2021年中考英语专题讲练： 被动语态（含答案解析）

被动语态
一、被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被、受、给”等被动词来表示被动意义
。其结构是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词done”构成的。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化，其变化与时态中的变化一致。
各种时态的被动语态结构表（以动词do为例）：
时态
被动语态
例句
一般现在时
am/is/are+
done
The
classroom
is
cleaned
by
us.教室被我们打扫。
一般过去时
was/were+
done
The
kite
was
made
by
him
yesterday.昨天，风筝被他制作。
现在进行时
am/is/are+
being+
done
Flowers
are
being
watered
by
her.花儿现在正在被她浇。
现在完成时
have/has
+been+
done
The
work
has
been
finished
by
Jim.工作已经被做完。
一般将来时
will/shall/be
going
to
+
be
done
Trees
will
be
planted
by
them
tomorrow.明天，树将被他们种。
过去进行时
was/were
+
being+
done
A
letter
was
being
written
by
her
at
this
time
yesterday.昨天的这个时候一封信正在被写。
过去完成时
had+
been
+done
The
work
had
been
finished
by
Jim.工作早已经被他完成了。
含有情态动词
can/may/must
+be
+done
He
can
be
found
by
me.他不能被发现。
二、被动语态的用法
1.
不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。例：
The
bridge
was
built
last
year.
这座桥是去年建造的。
He
was
elected
chairman.
他被选为主席。
2.
当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。例：
The
room
hasn’t
been
cleaned
yet.
房间还没有打扫。
The
tiger
was
killed
by
him.
老虎被他杀死了。
3.
当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。例：
The
window
was
blown
by
wind.
窗户被风吹开了。
The
whole
village
has
been
washed
away
by
the
flood.
整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
一、考点：被动语态的句子结构和用法。
二、重难点：谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义：
1.
英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。
例：This
kind
of
cloth
washes
well.
这种布料很好洗。
2.
表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,
last,
take
place,
break
out,
come
out,
come
true,
run
out,
give
out,
turn
out
等，以主动形式表示被动意义。
例：How
do
the
newspapers
come
out?
这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？
3.
系动词没有被动形式，但感官系动词feel,
sound,
taste,
look,
smell在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例：Your
reason
sounds
reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。
三、易错点：
1.
在使役动词have,
make,
get以及感官动词see,
watch,
notice,
hear等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加上介词to。
例：The
great
news
made
her
feel
happy.
可改为
She
was
made
to
feel
happy
by
the
great
news.
Someone
saw
a
stranger
walk
into
the
building.
可改为
A
stranger
was
seen
to
walk
into
the
building.
2.
有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例：The
meeting
is
to
be
put
off
till
Friday.
这场会议将会推迟到周五。
3.
“动词+宾语+宾补
”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
例：Someone
caught
the
boy
smoking
a
cigarette.
可改为
The
boy
was
caught
smoking
a
cigarette.
4.
有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例：His
mother
gave
him
a
present
for
his
birthday.
可改为
He
was
given
a
present
by
his
mother
for
his
birthday.
题模一：主动语态变为被动语态
例1.1.1
主动语态变为被动语态：
I
have
bought
a
ten-speed
bicycle.
____________________________________________
例1.1.2
主动语态变为被动语态：
The
old
man
is
watering
flowers
in
the
garden.
____________________________________________
例1.1.3
主动语态变为被动语态：
The
boy
always
plays
the
computer
games
at
night.
____________________________________________
题模二：基本用法
例1.2.1
The
boy
_________
to
get
supper
ready
after
school.
A．
were
told
B．
is
telling
C．
was
told
D．
tells
例1.2.2
This
dictionary
mustn’t_________
from
the
library.
A．
take
away
B．
taken
away
C．
are
taken
away
D．
be
taken
away
随练1.1
将下列句子变成被动语态。
1.
They
threw
away
the
old
book
yesterday
____________________________________________
2.
He
had
written
a
letter
to
his
mother.
____________________________________________
3.
People
have
seen
the
bear
in
this
village.
____________________________________________
4.
The
workers
are
repairing
the
bridge.
___________________________________________
5.
You
shouldn’t
bring
dictionary
to
the
English
exam.
___________________________________________
随练1.2
This
kind
of
books
sells
well.
They_________
already.
A．
sold
out
B．
have
sold
out
C．
are
sold
out
D．
have
been
sold
out
随练1.3
---Your
coat
looks
nice.
Is
it
_________
wool?
---Yes.
It
is_________
Australia.
A．
made
of,
make
by
B．
made
of,
made
in
C．
made
for,
made
in
D．
made
from,
made
by
随练1.4
The
pizza
_________
by
my
mother.
Would
you
like
to
have
some?
A．
makes
B．
was
making
C．
made
D．
was
made
随练1.5
The
classroom
must
_________
every
day.
A．
be
kept
clean
B．
be
kept
cleaning
C．
keep
cleaned
D．
keeps
clean
随练1.6
A．talk
on
Chinese
history_________
in
the
school
hall
next
week.
A．
is
given
B．
has
been
given
C．
will
be
given
D．
gives
随练1.7
Our
house_________
now.
A．
is
paint
B．
is
being
painted
C．
is
got
painted
D．
has
got
to
paint
作业1
将下列句子变成被动语态。
1.
Have
you
posted
the
letters
yet?
___________________________________________
2.
I
must
do
all
the
exercise
in
time.
___________________________________________
3.
We
are
discussing
the
project
at
the
meeting.
___________________________________________
4.
Every
year
our
office
holds
a
flower
show
in
the
park
in
April.
___________________________________________
5.
