课时分层作业(十三)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A
great
deal
of
money
has
been
collected
to
help
those
suffering
from
the
floods(洪水)．
2．Too
much
drinking
will
do
damage
(伤害)
to
your
health;
you
should
take
the
doctor's
advice.
3．After
they
survived
(幸存)that
night，they
did
believe
that
everything
would
be
all
right.
4．Workers
built
shelters
(避难所)for
survivors
whose
homes
had
been
destroyed.
5．After
the
electricity
(电)
was
cut
off，the
lights
went
out.
6．After
learning
that
the
boys
had
been
lost
for
almost
20
hours，the
police
sent
out
a
rescue
(营救)
team
to
look
for
them.
7．He
suffered
(遭受)
from
poor
eyesight
and
could
no
longer
read
properly.
8．Yesterday，I
climbed
the
mountain
top
to
breathe(呼吸)the
fresh
air.
9．I
admire
your
courage
and
wisdom(智慧)．
10．In
ancient
times，people
believed
that
they
could
be
brought
back
to
life
after
death
(死亡)．
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
When
an
earthquake
hit
a
small
town，many
houses
fell
down.After
the
earthquake，all
the
newspapers
reported
many
stories
about
some
of
the
families
who
were
in
trouble.
One
Sunday，when
I
was
reading
a
newspaper，a
special
picture
touched
me.It
gave
the
clothing
sizes
of
each
family
member.I
thought
that
this
would
be
a
good
chance
to
teach
my
children
to
help
those
who
were
less
lucky
than
themselves.I
said
to
my
seven?year?old
twins，Brad
and
Brett，and
three?year?old
Meghan，“We
have
so
much，and
these
poor
people
now
have
nothing.We'll
share
what
we
have
with
them.”
I
filled
a
box
with
foods
and
clothes.While
I
was
doing
this，I
encouraged
the
boys
to
choose
their
toys
and
donate
some
of
their
less
favourite
things.Meghan
watched
quietly
as
the
boys
took
out
their
old
toys
and
games
and
put
them
together.Then
she
walked
away.A
few
minutes
later，she
came
back
with
Lucy，her
much?loved
doll.She
put
the
doll
on
top
of
the
other
toys.“Oh，dear，”I
said.“You
don't
have
to
give
Lucy.You
love
her
so
much.”Meghan
said，“Lucy
makes
me
happy，Mummy.Maybe
she'll
make
another
little
girl
happy，too.”
I
looked
at
Meghan
for
a
long
moment.She
taught
me
a
lesson.It's
easy
to
give
something
that
we
don't
want
any
more，but
hard
to
give
what
we
cherish(珍爱)，isn't
it?
【语篇解读】 作者从女儿身上悟到了何为真正的给予。
1．The
writer
has
children.
A．one
B．two
C．three
D．four
C [细节理解题。根据第二段“I
said
to
my
seven?year?old
twins，Brad
and
Brett，and
three?year?old
Meghan...”判断可知答案。]
2．The
underlined
word“donate”in
Paragraph
3
probably
means“
”．
A．捐赠
B．丢掉
C．展出
D．放好
A [词义猜测题。由孩子们找玩具及“Lucy
makes
me
happy，Mummy.Maybe
she'll
make
another
little
girl
happy，too.”判断可知答案。]
3．Lucy
is
the
name
of
．
A．a
girl
B．a
game
C．a
doll
D．an
earthquake
C [细节理解题。由第三段“...she
came
back
with
Lucy，her
much?loved
doll.”判断可知答案。]
4．What's
the
best
title
of
this
passage?
A．A
family
story
B．The
spirit
of
giving
C．The
way
of
helping
others
D．A
sad
experience
B [主旨大意题。全文介绍作者看了报纸报道地震之后许多家庭陷入困境，她想借此机会让孩子们学会关爱他人，结果女儿给自己上了一课。]
B
An
earthquake
happens
when
two
plates
rub(摩擦)
together.The
earth
plates
travel
in
different
directions
and
at
different
speeds.If
one
plate
is
slowly
forced
under
the
other，pressure
builds
up
until
the
plates
break
apart.This
process
causes
the
ground
to
move.It
is
an
earthquake.In
other
words，earthquakes
are
the
shaking
of
the
earth's
surface
caused
by
the
earth's
rocky
outer
layer(岩层)
as
a
result
of
the
energy
stored
within
the
earth.The
strain
within
the
rocks
is
suddenly
released(释放)．
The
damage
an
earthquake
causes
depends
on
where
it
is
and
when
it
is
happening.If
an
unpopulated
region
is
struck，there
will
be
low
loss
of
life
or
property.If
it
hits
a
large
city，there
may
be
many
injuries
and
much
destruction.Many
of
the
areas
at
risk
are
largely
populated
now.Major
earthquakes
hitting
those
areas
today
could
produce
terrible
damage.
Actually，there
are
several
million
small
earthquakes
every
year.Large
earthquakes
such
as
the
1964
Alaskan
quake
that
measured
9.2
on
the
Richter
scale，caused
millions
of
dollars
in
damage.In
the
last
500
years，millions
of
people
have
been
killed
by
earthquakes
around
the
world—including
240，000
in
the
1976
Tangshan
earthquake
in
China.
A
60?second
or
less
earthquake
can
cause
devastation(破坏)
that
continues
for
years
after
the
first
tremor(震动)．In
1972，a
series
of
severe
earthquakes
struck
Managua，Nicaragua.Fifteen
years
later，the
city
still
looked
the
way
it
had
a
week
after
the
earthquake
hit，because
the
country
did
not
have
the
money
necessary
to
rebuild
it.
The
shaking
of
the
earth
is
sometimes
not
the
greatest
disaster.It
is
in
the
ensuing
fires
and
floods
that
often
the
greatest
damage
occurs.In
the
1906
earthquake，it
was
the
fire
caused
after
it
that
did
the
majority
of
the
damage.An
earthquake
can
also
destroy
dams
high
above
a
city
or
valleys，causing
floods
to
sweep
down
and
sweep
away
everything
in
their
path.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲了地震的成因及危害。
5．Which
of
the
following
is
the
main
idea
of
Paragraph
1?
A．An
earthquake
comes
from
inside
the
earth.
B．The
earth
has
great
energy
in
storage.
C．How
the
earth
plates
move.
D．How
an
earthquake
happens.
D [段落大意题。第一段主要讲述了地震的成因。]
6．How
many
examples
are
used
in
the
passage
to
show
the
damage
and
destruction
earthquakes
cause?
A．Three.
B．Four.
C．Five.
D．Six.
B [细节理解题。文中提到1964年阿拉斯加地震，1976年唐山地震，1972年尼加拉瓜的马那瓜地震，以及1906年地震，共四次。]
7．Which
of
the
following
is
mentioned
to
show
that
an
earthquake
can
kill
too
many
people?
A．The
1964
Alaskan
quake.
B．The
1976
Tangshan
earthquake.
C．The
1972
Managua
earthquake.
D．The
1906
earthquake.
B [推理判断题。由第三段最后一句可知1976年唐山大地震中大约240
000人遇难。]
8．The
underlined
word“ensuing”in
the
last
paragraph
probably
means“
”．
A．causing
too
much
heat
and
great
damage
B．causing
many
injuries
and
much
destruction
C．happening
as
a
result
of
another
event
D．happening
suddenly
and
unexpectedly
C [词义猜测题。下文提到在1906年地震中，绝大部分的损失是地震引起的火灾或洪灾造成的。由此推出ensuing是指“另一件事所引起的”。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Would
you
know
what
to
do
if
a
fire
started
in
your
home?Take
the
time
now
to
review
the
following
safety
tips，and
your
family
will
be
prepared
in
time
of
a
fire
in
your
home：
1
An
escape
plan
can
help
every
member
of
a
family
get
out
of
a
burning
house.The
idea
is
to
get
outside
quickly
and
safely.
2
So
it
is
important
to
learn
and
remember
the
different
ways
out
of
your
home.
Stay
low
If
you
can
see
smoke
in
the
house，stay
low
to
the
ground
as
you
make
your
way
to
the
exit.
3
You
will
breathe
less
smoke
if
you
stay
to
the
ground.Smoke
naturally
rises，so
if
there
is
smoke
while
you
are
using
your
escape
route，staying
low
means
you
can
crawl(爬)
under
most
of
it.
What
if
you
can't
get
out
right
away?
If
you
can't
get
out
fast
because
fire
or
smoke
is
stopping
an
escape
route，you
will
want
to
yell
for
help.You
can
do
this
from
an
open
window
or
call
911
if
you
have
a
phone
with
you.
4
Then，firefighters
will
have
a
hard
time
finding
you.The
sooner
they
find
you，the
sooner
you
both
can
get
out.
If
your
clothes
catch
fire，what
should
you
do?
Your
clothes
could
catch
fire
during
a
fire
or
by
accident
if
you
step
too
close
to
a
candle.If
this
happens，don't
run！Instead，stop，drop
to
the
ground，cover
your
face
with
your
hands，and
roll.This
will
cut
off
the
air
and
put
out
the
flames.
5
A．Know
your
way
out
B．Preventing
fires
is
in
the
first
place!
C．An
easy
way
to
remember
this
is：Stop，Drop，and
Roll!
D．Smoke
from
a
fire
can
make
it
hard
to
see
where
things
are.
E．They
will
help
prepare
you
for
what
you
need
to
do
in
case
of
a
fire.
F．Even
if
you
are
scared，never
hide
under
the
bed
or
in
a
closet.
G．In
a
fire，smoke
and
poisonous(有毒的)
air
hurt
more
people
than
the
actual
flames(火焰)
do.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是在家里发生火灾时的应急措施。
1．A [此空是一个小标题，根据下文小标题，可知应该用短小精悍的祈使句，再根据下文提示“一个逃生计划可以帮助每个家庭成员从着火的房子里出来。”由此推知，A项(知道你的逃生出路)切题。]
2．D [根据下文提示“所以了解和记住走出家门的不同路线是很重要的。”可知，D项(火冒出来的烟会使人很难看清东西在哪里)切题。]
3．G [根据上文提示“如果你能看到房子里有烟，在你向出口走的时候，离地面低一点。”可知，G项(在火灾中，烟雾和有毒的空气比火焰更伤人。)切题。]
4．F [根据下文提示“那么，消防员将很难找到你。”可知，F项(即使你害怕，也不要躲在床底下或壁橱里。)切题。]
5．C [上文提示“如果发生这种情况，不要跑！相反，停下来，倒在地上，用手捂住脸，然后滚。这将切断空气，扑灭火焰。”可知，C项(记住这一点的一个简单方法是：停止、倒下和滚动！)切题。]
1阅读“Reading
2”中的材料，选出最佳选项：
1．What
caused
the
tsunami?
A．Hurricane.
B．Typhoon.
C．Flood.
D．Earthquake.
2．What
is
a
magnitude
of
the
earthquake
that
happened
on
December
27，2004?
A．7.0.
B．9.0.
C．7.5.
D．6.
3．Why
was
food
and
supplies
hard
to
deliver?
A．Because
there
were
not
enough
food
and
supplies.
B．Because
rescue
teams
dared
not
go.
C．Because
conditions
were
hard
and
roads
were
destroyed.
D．Because
governments
didn't
organise
rescue
teams.
4．Where
can
this
passage
most
probably
be
seen?
A．A
monthly
magazine.
B．A
daily
newspaper.
C．A
travel
brochure.
D．A
government
website.
