is
expected
to
be
cured
in
a
short
period
of
time.
这种罕见的疾病预计能在短时间内治愈。
[例2] All
the
students
are
expected
to
participate
in
the
activity
actively.
期待所有的学生能积极参加这项活动。
[造句] 这本书本月预计要卖到1
500本。
This
book
is
expected
to
sell
1，500
copies
this
month.
[知识拓展]
expect
v．
期望；预料；要求；认为(某事)会发生
expectation
n.
期待；预期；前程
expected
adj.
预计要发生的，期待中的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Her
astonished
expression
suggested
that
she
hadn't
expected
(not
expect)that
result.
②The
result
was
out
of
his
expectation(expect)．Harry
looked
at
the
medal
in
surprise
without
saying
a
word.
compare
to
与……相比，和……比起来
(教材P62) This，however，is
nothing
compared
to
the
train.然而，与车厢内相比，这根本算不上什么。
[例1] She
is
tall，compared
to
most
of
her
classmates.
与她大多数同学相比，她算很高了。
[例2]
Film
has
a
much
shorter
history，especially
when
compared
to
such
art
forms
as
music
and
painting.电影的历史相对较短，尤其是和像音乐和绘画这样的艺术形式相比。
[造句] 与汽车相比，自行车不会造成环境问题。
Compared
to
cars，bicycles
cause
no
environmental
problems.
[知识拓展]
compare
A
with/and
B
把A和B加以比较
compare
A
to
B
B把A比作B
beyond/without
compare
无与伦比的，不可比的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Chairman
Mao
compared
the
young
to
the
morning
sun.
②I
carefully
compared
the
first
report
with
the
second.
make
it
及时赶到；成功；能参加
(教材P62) I
hope
I
can
make
it
to
Bank
station...我希望我能及时赶到银行站。
[例1] Sarah
made
it
to
the
airport
just
in
time
to
catch
her
plane
this
morning.
萨拉赶到了机场，正好及时赶上了今天早上的飞机。
[例2] I
don't
have
enough
money
to
make
it
through
the
week.我的钱不足以撑过这个星期。
[造句] 离发车还有10分钟，我想我们能赶得上。
The
train
won't
leave
for
another
ten
minutes，so
I
think
we
can
make
it.
[知识拓展]
make
it＋时间
定为某个时间
make
it
through...
挺过……，熬过……
make
it
a
rule
定为规则；养成一种习惯
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Let's
make
it
8：00
a．m.
if
you
want
to
go
to
the
park
with
me.
②I
make
it
a
rule
to
write
my
diary
every
night.
immediately
adv.即刻
马上
(教材P63) I'll
join
a
beginner's
swimming
class
immediately.
我马上参加初学者的游泳课。
[例1] I
immediately
jumped
up
on
my
bicycle
seat
and
started
home.我立即跳上自行车往家赶。
[例2] We
immediately
climbed
onto
the
table
and，for
the
next
four
hours，waited
for
those
snakes
to
leave
our
camp.我们立即跳上了桌子，接下来四个小时，等着那些蛇离开我们的帐篷。
[造句] 如果您能给我立即回复我将不胜感激。
I'll
appreciate
it
if
you
can
give
us
an
answer
immediately.
[知识拓展]
immediately
conj.
一……就
immediate
adj.
立即的；直接的；最接近的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①When
these
events
occur，you
should
not
let
them
determine
your
immediate
course.
②Immediately
I've
done
it
I
feel
completely
disgusted
with
myself.
occur
v．发生，出现；想起
(教材P63) Experts
say
this
bad
weather
has
occurred
due
to
climate
change.
专家说，这种坏天气是由于气候变化造成的。
[例1] Almost
all
of
tornadoes
occur
in
the
US，in
the
area
from
Texas
to
South
Dakota.
几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国德克萨斯州到南达科塔州一带地区。
[例2] The
serious
traffic
accident
occurred
yesterday
morning
and
three
people
were
confirmed
to
be
dead.
那场严重的交通事故发生在昨天上午，三人被确认死亡。
[造句] 我们都应该记住一些伟大的科学发现都是偶然发生的。
We
should
all
remember
that
some
great
scientific
discoveries
occurred
by
chance.
[知识拓展]
sth.occurs
to
sb.
某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到……
It
occurs
to
sb.that...
某人想到……
It
occurs
to
sb.to
do
sth...
某人想到……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①A
perfect
idea
occurred
(occur)
to
us
that
we
could
give
a
handmade
gift
to
our
teacher
for
Teachers'
Day.
②It
never
occurred
to
him
to
ask
(ask)
anyone
for
helping
him
with
English.
[小片段填空]
Last
month
something
really
amazing
occurred
in
Jack's
family.It
never
occurred
to
him
that
his
father
bought
what
he
had
been
longing
for.He
fell
into
great
excitement
and
a
perfect
idea
occurred
to
him
that
he
would
do
something
great
for
his
father.
上个月一件非常令人吃惊的事情发生在了杰克的家里。他从来没想过他的父亲居然给他买了他一直盼望的东西。他非常激动。突然一个绝妙的想法浮现在他脑海里，他得为父亲做点什么伟大的事情。
after
all
毕竟，终究
(教材P63) After
all，it's
only
30
degrees
outside.
毕竟外面只有30度。
[例1] You
shouldn't
do
that.After
all，he
is
your
father.
你不应该那样做。毕竟，他是你父亲。
[例2] After
two
years
of
hard
practice，I
passed
the
driving
exam
after
all.
经过两年的辛苦练习，我终于通过了考试。
[造句] 让他自己去上学，毕竟他十岁了。
Let
him
go
to
school
by
himself.After
all，he
is
ten
years
old.
[知识拓展]
in
all
总计，总共
above
all
首先；最重要的是
first
of
all
首先
all
in
all
总的来说
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There
were
a
hundred
people
in
all．
②Never
waste
anything，but
above
all
never
waste
time.
Sentence
Patterns
It
is
typical
that
从句
一贯如此；做某事是典型的
(教材P62) It's
just
typical
that
my
journey
is
on
one
of
the
oldest
lines，as
well
as
one
of
the
deepest.
