英语八年级上册知识讲义 动词不定式（含答案）

动词不定式
【考向解读】
中考对动词不定式的考查主要为：
掌握动词不定式的基本用法。
中考对这部分内容考查的常见题型和大体分值为：
单选 （1分）
写句子 （1分）
写作 （1-2分）
阅读理解 （1-2分）
【重点点拨】
一、知识精讲
（一）什么是动词不定式
1. 动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
2. 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成（有时可以省略to）。
3. 动词不定式与它的宾语或状语一起构成不定式短语，在句中具有名词、形容词或副词等的作用，可用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语。
【例句】
It’s time for us to have supper．
我们吃晚饭的时候到了。
I am very glad to meet you here．
我很高兴在这儿遇见你。
I am sorry．I forgot to tell you the news．
对不起，我忘记告诉你那个消息了。
I saw them come into the room just now．
我刚才看见他们进了房间。
Have you decided which one to choose？
你已经决定选择哪个了吗?
典例
I want _______ some trees on the mountain.
A. plant B. planting C. to plant D. planted
答案：C
思路分析：want是句中的谓语，它的宾语需要用动词不定式的形式表示出来。故答案是C。
（二）动词不定式在句中的用法
1. 动词不定式作主语（Subject）. 如果作主语的动词不定式短语太长，则常用it作形式主语，将不定式短语后置。动词不定式作主语时，句子中的谓语动词常用单数。
【例句】
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
学一门外语是不容易的。
It took us three days to do the work.
这项工作花了我们三天时间。
典例
—What do you think of tomorrow’s football match?
—____ difficult for us ____ the match.
A. We’re; to win B. We’re; wining
C. It’s; to win D. It’s; wining
答案：C
思路分析：句意是：对于我们来说，赢得这场比赛很困难。“It is +adj.+for sb. to do sth.”是一种常用句式，其中的it是形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。
2. 动词不定式作表语（Predicative）。动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常是对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。
【例句】
My work is to clean the room every day.
我的工作就是每天把房间打扫干净。
His purpose is to help you solve your problem.
他的目的就是帮助你解决问题。
典例
His wish is _______ （become） a scientist．
答案：to become
思路分析：动词不定式作is 的表语，进一步解释说明“他的愿望”是什么。
3. 动词不定式作宾语（Object）。不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语，其结构为动词+ to do。
【例句】
She wanted to borrow my MP4.
她想借我的MP4。
They began to read and write.
他们开始读和写了。
典例
I hope ___ a good job in a foreign company
A. to find B. finding C. finds D. found
答案：A
思路分析：句意是：在外企我希望找到一份好工作。这里，“找到一份好工作”是hope的宾语。故答案是A。
4. 动词不定式作宾语补足语（Object complement）。其结构为动词+宾语+ to do。
【例句】
His mother asked him to turn off the TV.
他妈妈让他把电视关了。
Jim told his students to go home at once.
Jim 吩咐他的学生们马上回家。
典例
My mother often tells me ____ my classmates when they want.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helps
答案B
思路分析: tell后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，其构成为tell sb. to do sth.故答案是B
5. 动词不定式作定语（Attributive）。动词不定式在句中作定语时必须放在被修饰词的后面。不定式作定语多和被修饰的名词具有“动宾关系”，即被修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者，如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在其后面加上相应的介词。
【例句】
Have you got anything to say?
你有什么要说的吗？
I had something to eat this morning .
今天早上我吃了点东西。
典例
—Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday?
—This Sunday? I’m sorry. I have a lot of homework ____ this Sunday
A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done
答案：A
思路分析：根据句意，“这个星期天我有很多作业要做。”可知应用不定式短语作定语。故选择A。
6. 动词不定式作状语（Adverbial）。可以表目的、结果、原因等。
【例句】
I’m sorry to hear that.
听到这个我感到很遗憾。
He stayed there to see what would happen.
他留在那儿想看看会发生什么事。
典例
________ dancing well, he needs much more practice.
A. Learning B. To learn C. Learn D. To learning
答案：B
思路分析：句意为“为了学好跳舞，他需要更多的练习”，前半句为状语前置，表目的，应使用不定式。故答案是B。
（三）动词不定式的用法
1. 作主语的动词不定式常可用it代替，动词不定式（或短语）放在其后。
常用句型：
It’s time for sb. to do sth.
It is ＋adj.（形容词）+ for sb. + to do sth.
It is ＋adj.（形容词）+ of sb. + to do sth.
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
在以上这些句型中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。
【例句】
It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own.
你一个人去深海游泳是很危险的。
It took me an hour to clean the house.
打扫房间花费了我一个小时。
It’s time for us to have class．
我们该上课了。
It’s right of him to refuse the invitation.
他拒绝那个邀请是正确的。
典例
It took Yang Liwei about 21 hours ___ the earth 14 times in his spaceship.