[答案] 1－4 DBCB
Words
And
Phrases
supply
n．[pl.]补给品；供应(量)；补给
vt.供应；供给
(教材P52)The
supplies
which
were
provided
to
the
disaster
area
were
collected
from
around
the
country.
向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。
[例1] The
water
supply
has
been
cut
off
because
the
workers
are
repairing
the
main
pipes.
因工人们在修主要管道水资源供应被切断。
[例2] The
Internet
supplies
a
lot
of
information
to
us
every
day.
＝
The
Internet
supplies
us
with
a
lot
of
information
every
day.因特网每天给我们提供很多信息。
[造句]我们供应他们钱和衣服。
We
supplied
them
with
money
and
clothes.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
in
short
supply
短缺
a
supply
of
一批，很多
(2)supply
sth.to
sb.
为某人提供某物
supply
sb.with
sth.
为某人提供某物
[即学即练]
完成句子/一句多译
①战争期间许多药物供应不足。
Many
drugs
were
in
short
supply
during
the
war.
那家公司向印刷商提供纸张。
②That
company
supplies
paper
to
the
printers．
③That
company
supplies
the
printers
with
paper．
survive
vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过
(教材P52)She's
feeding
the
baby
who
survived
the
earthquake.她正在喂养地震中幸存的婴儿。
[例1] Of
the
six
people
injured
in
the
terrible
accident，only
two
survived.
在这次可怕的事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
[例2] Some
strange
customs
have
survived
from
earlier
times.有些奇怪的风俗是从早年流传下来的。
[造句]那位老太太比她所有的兄弟姐妹都多活了10年。
The
old
lady
has
survived
all
her
sisters
and
brothers
by
ten
years.
[知识拓展]
(1)survive
sth.
幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来
A
survive
B
(by...)
A比B活得长……
survive
on
依靠……生存下来
survive
from...
从……存活下来，流传下来
(2)survivor
n.
幸存者
survival
n.
[U]幸存；[C]残存物
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①
Survivors(survive)of
the
accident
were
rushed
to
the
nearest
hospital
in
no
time.
②He
was
barely
surviving
on
his
earnings
as
an
artist.
完成句子
③His
parents
died
in
World
War
Ⅱ，but
he
survived(但是他幸存了下来)．
④They
did
not
know
how
they
could
survive
the
cold
night(挨过这个寒冷之夜)．
[小片段填空]
He
was
the
only
survivor
in
that
bad
accident，and
after
the
survival，he
has
been
living
a
happy
and
healthy
life.
在那次严重的事故中，他是唯一的幸存者，幸存下来后，他一直过着幸福健康的生活。
power
n．能力；力量；权力
(教材P53)Go
to
an
open
space
away
from
buildings，trees，or
power
lines.
去一个远离建筑物，树木或电线的空阔地方。
[例1] There
was
a
time
when
the
girl
lost
the
power
of
speech.
曾经有一段时间，这个女孩不能说话。
[例2] It
is
reported
that
the
new
president
will
settle
a
lot
of
problems
the
moment
he
comes
to
power.
据报道，新总统一上台就要解决很多问题。
[造句]我不懂电脑运行原理。
It's
beyond
my
power
to
understand
how
the
computer
works.
[知识拓展]
(1)have
the
power
to
do
sth.
具有做某事的能力
come
to
power
上台；执政(动作)
be
in
power
执政；掌权(状态)
out
of/beyond
one's
power
力所不能及的
(2)powerful
adj.
强有力的
[即学即练]
完成句子
①Since
he
came
to
power，he
has
been
in
power
for
almost
five
years.
自从他上台，已执政将近五年了。
②I'm
afraid
it's
beyond/out
of
my
power
to
help
you.
我恐怕无力帮助你。
strike
vi.&vt.击打；
撞击；
罢工；
突然想到；打动，迷住；(钟)
敲；
侵袭；突击
n．罢工；罢课
(教材P54)The
undersea
quake
struck
around
7：00
a．m.，Sunday
off
the
west
coast
of
Indonesia's
Sumatra
Island.
星期天早上七点左右海底地震袭击印度尼西亚西海岸的苏门答腊岛。
[例1] A
good
idea
struck
me
while
I
was
walking
along
the
river.
我在河边散步时突然有了一个好主意。
[例2] We
were
all
struck
by
his
speech
the
other
day.
我们都被他那天的演讲所打动。
[造句]当我们进入超市时，钟正敲响十点。
The
clock
was
striking
ten
as
we
went
into
the
supermarket.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
struck
by...
被……打动
某人突然想起……
(2)be/go
on
strike
举行罢工
[即学即练]
完成句子
①It
struck
me
that
the
phone
number
I
had
told
them
was
wrong.
我忽然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错的。
②If
the
interests
of
the
workers
are
not
considered，they'll
go
on
strike
next
week.
如果工人的利益得不到考虑，下周他们会继续罢工。
③Struck
by
strong
flood，the
area
faced
water
and
electricity
shortage.
受到洪水的袭击，这个地区面临着缺水和停电。
deliver
vt.递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)
(教材P54)However，dangerous
conditions
and
damaged
roads
will
make
it
difficult
to
deliver
food
and
supplies.
然而，危险的条件和受损的道路将使运送食物和物资变得困难。
[例1] It
was
very
considerate
of
you
to
deliver
milk
to
our
door
every
morning.
你考虑得非常周到，每天早上把牛奶送到我们家门口。
[例2] Hans
was
asked
to
deliver
a
speech
on
the
graduation
in
Harvard
University.
汉斯被邀请在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲。
[造句]我想知道上周你为什么拒绝把我的信送到我家。
I
wonder
why
you
refused
to
deliver
my
letters
to
my
home
last
week.
[知识拓展]
deliver
sth.to
投递/运送某物给……
deliver
a
speech
发表演说
[即学即练]
完成句子
①The
headmaster
delivered
an
important
speech
at
the
meeting
yesterday.
在昨天的会议上校长发表了重要演说。
②Please
deliver
this
package
to
my
mother.
请把这个包裹交给我母亲。
③He
delivered
a
lecture
to
the
students.
他给学生们开办了一次讲座。
Sentence
Patterns
sb.
was/were
doing...when...某人正在做某事，这时……
(教材P54)I
was
having
breakfast
with
my
three
children
when
water
started
filling
my
home.
我正在和三个孩子一起吃早餐这时家里开始充满了水。
[句式分析]
when在此处是并列连词，表示“正在那时，这时”，常用句型有：
be
doing...when...
正在做……，就在这时……
be
about
to
do...when...
正要做……，就在这时……
had
just
done...when...
刚做过……这时……
[例1] We
were
having
a
meeting
when
someone
broke
in.
当时我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。
[例2] I
was
making
a
phone
call
when
the
door
was
blown
open.
我正在打电话，突然门被风吹开了。
[造句]汤姆正在玩电脑游戏，这时他爸爸进来了。
Tom
was
playing
computer
games
when
his
father
came
in.
[即学即练]
完成/翻译句子
①John
was
studying
in
his
room
when
he
heard
screaming.
约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了一声尖叫。
②I
was
thinking
of
this
when
I
heard
my
name
called．
我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。
③I
had
just
finished
my
test
paper
when
the
bell
rang．
我刚完成试卷，这时铃声响了。
④I
was
about
to
leave
when
it
began
to
rain.
我正要离开，这时开始下雨了。
猜测词义
猜测词义，是指在阅读中根据对语篇的信息、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、关键词的词义。
[例题剖析]
But
he's
nervous.“I'm
here
to
tell
you
today
why
you
should...should...”Chris
trips
on
the
“?ld，”a
pronunciation
difficulty
for
many
non?native
English
speakers.His
teacher，Thomas
Whaley，is
next
to
him，whispering
support.“...Vote
for...me...”Except
for
some
stumbles，Chris
is
doing
amazingly
well.When
he
brings
his
speech
to
a
nice
conclusion，Whaley
invites
the
rest
of
the
class
to
praise
him.
方法技巧：①利用上下文与其意义上的联系猜测词义②利用文中的举例猜测词义③根据构词法进行猜测④根据因果关系进行猜测
★What
does
the
underlined
word“stumbles”
in
the
paragraph
refer
to?
A．Improper
pauses.
B．Bad
manners.
C．Spelling
mistakes.
D．Silly
jokes.
A [词义猜测题。根据段落中的“you
should...should...”以及“...Vote
for...me...”这样的语句特点可知，Chris的演讲不流畅，也就是说有不适当的停顿。这是他表现不好的地方，与画线词后的句意“他完成得非常好”构成转折关系，与短语except
for的语意相呼应。注意：高考阅读中的熟词生义现象非常关键，例如，如果能够注意到本段中的trips一词在此语境中的特殊意义(意为“绊倒”)则有助于快速解答此题。]
[即学即练]
The
schools
are
reluctant
to
take
time
off—even
teachers
with
tickets
for
the
England?Argentina
game
have
trouble
getting
the
day
off.
★The
underlined
word“reluctant”in
the
passage
may
probably
mean
．
A．kind
B．unwilling
C．free
D．careless
B [词义猜测题。根据破折号后的“even
teachers
with
tickets
for
the
England?Argentina
game
have
trouble
getting
the
day
off”可知，即使是拿着比赛门票的老师也很难请假。由此可知reluctant指的是“不愿意的，不情愿的”。]
1Unity
is
strength.团结就是力量。
The
first
in
time
and
the
first
in
importance
of
the
influences
upon
the
mind
is
that
of
nature.
—Emerson
在所有对头脑的影响之中，大自然的影响可谓在时间上最先，在作用上最为重要。
——爱默生
There
is
kindness
to
be
found
everywhere.
人间处处有温情。
The
earth
is
our
only
home?planet.
地球是我们唯一的家园。
The
fear
of
the
disaster
is
worse
than
the
disaster
itself.对灾难的恐惧比灾难本身更可怕。
Life
is
good，if
you
will
let
it
be.Life
is
good
when
you
focus
on
its
most
positive
aspects.
Let
life
be
good
by
letting
go
of
the
need
to
satisfy
yourself.Let
life
be
good
by
letting
go
of
the
need
to
impress
others.
Let
life
be
good
by
seeing
the
best
in
others，those
with
whom
you
disagree
as
well
as
those
with
whom
you
agree.Let
life
be
good
by
finding
the
positive
aspects
of
every
situation，and
by
acting
to
create
a
positive
outcome.
The
Miracle
of
Life
Let
me
tell
you
a
touching
true
story
that
happened
in
the
Wenchuan
earthquake.
After
the
earthquake，the
rescuers
arrived
at
the
disaster
area
as
soon
as
possible.After
getting
there，they
carried
out
the
rescue
plan
quickly
and
tried
their
best
to
save
as
many
people
as
they
could.
In
a
destroyed
house，they
found
a
woman.She
was
dead
and
covered
in
the
ruins
when
the
rescuers
found
her.Through
cracks
of
the
ruins，they
could
see
her
last
action.Being
on
her
knees，the
upper
part
of
her
body
was
forward，with
her
hands
on
the
ground
to
support
her
body.It
looked
strange
because
she
was
bent
out
of
shape.
