Unit 2 Topic 2 All these problems are very serious.导学案（含答案）

初中英语 核心词汇（Unit 2 Saving the Earth - Topic 2 All these problems are very serious.）
1. 会拼读词汇，掌握词汇的基本含义；
2. 掌握词汇的基本用法，并能灵活运用。
重点：although, none, rise, change into, a number of, be short of, take away.
难点：none的用法以及和no one 的区别，a number of 与the number of的区别。
考点精讲：
【词汇领读】
sand n. 沙 sandstorm n. 沙暴
change into
转换成 desert n. 沙漠
human n. 人 although conj. 虽然，尽管，即使
reduce v. 减少；减轻 none pron. 没有一个；毫无
rubbish n. 垃圾；废弃物 here and there
在各处，到处
wild adj. 野的，野生的 nobody pron.
n. 没有人
小人物，无足轻重的人
worst adj. 最差的，最糟的 situation n. 状况；形势；局面
punish v. 处罚，惩罚 perhaps adv. 可能，大概
everybody pron. 人人，每个人 nowhere adv. 无处；哪里都不
take away
拿走 oxygen n. 氧气
hole n. 洞，坑 ozone layer
臭养层
radiation n. 放射，放射物 directly adv. 直接地
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 form v. （使）出现；（使）形成
blanket n. 毛毯，毯子 escape v. 渗出；逃跑；逃脱
rise v. 上升；起床；升起 the greenhouse effect
温室效应
refer to
提到，涉及，有关 shortage n. 不足；缺少；短缺
avoid v. 防止，避免 resource n. 资源；财力
discover v. 发现，找到 reuse v. 再次使用；重复使用
thirsty adj. 缺水的；（口）渴的 nearly adv. 几乎，将近
law n. 法律，法令；定律


【词汇精讲】
1. although conj. 虽然，尽管，即使
although是连词，可引导让步状语从句，与though同义，一般可以换用。只是though常用于非正式的口语中，而although则较为正式。
Although it was raining, we went there. 虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那儿。
连词though与although的用法在中考中是常考点。
though或although不能与but同时用在一个句子中。但可以与yet连用。如：
Although he was tired, he kept on working. = He was tired, but he kept on working.
= Although he was tired, yet he kept on working. 虽然他很疲劳，但是他仍继续工作。
Grace is going to give much money to a charity, __________ she is not rich enough.
A. if B. unless C. since D. although
答案：D
思路分析：if“如果”；unless“除非”；since“自从”；although“虽然”。由上句“Grace打算捐很多钱给慈善机构”和下句“她不够富有”可知，此处用although引导让步状语从句，故选D。
2. none pron. 没有一个；毫无
none是不定代词，意为“（三者或三者以上中）没有一个；毫无”。
None of them speak(s) English. 他们没有一个讲英语。
—How many books are there in the bag? 书包里有多少本书？
—None. 一本也没有。
在中考中，重点考查none与no one 的区别和用法。
(1) none意为“没有一个，毫无”，既可指人又可指物，可与of连用，none of作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式或复数形式。none通常回答how many或how much引起的问句。如：
I bought a lot of books in London, but he bought none.
我在伦敦买了许多书，但他一本也没买。
(2) no one意为“没有人”，不可与of连用，no one作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。no one通常回答who引起的疑问句。如：
—Who is in the room？ 谁在房间里？
—No one / Nobody. 没有人。
—It snowed heavily last night. Is everyone in our class here today?
—Yes, and ____________ of us was late for school this morning.
A. none B. neither C. all D. either
答案：A
思路分析：none表示“三者或三者以上都不”；neither表示“两者都不”；all表示“三者或三者以上都”；either表示“两者中的任何一个”。从答语“Yes”可以推断出：今天早上我们没有人上学迟到。none符合句意，故选A。
3. rise vi. 升起，上升
rise是不及物动词，本意为“升起，上升”，通常指由较低的位置上升到较高的位置，多用来表示日月星辰的升起，河水或物价上涨。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。
The water began to rise again. 水再次开始上涨。
动词rise和raise的区别在中考中是常考点。
rise还可以表示“变得更加成功（或重要、强大等）。如：
He rose to become a headmaster of a middle school. 他成功成为一所中学的校长。
raise是及物动词，意为“举起，使……升高”，表示使物体达到应有的高度，多表示提高（薪水）、举（手）、抬（头）等。如：
We all raised our glasses and drank to each other’s health.
我们大家举杯为彼此的健康干杯。
The teacher told us that the sun __________ in the east.
