速读课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确还是错误，还是没有提及：
1．Chinese
ancient
civilisation
continues
into
the
modern
age.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
2．We
can
see
all
the
ancient
symbols
in
today's
hanzi.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．These
symbols
developed
into
different
forms
from
Shang
Dynasty
to
now.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．The
writing
system
formed
in
Shang
Dynasty
plays
an
important
role
in
uniting
the
Chinese
people
and
culture.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．Chinese
calligraphy
started
in
Qin
Dynasty.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 ABBAC
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：
A．which
has
continued
all
the
way
through
into
modern
times
B．by
which
China's
present
is
connected
with
its
past
C．on
which
symbols
were
carved
by
ancient
Chinese
people
D．which
was
written
by
Chinese
in
ancient
times
E．when
people
were
divided
geographically
F．where
the
Chinese
writing
system
began
to
develop
in
one
direction
1．China
is
widely
known
for
its
ancient
civilisation
，despite
the
many
ups
and
downs
in
its
history.
2．Written
Chinese
dates
back
to
the
use
of
longgu
．
3．Over
the
years，the
writing
system
developed
into
different
forms，as
it
was
a
time
．
4．Emperor
Qinshihuang
united
the
seven
states
into
one
unified
country
．
5．Written
Chinese
has
also
become
an
important
means
．
6．People
in
modern
times
can
read
the
classic
works
．
[答案] 1－6 ACEFBD
Ⅲ.表格填空
The
Chineseritingsystem：connectingthe
past
and
the
present
The
introductionof
Chinesecivilisation
Despite
the
many
1.ups
and
downs
in
its
history，China
is
widely
known
for
its
ancient
civilisation.One
of
the
main
2.factors
has
been
the
Chinese
writing
system.
The
period
of
longgu
Written
Chinese
was
a
3.picture?based
language.
The
Shang
Dynasty
Over
the
years，the
system
developed
into
different
forms
as
it
was
a
time
4.when
people
were
divided
geographically,
5.leading
to
many
varieties
of
dialects
and
characters.
The
Qin
Dynasty
The
Chinese
writing
system
began
to
develop
6.in
one
direction
and
it
was
7.of
great
importance
in
uniting
the
Chinese
people
and
culture.
The
Chinesewritingsystem：connectingthe
pastand
thepresent
Today
The
high
regard
for
the
Chinese
writing
system
can
be
seen
8.in
the
development
of
Chinese
characters
as
9.an
art
form，known
as
Chinese
calligraphy，which
has
become
an
important
part
of
Chinese
culture.Today，the
Chinese
writing
system
is
still
an
important
part
of
10.Chinese
culture.
细读课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
段落
主旨大意
1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.34.Para.45.Para.56.Para.6
A.At
the
beginning，written
Chinese
was
a
picture?based
language.B.The
Chinese
writing
system
has
a
great
effect
on
the
ancient
civilisation
of
China.C.The
Chinese
writing
system
developed
into
different
forms.D.Chinese
calligraphy
has
become
an
important
part
of
Chinese
culture.E.The
Chinese
writing
system
began
to
develop
in
one
direction.F.The
Chinese
writing
system
is
still
an
important
part
of
Chinese
culture
in
modern
times.
[答案] 1－6 BACEDF
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．What
is
the
text
mainly
about?
A．The
development
of
Chinese
writing
system.
B．The
effect
of
Chinese
writing
system.
C．The
important
role
of
Chinese
writing
system.
D．The
development
and
effect
of
Chinese
writing
system.
2．What
do
you
think
is
one
of
the
main
factors
that
has
helped
the
Chinese
language
and
culture
survive?
A．Chinese
writing
system.
B．Chinese
wisdom.
C．Chinese
hard
work.
D．Chinese
spoken
language.
3．What
is
China
widely
known
for?
A．The
many
ups
and
downs
in
its
history.
B．The
Chinese
writing
system.
C．Its
modern
civilisation.
D．Its
ancient
civilisation.
4．Why
did
the
Chinese
writing
system
begin
to
develop
in
one
direction?
A．People
wanted
to
live
in
peace.
B．Emperor
Qinshihuang
united
the
seven
major
states
into
one
unified
country.
C．People
were
willing
to
communicate
in
a
language.
D．People
were
divided
geographically.
5．What
does
foreigners
appreciate
the
China's
culture
and
history?
A．Classic
works.
B．Music.
C．The
Chinese
language.
D．A
picture?based
language.
[答案] 1－5 DADBC
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能——巧妙使用衔接词
1．He
can
not
only
accompany
you，prevent
you
from
feeling
lonely
but
also
share
the
travel
cost
with
you.Having
a
travel
mate
means
meeting
a
new
friend.
?两句中可添加：what's
more/moreover/apart
from
this/furthermore
2．The
graduates
themselves
are
responsible
for
the
situation.The
government
should
be
responsible
for
it
too.
?Not
only
are
the
graduates
themselves
responsible
for
the
situation，but
also
the
government
should.
3．Firstly，the
technology
of...Secondly，people's
income
has...Thirdly，mobile
phones
are....
1阅读Reading
2中的材料，选出最佳选项。
1．What
is
Liu
Wen's
biggest
problem
of
learning
English?
A．Speaking.
B．Listening.
C．Reading.
D．Writing.
2．To
get
used
to
how
fast
native
speakers
talk,
Jia
Xin
does
except
．
A．listening
to
English
radio
programmes
B．repeating
what
she
hears
C．recording
her
voice
D．asking
the
radio
host
for
help
3．What
does
the
word
“bridge”
in
the
sentence“...，so
I
only
need
a
few
words
to
bridge
the
gap
between
us.”mean?
A．消除，填补
B．架桥
C．桥梁
D．减少
[答案] 1－3 BDA
Words
And
Phrases
struggle
n．&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
(教材P64)When
I
started
studying
German，it
was
a
struggle.
当我开始学习德语时，这是一场战斗。
[例1] We
have
to
struggle
with/against
all
kinds
of
difficulties
from
home
and
abroad.
我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。
[例2] Workers
are
struggling
for
a
clean
canteen
and
healthy
food.
工人们正在为干净的食堂和健康的食物而奋斗。
[造句]每个人都努力过上幸福的生活。
Everyone
struggles
to
live
a
happy
life.
[知识拓展]
struggle
for
努力争取……；为……而斗争
struggle
against/with
与……作斗争
struggle
to
do
sth.
努力做某事
struggle
to
one's
feet
挣扎着站起来
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①They
struggled
all
through
the
years
against/with
the
enemy.
②The
fox
struggled
to
escape(escape)from
the
cage.
③He
struggled
to
his
feet
and
dragged
slowly
ahead.
句型转换
④Women
are
fighting
for
equal
pay
and
equal
work.
→Women
are
struggling
for
equal
pay
and
equal
work.
⑤The
wounded
soldier
rose
to
his
feet
with
difficulty.
→The
wounded
soldier
struggled
to
his
feet．
equal
n．同等的人；相等物
adj.相同的；同样的
(教材P66)．..
our
relationship
is
close
and
we're
equals，so
I
only
need
a
few
words
to
bridge
the
gap
between
us.