Just
as
the
rescue
team
went
to
the
next
building，suddenly
the
leader
called，“Come
here！”He
came
to
the
body，stretched
his
hands
under
the
woman，feeling
and
touching，and
then
he
shouted
loudly，“There
is
someone，a
baby，still
alive！”
Through
some
effort，rescuers
cleaned
up
the
bricks
covering
her
body.Under
her
body
was
her
baby，who
was
packed
in
a
small
red
quilt
with
yellow
flowers.He
was
about
3
or
4
months
old.Because
he
was
well
protected
by
the
mother's
body，he
was
totally
safe.He
was
sleeping
when
the
rescuers
carried
him
out，and
his
lovely
and
peaceful
face
warmed
everyone
around
him.When
the
doctor
along
with
the
rescue
team
examined
the
baby，he
found
a
mobile
phone
in
the
quilt.The
doctor
looked
at
the
screen.A
written
message
was
there，“My
dear
baby，if
you
survive，don't
forget
how
much
I
love
you.”As
a
doctor，he
had
witnessed
a
lot
of
pain
and
death，but
at
that
moment，he
cried.The
mobile
phone
was
passed
on
to
the
other
people；every
person
who
saw
this
message
was
moved
to
tears.
[探索发现]
1．Find
out
what
the
underlined
word“touching”means?
It
means
“moving”．
2．Find
out
what
made
the
baby
safe.
His
mother's
love
and
protection
made
the
baby
safe.
3．Find
out
what
you
feel
after
reading
the
story.
I
was
moved
to
tears，what
a
great
mother!
1课时分层作业(十五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Recently，a
woman
who
lives
in
a
small
apartment
in
San
Francisco
asked
me
a
question.She
wanted
to
know
how
to
prepare
for
a
big
earthquake.In
fact，it's
quite
necessary
for
people
in
San
Francisco
to
do
that.Since
she
lives
in
an
apartment，she
cannot
store
water
in
a
backyard
or
place
a
rain
collection
system.Here
is
my
answer
to
her.
Firstly，you
should
store
water
and
food.Storing
water
is
actually
very
easy.A
gallon
per
day
is
enough
for
you
to
drink.You
can
buy
one
of
those
5?gallon
spring
water
containers
and
put
it
in
the
kitchen.Check
the
expiration
date(保质期)，and
get
some
new
water
when
needed.Food
isn't
that
hard，either.Get
a
few
cans
of
soup，some
canned
fruit，and
canned
chickpeas
or
beans.Make
sure
they
all
can
be
eaten
without
heating.This
will
cost
less
than
$20
and
take
up
very
little
space
in
your
kitchen.Throw
a
cheap
can?opener
in
there
while
you're
at
it，tape(用胶带粘贴)
it
to
the
can，and
forget
about
that
one,
too.
Secondly，first
aid
is
going
to
let
you
stay
out
of
limited
medical
facilities(装备)，allowing
you
to
avoid
getting
truly
injured.In
a
big
disaster，you'll
probably
get
hurt.Being
able
to
clean
and
protect
a
skin
wound
is
important.The
Red
Cross
first?aid
kit
is
cheap
($16)
and
small，and
contains
what
you
need.
Finally，information
is
almost
as
important
as
the
other
two.You
really
want
a
small
radio
to
know
what
is
going
on
around
you.There
are
going
to
be
shelters，first?aid
facilities，and
safe
and
unsafe
areas.You
need
a
radio
to
know
where
they
are.The
National
Guard
will
be
somewhere
helping
out，and
you
need
to
learn
where.The
network
will
probably
be
down，so
you
can't
count
on
that.
Therefore，you
just
need
$60
and
about
30
minutes
of
shopping，and
then
you
can
survive
for
3
days
without
any
help.
【语篇解读】 一位女士问作者如何为大地震做准备，本文是作者对那位女士的回答。
1．What
was
the
woman's
problem?
A．She
was
afraid
of
big
earthquakes.
B．She
didn't
have
a
backyard
to
store
her
things.
C．She
didn't
know
how
to
prepare
for
a
big
earthquake.
D．She
didn't
know
how
to
set
up
a
rain
collection
system.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段的“She
wanted
to
know
how
to
prepare
for
a
big
earthquake.”可知，那位女士的问题是：她不知该如何为大地震做准备。]
2．The
underlined
part
in
Paragraph
2
means
the
woman
should
．
A．buy
another
can?opener
B．just
leave
the
can?opener
there
C．forget
everything
she
has
done
D．tape
the
can?opener
to
the
can
B [句意理解题。把开瓶器放在那里后就应该忘记这个开瓶器，作者的意思是只有地震发生后才会用到它。故选B项。]
3．What
does
the
author
think
of
preparing
a
first?aid
kit?
A．It's
not
an
easy
thing
to
do.
B．It
can't
be
used
to
save
a
life.
C．It's
important
in
an
earthquake.
D．It's
too
limited
for
people
in
a
disaster.
C [推理判断题。根据第三段的“In
a
big
disaster，you'll
probably
get
hurt.Being
able
to
clean
and
protect
a
skin
wound
is
important.”可知，作者认为一个急救箱在地震中很重要。]
B
After
an
earthquake
most
survivors
can
be
expected
to
recover
over
time，particularly
with
the
support
of
family
and
friends.Some
families
will
be
able
to
return
to
their
normal
life
quickly，while
others
will
have
to
contend
with
the
destruction
of
their
homes，medical
problems，and
injury
to
family
members.Children
especially
will
need
time
to
recover
from
the
loss
of
a
loved
one
or
a
pet
or
from
the
closing
down
of
their
school.
Children
often
turn
to
adults
for
information，comfort
and
help.Parents
should
try
to
remain
calm,
answer
children's
questions
honestly
and
remain
understanding
when
they
see
changes
in
their
children's
behaviour.
Children
react
differently
to
an
earthquake
depending
on
their
ages，developmental
levels
and
former
experiences.Some
will
respond
by
withdrawing(不与人交往)，while
others
will
have
angry
outbursts(爆发)．Parents
should
remain
sensitive
to
each
child's
reactions.Parents
should
spend
time
talking
to
their
children，letting
them
know
that
it's
OK
to
ask
questions
and
to
share
their
worries.Although
it
may
be
hard
to
find
time
to
have
these
talks，parents
can
use
regular
family
mealtimes
or
bedtime
for
them.They
should
answer
questions
briefly
and
honestly
and
be
sure
to
ask
their
children
for
their
opinions
and
ideas.Issues
may
come
up
more
than
once
and
parents
should
remain
patient
when
you
answer
the
questions
again.For
young
children，parents，after
talking
about
the
earthquake，might
read
a
favourite
story
or
have
a
relaxing
family
activity
to
help
them
calm
down.Parents
should
also
tell
children
they
are
safe
and
spend
extra
time
with
them.They
could
play
games
outside
or
read
together
indoors.Most
importantly，be
sure
to
tell
them
you
love
them.
【语篇解读】 本文就震后如何帮助孩子恢复身心健康向家长提出了有关建议。
4．The
underlined
phrase“contend
with”in
Paragraph
1
can
be
replaced
by“
”．
A．deal
with
B．make
up
C．put
off
D．turn
back
A [词义猜测题。根据上下文可推出此处“contend
with”意思为“处理”。与deal
with接近。]
5．When
children
ask
the
same
questions
again，parents
should
________．
A．read
a
favourite
story
to
comfort
them
B．ask
them
to
help
do
some
housework
C．be
patient
and
answer
the
questions
again
D．take
them
out
to
play
games
C [细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Issues
may
come
up
more
than
once
and
parents
should
remain
patient
when
you
answer
the
questions
again.”可知答案。]
6．Which
of
the
following
pieces
of
advice
is
NOT
mentioned
in
the
passage?
A．Keep
a
close
watch
on
children's
behaviour.
B．Tell
the
children
they
are
safe.
C．Tell
the
children
you
love
them.
D．Ask
education
experts
for
help.
D [细节理解题。从文章最后一段可找到有关A、B、C三个选项的表述，D项文中没有提及。]
7．What
can
we
know
from
the
passage?
A．All
people
will
recover
from
an
earthquake
quickly.
B．Children
may
need
a
longer
time
to
recover
after
an
earthquake.
C．Children
should
turn
to
their
classmates
for
help
after
an
earthquake.
D．Children
react
in
the
same
way
as
adults
do
to
an
earthquake.
B [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Children
especially
will
need
time
to
recover
from...”可知B项正确。]
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
In
schools
and
at
home，most
of
us
have
been
scolded
or
even
got
punished
for
daydreaming.The
majority
of
people
say
that
by
daydreaming
we
waste
our
time
and
energy
on
something
that
is
nothing
less
than
unproductive
things.But
many
medical
studies
have
showed
something
different.They've
stressed
on
the
fact
that
daydreaming
works
wonders
on
our
imagination
power，creativity
and
situation?handling
technique.In
fact，many
problems
can
be
easily
solved
if
we
daydream.
The
topmost
benefit(好处)
of
daydreaming
is
that
your
mood
gets
the
right
improvement.By
separating
yourself
from
the
world
around
you，you
tend
to
enjoy
the
aloneness
in
your
mind
and
get
peace
from
daydreaming
as
you
think
about
something
that
calms
your
senses.When
you
start
imagining
things
or
while
daydreaming，you
tend
to
forget
all
the
stress
and
tension.Instead，you
get
happiness
from
it
and
this
happiness
changes
into
a
source
of
energy
that
helps
you
in
working
in
a
good
mood.
Many
psychologists
have
said
that
people
who
daydream
tend
to
have
a
sharper
memory.It's
true
that
when
you're
daydreaming，you
tend
to
get
carried
away
to
imagine
various
situations，either
real
or
unreal.You
tend
to
act
differently
in
different
situations，trying
to
satisfy
your
mind
by
doing
what
you
want
in
your
dreams.When
your
mind
gets
satisfied，you're
in
a
better
position
to
concentrate
more
on
your
work.Since
daydreaming
activates(激活)the
nerves
of
your
brain，you
tend
to
pay
more
attention
and
your
ability
to
remember
things
develops.
When
you
daydream，you
automatically
imagine
yourself
as
your
heart
says
and
therefore，you
get
to
know
yourself
better.You
also
start
realizing
the
mistakes
you've
made
in
life
and
you
start
trying
your
best
to
avoid
repeating
them.
Such
imagination
techniques
help
you
to
connect
yourself
with
your
soul.
[参考范文]
Most
people
regard
daydreaming
as
a
waste
of
time
and
energy.However，that's
not
the
case.Many
medical
studies
have
found
that
daydreaming
has
a
lot
of
benefits.(要点1)First
of
all，daydreaming
can
improve
your
mood.(要点2)What's
more，it
helps
develop
your
memory.(要点3)Last
but
not
least，daydreaming
helps
you
to
know
yourself
better.(要点4)
1定语从句(Ⅰ)
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。
从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why。
[观察例句]
1.
There
were
deep
cracks
that/which
appeared
in
the
well
walls.
2．Two
thirds
of
the
people
who
lived
there
were
dead
or
injured.
3．The
number
of
people
who
were
killed
or
badly
injured
in
the
quake
was
more
than
400，000.
4．Soon
after
the
quakes，the
army
sent
150，000
soldiers
to
Tangshan
to
dig
out
those
who
were
trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead.
5．Workers
built
shelters
for
survivors
whose
homes
had
been
destroyed.
6．A
doctor
with
whom
James
used
to
work
died
in
the
2016
earthquake
in
Ecuador.
7．Mr.Li
is
an
architect
whose
designs
for
the
new
town
of
Wenchuan
have
won
praise.
8．The
supplies
which
were
provided
to
the
disaster
area
were
collected
from
around
the
country.
[归纳用法]
一、关系代词的基本用法
1．who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The
man
who
is
talking
with
my
father
is
a
teacher.