一贯如此，我乘的是最古老的线路之一，也是其中一个最深层的。
句式分析：该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that主语从句。
[例1] It
is
typical
that
what
teachers
teach
is
what
exams
test.典型的就是老师教什么考试考什么。
[例2] It
is
typical
that
he
will
take
a
nap
after
lunch
every
day.他一贯的做法是每天午饭后小睡一会儿。
[造句] 来参加生日宴会忘记带礼物来正是他的特点。
It
is
typical
that
he
forgets
to
bring
a
present
when
attending
a
birthday
party.
[知识拓展]
(1)It＋be＋形容词(possible，obvious，important...)＋that从句
(2)It＋be＋名词短语(a
pity，a
fact，a
wonder，an
honour，an
idea，no
wonder...)＋that从句
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句
[翻译]
①It
is
obvious
that
without
the
help
of
the
whole
society，there
would
be
no
new
school
today.(很明显)
②It
is
true
that
this
is
a
good
chance
for
you
to
have
a
good
knowledge
of
traditional
Chinese
culture.(这是真实的)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's
a
pity
that
you've
missed
such
a
good
chance.
②It
is
generally
believed
(believe)
that
communication
skills
are
becoming
what
it
takes
to
be
a
good
doctor.
now
that
引导原因状语从句
(教材P63) Now
that
it's
hard
to
avoid
a
disaster
on
Earth，perhaps
I
should
start
thinking
about
moving
to
space...既然地球上的灾难很难避免，也许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去……
句式分析：now
that
引导的原因状语从句
[例1] Now
that
everyone
is
here，let's
begin
today's
meeting.既然大家都到了，
我们开始今天的会议。
[例2] Now
that
you
have
got
the
result，let
me
tell
you
what
caused
it.
既然你知道结果了，我来告诉你是什么造成的。
[造句] 既然晚饭准备好了，去洗洗手吧！
Now
that
the
dinner
is
ready，go
and
wash
your
hands!
[知识拓展]
英语中原因状语从句引导词还有：
(1)because表示直接的原因或理由，表示原因的语气最强。回答以why引导的特殊疑问句，只能用because。意为“因为”。
(2)since表示对方已经知道，无须加以说明的原因或事实，语气比because稍弱。意为“既然”。
(3)as往往表示十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或能看出来，语气较弱，比较口语化。as引导的句子一般放在句首。意为“由于”。
[翻译]
①I
draw
a
picture
everyday
because
I
like
it．(因为我喜欢)
②Since
it
is
so
hot，let's
go
swimming.(既然天这么热)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①—Why
were
you
absent
from
school
last
week?
—Because
my
mother
was
ill.
②Since
/Now
that
you
feel
uncomfortable，you'd
better
not
drive
to
do
business.
have
been
doing
sth.一直在做某事
(教材P63) Well，maybe
I
have
been
worrying
too
much.嗯，也许我一直太担心了。
句式分析：该句考查的时态是现在完成进行时，其结构是has/have
been
doing
sth.。
[例1] I
have
to
see
the
doctor
because
I
have
been
coughing
a
lot
lately.
我必须要去看医生了因为最近一直咳嗽的厉害。
[例2] —Why
do
you
want
to
work
for
our
company?
—This
is
the
job
that
I
have
been
looking
for.
——为什么你要在我公司工作？
——这是我一直在寻找的那种工作。
[造句] 过去这三年中，这个女孩一直在上排球课，一周两次。
The
girl
has
been
taking
volleyball
classes
twice
a
week
over
the
last
three
years.
[知识拓展]
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。现在完成进行时表示动作还在继续，现在完成时往往没有这层含义。现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感彩可言。
[翻译]
①雨下了两小时。
It
has
rained
for
two
hours.
②雨已经一直下了两小时了。
It
has
been
raining
for
two
hours.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
car
is
going
again
now.Tom
has
repaired
(repair)it.
②Tom's
hands
are
very
dirty.He
has
been
repairing
(repair)
the
car.
教材
高考
1.I
hope
I
can
make
it
to
Bank
station...
(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)It
was
a
real
race
against
time
to
get
the
project
done.Luckily，we
made
it.
2.Experts
say
this
bad
weather
has
occurred
due
to
climate
change.
(2016·江苏卷)Years
ago，a
critical
event
occurred
in
my
life
that
would
change
it
forever.
1．Looking
through
my
newspaper，I'm
shocked
by
photos
showing
that
a
hurricane
in
Asia
has
destroyed
a
town.
[分析] 本句是主从复合句。looking
through
my
newspaper是现在分词作状语。后面的showing
that
从句是photos的定语，其中that引导的是宾语从句。
[译文] 翻阅我的报纸，我很震惊地看到发生在亚洲的飓风摧毁了城市的照片。
2．Now
that
it's
hard
to
avoid
a
disaster
on
Earth，perhaps
I
should
start
thinking
about
moving
to
space...
[分析] 本句是主从复合句。从句是now
that
引导的原因状语从句，从句it是形式主语，代替后面的动词不定式。
[译文] 既然地球上的灾难很难避免，也许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去……
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We
are
expected
(expect)
to
take
part
in
the
Provincial
contest
next
month.
2．It
is
typical
(type)
that
he
will
fall
asleep
while
having
the
meeting.
3．Walking
into
the
underground
is
just
like
entering
a
volcano
that
is
erupting
(erupt)．
4．The
police
set
off
to
search
for
the
lost
boy
immediately
(immediate)
they
got
the
call.
5．Attention
please，everyone！I
have
a
very
important
announcement
(announce)
to
make.
6．It
never
occurred
(occur)
to
me
that
he
should
break
into
my
house
and
stole
my
notebook.
7．Most
importantly(important)，we
still
need
more
money
to
finish
the
task
successfully.
8．With
the
heavy
rain
outside，I
really
hope
my
parents
could
make
it
to
the
nearest
station.
9．Seeing
the
snake
winding
around
the
branch，I
felt
a
bit
scared
(scary)
and
ran
away.