我们的关系很亲近，并且我们是平等的，因此我只需说几个字就能消除我们之间的距离。
[例1] With
his
last
jump
he
equalled
the
world
record.
凭借最后一跳，他扳平了世界纪录。
[例2] I
knew
it
would
help
us
achieve
our
dream
of
making
black
and
white
people
equal.
我知道，这会帮我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。
[造句]这两根绳子长短相同。
The
two
ropes
are
equal
in
length.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
equal
to
等于
be
equal
to
sth./doing
sth.
胜任(做)某事
(2)A
equals
B
in
sth.
A在某方面比得上B
(3)equally
adv.
同样地；平等地
(4)equality
n.
平等
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①He
is
not
your
equal
in
running.
②As
a
great
dancer，her
performance
is
without
equal.
③I
don't
feel
equal
to
doing(do)the
work.
④He
taught
for
20
years
and
treated
every
student
equally
(equal)．
⑤In
some
countries
black
people
do
not
have
equality(equal)with
white
people.
[小片断理解]
My
uncle
believes
that
all
men
are
born
equal.But
after
travelling
around
the
world，he
finds
that
in
some
countries，what
is
called
equality
doesn't
really
mean
equal
rights
for
all
people.
demand
n．要求；需求
vt.强烈要求；需要
vi.查问
(教材P66)But
if
I'm
talking
to
someone
who
isn't
very
close
to
me，I
must
make
my
request
longer—and
I
must
make
it
a
question，not
a
demand，e.g....
但是如果我和一个不是很亲近的人谈话，我必须使请求更长些——我必须提一个问题，而不是要求，比如……
[例1] First，science
graduates
are
in
greater
demand
than
art
ones
in
China.首先，
在中国，
对理科毕业生的需求比对文科生的更大。
[例2] The
manager
promised
that
they
would
try
to
meet
their
customers'
demands.
经理许诺他们会尽力满足顾客的需求。
[造句]经理要求工人们努力工作以便提前完成任务。
①The
manager
demanded
that
the
workers
(should)work
hard
to
finish
the
task
ahead
of
time.
＝②The
manager
demanded
the
workers
to
work
hard
to
finish
the
task
ahead
of
time.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
in
(great)
demand
(迫切)需求
meet/satisfy
one's
demands
满足某人的需求
(2)demand
to
do
sth.
要求做某事
demand
that...(should)
do...
要求……
(3)demanding
adj.
高要求的；要求严格的
[即学即练]
完成句子
①He
demands
to
know
the
truth.
他要求知道事情的真相。
②The
teacher
demanded
that
John
go
there
at
once.
老师要求约翰马上去那里。
③This
dictionary
is
in
great
demand．
这种字典很畅销。
④I
did
my
best
to
meet
his
demands．
我尽最大努力满足他的要求。
relate
vt.联系；讲述
(教材P67)Does
each
sentence
relate
to
the
main
idea?
每句话都与主旨有关吗?
[例1] He
later
related
the
whole
story
to
me.
他后来给我讲了整件事的来龙去脉。
[例2] Don't
relate
me
to
Kate；she
is
a
bright
girl.
不要把我和凯特联系起来；她是一个聪明的女孩。
[造句]你的作品一定要与我们的学校生活有关。
Your
works
must
relate
to
our
school
life.
[知识拓展]
(1)relate
sth.to
sb.
向某人讲述
relate
to
与……相关；涉及；谈到
(2)be
related
to
与……有关
(3)relation
n.
关系，
联系
in
relation
to
关于
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①I
have
a
lot
to
say
in
relation(relate)
to
that
affair.
②Education
levels
are
strongly
related
to
income.
一句多译
你应该写下与这个问题有关的所有信息。
③You
should
write
down
all
the
information
related
to
the
problem.
④You
should
write
down
all
the
information
in
relation
to
the
problem.
Sentence
Patterns
the＋比较级，the＋比较级“越……，就越……”。
(教材P64)It
was
exercise
for
the
brain；the
more
I
learnt
of
a
language，the
more
my
brain
would
grow.
这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就会开发得越多。
[句式分析]
(1)the＋比较级，
the＋比较级 越……，
就越……
(2)the
more...，the
less...
越……，
越不……
the
more...the
better...
……越多，……就越好
[例1] The
more
he
explained，the
more
confused
I
became.
他越解释我就越迷惑。
[例2] As
is
known
to
us，the
lazier
a
person
is，the
more
things
he
needs
to
do
tomorrow.
众所周知，一个人越懒，
他明天要做的事情就越多。
[造句]你越仔细，就会越少犯错误。
The
more
careful
you
are，the
fewer
mistakes
you
will
make.
[即学即练]
完成句子
①The
more
you
learn，the
more
equipped
for
life
you
are.
你学到的知识越多，你就为生活准备得越好。
②The
more
you
pay,
the
more
you
will
gain.
付出越多，收获就越多。
③The
more
you
talked，the
less
attention
he
paid
to
you.
你说得越多，他越不注意听你讲。
have
trouble
with...句式
(教材P66)I
used
to
get
high
marks
in
English，but
now
I'm
having
a
lot
of
trouble
with
my
listening.
我以前英语成绩很好，但是现在我的听力有很多问题。
[句式分析]
have
trouble
with
sth./in
doing
sth. 做某事上有困难
have
difficulty
with
sth.
在……上有困难
have
difficulty(in)doing
sth.
做某事有困难
[例1] I
hope
we
won't
have
any
trouble
with
each
other.
希望我们彼此之间不会有什么不愉快的事情。
[例2] We
have
different
dialects，so
we
have
trouble
in
understanding
each
other.
我们方言不同，因此我们彼此理解有困难。
[造句]我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。
I
had
no
difficulty
in
making
myself
understood.
[即学即练]
完成句子
①He
told
me
that
he
was
having
trouble
in
learning
English．
他告诉我他在学英语方面有困难。
②With
a
local
guide
leading
the
way，they
had
no
difficulty
walking
out
of
the
forest．
有当地向导带路，他们毫无困难地走出了森林。
③You
can't
imagine
what
trouble
I
had
solving
the
problem．
你想象不到我解决这个问题有多难。
Scan(寻读)
寻读(scan)，是指以问题为线索，带着问题去寻找某一特定信息的阅读。这一阅读技巧在寻找日期、地名、人名等具体信息时特别适用。
[例题剖析]
Stewardship
Youth
Ranger
Program
You
could
apply
to
be
a
Stewardship
Youth
Ranger
and
work
on
local
natural
resource
management
projects
for
eight
weeks
this
summer.
Who
is
eligible：Students
aged
16
or
17
at
time
of
hire，but
not
turning
18
before
December
31
this
year.
★What
is
the
age
range
required
by
Stewardship
Youth
Ranger
Program?
A．15?18.
B．15?24.
C．15?29.
D．16?17.
D [细节理解题。根据本部分中的关键信息句“Students
aged
16
or
17
at
time
of
hire，but
not
turning
18
before
December
31
this
year.”可知，这个项目的年龄要求是16岁或17岁，且在今年12月31日前不能满18岁，故选D项“16至17岁”。]
方法技巧：
①在了解全文大意和各个段落大意的前提下，快速浏览题目，画出题干主要信息。
②根据所画信息，定位到文章中的单个句子。
③理解所定位文章句子的意义，从而选出正确选项。
[即学即练]
Speakers
of
dialects
in
Britain
are
often
proud
of
them.For
this
reason，when
you
visit
an
area
with
a
dialect，particularly
when
it
is
a
place
visited
by
tourists,
gift
stores
will
sell
books
about
the
local
words.