A. circling B. Traveling C. travel D. to circle
答案：D
思路分析：考查的是动词不定式作主语。同时也考查了It takes sb. some考查了time to do sth.这一句型的应用。故D。
2. 不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语
常见的及物动词：want, hope, wish, like, begin, start, try, need, forget, agree, decide，promise know, learn, refuse等
【例句】
He likes to play soccer.
他喜欢踢足球。
I agreed to go with him.
我同意和他一起去。
典例
They decided ________at the end of this month.
A. to leave B. going
C. travel D. not start out
答案：A
思路分析：decide后只能跟动词不定式做宾语，故选A。
3. 不定式省略to的情况。在感官动词see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel
和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中（不定式作宾语补足语），不定式应略to。
【例句】
Let me listen to you sing the song.
让我听听你唱这首歌。
He watched his son play computer games.
他看他的儿子玩电脑游戏。
典例
We always see her______ the violin.
A play B playing C plays D to play
答案：A
思路分析：考查的是短语“看见某人做某事”，及省略to的不定式的用法。故答案是A。
4. 动词不定式的否定形式为： not + to do
【例句】
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.
警察嘱咐孩子们不要在街道上玩耍。
Tell him not to be late.
告诉他不要迟到。
典例
The teacher wanted them ________ make so much noise.
A. don’t B. not C. will not D. not to
答案：D
思路分析：考查句型want sb not to do sth.及不定式的否定形式的用法。故D。
5. 动词不定式和疑问词连用
但其动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。但其不能与why连用。
【例句】
The question is when to start.
问题是什么时候出发。
I don't know where to go .
我不知道去哪儿。
He showed me how to use a computer.
他给我展示如何使用电脑。
What to do is a big problem.
做什么是个大问题。
典例
I don’t know what _______ （buy） for you.
答案：to buy
思路分析：不定式与疑问词连用构成了宾语。故答案是to buy。
6. 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。
【例句】
I have a lot of work to do.
我有很多工作要去做。
Have you got something to say?
你有什么要说的吗？
典例
I have some books ______ （give） you.
答案：to give
思路分析：在这个句子中动词不定式作定语，修饰前边的名词“书”。故答案是 to give 。
二、难点聚焦
1. It is ＋adj.（形容词）+ for sb.＋to do sth．
It is ＋adj.（形容词）+ of sb.＋to do sth．
这两个句型的不同应用
句型中不定式的逻辑主语可由for或of引导，逻辑主语由of引导时，作表语的形容词有kind，nice，good，polite，clever，foolish，right，wrong等。表示性格品质评价的形容词。
【例句】
It is very kind of you to help me.
你来帮助我真是太好了。
It is necessary for us to study hard.
对于我们来说，努力学习是很有必要的。
典例
It is very kind _______ you to help me with my housework. It is hard _____me to do all
the work.
A. of, for B. for, of C. of, to D. to, for
答案：A
思路分析：考查两个不同的句式的应用。两个句式中都是不定式作主语。故答案是A。
2. stop，forget，remember，go on ，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式，也可以接动名词。但是动词后面接不定式和接动名词的意思大不相同。
stop to do sth．：停止做一件事，去做另一件事。
stop doing sth．：停止正在做的事。
forget / remember to do sth. 忘记/记得要去做某事
forget / remember doing sth. 忘记/记得曾经做过某事
【例句】
When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking.
当老师走进来时，学生们停止了说话。
when he came out，the students stopped to talk．
当他走出去时，学生们又开始说话。
典例
After the final exam, I think all the students want _________.
A. stop to have a rest B. to stop having a rest
C. to stop to have a rest D. stopping to have a rest
答案：C
思路分析：考查了两个动词不定式的用法。一个是want to do,另一个是stop to do。应在具体语境下理解这个句子。故答案是C。
3. 中考中的一些常用句型
（1）too + adj. / adv + to do 太……以至于不能…….
【例句】
The boy was too frightened to move.
那个孩子太害怕了以至于都动不了了。
（2）too… for sb / sth to do …太……对于某人/某事以至于不能…….
【例句】
The box is too heavy for him to lift.
那个箱子对于他来说太沉了以至于他都搬不动。
（3）adj./ adv + enough to do sth. ……足够去做某事
【例句】
He is rich enough to buy a car.
