外研版（三起）英语七年级上册语法小结：各种常见时态-导学案(含答案）

年 级 初一 学 科 英语 版 本 外研社（新标准）（三年级起点）
课程标题 语法小结：各种常见时态（附月考试卷）
一、学习目标
1. 熟练掌握本册书将要学习的一般现在时和现在进行时的相关构成和基本用法。
2. 理解一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时，过去进行时，过去完成时的用法。
3. 通过时态的学习增强学生信心，树立“英语中没有什么克服不了的困难”这个理念。
二、重点、难点
时态的概念以及各种时态的构成，并理解时态记忆法的规律。
三、考情分析
1. 熟练掌握动词的几种基本形式：原形，三单，现在式，现在分词，过去式和过去分词。
熟练掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时的构成和基本用法，理解过去将来时、过去完成时的构成和基本用法，掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和带有can, may, must等情态动词的被动语态的构成和基本用法。
2. 本讲内容可谓遍布试卷的每一个部分。
知识梳理：
时态
动作的时间和状态
时 态
现在 进行
过去 一般
将来 完成
一般现在时
【用法】
1. 基本用法：
（1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。He often goes to school on foot.
（2）表示客观真理时，永远用一般现在时。 The moon is smaller than the earth.
（3）在时间、条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，即主将从现。常见的标志词有：if和as soon as
【例句】
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go for a picnic.
I will tell her the message as soon as I see her.
2. 句式结构：
含有be动词的表示状态：主语 + be动词 + 表语
含有实义动词的表示动作：主语 + 实义动词
3. 一般现在时态的标志词：every day / week / month / year之类的短语或always，often，sometimes，usually，seldom等表示频率的词。
4. 第三人称单数现在式的变化规则：
动词特征 构成 例词
一般动词 词尾加-s like-
以ch, sh, s, o, x 结尾 词尾加es teach-

do-

wash-
以y结尾 辅音字母+ y，先变y为
i, 再加es study-

carry-
元音字母+ y，直接加s play-
【考题链接】
1. Mary _____ the piano well. She is often asked to play at the concert.
A. play B. plays C. playing D. played
2. My mother will cook supper for us as soon as she ______.
A. will get home B. get home C. gets home D. got home
3. In order to keep healthy, Tony ________ a walk after dinner every day.
A. takes B. taking C. took D. was taking
答案：BCA
思路分析：第一题因为有often，且前后句保持一致，故选B。第二题是由as soon as引导的，因此用一般现在时。第三题中有every day这个标志词，因此选A。
现在进行时
【用法】
1. 基本用法：
表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
【例句】
We are swimming in the lake now.
What is she doing now?
2. 句式结构：
肯定句：主语+（is, am, are）+现在分词（v.-ing）
否定句：主语+（is, am, are）+not+现在分词（v.-ing）
一般疑问句：（Is, Am, Are）+主语+现在分词（v.-ing）？
3. 现在进行时的标志词有：now, listen, look, at this moment…
4. 熟记动词的现在分词的变化规则：
动词特征 构成 例词
以不发音的字母e结尾 去e，加-ing make-

take-

close-
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词 先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing put-