★How
do
people
in
Britain
usually
feel
about
their
dialects?
A．They
consider
them
useless.
B．They
often
ignore
them.
C．They
are
ashamed
of
them.
D．They
take
pride
in
them.
D [细节理解题。根据本段中“Speakers
of
dialects
in
Britain
are
often
proud
of
them.”可知，英国人对他们的方言感到很自豪，故答案为D。]
1咨询博客
本单元的写作项目是写一则博客，咨询英语学习方面的问题。
[基本框架]
1．开头(beginning)提出问题
2．主体(body)询问具体问题
3．结尾(ending)表明迫切心情和感谢
[常用词块]
1．develop
one's
interest
培养某人的兴趣
2．improve
one's
reading
ability
提高某人的阅读能力
3．form
the/a
habit
of
reading
养成阅读习惯
4．enlarge/expand
one's
vocabulary扩大某人的词汇量
5．practise
one's
oral/spoken
English
练习某人的口语
6．express
oneself
in
English
fluently
用英语流利地表达自己
7．improve
writing
skills
提高写作能力
8．take
part
in
the
English
Corner参加英语角
9．have
a
good
command
of
精通……
10．have
a
good
knowledge
of
English通晓英语
11．fall
in
love
with
爱上……
12．make
great
progress
取得很大进步
[常用语句]
1．咨询问题
I
would
like
to
know
whether
you
can
provide
me
with
information
regarding...
I
wish
to
request
information
about...
2．交代自己所面临的问题
I
have
met
some
trouble
in...
I
find
it
difficult
to...
I
don't
know
how
to...
3．请求对方给出建议
Would
you
like
to...so
that...?
Would
you
mind...?
Would
you
be
so
kind
to
tell
me...?
Could
you
please...?
I
would
appreciate
it
if...
I
would
be
forever
grateful
if
you
could
send
me
information
concerning...
4．展望自己获得建议后可能会取得的进步
I'm
sure
with
your
help
I
can
make
great
progress.
I
think
I
will
surely...with
your
advice.
In
the
near
future，I
am
sure
I
can...
5．表明获取信息的急切心情
Looking
forward
to
your
immediate
response.
Your
attention
to
this
letter
would
be
highly
appreciated.
I
am
waiting
for
your
quick
reply.
Thank
you
in
advance
for
your
cooperation/assistance.
假设你叫李华，是某中学的一名高一学生，你们班同学就英语学习现状进行了讨论，发现有很多问题。请你根据下面的提示在网上写一篇咨询博客，希望得到网友的帮助。同学们发现的问题有：
1．学习没兴趣；
2．单词难记；
3．说英语怕出错；
4．阅读生词多；
5．写作难下笔。
请参考以上提示，提出至少三个自己在英语学习中遇到的问题。
注意：1.词数80左右，开头已给出，但不计入总词数。
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Hello，everyone，
I'm
writing
to
ask
you
for
advice
on
some
difficulties
that
we
have
met
in
our
English
studies.
[参考范文]
Hello，everyone，
I'm
writing
to
ask
you
for
advice
on
some
difficulties
that
we
have
met
in
our
English
studies.
You
see，since
we
entered
senior
high
school，English
has
become
more
and
more
difficult
and
some
of
my
classmates，including
me，have
lost
interest
in
it.And
it
has
proved
to
be
a
tough
job
to
try
to
remember
so
many
new
English
words.For
fear
of
making
mistakes，in
English
class
we
don't
want
to
speak
English.What's
worse，when
reading
English
articles，we
meet
some
words
that
we
don't
know，which
makes
it
hard
for
us
to
understand
the
articles.When
it
comes
to
English
writing，we
don't
know
how
to
start
writing
or
how
to
organize
the
main
points.
These
difficulties
worry
us
a
lot.I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
can
offer
us
some
suggestions
about
these
problems.
11．To
have
another
language
is
to
possess
a
second
soul.掌握另一门语言就拥有了第二个灵魂。
2．A
man
who
does
not
know
a
foreign
language
is
ignorant
of
his
own.—Goethe
一个不懂得外语的人，也不会真正了解自己的母语。
——歌德
3．Learning
any
language
takes
a
lot
of
effort，but
don't
give
up.学习任何语言都需要下很大功夫，但不要放弃。
4．Language
shapes
the
way
we
think
and
determines
what
we
can
think
about.语言塑造了我们思考的方式，决定了我们能想到什么内容。
5．Words
are
the
leaves
of
the
tree
of
language，of
which，if
some
fall
away，a
succession
of
new
words
takes
their
place.词是语言之树上的叶子，如果其中一些消失了，一连串新词就会取而代之。
What
is
poetry?Who
knows?
Not
a
rose，but
the
scent(气味)
of
the
rose.
Not
the
sky，but
the
light
of
the
sky.
Not
the
fly，but
the
gleam
of
the
fly.
Not
the
sea，but
the
sound
of
sea.
Not
myself，but
what
makes
me
see，hear
and
feel
something
that
prose.
Learning
Chinese
could
be
one
of
the
most
important
decisions
you
ever
make.Chinese
is
becoming
the
language
to
learn
in
the
21st
century.With
the
world's
largest
population
and
a
rapidly
growing
middle
class，China
stands
to
become
the
engine
of
the
world's
economy
in
the
coming
years.This
will
make
learning
Chinese
very
important
for
people
in
many
industries，or
for
those
of
us
who
wish
to
visit
China
or
learn
from
its
culture
and
history.
There
is
an
ongoing
effort
to
modernize
the
writing
system
and
standardize
the
language.An
increasing
number
of
people
learning
Chinese
are
learning
the
Mandarin，so
unless
you
absolutely
need
to
learn
another
dialect(such
as
Cantonese)，be
sure
you
are
studying
Mandarin.
For
native
English
speakers
Chinese
is
one
of
the
most
difficult
and
most
different
languages
to
learn.The
vocabulary
is
wholly
unfamiliar
and
unlike
anything
we
know.In
addition，in
the
Chinese
tone
system，words
are
spoken
in
rising
or
falling
tones，which
help
to
distinguish
between
them.Furthermore，there
is
the
Chinese
writing
system—a
collection
of
thousands
of
individual
ideograms(表意文字)，or
symbols，which
represent
a
word
or
an
idea.These
ideograms
have
no
phonetic(音标的)
value—that
is
to
say，we
can't
tell
how
the
word
is
pronounced
by
how
it
is
written.There
is
a
method
to
present
written
Chinese
in
a
phonetic
script
called
Pinyin.If
you
are
learning
Chinese，you'll
be
working
with
this
Pinyin
system，but
the
beauty
of
the
traditional
writing
system
shouldn't
be
passed
up.All
these
factors
make
learning
Chinese
difficult
for
us.Yet，for
a
determined
learner，there's
always
a
way
to
overcome
it.
[探索发现]
1．Find
out
why
learning
Chinese
is
becoming
more
and
more
important.