正在和我父亲说话的那个人是个教师。
The
girl
(who)
I
met
yesterday
was
his
sister.
我昨天见到的那个女孩是他的妹妹。
2．whom指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略，不能作主语。
The
boy(whom)the
teacher
often
praises
is
their
monitor.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
[名师点津] (1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。
The
boy(who/whom/that)we
saw
yesterday
was
John's
brother.
昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。
(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。
He
is
a
man
from
whom
we
are
all
ready
to
learn.
他是我们大家都愿意学习的人。
[即学即练1]
用关系代词填空
①Do
you
know
the
man
who
is
talking
with
your
mother?
②Those
who
want
to
see
the
film
set
down
your
names，please.
③This
is
the
person
who/whom
you
should
thank
for
helping
your
son.
3．which只指物，不指人，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
Guilin
is
a
city
which
has
a
history
of
2，000
years.
桂林是一个有2
000年历史的城市。
The
young
man
was
very
happy
to
get
back
the
gold
ring(which)
he
had
lost
on
the
train.
那个年轻人找回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。
4．whose既可指人，也可指物。其后接名词，与先行词构成从属关系，在从句中作定语。
This
is
the
scientist
whose
name
is
known
all
over
the
country.
这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。
Nobody
wants
the
house
whose
roof
has
fallen
in.
没有人想要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。
5．that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The
woman(that)I
read
about
in
the
newspaper
has
just
won
a
gold
medal.
我在报纸上读过那位妇女的相关报道，她刚刚夺得一枚金牌。
The
report(that)Mr.Turner
handed
in
was
about
the
motor
race.
特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。
[即学即练2]
用关系代词填空
①Look，here
are
some
people
who/whom/that
I
want
you
to
meet.
②Any
student
whose
family
is
too
poor
to
go
to
school
can
get
help
from
the
government.
③The
picture
that/which
was
about
the
accident
was
terrible.
二、用that不用which的情况
1．当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，little，much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。
All
that
can
be
done
has
been
done.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2．当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This
is
the
most
delicious
food
that
I
have
ever
had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食品。
3．当先行词被the
only，the
very，the
last修饰时。
Chatting
was
the
only
thing
that
interested
her
most.聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。
4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。
She
took
photographs
of
the
things
and
people
that
she
was
interested
in.
她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
5．当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。
Who
is
the
person
that
is
standing
at
the
gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁?
6．当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Shanghai
is
no
longer
the
city
that
it
used
to
be.
上海已不是过去那个样子了。
[即学即练3]
完成句子
①This
is
the
most
beautiful
park
that
I
have
visited.
这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
②We
often
talk
about
the
persons
and
things
that
we
remember．
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
③I
have
found
the
pen
that
I
lost
yesterday.
我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
三、用which不用that的情况
1．在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。
This
is
the
room
in
which
he
lives.
这是他住的房间。
2．引导非限制性定语从句时。
Tom
came
back，which
made
us
very
happy.
汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
3．在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前一句的关系代词是that，那么后一句的关系代词就要用which。
Let
me
show
you
the
novel
that
I
borrowed
from
the
library
which
was
newly
open.
让我给你看这本从新开的图书馆里借来的小说。
[即学即练4]
用关系代词填空
①The
house
in
which
I
used
to
live
has
become
a
shoe
shop.
②Have
you
ever
read
the
book，which
was
written
by
a
young
girl?
四、使用定语从句的注意事项
1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。“one
of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the
only
one
of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
This
is
one
of
the
books
which
were
written
by
Charles
Dickens.
这是查理斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。
He
is
the
only
one
of
the
boys
in
our
class
who
has
learned
French.
他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。
注意：which引导非限制性定语从句时，往往代表前面所说的整个情况。这时which被看作单数，其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。
He
said
he
was
a
Frenchman，which
was
not
true.
他说他是一个法国人，这不是真的。
2．为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This
is
the
factory
which
we
visited
last
Sunday.(visited后不可加it)
这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。
3．关系代词的省略。
(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。
(2)作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略；作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略，如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。
(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
[即学即练5]单句语法填空
①All
things
that
can
be
done
has
(have)
been
done.
②The
student
you
should
learn
from
is
the
one
who
works
hard
and
studies
hard.
③He
is
one
of
the
students
who
know
Spanish.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
boy
who/that
broke
the
window
is
called
Tom.
2．The
most
interesting
book
that
I
have
ever
read
is
Othello.
3．Do
you
know
the
lady
whom/who
our
English
teacher
is
talking
with
under
the
big
tree?
4．They
talked
about
their
classmates
and
things
that
they
still
remember
in
middle
school.
5．The
most
important
thing
that
we
should
consider
is
the
first
idea
that
he
has
mentioned
in
his
speech.
6．My
eldest
son，whose
work
takes
him
all
over
the
world，is
in
New
York
at
the
moment.
7．Do
you
still
remember
the
chicken
farm
that/which/不填
we
visited
three
months
ago?
8．Women
who
drink
more
than
two
cups
of
coffee
a
day
have
a
greater
chance
of
having
heart
disease
than
those
who
don't.
9．This
is
the
building
whose
windows
were
all
painted
green.
10．That
is
one
of
the
most
interesting
books
that
are
sold
in
the
bookshop.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Have
you
ever
asked
yourself
why
children
go
to
school?You
will
probably
say
1.that
they
go
to
learn
languages，arithmetic，history，science
and
some
other
knowledge.That
is
quite
true，2.but
why
do
they
learn
these
things?
We
send
our
children
to
school
to
prepare
them
for
the
time
3.when
they
will
be
big
and
will
have
to
work
for
themselves.Nearly
everything
4.that
they
study
at
school
has
some
practical
use
in
their
life.But
is
that
the
only
reason
5.why
they
go
to
school?
There
is
more
in
education
than
just
learning
facts.We
go
to
school
to
learn
how
to
learn，so
6.that
when
we
have
left
school
we
can
continue
to
learn.
A
man
7.who/that
really
knows
how
to
learn
will
always
be
successful，8.because
when
he
has
to
do
something
new，he
will
not
only
be
able
to
do
it
well
himself，he
will
also
be
able
to
teach
others
how
to
do
it
in
the
best
way.The
person
9.who/that
is
uneducated，on
the
other
hand，is
either
unable
to
do
something
new，or
just
does
it
badly.The
purpose
of
schools，10.therefore，is
not
to
teach
languages，arithmetic，history，science，etc.，but
to
teach
pupils
the
way
to
learn.
1概要写作
概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。所需阅读的短文词数在350以内。
[写作流程]
第一步：归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)
概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题，进而提取主旨大意，即有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点或主张。
阅读语篇时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法：
记叙文
圈出记叙文的六要素(who，when，where，what，how，why)，如果是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意
说明文
找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议
议论文
提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、论证)
第二步：提炼关键词
1．结合主旨大意，细读段落，找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词，区别段落中哪些是main
ideas，哪些是supporting
ideas，examples和additional
information。通常是在相对重要的句子中提炼关键词。正确的关键词和关键句是概要写作最重要的内容和依据。
2．消减事例，尽量减少实事并省略细节。
第三步：合并和改写
1．合并信息首先需要对信息进行分类、整合，找到信息之间的联系，再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起，但如果联系紧密，且没有支持的细节信息，可以考虑合并。
2．在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变(改词、换句型)。
第四步：核查成文
核查连贯性，优先考虑使用最短连接词(but，then，later，finally，besides，thus，therefore，yet，however)；核查标点和语法；核查词数。
[常用语句]
1．表示文章的内容以及研究目的
This
paper
is
aimed
at/covers/mainly
deals
with...
The
article
focuses
on
the
topic
of...
This
article/passage
mainly
tells(a
story)about...
This
passage
mainly
deals
with/discusses/explores...
This
essay
presents
knowledge
that...
This
paper
provides/gives
an
overview
of...
In
this
passage(about...)，the
author...
The
author
began
the
essay/passage
by
telling/
presenting...
First/Firstly/In
the
beginning/In
the
first
part，the
author
argues/explains/mentions/states/points
out(that)．..
2．表示研究的结论
The
result
showed
that...
The
author
found
that...
It
was
concluded
that...
Finally/As
a
conclusion，the
author
concludes/adds/stresses
that...
Finally，the
author
summarizes
that...
3．表示观点或建议
The
author
suggests/considers
that...
As
far
as
the
author
is
concerned，...
In
the
author's
view，...
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting
rid
of
dirt，in
the
opinion
of
most
people，is
a
good
thing.However，there
is
nothing
fixed
about
attitudes
to
dirt.
In
the
early
16th
century，people
thought
that
dirt
on
the
skin
was
a
means
to
block
out
disease，as
medical
opinion
had
it
that
washing
off
dirt
with
hot
water
could
open
up
the
skin
and
let
ills
in.A
particular
danger
was
thought
to
lie
in
public
baths.By
1538，the
French
king
had
closed
the
bath
houses
in
his
kingdom.So
did
the
king
of
England
in
1546.Thus
began
a
long
time
when
the
rich
and
the
poor
in
Europe
lived
with
dirt
in
a
friendly
way.Henry
Ⅳ，King
of
France，was
famously
dirty.Upon
learning
that
a
nobleman
had
taken
a
bath，the
king
ordered
that，to
avoid
the
attack
of
disease，the
nobleman
should
not
go
out.
Though
the
belief
in
the
merit(好处)
of
dirt
was
long?lived，dirt
has
no
longer
been
regarded
as
a
nice
neighbor
ever
since
the
18th
century.Scientifically
speaking，cleaning
away
dirt
is
good
to
health.Clean
water
supply
and
hand
washing
are
practical
means
of
preventing
disease.Yet，it
seems
that
standards
of
cleanliness
have
moved
beyond
science
since
World
War
Ⅱ.Advertisements
repeatedly
sell
the
idea：clothes
need
to
be
whiter
than
white，cloths
ever
softer，surfaces
to
shine.Has
the
hate
for
dirt，however，gone
too
far?
Attitudes
to
dirt
still
differ
hugely
nowadays.Many
first?time
parents
nervously
try
to
warn
their
children
off
touching
dirt，which
might
be
responsible
for
the
spread
of
disease.On
the
contrary，Mary
Ruebush，an
American
immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages
children
to
play
in
the
dirt
to
build
up
a
strong
immune
system.And
the
latter(后者)
position
is
gaining
some
ground.
[参考范文]
People
have
mixed
opinions
towards
dirt
on
our
skin.(要点1)For
a
long
time
in
history，people
of
some
European
countries，such
as
France，believed
that
dirt
protected
people
from
getting
ill.(要点2)However，people
began
to
change
their
attitudes
to
dirt
about
200
years
ago.People
have
been
told
that
washing
dirt
off
our
body
can
keep
us
healthy.(要点3)．Some
scientists
believe
that
exposure
to
some
dirt
may
help
our
immune
system，though.(要点4)
1Ⅰ.匹配词义
( )1.drought
A．n.管子；管道
( )2.brick
B．n.砖；砖块
( )3.metal
C．n.飓风
( )4.context
D．n.&
v．碰撞；撞击
( )5.crash
E．n.上下文；语境
( )6.hurricane
F．n.旱灾
( )7.pipe
G．n.金属
( )8.sweep
away
H．露天；在户外
( )9.in
the
open
air
I．消灭；彻底消除
( )10.in
ruins
J．严重受损；破败不堪
[答案] 1－5 FBGED 6－10 CAIHJ
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．disaster
n．灾难；灾害
2．rescue
n．&
vt.营救；救援
3．damage
vt.&
n．损害；损失
4．destroy
vt.摧毁；毁灭
5．affect
vt.影响；侵袭
6．electricity
n．电；电能
7．effort
n．努力；艰难的尝试
8．power
n．电力供应；能量
9．calm
adj.冷静的
vt.使平静
10．deliver
v．递送；发表
Ⅰ.语境填空
flooded，waving，shelters，survive，shock，buried，trap，disasters，supplied，delivered
1．The
persons
in
the
earthquake?stricken
area
are
in
need
of
food，medicine
and
shelters．
2．How
does
the
family
survive
on
such
a
small
monthly
wage?