10．Your
parents
have
been
waiting
(wait)
for
you
since
you
told
them
you
were
coming.
Ⅱ.短语填空
compared
to；after
all；next
to；what's
more；most
importantly；pick
up；make
it
1．Picking
up
the
apple
under
the
tree，I
found
a
worm
eating
inside
it.
2．Treat
the
boy
patiently.After
all，he
is
just
a
student
in
Grade
1.
3．Compared
to
the
result，the
process
where
we
have
been
working
matters
more.
4．He
drove
to
the
airport
to
pick
us
up.What's
more，he
took
warm
lunch
for
us.
5．Keep
yourself
active.Most
importantly，build
up
your
body
and
meanwhile，your
mind.
6．Although
it
was
late
into
the
night，he
made
it
to
the
subway
station
to
pick
me
up.
7．I
really
hope
the
man
next
to
me
could
stop
playing
his
cellphone
game.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The
temperature
in
London
1.is
expected
(expect)
to
reach
30
plus
degrees！You
may
find
the
newspapers
2.with
the
title“Hot！Hot！Hot！”．The
Central
Line
is
one
of
the
oldest
3.lines(line)and
one
of
the
4.deepest(deep)．Going
down
the
stairs
and
onto
the
platform
makes
you
hard
to
breathe
and
it
is
nothing，5.compared
(compare)
to
the
train.Some
of
the
passengers
in
it
feel
6.
a
bit
sick
and
they
hope
they
can
make
7.it
to
their
destination
soon.Each
summer
in
London
definitely
seems
8.hotter
(hot)
than
the
last.Perhaps
it
is
time
9.to
start
(start)
planning
for
the
future.Fortunately，if
you
step
out
of
the
station，you
10.will
feel
(feel)a
fresh
wind
on
your
face.
1/12Hope！Of
all
ills
that
man
endure，the
only
cheap
and
universal
cure.—Abraham
Cowley
在人们能忍受的一切疾病中，希望是唯一廉价和普遍的治疗。——亚伯拉罕·考利
Hope
is
the
second
soul
of
the
unhappy.
—Goethe
希望是不幸者的第二灵魂。
——歌德
The
natural
flights
of
the
human
mind
are
not
from
pleasure
to
pleasure，but
from
hope
to
hope.
—Samuel
Johnson
人类思想的天然线路，不是从享乐到享乐，而是从希望到希望。
——塞缪尔·约翰逊
My
hopes
are
not
always
realized，but
I
always
hope.
—Ovid
我的希望不是总能实现的，但我不断希望着。
——奥维德
Hope
is
like
the
sun，as
we
journey
toward
it，casts
the
shadow
of
our
burden
behind
us.
—Samuel
Smiles
希望犹如太阳，当我们向它行进时，便把我们负担的阴影投在身后。
——塞缪尔·斯迈尔斯
Man
is，properly
speaking，based
upon
hope；he
has
no
other
possession
but
hope.
—Carlyle
可以说，人是立足于希望之上的，除了希望他别无所有。
——卡莱尔
Hope
Is
The
Thing
With
Feathers
—Emily
Dickinson
Hope
is
the
thing
with
feathers，
That
perches
in
the
soul，
And
sings
the
tune
without
the
words，
And
never
stops
at
all.
And
sweetest
in
the
gale
is
heard；
And
sore
must
be
the
storm，
That
could
have
bashed
the
little
bird，
That
kept
so
many
warm.
I've
heard
it
in
the
chillest
land，
And
on
the
strangest
sea，
Yet，never，in
extremity，
Tasked
a
crumb
of
me.
希望是一只飞鸟
——艾米莉·狄金森
希望是一只飞鸟，
栖息在心灵的树梢；
它不停吟唱的无词曲调，
在风暴中越发美妙；
风暴一定因此懊恼，
本可以击败温暖人心的小鸟。
严寒的大地，陌生的狂涛，
我仍然能听到它的鸣叫；
即便是处在极端的周遭，
它也从不向我索要分毫。
Hope
is
what
makes
your
life
continue
forward.Setting
goals
for
yourself
is
fine，but
impossible
to
reach
without
hope.Many
humans
believe
that
hope
is
something
that
creates
disappointment.However，hope
provides
you
with
the
ability
to
project
success，helps
you
to
know
challenges
lying
ahead，and
provides
the
strength
needed
to
remain
appropriately
focused
on
your
goals.
Hope
provides
you
with
trust，healthy
and
responsible
anticipation.Hope
does
not
create
disappointment
but
expectation
does.Because
when
you
expects，you
ignorantly
narrows
your
focus.Expectation
is
what
creates
disappointment
by
causing
each
expectant
individual
to
feel
pessimistic
about
failure，impatient
with
new
fears
and
challenges，and
immature
and
uneducated
when
their
narrow
scope
for
goal
achieving
goes
away.Hope
brings
your
focus
on
goal
achieving
into
a
broader
view，helping
you
to
prepare
for
new
fears
and
challenges.
[探索发现]
1．What
do
you
think
of
hope
in
your
study
and
daily
life?
_________________________________________________________________
2．If
you
are
in
deep
trouble，what
does
hope
mean
to
you?
_________________________________________________________________
[答案] 1.It
can
make
our
study
and
life
better.
2．It
means
the
ability
to
deal
with
trouble.
2/3Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.tube
A．v.(火山)爆发，喷发
( )2.plus
B．n.山崩，滑坡
( )3.erupt
C．adj.(用于数字后面表示)多，余
( )4.landslide
D．n.管子
[答案] 1－4 DCAB
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.pick
up
A．浏览；翻阅
( )2.air
conditioning
B．果真，果然
( )3.sure
enough
C．空调
( )4.look
through
D．下楼
( )5.go
down
the
stairs
E．出售
( )6.on
the
market
F．拿起
[答案] 1－6 FCBADE
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．disaster
n.
灾难，灾祸
2．immediately
adv.
即刻，马上
3．hurricane
n.
飓风
4．occur
v.
发生
5．announcement
n.