Because
China
is
becoming
more
and
more
important
to
the
world's
economy.
2．Find
out
the
main
idea
of
the
last
paragraph.
It
is
mainly
about
the
difficulties
of
learning
Chinese.
3．Find
out
what
would
be
probably
written
following
this
text.
The
advice
on
how
to
learn
Chinese.
1课时分层作业(十六)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It
was
his
first
visit
to
his
native(本国的)
country
since
2010.
2．As
is
known
to
us
all，the
valuable
painting
dates
back
to
the
Ming
Dynasty(朝代)．
3．The
film
which
is
based(以……为基础)on
a
true
love
story
is
very
popular
with
young
people.
4．The
weather
could
be
a
major
factor(因素)in
tomorrow's
game.
5．After
three
years
of
study，she
knows
the
dialect
(方言)
here
well.
6．As
we
all
know，cars
have
become
a
popular
means(途径)of
transport.
7．As
you
know，smoking
is
one
of
the
major
(主要的)
causes
of
cancer，so
you'd
better
give
it
up.
8．Practising
Chinese
kung
fu
can
not
only
build
up
your
body
but
also
can
develop
your
character
(品质，
个性)．
9．As
you
get
older，your
attitude
(态度)
towards
life
changes.
10．Like
many
young
people，he
prefers
pop
music
to
classical(古典的)music.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Advice
to
English
learners
Learners
of
English，especially
self?taught
learners
may
have
trouble
in
understanding
speeches
by
native
speakers.The
following
ways
might
help
to
improve
their
listening
ability.
First
of
all，do
things
step
by
step.It
is
not
good
to
listen
to
something
beyond
your
level．Better
choose
a
suitable
course
and
start
with
the
first
book.Go
on
to
the
second
book
only
after
you
are
sure
you
understand
the
first
one.
Secondly，stick
to
one
course
of
study.Don't
change
books
often.Never
let
your
attention
be
attracted
by
another
course
just
because
it
seems
to
be
more
“fashionable(时髦的)”．
Thirdly，listen
to
the
English
news
programme
over
the
radio
from
time
to
time.Better
go
through
the
news
stories
in
the
Chinese?language
newspaper
first.That
will
make
it
easy
for
you
to
understand
the
English
news
on
the
radio.
Fourthly，if
you
have
time，listen
to
some
interesting
stories
in
“Special
English”
from
the
VOA
or
other
listening
materials
of
the
same
level
as
that
of
your
textbook.
【语篇解读】 本文主要给英语学习者提供了几条建议。
1．These
are
some
pieces
of
advice
to
learners
of
English
on
how
to
．
A．improve
their
listening
ability
B．read
fast
C．write
better
English
and
read
fast
D．speak
correctly
A [细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知。]
2．If
you
want
to
understand
the
English
news
programme
on
the
radio，you
should
．
A．read
the
Chinese?language
newspaper
carefully
B．read
again
and
again
the
Chinese?language
newspaper
C．go
through
the
Chinese?language
newspaper
D．be
able
to
recite
the
Chinese?language
newspaper
C [细节理解题。
由第四段“Thirdly...Better
go
through
the
news
stories
in
the
Chinese?language
newspaper
first.”可知。]
3．The
underlined
part
“beyond
your
level”
in
Paragraph
2
means
something
．
A．easy
for
you
B．too
difficult
for
you
C．not
too
easy
and
not
too
difficult
for
you
D．just
all
right
for
you
B [词义猜测题。
由第二段可推知。]
4．The
author
advised
that
once
you
have
taken
up
course，you
should
．
A．stick
to
it
B．begin
with
the
last
book
C．take
up
other
courses
if
they
are
more
fashionable
D．not
do
anything
else
A [细节理解题。由第三段第一、二句“Secondly，stick
to
one
course
to
study.Don't
change
books
often.”可知。]
B
“Tribes”
everywhere
have
their
own
special
language.
As
someone
who's
been
studying
English
for
many
years
now，you
might
think
you
know
the
English
language
pretty
well.But
if
you
overheard
a
British
person
saying，“A
Billy
left
some
bees
and
honey
in
my
sherbet(冰冻果露)
last
night.”would
you
understand
what
they
meant?
Probably
not，and
many
native
speakers
may
not
know
what
this
person
was
saying
either.
His
or
her
tribe.In
plain
English，the
sentence
would
be，“A
customer
left
some
money
in
my
cab
last
night.”
So，what
exactly
is
meant
by
“tribe”?
A
recent
article
on
the
BBC
Culture
website
pointed
out
that
nearly
all
of
us
are
a
part
of
a
tribe.This
is
a
group
that
defines(定义)
who
we
are
and
even
how
we
speak.And
with
each
tribe
comes
its
own“secret
language”，as
the
BBC
called
it.
If
you
work
in
a
certain
industry—education，for
example—you
may
use
slang
words(俚语)
and
acronyms(首字母缩略词)
that
only
other
people
who
work
in
that
industry
would
understand.Or
if
you
live
in
a
certain
city，you
might
use
a
slang
word
to
describe
a
landmark
in
the
city，that
only
locals
would
understand.
These
so?called
secret
languages
each
have
their
own
fascinating
history.In
the
US，for
example，the
underground“ballroom”(舞厅)tribe
of
1970s
and
80s
New
York
City
and
its
language
were
showcased(展现)in
the
2018
FX
show
Pose.
These
secret
words
don't
always
stay
within
their
tribes，however.Words
from
many
tribes，especially
musical
cultures
such
as
rap
and
hip?hop，often
enter
people's
everyday
vocabulary.For
example，the
phrase“to
have
beef”—meaning
“to
be
in
a
conflict”—was
made
popular
by
US
rappers.Today，it's
widely
used
by
native
English
speakers
all
over
the
world.
As
BBC
reporter
Susie
Dent
wrote.“We
are
all
surrounded
by
amazing
secret
languages，full
of
history
and
stories
and
in?jokes(内部笑话)．And
one
thing
is
certain：our
tribal
conversations
will
never
run
out.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇社会类短文阅读。文章主要讲述了各地的不同群体都有自己独特的语言。
5．The
example
at
the
beginning
of
the
text
is
mainly
used
to
．
A．prove
that
English
is
hard
to
learn
B．explain
the
meaning
of
tribes
C．teach
readers
how
to
communicate
with
London
cab
drivers
D．show
how
the
languages
of
tribes
are
often
difficult
for
outsiders
to
understand
D [推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Probably
not，and
many
native
speakers
may
not
know
what
this
person
was
saying
either.”许多以英语为母语的人可能也不知道这个人在说什么，从而可以推断出，作者开始举例是为了说明不同群体的语言如何常常难以让外人了解。故选D。]
6．What
can
we
know
about
secret
languages?
A．They
mostly
came
from
musical
cultures.
B．Some
words
from
them
are
popular
in
everyday
conversation.
C．They
first
started
in
New
York
City
in
the
1980s.
D．They
have
failed
to
become
popular
among
young
people.