3．Latest
reports
say
that
mudslides
buried
the
village.
4．After
the
woman
heard
that
her
husband
was
killed
in
the
car
accident，she
went
into
shock．
5．In
order
to
catch
the
bear，some
villagers
set
a
trap
and
covered
it
with
some
leaves.
6．This
is
one
of
the
worst
disasters
that
hit
the
area.
7．He
has
supplied
me
with
the
necessary
information.
8．Do
you
have
your
milk
delivered
to
your
house
every
day?
9．A
man
in
the
water
was
shouting
and
waving
his
arms
around
wildly.
10．Adults
understand
what
it
feels
like
to
be
flooded
with
objects.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．They
said
they
did
not
want
war,
but
if
attacked
they
would
fight
to
the
death(dead)．
2．I
have
dreams
of
this
place
and
wonder
what
it
would
be
like
to
breathe(breath)
this
air.
3．We
all
got
shocked(shock)
at
the
story.
4．The
length(long)
of
a
paragraph
depends
on
the
information.
5．He
gave
an
example
of
bravery
and
wisdom(wise)．
6．Alan
looked
at
him
and
said
calmly(calm)，“I
don't
believe
you.”
7．He
has
got
a
powerful(power)
position
in
the
government.
8．The
medicine
is
effective(effect)
to
the
patient.
9．He
formed
a
habit
of
summarizing(summary)
what
he
had
learned.
10．He
was
the
only
survivor(survive)
of
the
accident.
1．For
several
days，the
water
in
the
village
wells
rose
and
fell，rose
and
fell.
连续几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。
2．Hard
hills
of
rock
became
rivers
of
dirt.
坚硬的石山变成了泥土的河流。
3．But
hope
was
not
lost.
但是希望尚存。
4．The
city
began
to
breathe
again.
这座城市又开始恢复生机。
5．In
Sri
Lanka，some
1，600
kilometres
east
of
the
quake
centre，the
number
of
deaths
stood
at
2，498...
在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1
600千米处，死亡人数高达2
498人……
词语助读
①northeastern/nist?n/adj.东北部的；来自东北部的
southwestern/sawest?n/adj.西南部的；西南的
②well/wel/n.井
③rise/raIz/vi.上升；起床
④smelly/smelI/adj.有难闻气味的
⑤asleep/?slip/
adj.睡着的(为表语形容词)
fall
asleep睡着
fast/sound
asleep熟睡
⑥as
usual像通常一样
⑦shake/eIk/
v．(shook，shaken)(使)颤动，摇动
⑧come
to
an
end结束
⑨directly/d?rektlI/adv.恰好，正好地；径直；立即
conj.一……就……
directly
below/ahead正下方/正前方
⑩deadly/dedlI/adj.(deadlier，deadliest)致命的；十足的，彻底的
adv.极其，非常
?more
than超过；不仅仅；非常
no
more
than仅仅；不超过
?waterway/wt?weI/
n．水路，航道
landway/land
route陆路
air
route航路
?in
ruins严重受损；破败不堪
ruin/ruIn/n.&
vt.破坏；毁坏
?the
number
of...……的数量。后跟可数名词复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
?survivor/s?vaIv?(r)/n.幸存者；生还者
survival/s?vaIvl/n.生存；幸存；存活
?gone/
n/
adj.不复存在；用完了；(人)离开了。为形容词化的过去分词，在句中常作表语。
?blow...away把……吹走；把……驱散
?railway
track铁路轨道
track
n．轨道；(人)踩出的小道；踪迹
v．跟踪
?useless/jusl?s/
adj.没用的
[反义]useful
adj.有用的
?instead
of代替，作为……的替换(后跟名词、代词、v.?ing)
in
shock震惊；吃惊(通常作表语)
shock/k/n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克
vt.(使)震惊
fall
down倒塌；跌倒
fall
over跌倒
electricity/IlektrIs?tI/n.电；电能
dig
out挖掘出；找出，发现
trap/trp/vt.(trapped，trapped)使落入险境；使陷入圈套
n．险境；陷阱
be
trapped
in...被困在……中
bury/berI/vt.埋葬；安葬
be
buried
in...被埋于……里面；埋头于……
medical
care医疗护理
breathe/bri?/vi.&
vt.呼吸
breath/bre/n.呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气
revive/rIvaIv/vt.&
vi.复活；(使)苏醒
revival/rIvaIvl/n.振兴；复苏
on
one's
feet站着，站立
tireless/taI?l?s/adj.不知疲倦的，精力充沛的
tired
adj.疲倦的，疲劳的
effort/ef?t/n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
prove/pruv/vt.证明；证实linking
verb后来被发现是，最终显现为
in
times
of...在……时候
at
times有时
unify/junIfaI/vi.&
vt.统一；(使)成一体
unified
adj.统一的
wisdom/wIzd?m/n.智慧；才智
rebuild/ribIld/vt.重建，重组
文化采风
唐山大地震
1．地震概况
1976年7月28日03时42分53秒，中国河北省唐山丰南一带发生里氏7.8级地震，震中烈度11度、震源深度10余千米，地震持续约23秒。23秒钟后，唐山被夷为废墟。
2．抗震精神
一座城市的毁灭是可怕的，人的精神崩溃更为可怕。然而，唐山人民在灾难面前所表现出的“公而忘私，患难与共，百折不挠，勇往直前”的抗震精神，是震时及震后建设中支撑、激励、鼓舞和引导唐山人民最终战胜地震灾害、重建家园的精神力量。
3．地震影响
世界各地的科学家纷纷来到唐山，依据这个天然“实验场”进行大量研究，使人类加深了对地球的认识，在防御地震灾难方面也迈出了一大步；在唐山抗震实践中，中国诞生了“地震社会学”，为解决全球城市化进程中面临的日益严峻的灾害问题，奠定了理论基础，提供了成功的防灾减灾范例。
原文呈现
THE
NIGHT
THE
EARTH
DIDN'T
SLEEP
Strange
things
were
happening
in
the
countryside
of
northeastern①
Hebei.
For
several
days，the
water
in
the
village
wells②
rose③
and
fell，rose
and
fell.There
were
deep
cracks
that
appeared
in
the
well
walls.At
least
one
well
had
some
smelly④
gas
coming
out
of
it[1]．Chickens
and
even
pigs
were
too
nervous
to
eat[2]，and
dogs
refused
to
go
inside
buildings.Mice
ran
out
of
the
fields
looking
for
places
to
hide[3]，and
fish
jumped
out
of
the
water.At
about
3：00
a．m.,
on
28
July
1976，bright
lights
were
seen
in
the
sky
outside
the
city
of
Tangshan
and
loud
noises
were
heard.But
the
city's
one
million
people
were
asleep⑤
as
usual⑥
that
night.
[1]“coming
out
of
it”在此为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰gas。gas与come之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。
[2]此处为“too...to...”结构，表示“太……而不能……”。
[3]“looking
for
places
to
hide”在此为现在分词短语作伴随状语，Mice与look
for之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，“寻找”与“跑”同时进行。
At
3：42
a．m.，everything
began
to
shake⑦.It
seemed
as
if
the
world
were
coming
to
an
end⑧！[4]Eleven
kilometres
directly⑨
below
the
city，one
of
the
most
deadly⑩
earthquakes
of
the
20th
century
had
begun，a
quake
that
even
caused
damage
more
than?
150
kilometres
away
in
Beijing
[5]．Nearly
one
third
of
the
whole
nation
felt
it！A
huge
crack，eight
kilometres
long
and
30
metres
wide，cut
across
houses，roads，and
waterways?.Hard
hills
of
rock
became
rivers
of
dirt.In
less
than
one
minute，a
large
city
lay
in
ruins?.Two
thirds
of
the
people
who
lived
there
were
dead
or
injured.Thousands
of
children
were
left
without
parents．[6]The
number
of?
people
who
were
killed
or
badly
injured
in
the
quake
was
more
than
400，000.
[4]本句中as
if引导表语从句，该从句使用了虚拟语气。
[5]“a
quake
that
even
caused...in
Beijing”为“one
of
the
most
deadly
earthquakes”的同位语，其中“that
even
caused...in
Beijing”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a
quake，that在从句中作主语。
[6]此处为“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构的被动形式。
Everywhere
survivors?
looked，there
was
nothing
but
ruins.[7]Nearly
everything
in
the
city
was
destroyed.About
75
percent
of
the
city's
factories
and
buildings，90
percent
of
its
homes，and
all
of
its
hospitals
were
gone?.Bricks
covered
the
ground
like
red
autumn
leaves，but
no
wind
could
blow
them
away?.Most
bridges
had
fallen
or
were
not
safe
to
cross．[8]The
railway
tracks?
were
now
useless?
pieces
of
metal.Tens
of
thousands
of
cows，hundreds
of
thousands
of
pigs，and
millions
of
chickens
were
dead.Sand
now
filled
the
wells
instead
of?
water.People
were
in
shock—and
then，later
that
afternoon，another
big
quake
shook
Tangshan
again.Even
more
buildings
fell
down.Water，food，and
electricity
were
hard
to
get.People
began
to
wonder
how
long
the
disaster
would
last[9]．
[7]“Everywhere
survivors
looked”是地点状语从句。Everywhere既是地点副词，也作连词，引导地点状语从句。主句中用了“nothing
but...”结构，but是介词，意为“除……之外”；该结构后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式，如果nothing前面有实义动词do时，后跟的动词不定式要省略to。
[8]此处是“主语＋be＋adj.(＋for
sb.)＋不定式”句型，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。下文中的“Water，food，and
electricity
were
hard
to
get”也属于此句型。
[9]how在此作连接副词，引导宾语从句，同时作状语修饰形容词long。
But
hope
was
not
lost.Soon
after
the
quakes，the
army
sent
150，000
soldiers
to
Tangshan
to
dig
out
those
who
were
trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead.[10]More
than
10，000
doctors
and
nurses
came
to
provide
medical
care.Workers
built
shelters
for
survivors
whose
homes
had
been
destroyed.Hundreds
of
thousands
of
people
were
helped.Water
and
food
were
brought
into
the
city
by
train，truck，and
plane.Slowly，the
city
began
to
breathe
again.
[10]本句中“to
dig
out...and
to
bury
the
dead”为两个并列的动词不定式作目的状语，其中who
were
trapped为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those；先行词为those且指人时，定语从句要用who引导。the
dead表示“死者”，属于“the＋adj.”结构。
Tangshan
started
to
revive
itself
and
get
back
up
on
its
feet.