通告，公告
Ⅰ.语境填空
immediately；tube；hurricane；plus；disaster；occur；erupt；announcement
1．The
disasters
always
happen
with
some
small
warnings.
2．Blood
flowed
along
the
tube
into
the
bottle.
3．Her
knowledge
of
French
is
a
plus
in
her
job.
4．It's
many
years
since
Mount
Vesuvius
last
erupted．
5．The
purpose
may
not
be
immediately
evident.
6．Thunderstorms
often
occur
in
summer.
7．The
announcement
of
the
royal
birth
was
broadcast
to
the
nation.
8．A
hurricane
is
a
violent
storm
with
very
strong
winds，especially
in
the
western
Atlantic
Ocean.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Lowering
interest
rate
could
have
disastrous(disaster)
consequences
for
economy.
2．The
point
of
my
question
may
not
be
immediately
(immediate)
apparent.
3．Have
you
witnessed
the
eruption(erupt)
of
a
volcano?
4．He
is
studying
the
occurrence
(occur)
of
accidents
on
this
piece
of
road.
5．Today's
announcement
(announce)
of
a
peace
agreement
came
after
weeks
of
discussion.
1．Today，the
temperature
in
London
is
expected
to
reach
30
plus
degrees!
今天，伦敦的气温预计将达到30度以上！
2．I
had
bacon
and
eggs
for
breakfast，and
now
I'm
feeling
a
bit
sick...
我早餐吃了熏肉和鸡蛋，现在我觉得有点不舒服
……
3．I
should
probably
put
my
flat
on
the
market
and
buy
a
boat.
我应该把我的公寓出售然后买一艘船。
4．Stepping
out
of
the
station
with
a
heavy
heart，I
suddenly
feel
a
fresh
wind
on
my
face.
心情沉重地走出车站，我突然感觉脸上有股清新的风。
课文助读
①pick
up捡起；获得；收拾；(汽车；飞机)乘载；不费力地学会
②the
Tube(伦敦的)地下铁道，地铁
③be
expected
to有望做某事；被期待做某事
④plus
adj.(用于数字后面表示)多，余
⑤typical
adj.典型的；特有的；象征性的
It
is
typical
that...一贯如此；做某事是典型的
⑥as
well
as也；和……一样；不但……而且，用来连接两个并列的成分
⑦that's
erupting是定语从句修饰前面的volcano；erupt
v．(火山)爆发；喷出
⑧compared
to与……相比
通常作状语，和compared
with用法相同
⑨next
to紧挨着，在……旁边；仅次于；除……之外
⑩sick
adj.恶心的；生病的；不舒服；feel
sick
感到恶心
?make
it及时抵达；达到预定目标；走完路程
?reflect
vt.反射，照出；反映；显示；反省reflection
n．反射；反映；显示；反省
?melted
cars融化了的汽车。melted是过去分词作定语
?hotter比较热hot的比较级；最高级hottest最热的
?scared
adj.害怕的scary
adj.令人害怕的
?start
planning开始计划 start
to
plan开始计划
?put
my
flat
on
the
market把我的房子投放到市场
?when引导时间状语从句
表示“当……的时候”
?be
able
to有能力做某事
?to
go
to动词不定式作定语
Most
importantly最重要的是
join
a
beginner's
swimming
class参加初学者的游泳课join
v．加入；参加；汇入；join
the
party入党；join
the
army参军
immediately
adv.立刻，立即，刚
survive
v．活下来，幸存；在……之后仍然生存，从……中逃生；survive
the
fire从大火中逃生
look
through浏览；翻阅
showing
that
＋从句
现在分词短语作定语，that引导宾语从句
hurricane
n．飓风
destroy
v．破坏，损坏destroyed是其过去分词形式
what's
more而且，更进一步
landslides
n．山体滑坡
across
Southern
Europe整个南欧
occur
v．发生
过去式和过去分词形式都是occurred
due
to由于
now
that既然，通常用于表示众所周知的原因
It's
hard
to
do
做某事是困难的
it是形式主语，to
do不定式是真正的主语
think
about考虑
comes
the
announcement
是倒装句，正常语序应该是
the
announcement
comes有广播传来
step
out
of走出
with
prep.带着，带有
have
been
doing现在完成进行时
强调动作的持续
after
all毕竟，终究
课文呈现
Hot！Hot！Hot!
1．Picking
up①
a
free
newspaper
at
the
Tube②
station，I
see
the
title“Hot！Hot！Hot！”．Today，the
temperature
in
London
is
expected
to③
reach
30
plus④
degrees！The
average
high
temperature
in
July
is
only
22
degrees，so
over
30
is
not
usual
for
London.It's
going
to
be
awful
on
the
Central
Line，with
no
air
conditioning.Why
did
they
have
to
invent
the
Tube
before
air
conditioning?
It's
just
typical⑤
that
my
journey
is
on
one
of
the
oldest
lines，as
well
as⑥
one
of
the
deepest.It's
the
hottest
on
the
whole
Tube
system.
2．Sure
enough，going
down
the
stairs
and
onto
the
platform
is
like
jumping
into
a
volcano
that's
erupting⑦.This，however，is
nothing
compared
to⑧
the
train.Because
there's
no
air
conditioning，the
temperature
inside
the
train
can
reach
35
degrees！It's
lovely
at
the
beach，but
not
so
when
you're
wearing
a
suit
and
in
a
crowd
of
passengers！I'm
sure
the
passenger
next
to⑨
me
and
I
are
melting
and
becoming
one！I
had
bacon
and
eggs
for
breakfast，and
now
I'm
feeling
a
bit
sick⑩—I
hope
I
can
make
it?
to
Bank
station...I'll
avoid
the
feeling
by
thinking
about
work.I
work
in
a
tall，glass
building.One
very
hot
summer，the
sunreflected?
off
it
and
melted
cars?
parked
below！Will
this
happen
again
today?
3．Yes，each
summer
in
London
definitely
seems
hotter?
than
the
last.I
suddenly
feel
a
bit
scared?.Perhaps
now
is
the
time
to
start
planning?
for
the
future?