B [细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段第二句“Words
from
many
tribes,
especially
musical
cultures
such
as
rap
and
hip?hop，often
enter
people's
everyday
vocabulary.For
example，the
phrase
‘to
have
beef’
—meaning‘to
be
in
a
conflict’—was
made
popular
by
US
rappers.Today，it's
widely
used
by
native
English
speakers
all
over
the
world.”可知，作者通过举例说明一些来自群体的语言在日常生活中很流行。故选B。]
7．What
is
Dent's
attitude
toward
the
future
of
secret
languages?
A．Confident.
B．Worried.
C．Uninterested.
D．Objective(客观的)．
A [观点态度题。根据文章最后一段As
BBC
reporter
Susie
Dent
wrote，“We
are
all
surrounded
by
amazing
secret
languages，full
of
history
and
stories
and
in?jokes(内部笑话)．And
one
thing
is
certain：our
tribal
conversations
will
never
run
out.”可知，Susie
Dent认为有一件事是肯定的：我们的群体对话永远不会结束，从而推断出Dent对秘密语言的未来的态度是很有把握的，故选A。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Do
you
have
a
headache
about
learning
English?
Here
are
some
tips
that
may
help
you
to
understand
the
language
better.
1
The
biggest
problem
that
most
people
face
is
their
own
fear.
2
Some
say
that
they
will
look
stupid.Some
are
afraid
that
they
cannot
get
themselves
understood.So
they
don't
say
anything
at
all.Don't
do
this.The
fastest
way
to
learn
English
is
to
say
it
again
and
again
until
you
get
it
right.Like
everything
else，English
requires
practice.Don't
let
a
little
fear
stop
you
from
getting
what
you
want.
Surround
(围绕)
Yourself
with
English
3
Put
English
books
around，listen
to
English
news
and
watch
English
movies.Speak
English
with
your
friends
whenever
you
can.The
more
English
material
that
you
have
around
you，the
more
progress
you
will
make.
Listen
to
English
Music
Music
can
be
a
very
effective(有效的)
method
of
learning
English.
4
The
best
way
to
learn，though，is
to
get
the
lyrics
(歌词)
you
are
listening
to
and
sing
them
as
the
singer
sings.There
are
several
good
Internet
sites
where
you
can
find
the
lyrics
for
most
songs.
5
And
if
you
like
to
sing，even
better!
A．Speak
Without
Fear
B．In
fact，English
music
is
a
way
to
help
us
understand
English.
C．Listen
to
native
speakers
as
much
as
possible
D．Some
people
worry
that
they
won't
say
things
correctly.
E．If
you
listen
to
the
news，you
can
also
hear
different
accents.
F．The
best
way
to
learn
English
is
to
surround
yourself
with
it.
G．In
this
way
you
can
practice
your
listening
and
reading
at
the
same
time.
【语篇解读】 英语在我们日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色，要怎样才能学好英语呢?让我们一起来了解一下吧！
1．A [总分关系。根据全文结构可知此处需要填本段的小标题，且由本段关键词“their
own
fear”，再结合选项内容可知A项正确。]
2．D [并列关系。由后文Some
say
that
they
will
look
stupid.Some
are
afraid
that
they
cannot
get
themselves
understood.再结合选项内容可知D项正确。]
3．F [承接关系。由本段小标题再结合选项内容可知F项的关键词“surround
yourself
with
it”与之相呼应，所以F项正确。]
4．B [递进关系。根据前句Music
can
be
a
very
effective(有效的)method
of
learning
English.再结合选项内容可知B项正确，意为“事实上，音乐是帮助我们理解英语的一种方法”。]
5．G [递进关系。根据后句And
if
you
like
to
sing，even
better！再结合选项内容可知G项正确，意为“用这种方式你就能同时练习听力和阅读”。]
1Ⅰ.匹配词义
( )1.factor
A．n.符号；象征
( )2.system
B．n.王朝；朝代
( )3.bone
C．n.因素；要素
( )4.calligraphy
D．n.骨头；骨(质)
( )5.dynasty
E．n.体系；制度；系统
( )6.carve
F．n.书法；书法艺术
( )7.symbol
G．vt.&
vi.雕刻
( )8.gap
H．n.间隔；开口；差距
( )9.point
of
view
I．浮沉，兴衰
( )10.ups
and
downs
J．观点，看法
[答案] 1－5
CEDFB
6－10 GAHJI
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．despite
prep.即使；尽管
2．attitude
n．态度；看法
3．major
adj.主要的；重要的；大的
n．主修课程；主修学生
vi.主修；专门研究
4．means
n．方式；方法；途径
5．character
n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
6．appreciate
vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会
vi.增值
7．equal
n．同等的人；相等物
adj.相同的；同样的
8．regard
n．尊重；关注
vt.把……视为；看待
9．specific
adj.特定的；明确的；具体的
10．struggle
n．&
vi.斗争；奋斗；搏击
Ⅰ.语境填空
regarded，major，carved，gaps，dialects，dating，symbols，classic，related，civilisation
1．There
are
huge
gaps
in
my
knowledge
of
history，especially
the
European
history.
2．Chinese
characters
are
just
meaningless
symbols
to
most
of
the
foreigners.
3．It
is
required
that
what
you
will
write
should
be
related
to
everyday
life.
4．Since
you
are
interested
in
Chinese
classic
novels，I
think
this
book
is
well
worth
reading.
5．As
the
birthplace
of
Huaxia
civilisation，Henan
is
a
province
with
a
long
history
and
a
number
of
cultural
relics(遗迹)．
6．The
Spring
Festival
is
regarded
as
the
most
important
festival
for
Chinese
people.
7．He
travels
around
the
country
and
can
speak
several
dialects．
8．The
floor
is
made
up
of
the
bricks
carved
with
calligraphy.
9．This
is
an
old
building
dating
back
to
the
14th
century.
10．When
I
graduated
from
high
school，I
wanted
to
major
in
literature.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．His
story
is
based(base)
on
his
own
experience
when
he
was
studying
in
Harvard
University.
2．Students
must
be
encouraged
to
do
their
homework
using
reference(refer)books.
3．A
variety(vary)
of
food
is
sold
at
a
supermarket.
4．What
are
the
effects
of
global(globe)
warming
on
the
climate?
5．The
majority(major)of
doctors
believe
smoking
is
harmful
to
health.
6．All
expenses
are
to
be
equally(equal)
divided
among
them.
7．Light
industry
is
closely
related(relate)to
agriculture.
8．It
is
a
demanding(demand)role
and
she
needs
to
work
hard
at
it.
9．The
park
is
beautiful
beyond
description(describe)．
10．I
wish
to
express
my
appreciation(appreciate)
for
your
kindness.
1．China
is
widely
known
for
its
ancient
civilisation
which
has
continued
all
the
way
through
into
modern
times，despite
the
many
ups
and
downs
in
its
history.
尽管在历史上经历了多次盛衰，但一直延续至今的古老文明让中国闻名世界。
2．Written
Chinese
has
also
become
an
important
means
by
which
China's
present
is
connected
with
its
past.
中国书法也成为联系中国过去和现在的一种重要形式。
3．As
China
plays
a
greater
role
in
global
affairs,
an
increasing
number
of
international
students
are
beginning
to
appreciate
China's
culture
and
history
through
this
amazing
language.