With
strong
support
from
the
government
and
the
tireless
efforts
of
the
city's
people，a
new
Tangshan
was
built
upon
the
earthquake
ruins.The
new
city
has
become
a
home
to
more
than
seven
million
people，with
great
improvements
in
transportation，industry，and
environment.Tangshan
city
has
proved
to
China
and
the
rest
of
the
world
that
in
times
of
disaster，people
must
unify
and
show
the
wisdom
to
stay
positive
and
rebuild
for
a
brighter
future．[11]
[11]本句使用了“prove
to...that...”结构，that引导的宾语从句作prove的直接宾语；其中to
stay
positive为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰抽象名词wisdom。
译文参考
地球的不眠之夜
河北省东北部的乡村不断有怪事发生。连续几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。井壁上出现深深的裂缝，至少有一口井冒出难闻的气味。鸡，甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进圈舍里。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身，鱼儿跃出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，唐山市外的天空中闪现一道道亮光，伴有巨大的声响。然而，那天夜里，城里的100万居民还在像平日那样(安然地)睡着。
凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方11千米处，20世纪最致命的一场地震已经爆发了，就连150千米以外的北京也遭受了此次地震带来的伤害，全国几乎三分之一的地方均有震感！一条长8千米，宽30米的巨大裂缝横穿了房屋、道路和水路；坚硬的石山变成了泥土的河流；在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市就沦为了废墟。三分之二的居民遇难或受伤，成千上万的儿童成了孤儿。这场地震造成40多万人遇难或重伤。
幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。城市的一切几乎都被摧毁了。城市里大约75%的工厂和建筑，90%的住宅，以及所有的医院都荡然无存了。残砖犹如秋日的红叶覆盖地面，但风吹不走它们。大部分桥梁坍塌或不能安全通行，铁轨沦为废铁。上万头牛、数十万头猪和几百万只鸡也死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们都很震惊——然后，当天下午晚些时候，又一场大地震再次侵袭了唐山，更多的建筑倒塌了。水、食物和电都很难获得。人们不知道这场灾难将会持续多久。
但是希望尚存。地震后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。上万名医生和护士赶来提供医疗护理。工人们为家园被毁的幸存者建起庇护所。数十万人获得了救助。火车、卡车和飞机将水和食物运入城中。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复生机。
唐山开始复兴，重新振作起来。在政府的大力支持和人民坚持不懈的努力下，新的唐山从一片地震废墟当中屹然崛起。这座新城市容纳700多万人口，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大改善。唐山市向全中国乃至全世界证明，在灾难发生之际，人们必须团结一致，展现智慧，保持乐观，重建更光明的未来。
1速读课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及：
1．After
the
earthquake
water
was
enough
because
there
was
water
in
the
wells.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
2．The
people
in
the
city
were
shocked
and
didn't
know
how
long
the
earthquake
would
last.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．A
few
buildings
were
still
standing，but
people
were
afraid
to
use
them
as
shelters.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．The
new
Tangshan
has
more
than
seven
million
people.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．The
people
in
Tangshan
always
stay
negative
in
times
of
disaster.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 BACAB
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：
A．began
to
shake
B．lay
in
ruins
C．was
destroyed
D．rose
and
fell
E．appear
in
the
well
walls
F．was
built
upon
the
earthquake
ruins
1．The
water
in
the
village
________．
2．At
3：42
a．m.，everything
________．
3．In
less
than
one
minute，a
large
city
________．
4．Nearly
everything
in
the
city
________．
5．With
strong
support，a
new
Tangshan________
．
6．Deep
cracks________
．
[答案] 1－6
DABCFE
Ⅲ.表格填空
Tangshan
Earthquake
Before
the
earthquake
·The
water
in
the
village
wells
1.rose
and
fell
again
and
again.The
well
walls
had
deep
cracks
in
them，of
2.which
some
smelly
gas
came
out.·Animals
like
chickens
and
pigs
became
too
3.nervous
to
eat.
During
the
earthquake
At
3：42
a．m.，everything
began
to
4.shake.A
huge
crack
with
eight
kilome?tres
long
and
thirty
metres
wide
cut
5.across
houses，roads，and
waterways.And
hard
hills
of
rock
became
rivers
of
dirt.
Damagesof
the
earthquake
Over
400，000
people
were
killed
or
badly
6.injured
in
the
earthquake.And
nearly
everything
was
7.destroyed.
The
helpfrom
thewhole
nation
The
army
sent
150，000
soldiers
to
Tangshan
to
dig
out
those
who
were
8.trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead.More
than
10，000
doctors
and
nurses
came
to
provide
medical
care.Workers
built
9.shelters
for
survivors
whose
homes
had
been
destroyed.
The
greatsuccesspeople
have
achieved
The
new
city
has
become
a
home
10.to
more
than
seven
million
people，with
great
improvements
in
transportation，industry，and
environment.
细读课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
段落
主旨大意
1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.34.Para.45.Para.5
A.The
earthquake
caused
unbelievable
destruction
to
Tangshan.B.The
earthquake
happened
and
caused
deaths
or
injuries
in
Tangshan.C.Help
came
soon
after
the
quakes.D.Strange
things
happened，but
no
one
paid
attention
to
them.E.Tangshan
came
back
to
life
again.
[答案] 1－5 DBACE
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．What's
the
main
idea
of
the
text?
A．A
terrible
earthquake
of
Tangshan.
B．Before
the
earthquake
of
Tangshan.
C．During
the
earthquake
of
Tangshan.
D．Damages
of
the
earthquake
of
Tangshan.
2．The
last
sentence
in
Paragraph
1
implies
that
．
A．the
survivors
didn't
think
too
much
of
the
earthquake
B．the
survivors
were
made
to
lose
their
sense
by
the
sudden
big
earthquake
C．the
survivors
didn't
realize
that
a
terrible
earthquake
happened
in
such
a
short
time
D．the
survivors
didn't
think
an
earthquake
could
bring
such
great
damage
3．What
is
the
number
of
people
who
were
killed
or
injured
during
the
earthquake?
A．400，000
B．150，000
C．10，000
D．50，000
4．The
title“
The
night
the
earth
didn't
sleep”
means
．
A．the
earth
was
awake
all
night
long
B．people
on
the
earth
couldn't
fall
asleep
that
night
C．the
earth
shook
like
crazy
that
night
D．animals
on
the
earth
would
not
sleep
that
night
5．What
does
the
sentence“Slowly，the
city
began
to
breathe
again.”mean?
A．The
life
in
Tangshan
began
to
return
to
normal.
B．The
army
sent
150，000
soldiers
to
Tangshan
to
help
people.
C．Hundreds
of
thousands
of
people
were
helped.
D．Most
of
the
10，000
miners
were
rescued.
[答案] 1－5 ACACA
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能——同义替换
1．In
order
to
keep
our
health，we
should
take
more
healthy
food
into
consideration.
in
order
to：to
take...
into
consideration：consider．
2．Jan
knows
exactly
what
he
wants
in
life.
want：desire
3．The
way
he
talked
about
to
solve
the
problem
was
difficult
to
understand.
way：method/approach
4．This
can
lead
to
bodily
weakness.
lead
to：contribute
to/result
in/bring
about
5．This
is
a
time?honoured
custom.
custom：tradition
41．survive
vi.生存；存活
vt.幸存；艰难度过→survivor
n．幸存者；生还者→survival
n．幸存
2．dead
adj.无生命的→die
vi.死；死亡→death
n．死；死亡
3．shock
n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→shocking
adj.令人震惊的→shocked
adj.感到震惊的
4．breath
n．呼吸→breathe
vi.&vt.呼吸
5．revive
vt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revival
n．振兴；复苏
6．unify
vi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体→unite
vi.&vt.团结
7．suffer
vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering
n．折磨；苦难
1．affect
vt.影响；深深打动；(疾病)侵袭
①From
the
experience
I
learned
a
lot
about
how
the
attitude
of
the
leader
can
affect
the
members
of
a
team.影响
②She
was
deeply
affected
by
the
sad
story.深深打动
③Influenza(流感)
can
affect
anybody
in
any
age
group.侵袭
2．shelter
n．避难处；居所；庇护
vt.保护；掩蔽
vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
①Trees
shelter
the
house
from
the
wind.保护
②We
sat
in
the
shade
，sheltering
from
the
sun.躲避
③He
lives
in
the
shelters
set
up
by
the
government.避难所
Words
And
Phrases
rescue
n．&vt.救援；营救
(教材P48)What
are
the
rescue
workers
and
soldiers
doing
in
the
flood?hit
area?
救援人员和士兵在洪水灾区做什么?
[例1] The
police
came
to
his
rescue
and
sent
him
home.
警察救了他，并把他送回了家。
[例2] A
large
number
of
soldiers
were
sent
there
to
rescue
those
trapped
in
the
building.
大批士兵被派往那里营救被困在大楼里的人。
[造句]汤姆在回家的路上从河里救了一个男孩。
Tom
rescued
a
boy
from
the
river
on
his
way
home.
[知识拓展]
(1)rescue
sb./sth.from...
把……从……营救出来
(2)come
to
one's
rescue
来营救某人
a
rescue
team
救援队
[即学即练]
完成句子
①All
the
people
nearby
came
to
her
rescue
when
hearing
her
cry
for
help.
附近的人们听到她的呼救声都来营救她。
②A
rescue
team
is
trying
to
reach
the
trapped
miners.
救援队正设法到达矿工被困的位置。
③The
mother，along
with
her
two
children，was
rescued
from
the
sinking
boat
by
a
passing
ship.
那位母亲和她的两个孩子，被经过的轮船从正在下沉的小船上救起来了。
[小片段理解]
As
soon
as
the
accident
happened，the
rescue
team
came
to
the
victims'
rescue，and
they
didn't
give
up
any
hope
of
rescuing
them
from
danger.
damage
vt.损害；破坏
n．损坏；损失
(教材P48)Which
buildings
were
damaged
in
Seoul?
首尔哪些建筑被毁?
[例1] Eating
too
much
meat
one
time
will
cause
damage
to
your
stomach.
一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。
[例2] As
we
all
know，smoking
can
do/cause
damage
to
our
health.(damage
n．)
＝It
is
well
known
that
smoking
can
damage
our
health.(damage
vt.)
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
[造句]庄稼在这场风暴中受损严重。
The
crops
were
badly
damaged
by
the
storm.
[知识拓展]
(1)do/cause
damage
to
给……带来/造成毁坏
(2)be
badly
damaged
遭受严重损害
damage
one's
health
损害某人的健康
[即学即练]
完成句子
①It
caused/did
damage
to
the
income
of
the
local
farmers.
它给当地农民的收入造成了损失。
②They
managed
to
repair
the
houses
that
were
badly
damaged．
他们尽力修复严重受损的房屋。
③The
earthquake
caused/did
damage
to
property(财产)
about
$6
billion.
地震造成的财产损失大约有60亿。
ruin
n．&
vt.破坏；毁坏
(教材P50)In
less
than
one
minute，a
large
city
lay
in
ruins.
在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市就沦为了废墟。
[例1] That
mistake
ruined
his
chance
of
getting
the
job.那个错误使他失去了得到那份工作的机会。
[例2] The
ancient
temple
has
fallen
into
ruins
and
needs
repairing.
这座古老的庙宇已经破败不堪，需要修理。
[造句]这个国家的经济崩溃了。
The
country's
economy
was
in
ruins.
[知识拓展]
(1)be/lie
in
ruins
成为废墟；毁灭
fall
into
ruin
成为废墟；毁灭
(2)ruin
one's
hope/chance
使某人的希望破灭/机会失去
ruin
oneself
自我毁灭
[即学即练]
完成句子
①Years
of
fighting
left
the
area
in
ruins．
连年的战争使这一地区破败不堪。
②His
good
fame
fell
into
ruin
because
of
his
rudeness.