A. rose B. raised C. rises D. raises
答案：C
思路分析：表示日月星辰的升起时，应使用不及物动词rise；在宾语从句中，若描述的是客观真理，从句应用一般现在时态，故选C。
4. change into 转换成，变成
change into相当于turn into。
Caterpillars will change into beautiful butterflies when they grow up.
= Caterpillars will turn into beautiful butterflies when they grow up.
毛毛虫长大后会变成美丽的蝴蝶。
词组change into和turn into的用法在中考中是常见考点
be changed into…意为“被转变成”通常用于被动语态，如：
When heated, water can be changed into steam. 当水加热时，它会变成水蒸气。
Water will __________ ice when the temperature is below 0℃．
A. change into B. pour into C. put into D. come into
答案：A
思路分析：根据句意“当气温在零度以下时，水将变成冰。”change into“变成”，故选A。
5. a number of 许多，大量
a number of修饰可数名词复数。修饰主语时，谓语用复数形式。
There are a number of cars in the parking lot. 停车场停了大量的车。
a number of与plenty of和a lot of的区别在中考中是常考点。
a number of后面只能接名词复数或集体名词，因而它后面的谓语动词用复数形式。
plenty of和a lot of含义和用法区别不大，基本可以通用。可接不可数名词，也可接名词复数和集体名词。如：
plenty of time/houses 充裕的时间／房子 a lot of trees/rain很多的树／雨
the number of意为“……的数量”，修饰可数名词的复数。the number of作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The number of the cars is about 200. 车数量大约是200。
The number of workers in that factory ____ over 200. A small number of them __________ women workers.
A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
答案：C
思路分析：the number of+ n作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a number of+ n / pron. 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，故选C。
6. be short of ……短缺
be short of 后可接可数名词或不可数名词，但不能接代词。
I’m short of money this week. Can you lend me some?
我这个星期手头紧。你能借我一些吗？
She is not short of excuses when things go wrong.
事情出了差错，她老有借口。
be short of与be short for 的区别在中考中是常考点。
be short for意为“……的简称”。如：
The word “pub” is short for “public house”. pub这个词是public house的简称。
The northwest is ___________ water, so there’re many deserts there.
A. short for B. short of C. short D. short with
答案：B
思路分析：句意“西北地区缺水，因此那里有许多沙漠。” be short of“……短缺”，故选B。
7. take away 拿走，取走
take away是动副词组，当后接代词时，代词放在动词和副词中间。
I don’t like these books. Please take them away. 我不喜欢这些书，请把它们拿走。
take away及与take有关的短语在中考中是常见考点。
与take有关的短语有：
take a rest休息一下
take a seat 坐
take care of 照看
take it easy放松，别紧张
take… to把……带到……去
take turns 轮流，替换
The boy was playing with a knife. His father _________ it ________ from him.
A. took; off B. put; away C. took; away D. turned; off
答案：C
思路分析：句意“那个男孩正在玩一把小刀，他的父亲从他那里拿走了。” take away为固定词组，意为“拿走”，故选C。
同步练习：

（答题时间：20分钟）
Ⅰ. 根据要求补全句子。
(A) 根据句意及汉语提示填写单词。
1. The teacher tells us _________ (避免) making the same mistake next time.
2. _________(尽管) he tried his best, but he failed.
3. The sun was ________(升起) slowly when we got to the top of the mountain.
4. We must remember that _________(都不)of us is infallible . We all make mistakes.
5. After a long journey, we felt hungry and _________(渴的).
(B) 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。
6. Don’t throw the r_________ in the street, we should keep the street clean.
7. First you must dig a h _______ before planting a tree.
8. His speech is the w _________of the three. I don’t like it at all.
9. Tom’s mother p_________ him, because he didn’t pass the exam.
10. When the sun r_________, everything is bright.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成英语句子。
1. 这篇文章中有大量的生词，学生很难理解。
There are ______ ______ ______ ______new words in the passage, so the students can’t understand it.
2. 几乎每个人都知道吸烟有害健康，但有些人仍然戒不了烟。
Almost everyone knows smoking _____ _____ _____ health, but some people still can’t give it up.
3. 谁拿走了我的字典？刚才还在这里。
Who has ______ ______ my dictionary? It was here just now.
4. 中国政府最近通过一些法律来反对空气污染。
Recently, Chinese government has ______ ______ ______ air pollution.
5. 昨天很冷，池塘里的水变成了冰。
It was very cold yesterday, and the water in the pond ______ ______ ice.