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
4．When
I
listen
to
native
English
speakers
talking
in
a
video，I
can
catch
only
a
few
words.I
can
never
quite
get
the
main
idea.
当我听到录音中以英语为母语的人在讲话时，我只能听懂几个词。我从来没能听懂过大意。
5．If
I'm
talking
to
a
close
friend，I
can
use
short
requests，like“Open
the
window”—our
relationship
is
close
and
we're
equals，so
I
only
need
a
few
words
to
bridge
the
gap
between
us.
如果我在和一个亲密的朋友讲话，我可以使用很短的请求语，如“开一下窗户”——我们的关系很亲近，并且我们是平等的，因此我只需说几个字就能消除我们之间的距离。
词语助读
①connect/k?nekt/v.连接
connect
A
to/with/and
B把A与B连接起来
②widely/waIdlI/adv.广泛地
③be
known
for(＝be
famous
for)因……而闻名
be
known/famous
as...作为……而闻名
④civilisation/sIv?laIzeIn/n.文明；文明世界
civilise
v．教化，开化；使文明
civilised
adj.文明的
⑤all
the
way
through一直以来，自始至终
⑥despite/dIspaIt/prep.即使；尽管(＝in
spite
of...)
⑦ups
and
downs浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
⑧factor/fkt?(r)/n.因素；要素
⑨base/beIs/vt.以……为据点；以……为基础
n．底部；根据
based/beIst/adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的
picture?based
adj.以图画为基础的
⑩date
back(to...)追溯到
?bone/b?n/n.骨头；骨(质)
?shell/el/n.壳；壳状物
?symbol/sImbl/n.符号；象征
symbolic
adj.象征性的
symbolise
v．象征，代表
?carve/kv/vt.&
vi.雕刻
?dynasty/dIn?stI/n.王朝；朝代
?well?developed
adj.健全的；发展良好的
?develop
into发展成……
?divide/dIvaId/v.(使)分开，分割，分成……
divide
sth.into...把某物分成……
?geographically/di?grfIklI/adv.地理上地
geographical/di?grfIk?l/adj.地理的
geography/dIgr?fI/n.地理(学)；地形
?variety/v?raI?tI/n.(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化；(同一事物的)不同种类，多种式样
a
variety
of＝varieties
of＝various多种多样的
dialect/daI?lekt/n.地方话；方言
character/kr?kt?(r)/n.文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
Chinese
character汉字
emperor/emp?r?(r)/n.皇帝
unite/junaIt/v.统一；联合，团结
united
adj.联合的，统一的；团结的
major/meId?(r)/adj.主要的；重要的；大的
n．主修课程；主修学生
vi.主修；专门研究
major
in主修……
unify/junIfaI/v.统一；(使)成一体
in
one
direction朝着一个方向
be
of
great
importance＝be
very
important非常重要
means/minz/n.方式；方法；途径(pl.means)
by
means
of...用……手段
classic/klsIk/adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的
n．经典作品；名著
classical
adj.经典的；古典的；传统的
work/wk/
n．[C]著作，作品
classic
works经典作品
regard/rIgd/n.尊重；关注
vt.把……视为；看待
calligraphy/k?lIgr?fI/n.书法；书法艺术
play
a．..role
in在……中扮演……角色(role可换为part)
global
affairs全球事务
global/gl?bl/adj.全球的；全世界的
affair/?fe?(r)/n.公共事务；事件；关系
appreciate/?priieIt/vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会
vi.增值
appreciation
n．欣赏；感激；增值
amazing/?meIzI/adj.惊人的；令人惊喜的
amazed
adj.大为惊奇的
人物小传
秦始皇(公元前259年—公元前210年)，嬴姓，赵氏，名政，是中国历史上著名的政治家、战略家、改革家，是完成华夏大一统的铁腕政治人物，也是中国第一个称皇帝的君主。秦始皇建立了一个以汉族为主体的统一的中央集权的强大国家——秦朝。
原文呈现
THE
CHINESE
WRITING
SYSTEM：
CONNECTING①
THE
PAST
AND
THE
PRESENT
China
is
widely②
known
for③
its
ancient
civilisation④
which
has
continued
all
the
way
through⑤
into
modern
times，despite⑥
the
many
ups
and
downs⑦
in
its
history[1]．There
are
many
reasons
why
this
has
been
possible[2]，but
one
of
the
main
factors⑧
has
been
the
Chinese
writing
system.
[1]which引导的定语从句修饰先行词its
ancient
civilisation。
[2]关系副词why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reasons，同时why在从句中作原因状语。
At
the
beginning,
written
Chinese
was
a
picture?based⑨
language.It
dates
back
several
thousand
years
to⑩
the
use
of
longgu—animal
bones?
and
shells?
on
which
symbols?
were
carved?
by
ancient
Chinese
people[3]．Some
of
the
ancient
symbols
can
still
be
seen
in
today's
hanzi.
[3]“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句修饰先行词animal
bones
and
shells。which指代animal
bones
and
shells。
By
the
Shang
Dynasty?(around
1600－1046
BCE)，these
symbols
had
become
a
well?developed?
writing
system.Over
the
years，the
system
developed
into?
different
forms，as
it
was
a
time
when
people
were
divided?
geographically?，leading
to
many
varieties?
of
dialects
and
characters[4]．This，however，changed
under
Emperor
Qinshihuang
of
the
Qin
Dynasty(221－207
BCE)．
[4]as引导原因状语从句，该从句中包含一个“it
is/was
a
time
when...”句型，意为“这是一个……的时代/时刻”，其中when引导定语从句，修饰a
time。v.?ing短语leading
to...characters作结果状语。
Emperor
Qinshihuang
united
the
seven
major
states
into
one
unified
country
where
the
Chinese
writing
system
began
to
develop
in
one
direction[5]．That
writing
system
was
of
great
importance
in
uniting
the
Chinese
people
and
culture.Even
today，no
matter
where
Chinese
people
live
or
what
dialect
they
speak[6]，they
can
all
still
communicate
in
writing.
[5]where引导的定语从句修饰先行词one
unified
country，where在从句中作地点状语。
[6]“no
matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句，what前省略了no
matter。
Written
Chinese
has
also
become
an
important
means
by
which
China's
present
is
connected
with
its
past[7]．People
in
modern
times
can
read
the
classic
works
which
were
written
by
Chinese
in
ancient
times.The
high
regard
for
the
Chinese
writing
system
can
be
seen
in
the
development
of
Chinese
characters
as
an
art
form，known
as
Chinese
calligraphy，which
has
become
an
important
part
of
Chinese
culture.[8]
[7]“介词by＋which”引导的定语从句修饰先行词an
important
means。
[8]该句是一个较复杂的主从复合句。The
high
regard是主语；介词短语for...system修饰主语。关系代词which引导的定语从句修饰先行词an
art
form。
Today，the
Chinese
writing
system
is
still
an
important
part
of
Chinese
culture.As
China
plays
a
greater
role
in
global
affairs[9]，an
increasing
number
of
international
students
are
beginning
to
appreciate
China's
culture
and
history
through
this
amazing
language.