他因为粗鲁而人设崩塌。
③The
bad
weather
ruined
our
trip．
恶劣的天气破坏了我们的旅程。
shock
n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克
vt.(使)震惊
(教材P50)People
were
in
shock—and
then，later
that
afternoon，another
big
quake
shook
Tangshan
again.
人们都很震惊——然后，当天下午晚些时候，又一场大地震再次侵袭了唐山。
[例1] It
was
quite
a
shock
to
see
my
face
on
that
screen!
从那个屏幕上看到我的脸，真让人惊愕不已！
[例2] I
know
this
may
come
as
a
shock
to
you.
我知道这可能让你们很震惊。
[造句]这些女孩儿震惊了。
The
girls
were
in
shock.
[知识拓展]
(1)in
shock
震惊；吃惊
be
a
shock
to...
使……吃惊
(2)shocked
adj.
震惊的；惊讶的
be
shocked
at/by
对……吃惊
be
shocked
to
do
sth.
做某事很吃惊
(3)shocking
adj.
令人震惊的
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①It
is
shocking(shock)
that
students
can't
spell
these
words.
②Everyone
in
the
street
was
shocked(shock)
when
they
heard
the
news.
③We
were
all
shocked
at
the
news
of
his
death.
④It
was
quite
a
shock
to
see
my
face
on
that
screen.
⑤There
was
blood
everywhere，and
the
woman
was
embarrassed
and
clearly
in
shock.
[小片断理解]
We
were
all
shocked
at
the
shocking
news
that
he
was
still
in
a
state
of
shock
after
the
accident.However，when
he
finally
came
to
himself
he
looked
at
us
in
shock，knowing
nothing
about
the
accident.
(教材P50)Soon
after
the
quakes，the
army
sent
150，000
soldiers
to
Tangshan
to
dig
out
those
who
were
trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead.
地震后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
(1)trap
vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套
n．险境；陷阱
[例1] If
you
choose
this
way，you're
likely
to
fall
into
a
trap.如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会陷入圈套。
[例2] There
was
a
power
failure；they
were
trapped
in
the
lift.停电了，他们被困在电梯里。
[造句]警察设下了圈套来捉拿窃贼。
The
police
set
a
trap
to
catch
the
thief.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
trapped
使陷入困境
trap
sb.into(doing)sth.
诱骗某人做某事
(2)set
a
trap
设置陷阱；布下圈套
fall/walk
into
a
trap
落入圈套
[即学即练]
完成句子
①They
have
been
trapped(被困)here
for
three
days.
②That
big
boy
always
traps
other
children
into
doing
things(哄骗其他孩子做事)for
him.
翻译句子
③The
team
were
trapped
in
the
burning
building
and
they
were
eager
to
wait
for
rescue.
队员们被困在燃烧的大楼中，焦急地等待救援。
[小片段填空]
The
hunter
set
a
trap
and
the
rabbit
was
trapped
in
it.(trap)
(2)bury
vt.埋藏；掩埋；隐藏
[例1] She
buried
her
face
in
her
hands
and
wept
when
she
heard
the
bad
news.
当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。
[例2] In
the
past
three
weeks，we
have
been
burying
ourselves
in
study
because
the
exam
is
drawing
near.
在过去的三个星期里，
我们专心的学习，
因为考试即将到来。
[造句]自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。
Ever
since
he
moved
there，he
has
been
buried
in
his
research
work.
[知识拓展]
(1)bury...in...
把……埋到……里；使……沉浸于……
bury
one's
face
in
hands
双手掩面
(2)be
buried
in
埋头于；专心于；沉浸于
bury
oneself
in
埋头于；专心于；沉浸于
[即学即练]
一句多译
他专心致志地学习。
①
He
buries/buried
himself
in
his
study.(bury
oneself)
②
He
is/was
buried
in
his
study.(be
buried
in)
由于埋头读书，他不知道外面下雨了。
③
Burying
himself
in
the
book，he
didn't
know
it
was
raining
outside.(使用现在分词burying作状语)
④
Buried
in
the
book，he
didn't
know
it
was
raining
outside.(使用过去分词buried作状语)
effort
n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
(教材P50)With
strong
support
from
the
government
and
the
tireless
efforts
of
the
city's
people，a
new
Tangshan
was
built
upon
the
earthquake
ruins.
在政府的大力支持和人民的不懈努力下，新的唐山从一片地震废墟当中屹然崛起。
[例1] As
far
as
I'm
concerned，you
should
make
a
greater
effort
to
study
hard.
依我看来，
你应该更加努力学习。
[例2] If
I
am
lucky
enough
to
be
given
such
a
good
chance，I
will
spare
no
effort
to
finish
the
task.
如果我足够幸运被给予这样一个好机会，我将不遗余力地完成这项任务。
[造句]我的确相信你的努力迟早会有所回报。
I
do
believe
that
all
your
efforts
will
pay
off
sooner
or
later.
[知识拓展]
spare
no
effort
to
do
sth. 不遗余力做某事
努力做某事
[即学即练]
一句多译
我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
①We'll
make
every
effort
to
help
you，but
you
must
get
prepared
to
meet
all
kinds
of
difficulties.
②We'll
spare
no
effort
to
help
you，but
you
must
get
prepared
to
meet
all
kinds
of
difficulties.
③We'll
make
great
efforts
to
help
you，but
you
must
get
prepared
to
meet
all
kinds
of
difficulties.
suffer
vt.遭受；蒙受
vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
(教材P51)What
kind
of
help
do
you
think
people
who
have
suffered
an
earthquake
need?
你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助?
[例1] As
far
as
I
know，he
has
ever
suffered
from
a
serious
illness.
据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。
[例2] He
suffered
great
pains
as
a
result
of
the
accident.由于那次事故，他遭受了很大痛苦。
[造句]尽管遇到许多困难，他从不屈服。
Even
if
he
suffered
from
a
lot
of
difficulties，he
never
gave
in.
[知识拓展]
(1)suffer
from
患……病；因……而受苦
suffer
from
cold
and
hunger
忍饥挨冻
(2)suffering
n.
苦难；痛苦
sufferer
n.
受难者
[明辨异同] suffer
from/suffer
suffer
from
表示“遭受战争、自然灾害所带来的苦难”及“患病”，后跟a
war，the
flood，cough，headache，flu等
suffer
其宾语通常是表示损失、失败、痛苦等抽象意义的词，如pain，loss，punishment，disappointment等
[即学即练]
用suffer，suffer
from填空
①I'm
suffering
from
a
real
lack
of
time
this
week.
②They
suffered
huge
losses
in
the
financial
crisis.
完成句子
③Fortunately
he
suffered
no
pain．
幸好他没感到疼痛。
④He
suffered
from
all
kinds
of
diseases
in
those
years.
那些年他身患各种各样的病。
[小片断理解]
We
all
want
to
do
something
to
help
those
sufferers
out
of
their
sufferings.
Sentence
Patterns
too...to...太……不……
(教材P50)Chickens
and
even
pigs
were
too
nervous
to
eat，and
dogs
refused
to
go
inside
buildings.
鸡，甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进圈舍里。
[句式分析]
本句是一个并列句。在第一个分句中，句子的主语是Chickens
and
even
pigs，动词不定式短语to
eat作结果状语。too...to
do
sth.意为“太……以致不……”，too后接形容词或副词，to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形，动词不定式表示否定意义。
[例1] I
was
too
young
to
understand
the
meaning
of
the
film.
＝I
was
so
young
that
I
can't
understand
the
meaning
of
the
film.
我太年幼，
不理解这部电影的含义。
[例2] The
problem
is
too
difficult
for
me
to
settle.
＝The
problem
is
so
difficult
that
I
can't
settle
it.
这个问题太难了，
我解决不了。
[造句]那个人太累了，走不动了。
The
man
was
too
tired
to
go
any
farther.
[知识拓展]
(1)too
＋
adj./
adv.(for
sb.)
to
do
sth....意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义；
(2)too...to...结构表示肯定意义的情况：
①当too之后跟的是表示主语的态度、情感、心情或倾向的词，如glad，eager，anxious，happy，ready，nervous，pleased等时；
②当“too...to...”结构中含有not或never等否定词时；
③当too前有only，just，simply，all，but等词时。
[即学即练]
同义句转换
①The
house
is
not
cheap
enough
for
me
to
buy.
→The
house
is
too
expensive
for
me
to
buy．
→The
house
is
so
expensive
that
I
can't
buy．
②Hearing
the
news，the
teacher
was
so
happy.
→The
teacher
was
too
happy
to
hear
the
news.
完成句子
③He
is
too
clever
not
to
understand
this．
他太聪明，不会不明白这一点。
④We
are
too
ready
to
help
you．
我们很乐意帮助你。
as
if/as
though仿佛；好像
(教材P50)It
seemed
as
if
the
world
were
coming
to
an
end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！
[句式分析]
It
seemed
as
if...这是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句。
as
if＝as
though意为“仿佛；好像”，引导的从句，常放在be，look，seem，sound，smell，feel等系动词之后作表语。
[例1] Look
at
the
clouds
in
the
sky！It
looks
as
if
it
is
going
to
rain.
看看天上的乌云！看起来将要下雨。
[例2] Hurry
up！It
looks
as
if
the
train
is
going
to
move.
快点！看起来火车要开了。
[造句]他大声地唱着、笑着，好像他是这世界上仅有的人。
He
sang
and
laughed
loudly
as
if
he
were
the
only
person
in
the
world.
[知识拓展]
(1)as
if从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的；
(2)as
if从句用虚拟语气：
①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)；
②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)；
③从句用would/could/might
do形式(与将来的事实相反)。
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①He
treats
me
as
if
I
were(be)his
own
daughter.
②They
talked
as
if/though
they
had
been(be)
friends
for
years.
完成句子
③It
seems
as
if
the
noise
comes
from
downstairs．
噪声似乎是从楼下传来的。
④He
talks
about
Rome
as
if
he
had
been
there
before.
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反)
⑤It
seems
as
if
our
team
is
going
to
win．
看来我们队要胜了。
1．Eleven
kilometres
directly
below
the
city，one
of
the
most
deadly
earthquakes
of
the
20th
century
had
begun，a
quake
that
even
caused
damage
more
than
150
kilometres
away
in
Beijing.
[分析] 本句主句为：one
of
the
most
deadly
earthquakes
of
the
20th
century
had
begun，that
even
caused
damage
more
than
150
kilometres
away
in
Beijing为定语从句修饰先行词a
quake，a
quake
与one
of
the
most
deadly
earthquakes
of
the
20th
century是同位语。
[译文] 在城市正下方11公里处，20世纪最致命的一场地震已经爆发了，就连150千米以外的北京也遭受了此次地震带来的伤害。
2．The
number
of
people
who
were
killed
or
badly
injured
in
the
quake
was
more
than
400，000.
[分析] 本句为主从复合句。此句的主干为The
number
of
people
was
more
than
400，000。who
were
killed
or
badly
injured
in
the
quake为限制性定语从句，修饰people。
[译文] 这场地震造成40多万人遇难或重伤。
3．Soon
after
the
quakes，the
army
sent
150，000
soldiers
to
Tangshan
to
dig
out
those
who
were
trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead.