I
should
probably
put
my
flat
on
the
market?
and
buy
a
boat.That
way，when?
the
Thames
rises
and
there
is
a
flood
in
London，I'll
still
be
able
to?
get
to
work.But
wait！Would
I
still
have
a
workplace
to
go
to?？My
office
is
only
on
the
third
floor
of
the
building，so
quite
low.I'll
speak
with
my
manager
about
moving
to
the
top
floor.Most
importantly，I
will
need
to
learn
to
swim！I'll
join
a
beginner's
swimming
class
immediately.Then
I'll
be
able
to
survive
even
when
the
tall
buildings
are
flooded.
4．Looking
through
my
newspaper，I'm
shocked
by
photos
showing
that
a
hurricane
in
Asia
has
destroyed
a
town.What's
more，heavy
rain
in
Eastern
Europe
has
caused
landslides，and
the
heat
across
Southern
Europe
has
caused
forest
fires.Experts
say
this
bad
weather
has
occurred
due
to
climate
change.News
like
this
makes
me
feel
nervous.
Now
that
it's
hard
to
avoid
a
disaster
on
Earth，perhaps
I
should
start
thinking
about
moving
to
space...
5．“The
next
station
is
Bank！”comes
the
announcement.That's
my
destination.
Stepping
out
of
the
station
with
a
heavy
heart，I
suddenly
feel
a
fresh
wind
on
my
face.Well，maybe
I
have
been
worrying
too
much.After
all，it's
only
30
degrees
outside！
译文参考
热！热！热！
1．拿起地铁站的免费报纸，我看到标题“热！热！热！”。今天，伦敦的气温预计将达到30度以上！七月份的平均高温只有22度，所以超过30度是不正常的。在没有空调的中央线上会很糟糕。为什么他们要在空调之前发明地铁呢？一贯如此，我乘的是最古老的线路之一，也是其中一个最深层的。它是整个地铁系统中最热的。
2．果然，下楼梯走上地铁站台就像跳进一座正在喷发的火山。然而，与车厢内相比，这根本算不上什么。因为没有空调，车厢内的温度可以达到35度！在海滩上很好，但当你穿着西装，在一群乘客中时，情况就不是这样了！我敢肯定我旁边的乘客和我都正在融化，然后融为一体！我早餐吃了熏肉和鸡蛋，现在我觉得有点不舒服——我希望我能及时赶到银行站。我会通过思考工作来避免这种感觉。我在一栋高大的玻璃建筑里工作。有一个非常炎热的夏天，太阳反射在玻璃大楼上，融化了的汽车停在下面！今天还会再发生这种事吗？
3．是的，伦敦的每个夏天肯定比上一个夏天更热。我突然觉得有点害怕。也许现在是开始规划未来的时候了？我应该把我的公寓出售然后买一艘船。这样的话，当泰晤士河水上升，伦敦发生洪水时，我仍然可以上班。但是等等！我还会有工作的地方吗？我的办公室只在三楼，所以很低。我会和我的经理谈谈搬到顶层的事。最重要的是，我需要学会游泳！我马上参加初学者的游泳课。即使高楼被淹了，我也能活下来。
4．翻阅我的报纸，我很震惊地看到发生在亚洲的飓风摧毁了城市的照片。更有甚者，东欧的大雨导致了山体滑坡，而整个南欧的炎热也引发了森林火灾。专家说，这种坏天气是由于气候变化造成的。这样的消息让我感到紧张。既然地球上的灾难很难避免，也许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去……
5．“下一站是银行站！”
广播里传来。这是我的目的地。心情沉重地走出车站，我突然感觉到脸上有股清新的风。嗯，也许我一直太担心了。毕竟，外面只有30度！
1/6阅读reading
2中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A．The
cat's
being
lost
and
found
in
the
terrible
storm.
B．The
author's
experience
and
optimistic
attitude
in
the
storm.
C．The
stars
looking
more
beautiful
and
attractive
after
the
storm.
D．The
author's
habit
of
watching
the
stars
after
the
storm.
2．What
do
we
learn
about
the
author's
family?
A．The
author's
cat
and
the
roof
were
blown
away.
B．Mom
was
successful
to
run
out
of
the
room.
C．They
went
out
by
boat
on
the
“street
river”．
D．It
became
unsafe
for
them
to
stay
at
home.
3．What
matters
for
the
whole
family
in
Mom's
eyes?
A．Staying
together
and
being
safe.
B．Watching
the
stars
with
no
lights.
C．Staying
away
from
home
for
a
few
days.
D．Having
clothes
on
their
backs.
[答案] 1－3 BDA
Words
and
Phrases
reliable
adj.可信赖的，可靠的
(教材P65) So，for
accurate
and
reliable
predictions，it's
best
to
check
an
official，scientific
report.
所以，对于精确可靠的预测而言，最好是去检查一下官方的科学报告。
[例1] He
is
a
reliable
man
and
you
definitely
can
believe
his
words.
他是个可靠的人，你绝对可以相信他的话。
[例2] According
to
the
reliable
information，we
will
have
three
days
off
from
tomorrow.
据可靠消息，我们明天起放三天假。
[造句] 我们的消息来源可靠。
Our
information
comes
from
a
reliable
source.
[知识拓展]
rely
v．
依靠，信赖
rely
on
依靠，依赖；信赖
rely
on
it
that...
相信……；指望……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
likes
to
do
well
and
to
be
seen
as
reliable(rely)．
②You
can
rely
on
it
that
it
will
rain
this
weekend.
[小片段填空]
Many
parents
feel
some
teachers
in
the
kindergarten
are
not
reliable
and
they
can't
rely
on
them
to
look
after
their
children.We
can't
rely
on
it
that
a
kindergarten
whose
purpose
is
to
earn
money
will
benefit
your
children
a
lot.
很多家长感觉这所幼儿园的老师不值得信赖，他们不能信赖他们来照顾自己的孩子。我们不能指望一所以赚钱为目的的幼儿园能对你的孩子有多少好处。
rescue
v．&n.营救，解救；援救
(教材P65) Amongst
all
the
international
heavy
rescue
teams，the
China
International
Search
and
Rescue
Team
(CISAR)
was
the
first
international
heavy
rescue
team
to
arrive.