[9]As在此引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”。
译文参考
汉字书写体系：
连接过去与现在
中国因其古文明而广为人知，虽然古文明在历史上有兴衰起伏，但它成功传承到了现代。这其中有很多原因，不过一个主要因素就是汉字的书写体系。
起初，汉字是一种基于图画的语言，它的使用可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期——古代中国人民将符号刻在动物骨头和壳上，有些古代的符号在今天的汉字当中仍可见到。
到商朝的时候(约公元前1600—公元前1046年)，这些符号已经形成一个高度发达的书写体系。随着时间的推移，书写体系发展成不同的形式，因为那时人们居住在不同的地理区域，导致了多种方言和文字的形成。不过，秦朝(公元前221—公元前207年)秦始皇统治时期，这一现象有所改变。
秦始皇统一七国，中国的书写体系由此开始朝同一个方向发展。该书写体系对于统一中国人民和中国文化都具有重要意义。即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
书面汉语也成为连接中国的现在与过去的一种重要手段。现代人能阅读古代中国人创作的经典作品。中国人对中国书写体系的高度重视体现在汉字的发展中，汉字作为一种艺术形式，被熟知为中国书法，已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。今天，汉字书写体系仍是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
11．refer
vi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于→reference
n．指称关系；参考
2．base
vt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据→based
adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的
3．vary
vt.&
vi.使多样化；变化→variety
n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→various
adj.不同的；各种各样的
4．globe
n．球体；地球仪；地球→global
adj.全球的；全世界的
5．appreciate
vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会→appreciation
n．欣赏；感激；感谢
6．equal
n．同等的人；相等物
adj.相同的；同样的→equally
adv.相同地；同样地→equality
n．平等
7．describe
vt.&
vi.描述；描写→description
n．描写(文字)；形容
1．character
n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
①Mr.Brown
loves
to
study
Chinese
characters.文字
②Shakespeare
made
his
characters
live
through
their
language
in
his
plays.人物
③At
the
last
moment，Tom
decided
to
put
in
a
new
character
to
make
the
story
seem
more
likely.角色
④We
are
good
friends
and
we
are
much
alike
in
character.性格
2．major
adj.主要的；重要的；大的
n．主修课程；主修学生
vi.主修；专门研究
①Li
Ming
wants
to
major
in
physics
at
college.主修
②Environment
protection
is
a
major
event.重要的
③He
is
a
major
in
French
at
Stanford.主修学生
Words
And
Phrases
native
adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的
n．本地人；本国人
(教材P60)
How
many
billion
people
speak
the
UN's
official
languages
as
their
native
or
second
language?
有多少亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二语言?
[例1] Native
English
speakers
can
understand
each
other
even
if
they
don't
speak
the
same
kind
of
English.
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，但也可以相互理解。
[例2] Is
her
uncle
a
native
of
Shanghai，or
just
a
visitor?她叔叔是上海本地人，还是只是一名游客?
[造句]研究人员说这种虎产于印度。
The
researcher
says
the
tiger
is
native
to
India.
[知识拓展]
(1)one's
native
country/land/language
某人的祖国/故乡/母语
be
native
to
原产于……
(2)be
a
native
of...
……的人；生长于……的动物或植物
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①The
kind
of
horses
is
not
native
to
America—it
was
introduced
by
the
Spanish.
②The
British
forced
the
natives(native)
to
leave
their
land
by
burning
their
villages.
完成句子
③As
a
matter
of
fact，French
is
not
my
native
language(我的母语)．
[小片断理解]
French
is
not
my
native
tongue.I'm
a
native
of
this
place.
refer
to
提到；查阅；参考；谈到；提交；把……称作……；指的是；描述；指的是
(教材P60)Pronouns
refer
to
something
or
somebody
mentioned
earlier.
代词指的是前面提到的某件事或某个人。
[例1] Does
your
words
refer
to
all
of
us?
你说的话是针对我们所有人吗?
[例2] The
regulations
refer
only
to
children.
这些规定只适用于儿童。
[造句]我看了一下手表以便知道准确时间。
I
referred
to
my
watch
for
the
exact
time.
[知识拓展]
(1)refer
to...as...
把……称作……
(2)reference
n.
言及；提及；参考；查阅
[即学即练]
一词多义
①No
one
referred
to
the
matter
again.提及
②When
I
said
some
people
were
stupid
I
wasn't
referring
to
you.指的是
③The
new
law
does
not
refer
to
land
used
for
farming.有关；适用于
④If
you
don't
know
the
exact
meaning
of
the
word，you
may
refer
to
the
dictionary.查阅
⑤English
is
referred
to
as
a
universal
language.把……称作是
base
vt.以……为据点；以……为基础
n．底部；根据；基础
(教材P62)At
the
beginning，written
Chinese
was
a
picture?based
language.
起初，汉字是一种基于图画的语言。
[例1] Please
do
remember
that
success
is
based
on
hard
work.
请一定要记住，成功基于艰苦的努力。
[例2] He
used
the
house
as
a
base
for
his
printing
business.
他把房子用作印刷业的基地。
[造句]你不应该把你的报告基于错误的信息。
You
shouldn't
base
your
report
on
false
information.
[知识拓展]
(1)base...on/upon
把……建立在……的基础上
be
based
on/upon
以……为基础/依据
(2)basis
n.
基础，主要成分
(3)basic
adj.
基本的；基础的
(4)based
adj.
以……为基础的，以……为重要部分的
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①We
always
base
our
idea
on/upon
facts.
②The
suggestion
was
made
on
the
basis(base)
of
second?hand
information.
③The
right
to
work
is
a
basic(base)
right
of
the
citizens.
④Based(base)
on
a
lot
of
researches，his
plan
is
very
practical.
[小片段填空]
Based
on
the
different
technologies，tea
is
divided
into
three
basic
types.(base)
date
back(to...)追溯到……
(教材P62)It
dates
back
several
thousand
years
to
the
use
of
longgu...
它的使用可以追溯到数千年前的龙骨时期……
[例1] As
far
as
I
know，the
old
town
dates
from/back
to
the
early
Tang
Dynasty.
据我所知，这个古老的城镇可追溯到初唐时期。
[例2] According
to
the
expert，the
building
has
a
history
dating
from/back
to
the
early
Tang
Dynasty.
＝According
to
the
expert，the
building
has
a
history
which
dates
from/back
to
the
early
Tang
Dynasty.
那个专家说这座建筑物历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。
[造句]本书中所有照片均可追溯到20世纪50年代。
All
the
photos
in
this
book
date
back
to/from
the
1950s.
[知识拓展]
(1)date
back
to＝date
from 追溯到……
(2)out
of
date
过时的，
陈旧的
(3)up
to
date
最新的，最近的
[名师点津]
(1)date
from与date
back
to都用主动语态，不用被动语态和进行时态，但可用动词?ing形式作定语、补语、状语等。
(2)谈论现存的物品或建筑物时，虽然这一事物建造于过去某一时期，但date
from和date
back
to却用一般现在时。
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①Our
friendship
dates(date)
back
to
1960.
②A
lot
of
new
words
go
out
of
date
very
quickly.
③They
are
very
up
to
date
in
their
method
of
language
teaching.