[分析] 本句主句为：the
army
sent
150，000
soldiers
to
Tangshan;
to
dig
out...
and
to
bury
the
dead为动词不定式作目的状语；who
were
trapped
为定语从句修饰先行词those。
[译文] 地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
教材
高考
2，400
homes
destroyed
...that
could
save
kids'
teeth，instead
of
destroying
them.(2019·北京卷)
82
killed，500，000
affected
These
actions
have
greatly
affected
the
ecological
balance.
(2019·天津卷)
With
strong
support
from
the
government
and
the
tireless
efforts
of
the
city's
people，a
new
Tangshan
was
built
upon
the
earthquake
ruins.
You
should
praise
his
effort
regardless
of
whether
his
team
wins
or
loses.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Slowly，the
city
began
to
breathe
again.
Still，most
of
us
volunteers
breathe
a
sigh
of
relief
when
the
season
comes
to
a
close.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．This
is
one
of
the
worst
natural
disasters
(disaster)
ever
to
hit
the
area.
2．The
old
man
went
through
a
lot
of
sufferings(suffer)
in
the
old
days.
3．A
rescue
worker
rescued
two
tourists
who
had
been
trapped(trap)in
the
mountain
for
two
days.
4．The
earthquake
was
so
big
that
most
of
the
houses
in
the
small
village
were
completely
destroyed
(destroy)．
5．The
firefighters
came
here
right
away
to
rescue
(rescue)
those
trapped
in
the
burning
building.
6．Two
days
later，the
fighting
between
the
two
countries
left
the
area
in
ruins
(ruin)．
7．All
the
listeners
were
greatly
shocked
(shock)
when
they
heard
the
terrible
news
on
radio.
8．Buried
(bury)
under
the
ruins，the
little
girl
was
rather
frightened.
9．He
damaged(damage)
a
car
with
a
baseball
bat
last
night.
10．Their
work
and
study
are
affected(affect)
seriously.
Ⅱ.短语填空
think
of,
as
if，look
up,
as
usual,
suffer
from，in
ruins,
set
up，dig
out，in
shock，go
through
1．Let's
think
of
some
questions
about
life.
2．They
set
up
schools，factories
and
hospitals
in
this
poor
area.
3．We
all
know
that
we
can't
live
as
usual
without
good
health.
4．If
you
can't
keep
healthy，you
will
often
suffer
from
your
weak
body.
5．She
went
through
many
things
and
suffered
a
lot
at
an
early
age.
6．After
the
big
fire，the
main
building
of
the
church
was
in
ruins．
7．He
suddenly
rushed
out，leaving
all
the
people
in
the
room
in
shock．
8．I
often
look
up
the
new
words
while
I
read
and
I
can't
understand
the
sentence.
9．The
press
watchdogs(狗仔队)
spare
no
effort
to
dig
out
the
secrets
of
those
famous
people.
10．He
talks
with
a
stranger
as
if
they
were
good
friends.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Several
days
before
July
28，1976，many
strange
things
happened
in
Tangshan.They
were
1.signs(sign)for
an
earthquake.But
people
2.who
lived
there
didn't
think
much
of
that.At
3：42
a．m.
that
day，the
earth
began
3.to
shake(shake)，which
destroyed
almost
all
the
city
in
fifteen
terrible
seconds.Many
people，4.including(include)
rescue
workers
and
doctors，came
5.to
rescue(rescue)those
6.who
were
trapped
under
the
ruins.Later
that
afternoon，another
big
earthquake
hit
the
city.More
people
were
killed
or
injured
and
more
buildings
fell
7.down.Very
soon
the
army
sent
a
lot
of
soldiers
to
help，and
teams
8.were
organised(organise)to
dig
out
the
trapped
and
to
bury
the
dead.By
and
by
things
improved
and
the
city
began
to
9.breathe(breath)
again.With
strong
support
from
the
government
and
the
tireless
efforts
of
the
city's
people，a
new
Tangshan
10.was
built(build)
upon
the
earthquake
ruins.
1课时分层作业(十四)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．To
help
students
deal
with
their
mental
problems,
we
will
hold
a
lecture
delivered(deliver)
by
a
professor
from
the
UK.
2．What's
more，it
is
another
effective
(effect)
way
to
deal
with
the
problem.
3．We
will
have
some
experts
on
hand
to
give
you
any
help
you
need
at
all
times.
4．As
you
know，we
will
admire
the
moon
in
the
open
air，enjoying
the
delicious
mooncakes
on
the
Mid?Autumn
Day.
5．The
area
used
to
be
struck
by
sandstorms.
6．The
dustman
swept
(sweep)
up
all
the
fallen
leaves
on
this
street
yesterday.
7．The
length
(long)
of
the
article
should
be
about
800
words.
8．I
was
having
(have)
a
discussion
with
my
friend
about
how
to
improve
my
English
when
my
mother
called
me.
9．A
SUV
went
out
of
control
and
crashed(crash)
into
the
back
of
a
truck.
10．It
is
not
always
easy
to
tell
whether
you
are
faced
with
a
real
emergency(emergent)．
Ⅱ.完形填空
The
earthquake
was
over
and
the
city
was
in
ruins.
I
had
no
choice
but
to
walk
home
as
all
the
1
had
stopped
as
a
result
of
the
quake.On
my
way
home
I
2
an
old
lady
at
a
bakery
shop
giving
out
free
bread，which
made
my
heart
3
．A
man
was
holding
a
sign
saying，“Please
use
our
house.”He
was
4
his
house
for
people
to
go
to
the
restroom.
My
friend，
5
wanted
to
be
of
help
to
others，stood
in
the
cold
with
a
sign
“If
you
don't
6
a
motorcycle，I'll
be
glad
to
drive
you
home.”
And
then
I
saw
him
pick
up
an
old
man
and
drive
him
all
the
way
to
a
faraway
place!
Then
next
day
I
drove
to
have
my
car
filled
up.There
was
not
enough
7
now
and
many
gas
stations
were
either
closed
or
have
very
8
lines.I
got
worried，since
I
was
9
fifteen
cars.Finally，when
my
turn
came，the
man
smiled
and
said，“Because
of
this
situation，we
are
only
giving
$
30
worth
gas
per
person.Is
that
alright?”“
10
．It's
nice
that
we
are
all
able
to
11
，”
I
said.His
smile
gave
me
so
much
comfort.
At
the
escape
center
I
saw
a
man
12
when
people
brought
food
to
him.It
was
the
first
time
in
three
days
that
food
had
been
brought
to
their
center.However，after
he
cleaned
up
the
tears，his
next
13
surprised
me.“I
am
very
graceful
that
we
are
provided
with
food.But
people
in
the
city
next
to
us
haven't
14
any
food
at
all.Please
go
to
that
center
as
well.”
Hearing
that，I
realized
there
was
a
bright
future
on
the
other
side
of
this
15
．
【语篇解读】 作者所生活的城市遭遇了地震。很多人的无私援助让作者感到温暖；而一些难民的举动也让作者感到这个城市会有光明的未来。
1．A.life
B．business
C．rescue
D．traffic
D [根据上下文可知，地震使得交通瘫痪，作者只能步行回家。traffic交通，故选D。]
2．A.noticed
B．missed
C．ignored
D．caught
A [作者在回家的路上注意到了一位老太太在给大家分发免费面包。notice注意到，故选A。]
3．A.kind
B．broken
C．warm
D．empty
C [一位老太太在给大家分发免费面包的场景使得作者内心感到温暖。warm温暖的，故选C。]
4．A.opening
B．selling
C．repairing
D．building
A [此处指那个人打开自己的房屋给人们提供方便。open打开，故选A。]
5．A.who
B．whom
C．which
D．he
A [本句是定语从句，先行词是my
friend，引导词在定语从句中作主语。故选A。]
6．A.buy
B．care
C．matter
D．mind
D [在寒冷的天气里乘坐摩托车是很冷的。
所以此句句意为“如果您不介意乘坐摩托车的话，我会非常高兴把您送回家”。mind介意，故选D。]
7．A.gas
B．information
C．food
D．water
A [根据后面的“many
gas
stations
were
either
closed...I
got
worried”可知，很多加油站没有足够的汽油了。gas汽油，故选A。]
8．A.direct
B．fine
C．long
D．thin
C [根据上下文可知，等待给车加油的人很多，排着长长的队。long长的，故选C。]
9．A.behind
B．between
C．among
D．beneath
A [此处指“我”排在15辆汽车之后，所以担心会没有汽油。behind在……后面，故选A。]
10．A.Not
at
all
B．Of
course
C．No
way
D．Never
mind
B [根据作者说的话可知，作者同意加油站人员的做法。of
course当然，故选B。]
11．A.share
B．offer
C．learn
D．choose
A [每个人只可以加30美元的汽油，所以大家都可以分享一些，而不至于有些司机不能够加油。share分享，故选A。]
12．A.crying
B．eating
C．smiling
D．singing
A [根据后面的“However，after
he
cleaned
up
the
tears”可知，那个人感动得哭了。故选A。]
13．A.ways
B．roles
C．words
D．promises
C [后面的内容是那个人说的话。word话语，故选C。]
14．A.bought
B．wasted
C．prepared
D．received
D [句意：但是，紧挨着我们的城市的人们还没有收到任何食物。receive接收，收到，故选D。]
15．A.disaster
B．chance
C．city
D．center
C [那个人的话语让作者感到这个城市会有光明的未来。故选C。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
It
was
the
dream
of
an
eleven?year?old
boy
in
Kansas
City
to
be
an
engine
driver.Born
without
arms,
he
had
been
sent
to
special
schools
1.
he
learned
to
use
his
2.
(foot)
as“hands”．He
spent
all
his
spare
time
3.
(watch)
trains
and
one
day
his
dream
came
4.
(truth)．Seeing
a
deserted(废弃的)
engine，the
boy
climbed
in，he
had
no
5.
(difficult)
in
starting
it
up
with
his
feet.Soon
he
was
travelling
along
6.
forty
miles
an
hour.Signalmen
could
not
see
the
young
driver，so
they
set
out
7.
(stop)the
train.Meanwhile
the
boy
reached
Missouri，stopped
the
engine
himself，and
then
8.
(make)
it
go
backwards.When
he
was
near
home，a
railwayman
caught
up
with
the
engine
and
stopped
it.At
first，he
was
very
angry，but
he
smiled
when
the
boy
said
9.
(simple),
“I
like
trains.”“Well，I'm
glad
you
don't
like
planes！”answered
10.
railwayman.
【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。堪萨斯城一个11岁男孩的志向是成为一名火车司机。他天生没有胳膊，被送进特殊学校，学会了用脚当“手”。他把所有的业余时间都花在看火车上，有一天他的梦想成真了。看到一辆废弃的火车头，男孩爬了进去，他毫不费力地用脚启动了它。
1．where [先行词是special
schools，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应使用表地点的关系副词引导。]
2．feet [根据空后as“hands”及下文with
his
feet可知，此处应使用名词复数。]
3．watching [spend
time(in)
doing
sth.是固定搭配，意为花费时间做某事。]
4．true [come
true是固定短语，意为实现。]
5．difficulty [have
difficulty(in)
doing
sth.是固定搭配，意为做某事有困难。此处应使用名词difficulty，意为做某事没有困难。]
6．at [表示速度用at，at
forty
miles
an
hour“以每小时40英里的速度”。]
7．to
stop [set
out
to
do
sth.是固定搭配，意为着手做某事。]
8．made [根据前面并列的两个谓语reached和stopped可知，第三个谓语用过去式。]
9．simply [此处修饰动词said，应使用副词形式。]
10．the [第二次提到这个铁路职工，用定冠词the。]
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