在所有的国际重型救援中，中国国际重型搜救和救援队是第一个到达的。
[例1] They
were
eventually
rescued
by
helicopter.
他们最后被直升机救走了。
[例2] She
had
despaired
of
ever
being
rescued
alive.
她那时对获救生还已经绝望了。
[造句] 我们那时已经放弃了获救的希望。
We
had
given
up
hope
of
rescue/being
rescued.
[归纳拓展]
rescue
sb./sth.from
从……营救某人/某物；使某人/某物免于
come
to
one's
rescue
营救某人
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
23?year?old's
screams
alerted
a
passerby
who
went
to
her
(she)
rescue.
②You
rescued
me
from
an
embarrassing
situation.
claim
v．(战争、事故等)夺去生命；声称
(教材P66) Caused
by
exceptionally
heavy
snowfall
within
a
short
period
of
time，they
destroyed
buildings
and
forests，and
claimed
over
256
lives.
由于短时间内异常严重的降雪，他们摧毁了建筑物和森林，夺走了256条生命。
[例1] The
civil
war
claimed
several
lives
of
Chinese
members
of
UN
Peacekeeping
Force.
内战夺去了几个联合国维和部队中国成员的生命。
[例2] He
claims
that
he
was
not
given
a
fair
chance
of
competition.
他声称他未得到公正的竞争机会。
[造句] 那次撞车事故导致三人死亡，包括两个成年人和一个孩子。
The
car
crash
claimed
three
lives
including
two
adults
and
a
child.
[归纳拓展]
claim
to
have
done
声称做过某事
claim
to
be
声称
It
is
claimed
that
据称，听说
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
am
a
newcomer
and
don't
claim
to
be
(be)
an
expert.
②The
tourist
claimed
to
have
seen
(see)the
monster
in
the
lake.
[小片段填空]
Someone
called
the
police
and
claimed
to
be
a
doctor
and
claimed
to
have
known
the
traffic
accident
three
days
ago.And
he
said
the
accident
actually
claimed
five
lives
in
all
but
the
driver
refused
to
admit.
有人打电话报警，声称自己是个医生，并且声称自己了解三天前那场交通事故。并且他说事故事实上造成五人死亡但是司机拒绝承认。
threaten
v．威胁到，危及
(教材P66) It
led
to
a
severe
food
crisis
and
threatened
the
livelihoods
of
more
than
9.5
million
people.
它导致了严重的粮食危机，并威胁到950多万人的生计。
[例1] He
said
that
elder
boy
had
threatened
to
beat
him
on
his
way
home.
他说那个大一点的男孩已经威胁过他了，要在回家的路上揍他。
[例2] The
thief
threatened
the
old
man
with
a
knife.
这个抢劫犯用刀子威胁老人。
[造句] 她依然记得自己昨天被威胁的场景。
She
still
remember
her
being
threatened
yesterday.
[归纳拓展]
threat
n．
威胁，可能带来危险的人(事)
threatened
adj.
受到威胁的，感到危险的
threatening
adj.
(行为)威胁的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
use
of
nuclear
weapons
is
a
horrible
threat
(threaten)
to
the
human
beings.
②He
didn't
feel
threatened
(threat)
at
the
news
of
her
succeeding
in
finishing
the
work.
[小片段填空]
It
is
said
that
several
older
students
in
that
school
threatened
the
younger
ones
to
give
them
money
or
they
would
be
punished.The
threat
led
to
many
students
not
going
to
school.The
parents
felt
the
safety
of
their
children
threatened
and
they
asked
the
school
to
punished
the
threatening
behaviors
in
the
school.
据说那所学校的几个年长点的学生威胁年龄小的学生给他们钱否则他们就会受到惩罚。这样的威胁导致很多学生不去上学。家长们觉得他们孩子的安全受到了威胁，要求校方惩罚学校里的威胁人的行为。
otherwise
adv.&
conj.否则，要不然
(教材P68) There
was
water
everywhere，but
we
couldn't
drink
any
of
it
otherwise
we'd
get
really
sick.
到处都是水，但是我们一滴也不能喝，否则我们就会真的得病。
[例1] He
must
work
really
hard，otherwise，he
will
soon
be
abandoned
by
his
company
and
his
fans.
他必须非常努力地工作，不然他很快就会被公司和歌迷遗弃。
[例2] I
need
your
answer
by
six
o'clock
tonight－otherwise
we'll
leave
you
out
of
it!
我必须在今晚六点前得到你的答复，否则我们就把你排除在外！
[造句] 抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。
Seize
the
chance，otherwise
you'll
regret
it.
[归纳拓展]
otherwise
adv.
在其他方面，不同地，用别的方法
or
otherwise
或相反，或其他情况
but
otherwise
但在别的方面却
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Over
7，000
riders
on
Beijing
subways
were
fined
for
putting
feet
on
the
seats
or
otherwise
taking
up
too
much
space.
②She
is
not
very
clever，but
otherwise
she's
a
nice
girl.
Sentence
Patterns
be
doing...when
正在做……这时……
(教材P68) I
was
sitting
in
my
room
with
my
cat，Smartie，on
my
lap，when
the
roof
just
flew
off.
我正坐在房间里，我的猫思马蒂坐在我大腿上，这时屋顶飞走了。
句式分析：本句为一个并列句，when是并列连词，意为“
正在这时/那时”，相当于and
at
that
time，本句核心句型为：was/were
doing...when“当……时，正在那时……”。
[例1] They
were
talking
about
him
when
he
came
in.
他们正在谈论他，正在那时他走了进来。
[例2] We
were
doing
our
homework
when
the
lights
went
off.
我们正在做作业时，灯突然灭了。
[造句] 我正在家里学习，这时我的手机响了。
I
was
studying
at
home
when
my
cellphone
rang.