He
had
finished
the
work
by
the
end
of
last
term.
___________________________________________
作业2
Mary_________
show
me
her
new
dictionary
yesterday.
A．
was
asked
to
B．
has
asked
to
C．
is
asked
D．
asks
to
作业3
The?People’s?Republic?of?China?_________?on?October?1,?1949.
A．
?found
B．
?was?founded
C．
?is?founded
D．
?was?found
作业4
This?English?song
_________?by?the?girls?after?class.
A．
?often?sings
B．
?often?sang
C．
?is?often?sang
D．
?is?often?sung
作业5
Waste
paper?shouldn’t
_________?here.
A．
?throw
B．
?be?thrown
C．
?to?be?thrown
D．
?to?throw
作业6
A?new?house?_________?at?the?corner?of?the?road
now.
A．
?is?being?built
B．
?is?building
C．
?been?built
D．
?be?build
作业7
His?new?book_________?next?month.
A．
is?being?published
B．
?is?publishing
C．
?will?be?published
D．
?has?been?published
答案解析
题模一：主动语态变为被动语态
例1.1.1
【答案】
A．ten-speed
bicycle
has
been
bought
by
me.
【解析】
考查被动语态。现在完成时被动语态的结构是has/have
been
done。
例1.1.2
【答案】
The
flowers
are
being
watered
in
the
garden
by
the
old
man.
【解析】
考查被动语态。现在进行时被动语态的结构是is/are/am+
being
done。
例1.1.3
【答案】
The
computer
games
are
played
by
the
boy
at
night.
【解析】
考查被动语态。一般现在时被动语态的结构是am/is/are
+
done。
题模二：基本用法
例1.2.1
【答案】C
【解析】
考查被动语态。再由句意可知是男孩被告知去做某事，was
+done。故选C。
例1.2.2
【答案】D
【解析】
考查被动语态。再由句意可知是字典禁止从图书馆被带走。含有情态动词的被动语态mustn’t
+be+
done。故选D。
随练1.1
【答案】
1.
The
old
book
was
thrown
by
them
yesterday.
2.
A．letter
had
been
written
to
his
father
by
him.
3.
The
bear
has
been
seen
by
the
people
on
this
village.
4.
The
bridge
is
being
repaired
by
the
workers.
5.
The
dictionary
shouldn’t
be
brought
to
the
English
exam.
【解析】
1.
考查被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态was/were+
done。
2.
考查被动语态。过去完成时的被动语态had
been+
done。
3.
考查被动语态。现在完成时的被动语态has/have
been+
done。
4.
考查被动语态。现在进时的被动语态is/am/are
+being
+done。
5.
考查被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态shouldn’t+
be
done。
随练1.2
【答案】D
【解析】
考查被动语态。already是现在完成时的时间状语，并且books与sell
out是被动关系。再由句意“这种书卖的很好。他们已经被卖光了。”可知，故选D。
随练1.3
【答案】B
【解析】
考查被动语态。be
made
of
由…制成，be
made
in在…国家被做。再由句意“—你的外套看起来很漂亮，它是由毛制成的吗？—是的，它被产于澳大利亚。”可知，故选B。
随练1.4
【答案】D
【解析】
考查被动语态。pizza与make是被动关系。再由句意“披萨被妈妈做（过去的时间），您想要吃一些吗？可知，故选D。
随练1.5
【答案】A
【解析】
考查被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态must
be
done。再由句意“教室每天必须保持清洁。”可知，故选A。
随练1.6
【答案】C
【解析】
考查被动语态。next
week
是一般将来时的时间状语。Chinese
history与give是被动关系。故选C。
随练1.7
【答案】B
【解析】
考查被动语态。now是现在进行时的时间状语。house与paint是被动关系。故选B。
作业1
【答案】
1.
Have
the
letter
been
posted
yet?
2.
All
the
exercises
must
be
done
in
time.
3.
The
project
is
being
discussed
by
them
at
the
meeting.
4.
Every
year
a
flower
show
is
held
by
our
office
in
the
park
in
April.
5.
The
work
had
been
finished
by
the
end
of
last
term.
【解析】
1.
考查被动语态。现在完成时的被动语态has/have
been+
done。
2.
考查被动语态。带有情态动词的被动语态must
be+
done。
3.
考查被动语态。现在进行时的被动语态is/am/are
being+
done。
4.
考查被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态is/am/are+
done。
5.
考查被动语态。过去完成时的被动语态had
been+
done。
作业2
【答案】A
【解析】
考查被动语态。yesterday
是一般过去时的时间状语。由句意可知，主语“玛丽”与ask之间是被动关系，was
asked
to
do
sth.
故选A。
作业3
【答案】B
【解析】
考查被动语态。on
October?1,?1949是一般过去时的时间状语。The?People’s?Republic?of?China
与found
(建立)是被动关系。was+
done。故选B。
作业4
【答案】D
【解析】
考查被动语态。often是一般现在是的时间状语。song与sing
是被动关系。sing的过去分词是sung。is
often+
done。故选D。
作业5
【答案】B
【解析】
考查被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态shouldn’t
be
+done。Waste
paper与throw是被动关系。故选B。
作业6
【答案】A
【解析】
考查被动语态。now是现在进行时的时间状语。new
house与build是被动关系。build的过去分词是built。is
being+
done。故选A。
作业7
【答案】C
【解析】
考查被动语态。next?month是一般将来时的时间状语。book与public是被动关系。wiil
be+
done。故选C。
被动语态
知识精讲
三点剖析
题模精选
随堂练习
自我总结
课后作业
被动语态
题模精选
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