Ⅲ. 选择最佳答案
1. We should give the boy another chance _________ he has made some mistakes.
A. although B. when C. unless D. because
2. Peter tried on three jackets, but ________ of them fitted him.
A. all B. both C. none D. neither
3. The price of houses has _________ rapidly these days. We can hardly afford it.
A. risen B. raised C. improved D. created
4. Alice, you must avoid ___________ such mistakes next time.
A. making B. to make C. make D. made
5. The child wants to change iron __________ gold. It’s impossible.
A. to B. in C. into D. onto
6. —Do you know __________ the members in this club?
—It’s about 200.
A. a number of B. the number of C. a lot of D. plenty of
7. Many schools in poor areas in China is ___________ teachers.
A. full with B. filled of C. full of D. short of
8. —Mom, where is my dictionary? I can’t find it.
—Your brother has just _________it_________.
A. looked; up B. taken; away C. taken; off D. put; up
Ⅳ. 完形填空
阅读短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。
Today we can see that many people are cutting down the trees in the forests. A lot of 1
lands have become deserts. If we read newspapers, we’ll learn that the forests on the earth are getting smaller 2 . We are cutting down large numbers of trees 3 we need wood and farmland. Some scientists say that there will not be any great forests 4 20 or 30 years.
What will happen if the forests disappear? A lot of plants will die and the animals will 5
their homes. In many places the new farmland will soon look 6 the old desert. Crops will not grow there. There won’t be enough 7 , and the weather will get hot and dry. If the climate of the earth changes, life will be 8 for everyone. Our living environment will become 9 . More and more rich farmland will disappear. We will suffer a lot from both droughts (干旱) and floods.
It’s our duty 10 the forests well. Everyone should try his best to make a contribution (贡献) to taking care of the forests. Stop cutting down the trees and make the world greener!
1. A. low B. rich C. lonely D. high
2. A. on time B. all the time C. in time D. no time
3. A. or B. so C. because D. but
4. A. in B. at C. on D. with
5. A. find B. build C. lose D. decorate
6. A. like B. up C. at D. out
7. A. snow B. sunshine C. wind D. rain
8. A. easy B. hard C. happy D. interesting
9. A. better and better B. worse and worse C. bigger and bigger D. more and more
10. A. to do B. do C. to protect D. protect
答案：
Ⅰ. 1. to avoid 2. Although 3. rising 4. none 5. thirsty
6. rubbish 7. hole 8. worst 9. punished 10. rises
Ⅱ. l. a large number of 2. is harmful to/does harm to 3. taken away
4. passed laws against 5. changed into
Ⅲ. ACAAC BDB
解析：1. although“尽管”；when“当……时候”；unless“除非”；because“因为”。由句意“我们应当再给这个男孩一次机会，尽管他犯过一些错误”可知，选A。
2. all意为“（三者或三者以上）都；全部”；both意为“两者都……”；none意为“（三者或三者以上）都不”；neither意为“两者都不”。句意“皮特试穿了三件夹克衫，但是都不合身”。因此none符合题意，故选C。
3. rise用作不及物动词，意为“上升，上涨”，故选A。
4. 本题考查词组avoid doing sth. 意为“避免做某事”，句意：“爱丽丝，你下次必须避免出现这样的错误。”故选A。
5. 句意“那个男孩想把铁变成金，这是不可能的。”change into意为“变成”，故选C。
6. 句意“你知道这个俱乐部成员的数量吗？”the number of表示“……的数量”，符合题意，其余三项均表示“许多，大量”，故选B。
7. 句意“中国很多贫困地区的学校缺少老师。”be short of意为“……短缺”，故选D。
8. 句意“你弟弟刚刚拿走了。”take away为固定词组，意为“拿走”，故选B。
Ⅳ.
[语篇解读] 本文主要讲解人们大量砍伐破环森林导致森林大面积消失。
1. B 解析：本句话的含义是许多良田已经变成了沙漠。B项的rich表示“肥沃的，富饶的”，其他各项都不符合，故选B。
2. B 解析：on time 按时；all the time一直，始终；in time 及时；no time没有时间。
根据题意选B项。
3. C 解析：本句前后两部分是因果关系，故选C。
4. A 解析：“in+时间”表示将来的一段时间内，用将来时态，故选A。
5. C 解析：森林消失，导致许多植物消亡，动物失去家园，故选C。
6. A 解析：look like 看上去像；look up 查找；look at 看；look out 小心。根据题意选A。
7. D 解析：根据后一句中的get hot and dry来理解此处是缺雨，故选D。
8. B 解析：气候变坏了，生活对每个人来说将会是艰难的，故选B。
9. B 解析：根据上下文推断森林消失，气候改变，我们的居住环境将会变得越来越糟，故选B。
10. C 解析：考查It’s+adj./n. +to do sth. 这一固定结构，并根据句意“保护环境是我们的责任”。故选C。