[归纳拓展]
when作并列连词常用于下列句型中：
(1)sb.was
about
to
do
sth.when...＝
sb.was
on
the
point
of
doing
sth.when...某人正要干某事，就在这时……
(2)be
just
going
to
do
sth.when...正要……这时……
(3)sb.had
(just)
done
sth.when...某人刚干完某事，就在这时……
[翻译]
①I
was
about
to
go
out
when
it
began
to
rain.(正要出门)
②He
had
just
finished
his
homework
when
his
mom
asked
him
to
help.(刚完成作业)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
was
about
to
raise
(raise)
his
hand
when
class
was
over.
②He
had
just
sent
(send)
an
email
on
the
Internet
when
his
computer
broke
down.
the
moment
引导时间状语从句
(教材P69) He
had
disappeared
the
moment
the
storm
hit.暴风雨刚一来袭，他就已经消失了。
句式分析：该句是由the
moment连接的复合句。the
moment意思是：一……就……
[例1] He
rushed
out
the
classroom
the
moment
he
saw
his
mother.
他一看到妈妈就从教室里冲了出来。
[例2] The
moment
I
arrived
at
the
station
I
found
my
friend
waiting
there.
我一到车站就看到我朋友在那里等我。
[造句] 一想起去打篮球，我就觉得激动。
I
feel
excited
the
moment
I
think
of
playing
basketball.
[归纳拓展]
the
moment在句中为名词短语用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。用作连词引导时间状语从句的名词短语还有：
(1)every
time，any
time，next
time，the
first
time，the
last
time，by
the
time，the
day等。
(2)the
instant，the
minute意为“一……就……”相当于as
soon
as。
[翻译]
①I
think
of
the
happy
time
we
spent
together
every
time
I
see
these
photos.(每次)
②The
first
time
you
take
part
in
a
race，it
is
very
normal
to
feel
tense.(第一次)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Next
time
you
come
(come)
to
London，do
come
to
pay
me
a
visit.
②The
first
time
I
came
(come)
to
that
town，I
was
deeply
impressed.
before在……之前
(教材P69) Although
it
was
only
a
few
days
before
we
were
rescued，it
felt
like
months.
尽管仅仅过了几天我们就得救了，但是感觉像过了几个月。
句式分析：该句是一个although连接的让步状语从句。其中从句中的before
引导时间状语从句，句型为“It
＋be
＋过去时间段＋
before从句(一般过去时)”过……时间才……
[例1] It
was
nearly
a
day
before
he
realized
his
mistakes
and
said
sorry
to
his
friend.
将近一天之后，他才意识到他的错误并向他的朋友道歉。
[例2] It
was
some
time
before
we
knew
the
truth
of
the
accident.
过了一段时间后，我们才了解了事故的真相。
[造句] 这种状况或许要过很多年才能得到改善。
It
may
be
many
years
before
the
situation
improves.
[归纳拓展]
含before
的常用句式有：
(1)It
won't
be
long
before...“用不了多久就会……”(before从句用一般现在时)
(2)It
wasn't
long
before...“没过多久就……”(before从句用一般过去时)
(3)It
will
be＋一段时间＋before...“要过若干时间之后才……”(before从句用一般现在时)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She
and
her
family
hid
away
for
nearly
twenty?five
months
before
they
were
discovered.
②John
thinks
it
won't
be
long
before
he
is
ready
for
his
new
job.
主旨大意题
提分技巧：快速确定文章大意。没有明显的主题句的文章或段落要通过归纳要点抓大意。主题句位于文章或段落中间类型的文章要从段落中抓大意。主题句出现在开头的文章，如说明文、议论文、科技文献和新闻报道，要从首句中抓大意。段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however，but，in
fact，on
the
contrary，in
contrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解C节选)
Languages
have
been
coming
and
going
for
thousands
of
years，but
in
recent
times
there
has
been
less
coming
and
a
lot
more
going.When
the
world
was
still
populated
by
hunter?gatherers，small，tightly
knit
(联系)
groups
developed
their
own
patterns
of
speech
independent
of
each
other.Some
language
experts
believe
that
10，000
years
ago，when
the
world
had
just
five
to
ten
million
people，they
spoke
perhaps
12，000
languages
between
them.
Soon
afterwards，many
of
those
people
started
settling
down
to
become
farmers，and
their
languages
too
became
more
settled
and
fewer
in
number.In
recent
centuries，trade，industrialisation，the
development
of
the
nation?state
and
the
spread
of
universal
compulsory
education，especially
globalisation
and
better
communications
in
the
past
few
decades，all
have
caused
many
languages
to
disappear，and
dominant
languages
such
as
English，Spanish
and
Chinese
are
increasingly
taking
over.
At
present，the
world
has
about
6，800
languages.The
distribution
of
these
languages
is
hugely
uneven.The
general
rule
is
that
mild
zones
have
relatively
few
languages，often
spoken
by
many
people，while
hot，wet
zones
have
lots，often
spoken
by
small
numbers.Europe
has
only
around
200
languages；the
Americas
about
1，000；Africa
2，400；and
Asia
and
the
Pacific
perhaps
3，200，of
which
Papua
New
Guinea
alone
accounts
for
well
over
800.The
median
number
(中位数)
of
speakers
is
a
mere
6，000，which
means
that
half
the
world's
languages
are
spoken
by
fewer
people
than
that.
Already
well
over
400
of
the
total
of
6，800
languages
are
close
to
extinction
(消亡)，with
only
a
few
elderly
speakers
left.Pick，at
random，Busuu
in
Cameroon
(eight
remaining
speakers)，Chiapaneco
in
Mexico
(150)，Lipan
Apache
in
the
United
States
(two
or
three)
or
Wadjigu
in
Australia
(one，with
a
question?mark):
none
of
these
seems
to
have
much
chance
of
survival.
31．What
is
the
main
idea
of
the
text?
A．New
languages
will
be
created.
B．People's
lifestyles
are
reflected
in
languages.
C．Human
development
results
in
fewer
languages.
D．Geography
determines
language
evolution.