sit-

swim-

begin-
以ie结尾的词 变ie为y，再加-ing lie-

die-
以er结尾的词 先双写r，再加-ing prefer-
【考题链接】
1. Turn off the radio, please. Your sister _______her homework now.
A. is doing B. did C. will do D. does
2. —Where’re the children, Mr. Black? —Oh, they___ PE lesson on the playground.
A. have B. had C. are having D. have had
3. —The baby ____now. Could you turn down the radio a bit? —That’s OK.
A. sleep B. sleeps C. was sleeping D. is sleeping
4. Mr. Green ______ to the managers now. You’d better call him later.
A. talk B. talked C. is talking D. was talking
5. —May I speak to Jimmy, please? —Sorry，he _____ a meeting.
A. will have B. has C. is having D. had
答案：ACDCC
思路分析：第一题有now，因此选A，第二题是强调孩子们现在所在的地方，故选C，第三题和第四题都有now，是进行时的标志。第五题则根据语境，强调Jimmy现在正在开会，故选C。
一般将来时
【用法】
1. 基本用法：
表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
【例句】
The Greens are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
I am coming to see you next week.
2. 句式结构：
肯定句：①主语+ will +动词原形
②主语+ (is am are) +going to+ 动词原形
否定句：①主语+ will + not + 动词原形
②主语+ (is am are)+ not + going to+ 动词原形
一般疑问句：①Will +主语 + 动词原形?
②(Is/ Am /Are)+ 主语 + going to+ 动词原形?
3. 一般将来时态的标志词有：next week / month / year等或tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，in the future等。
4. 注意：有些动词go, come, arrive, leave, start, die 等表示位置移动的动词，用进行时表示将来。
【考题链接】
1. Mr. Black______ us a talk on pollution next Friday.
A. give B. gave C. will give D. has given
2. Tomorrow is Sunday. I________ a football match with Peter.
A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. am going to watch
3. My friend Xiao Ming is in America now and he ______ back next week.
A. came B. comes C. has come D. will come
答案：CDD
思路分析：第一题的标志词为next Friday，第二题的标志词是tomorrow，第三题的标志词是next week，因此三题都考查一般将来时。
一般过去时
【用法】
1. 基本用法：
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
【例句】
He went to Beijing yesterday.
He worked very hard at Chinese last year.
2. 句式结构：
含有be动词的表示状态：主语 + be动词 + 表语
含有实义动词的表示动作：主语 + 实义动词
3. 一般过去时态的标志词: last week / month / year, yesterday, the day before yesterday…
4. 熟记动词的过去式的变化规则：
动词特征 构成 例词
一般动词 词尾加-ed work-
以 e 结 尾 词尾加-d like-
以 y 结尾 辅音字母+y结尾，把y变i再加-ed study-
元音字母+y结尾，直接加-ed stay-
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词 双写这个辅音字母再加ed stop-

plan-
【考题链接】
1. —Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter? —I _____ well last night.
A. didn’t sleep B. don’t sleep C. haven’t slept D. won’t sleep
2. Mr. Wang ________back to his hometown five years ago.
A. goes B. went C. will go D. has gone
3. — What did you do yesterday? — I ____ basketball with my friends.
A. play B. played C. will play D. am playing
4. Nick ___ a new camera. He has taken lots of pictures with it.
A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy
5. My family went to the Summer Palace and we _____ a great time there.
A. have B. are having C. will have D. had
答案：ABBCD
思路分析：前三道题都有明显的过去时标志词，第四题则表示他是在过去购买的相机。第五题有went，因此也用过去时。
过去进行时
【用法】
1. 基本用法：表示过去某个“时间点”或“时间段”正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
2. 句式结构：
肯定句：主语+was/were + doing…
否定句：主语+was/were +not + doing…
一般疑问句：Was/Were +主语 + doing?
3. 标志词有：at…yesterday evening, at that moment…
【例句】
I was watching TV at 9:00 yesterday evening.
【考题链接】
1. My mother _________ when I came back.
A. cooks B. has cooked C. is cooking D. was cooking
2. Jimmy _____ some old bikes for the children when I got to his home.
A. repairs B. repaired C. is repairing D. was repairing
3. —What was the lady doing when the car accident happened?
—She______ shopping at that moment.
A. does B. was C. is D. did
4. My mother ______ newspapers when I got home yesterday.
A. read B. is reading C. will read D. was reading
5. —What were you doing when your mother came back yesterday? —I___ an interesting novel.
A. was reading B. was looking C. am reading D. am looking
答案：DDBDA
思路分析：五道题均含有动词的过去式，又表示当时正在发生的事情，都考查过去进行时。
即学即练：
1. Tom _____his homework at this time yesterday.
A. did B. does C. was doing D. is doing
2. —I called you at half past nine this morning.
—Oh, sorry. I ___ with my cousin in the supermarket.
A. shop B. was shopping C. shopped D. will shop
3. We ______ a birthday party for Linda tomorrow.
A. have B. had C. will have D. have had
4. Mr. Smith __________ a talk on country music next Monday.
A. give??? B. gave?? ?C. has given?? D. will give
5. — What did you do after school yesterday? — I ____ basketball with my friends.
A. play B. am playing C. will play D. played
6. —What’s your mother doing now? —She ______ supper in the kitchen.
A. cooks B. cooked C. has cooked D. is cooking
7. Hurry up, Lisa. Dad ________ for you outside now.
A. waits B. waited C. is waiting D will wait
答案：1-5 CBCDD 6-7 DC