他足够富裕，能买得起小汽车。
典例
He is old enough_____（join）the army．
答案：to join
思路分析：考查不定式作状语。故答案是to join
三、笔记
（一）巧记动词不定式
to加动原是不定，非谓不作谓语用。有时有态无人称，功能如同名副形。可作宾状主表定，疑问副代可连用。宾补有to无to分两种，to前加not是否定。
不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的动词口诀：
一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；三让：make，let，have；四看：see，notice，watch，observe；半帮助：help。
（二）常使用动词不定式的短语
1. It’s time to do sth.\ It’s time for sth 是该做某事的时候了
2. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待要做某事
3. ask （tell sb. （not ） to do sth. 要求/告诉某人（不）做某事
4. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
5. be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
6. would like /want （sb.） to do sth. 想要（某人）去作某事
7. have sth./nothing to do 有……事要做/与……无关
8. find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉做某
9. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事,而不愿做某事
10. It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说……
11. It’s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事
12. It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人用了一些时间做某事
（三）省略动词不定式的短语
1. 一看二听三使役
see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth. 看见/听见/感觉/注意/听风某人做某事 make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事
2. help sb. （to） do sth/ with sth.帮助某人做某事
3. had better （not） do sth. 最好（不）做某事
4. why don’t you/ not do sth.为什么你做/不做某事
5. would /Will / Could you please （not） do sth. 请你（不）做某事好吗
【举一反三】
（一）写出在动词不定式句中的作用：
1. To grow plants is very important.
2. My dream is to be a pilot.
3. He began to read and write at the age of five.
4. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.
5. Tom came to see me last night.
6. There are many places to see in China.
7. I asked him not to open the window.
8. I don't know what to buy for you.
9. I saw him dance.
10. He often helps me clean the room.
答案：1. 作主语 2. 作表语 3. 作宾语 4. 作宾语补足语 5. 作状语 6. 作定语7. 作宾语补足语 8. 作宾语 9. 作宾语补足语（省略to） 10. 作宾语补足语（省略to）
思路分析：分析动词不定式在句子中的作用。根据不定式在句子中的成分来判断。这项练习对于我们掌握动词不定式的用法很有帮助。
（二）单项选择
1）Would you like ___ for me?
A. to make a kite B. make a kite C. making a kite D. made a kite
答案：A
思路分析：考查would you like to do sth.这一句型的应用，动词不定式作宾语。故选择A。
2）The news made us ___ sad.
A. feeling B. to feel C. feel D. felt
答案：C
思路分析：考查使动用法，及省略to的动词不定式的用法。make sb. do sth. 为固定短语,故选择C。
3）We went to the town _________ some shopping.
A. doing B. did C. to make D. to do
答案：D
思路分析：考查动词不定式作目的状语，表明去那个城镇的目的。故选择D。
4）Nobody knows __________next.
A. what to do B. to do what C. which to do D. how to do
答案：A
思路分析：考查不定式与疑问词的连用。注意其在具体语境下的应用。故选择A。
5）It took us more than two hours _______ the dinner.
A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. to be prepared
答案：C
思路分析：考查动词不定式作主语的用法，it是形式主语。故选择C。
6）The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
答案：A
思路分析：考查动词不定式的否定形式的用法，短语结构为tell sb not to do sth. 故选择A。
7）The teacher asked the students __________ her _______ the word again.
A. listen to; to read B. to hear; say
C. to listen to; speak D. to listen to; pronounce
答案：D
思路分析：考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法，短语结构为ask sb. to do sth.故选择D。
8）Kate is ill. We’d better ___ her to the hospital.
A. to take B. taking C. take D. takes
答案：C
思路分析：考查省略to 的动词不定式的用法。短语结构为You’d better do sth 故选择C。
9）Many people think it very difficult _______ English.
A. to say B. to learn C. speak D. for speaking
答案：B
思路分析：考查动词不定式作宾语的用法，it是形式宾语。故选择B。
10）What about something ___?
A. drinks B. drink C. drinking D. to drink
答案：D
思路分析：考查动词不定式作定语的用法，记住不定式要后置。故选择D。
【课后练习】
（答题时间：25分钟）
单项选择
1. It is very important ______ us ________these words.
A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for, remember D. for, remembering
2. The funny story made me ________.
A. laugh B. laughing C. laughs D. laughed
3. I don’t know ___.
A. how to say B. what to say C. to say how D. to say what
*4. _______ English well, one must have a lot of practice.
A. For speaking B. Speaking C. To speak D. Speak
*5. Remember ______ the book here tomorrow.
A. bring B. to bring C. take D. to take
*6. —Let's have a rest, shall we?
— Not now. I don’t want to stop _______ the letter yet.
A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write
*7. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never drive
C. never driving D. never drive
*8. They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
**9. —This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me __________, Wang Lin?
—Sure.
A. what to work it out B. what to work out it
C. how to work it out D. how to work out it
**10. — How about going hiking this weekend?
—Sorry. I prefer _______ rather than _______.
A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home
C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home
【参考答案】
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. A
难题解析
4. 考查不定式作状语。句意为“要想学好英语，必须要多做练习”故选择C
5. 考查短语“记住去做某事”及“将某物带到某地”故选择B
6. 从句子的语境上分析，可知是不想停下写信这一动作。故选择C
7. 考查warn sb to. do sth 的否定表达。故选择A
8. 考查省略to 的动词不定式。短语结构为see sb do. Sth. 故选择A
9. 考查动词不定式和疑问词的连用，应在具体语境下理解这句话的意思。故选择C
10. 短语prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 表示“宁愿怎样，也不想怎样”。故选择A