C [第一段说明语言已有几千年的历史，但有一些语言正在消失；第二段说明随着人类社会的发展，语言变得更少；第三段说明语言的分布是不均匀的；第四段介绍了超过400种语言正面临消亡的威胁。整篇文章主要说明的是由于人类社会的发展导致了语言变得越来越少。故选C。]
[即学即练]
请快速确定这篇文章节选的主旨大意。
(2017·浙江卷·阅读理解A节选)
Benjamin
West，the
father
of
American
painting，showed
his
talent
for
art
when
he
was
only
six
years
of
age.But
he
did
not
know
about
brushes
before
a
visitor
told
him
he
needed
one.In
those
days，a
brush
was
made
from
camel's
hair.There
were
no
camels
nearby.Benjamin
decided
that
cat
hair
would
work
instead.He
cut
some
fur
from
the
family
cat
to
make
a
brush.
...
In
1747，when
Benjamin
was
nine
years
old，Mr.Pennington
returned
for
another
visit.He
was
amazed
at
what
Benjamin
had
done
with
his
gift.He
asked
Benjamin's
parents
if
he
might
take
the
boy
back
to
Philadelphia
for
a
visit.
In
the
city，Mr.Pennington
gave
Benjamin
materials
for
creating
oil
paintings.The
boy
began
a
landscape
(风景)
painting.William
Williams，a
well?known
painter，came
to
see
him
work.Williams
was
impressed
with
Benjamin
and
gave
him
two
classic
books
on
painting
to
take
home.The
books
were
long
and
dull.Benjamin
could
read
only
a
little，having
been
a
poor
student.But
he
later
said，“Those
two
books
were
my
companions
by
day，and
under
my
pillow
at
night.”
While
it
is
likely
that
he
understood
very
little
of
the
books，they
were
his
introduction
to
classical
paintings.The
nine?year?old
boy
decided
then
that
he
would
be
an
artist.
21．What
is
the
text
mainly
about？( )
A．Benjamin's
visit
to
Philadelphia.
B．Williams'
influence
on
Benjamin.
C．The
beginning
of
Benjamin's
life
as
an
artist.
D．The
friendship
between
Benjamin
and
Pennington.
C [根据第一段第一句“Benjamin
West，the
father
of
American
painting，showed
his
talent
for
art
when
he
was
only
six
years
of
age.”以及选文第二段第一句“In
1747，when
Benjamin
was
nine
years
old”和最后一段，并结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了艺术家本杰明·韦斯特少年时代的艺术启蒙。]
1/10本单元的写作项目是写自然灾害时的安全指导，这种题目要求根据可能遇到的危险的内容有针对性地写出遇险时的安全指导。
[基本框架]
1．开头(beginning)——分析遇到的危险
2．主体1(body1)——介绍危险来临前的各种准备
3．主体2(body2)——危险中的各种应对措施
4．主体3(body3)——写出危险中不应该做的
[常用词块]
1．Organize
personnel
protection
组织人员防护
2．Move
to
a
safe
place
转移到安全地带
3．Avoid
walking
on
banks
and
bridges
避免在岸边和桥上行走
4．Pay
attention
when
walking
in
water.
在积水中行走要注意观察。
5．Get
off
the
high
hill
从高山上下来
6．Don't
climb
the
trees
when
there
is
lightning.
闪电时不要爬树。
7．Cover
your
mouth
and
nose
with
wet
clothes
or
towel
用湿的衣物或毛巾捂住口鼻
8．Hold
your
head
quickly
迅速抱住头部
9．Send
the
poisoned
or
burned
person
to
hospital
将中毒或烧伤人员送医院救治
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．If
you
are
trapped
in
the
flood
what
will
you
do
to
help
yourself?
如果你被困在洪水中，你该怎么做来自救？
2．If
you
find
somewhere
around
you
is
on
fire，how
will
you
escape
safely?
如果你发现周围的某个地方着火了，你怎么安全逃生？
3．When
there
is
an
earthquake，you
must
obey
the
following
rules
to
keep
yourself
safe.
如果发生地震，你必须遵循以下规则来保证自己的安全。
★丰满主体
1．Attention
should
be
paid
to
prevent
smoke
poisoning，prevent
suffocation.
要注意防止烟雾中毒，预防窒息。
2．When
opening
a
room
door，touch
the
door
with
the
back
of
your
hand
first，see
whether
it
is
hot.
开房间门时，先用手背接触房门，看是否发热。
3．When
you
can't
escape，don't
hide
in
the
attic
or
closet.
当无路可逃时，不要藏在顶楼或者壁橱等地方。
4．Learn
more
self?rescue
common
sense
in
advance.
提前学会更多的自救常识。
★余味结尾
1．Helping
those
who
are
in
need
is
making
a
great
difference.
帮助需要帮助的人让这个世界大不同。
2．Keep
in
mind
that
you
should
keep
calm
and
don't
panic.
要记住保持冷静不要慌乱。
夏天即将来临，暴雨增多，积水增加，洪水泛滥。新华学校为了增加学生的安全自救常识，准备了一份关于暴风雨时的安全知识宣传海报。请根据以下提示拟定海报内容。
1．收听广播或看电视，了解天气信息；
2．一旦遇到洪水，尽量待在高处，或者抓住能在水中漂浮的东西；
3．暴雨中不要在大树下避雨，尽量避免在积水深的地方行走；
4．……
要求：1.词数：80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使文章连贯。
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
[参考范文]
Flood
Safety
Guideline
Summer
is
drawing
near.In
order
to
keep
you
safe
in
case
of
flood，keep
the
following
in
mind：
Things
to
do
before
a
flood：Keep
yourself
informed
of
the
weather
forecast
and
take
your
raincoat
or
umbrella
in
time.
Things
to
do
during
a
flood：In
case
of
a
flood，stay
at
a
higher
place
waiting
for
rescue,
or
catch
something
that
can
float
on
the
water
to
rescue
yourself.
Things
not
to
do
during
a
flood：Don't
try
to
find
shelter
under
high
trees.Pay
more
attention
to
the
deep
water
and
avoid
walking
in
water.
1/3