④According
to
the
expert，the
vase
has
a
history
dating(date)
back
to
the
Tang
Dynasty.
variety
n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
(教材P62)Over
the
years，the
system
developed
into
different
forms，as
it
was
a
time
when
people
were
divided
geographically，leading
to
many
varieties
of
dialects
and
characters.随着时间的推移，书写体系发展成不同的形式，因为那时人们居住在不同的地理区域，导致了多种方言和文字的形成。
[例1] In
my
free
time，I'd
like
to
take
exercise，such
as
swimming，running
and
various/a
variety
of
ball
games.
在业余时间，
我喜欢锻炼，
例如：游泳、跑步和各种各样的球类运动。
[例2] Susan's
idea
of
freedom
was
to
have
variety
in
her
life
style.苏珊心目中的自由就是拥有多样的生活。
[造句]音乐本身就有许多种类。
The
music
itself
has
so
much
variety.
[知识拓展]
(1)a
variety
of＝varieties
of
种类繁多的
(2)various
adj.
不同的；各种各样的
for
various
reasons
由于种种原因
(3)vary
vt.&vi.
改变；变化
vary
from...to...
从……到……不等；在……到……
之间变动
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①The
author
gave
various(vary)
resons
for
having
written
the
book.
②We
have
varieties(variety)
of
flowers
in
our
garden.
③Teaching
methods
vary
greatly
from
school
to
school.
[小片段填空]
A
wide
variety
of
activities
have
been
offered
to
various
students
after
class
in
the
last
three
months.These
activities
vary
from
playing
table
tennis
to
playing
chess.(vary)
means
n．方式；方法；途径
(教材P62)
Written
Chinese
has
also
become
an
important
means
by
which
China's
present
is
connected
with
its
past.
书面汉语也成为连接中国的现在与过去的一种重要手段。
[例1] There
is
no
doubt
that
WeChat
is
an
important
means
of
communication.
毫无疑问，微信是一种重要的交流工具。
[例2] Students
sometimes
support
themselves
by
means
of
doing
part?time
jobs.
学生有时借助兼职工作养活自己。
[造句]所有可能的方法都试过了，但没有一种有效。
①Every
possible
means
has
been
tried，but
none
has
worked.
＝②All
possible
means
have
been
tried，but
none
has
worked.
[知识拓展]
(1)a
means
of
communication一种通讯/交流工具
(2)by
this
means
通过这种方法
by
means
of
用……办法；借助……
by
no
means
决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子
用部分倒装)
[即学即练]
完成句子
①We
can
save
much
time
by
this
means(通过这种方法)．
②She
is
by
no
means(一点也不)
stupid.
③I
escaped
by
means
of(借助)
a
secret
tunnel.
regard
n．尊重；关注
vt.把……视为；看待
(教材P62)The
high
regard
for
the
Chinese
writing
system
can
be
seen
in
the
development
of
Chinese
characters
as
an
art
form，known
as
Chinese
calligraphy，which
has
become
an
important
part
of
Chinese
culture.中国人对中国书写体系的高度重视体现在汉字的发展中，汉字作为一种艺术形式，被熟知为中国书法，已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。
[例1] I
regard
this
novel
as
one
of
the
best
one
I
have
ever
read.
我认为这是我读过的最好的小说中的一部。
[例2] She
has
no
regard
for
other
people's
feelings.
她无视别人的感受。
[造句]我们非常尊敬先进工作者。
We
have
a
great
regard
for
the
advanced
workers.
[知识拓展]
(1)regard/consider...as...
认为……是……
(2)have
high/no
regard
for...
高度关注/无视……
with/in
regard
to
sth.
关于某事
give
one's
regards
to
sb.
向某人致意；代……向某人问候
(3)regarding
prep.
关于，至于
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①I
have
nothing
to
say
with
regard
to
your
complaints.
②He
knew
nothing
regarding
(regard)the
case.
③The
novel
is
regarded
as
one
of
the
classic
works.
④Please
give
my
kind
regards(regard)
to
your
family.
appreciate
vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会
vi.增值
(教材P62)
As
China
plays
a
greater
role
in
global
affairs，an
increasing
number
of
international
students
are
beginning
to
appreciate
China's
culture
and
history
through
this
amazing
language.
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
[例1] Many
people
can't
fully
appreciate
the
importance
of
regular
exercise.
许多人没有充分认识到定期锻炼的重要性。
[例2] I'd
appreciate
it
if
you
let
me
know
whether
you
are
free
in
advance.
如果你提前告知我你是否有空我将感激不尽。
[造句]你尽早回信我将感激不尽。
I'd
appreciate
your
writing
me
back
as
soon
as
possible.
[知识拓展]
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.?ing
重视/感激……
I
would
appreciate
it
if...
假如……，我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation
n.
欣赏；感激
express
one's
appreciation
to
sb.for
sth.
表达因某事对某人的感激之情
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
①We
appreciate
your
helping(help)
us.
②I
would
appreciate
it
if
you
would
send
me
the
postcard
as
soon
as
possible.
③Our
house
has
appreciated(appreciate)
by
50%
in
the
last
two
years.
[小片段填空]
Have
you
ever
dreamed
of
playing
in
front
of
thousands
of
people
at
a
concert，at
which
everyone
is
clapping
and
appreciating
your
music?This
appreciation
surely
can
motivate
you
to
perform
the
best.(appreciate)
Sentence
Patterns
“of＋抽象名词”结构
(教材P62)That
writing
system
was
of
great
importance
in
uniting
the
Chinese
people
and
culture.
该书写体系对于统一中国人民和中国文化都具有重要意义。
[句式分析]
of
great
importance属于“of＋抽象名词”结构，相当于very
important。
[例1] What
you
are
saying
is
of
no
interest(＝not
interesting)
to
me.
你说的话让我提不起兴趣。
[例2] His
opinion
is
considered
to
be
of
great
value(＝very
valuable)．
大家一致认为他的观点很有价值。
[造句]这种药没有用。
This
medicine
is
of
no
use.
[知识拓展]
(1)名词是use/importance/help/value/interest/quality/benefit/necessity等时，相当于其名词所对应的形容词，这类名词前可用no，some，any，little，much，great等词修饰。
(2)名词是age/shape/colour/size/kind/type/price/height/depth/
width/length/weight等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，这类名词前可用the
same，different，good等修饰。
[即学即练]
句型转换
①Smoking
is
of
no
benefit
to
you.
→Smoking
is
not
beneficial
to
you.
②This
line
is
as
long
as
that
one.
→The
two
lines
are
of
the
same
length．
完成句子
③I
feel
happy
that
the
work
I'm
doing
is
of
much
value．
我很高兴，我做的这项工作非常有价值。
④Your
skirt
is
of
the
same
size
with
mine
but
of
different
colours．
你的裙子和我的裙子大小相同但颜色不同。
⑤These
flags
are
of
different
colours．
这些旗帜颜色不同。
⑥Having
the
answers
ready
will
be
of
great
help．
准备好答案会很有帮助。
no
matter
where/what...引导让步状语从句
(教材P62)Even
today，no
matter
where
Chinese
people
live
or
what
dialect
they
speak，they
can
all
still
communicate
in
writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
[句式分析]
[例1] No
matter
how
difficult
the
problem
is，we
should
not
lose
heart.
无论问题有多难，我们都不应该丧失信心。
[例2] No
matter
what/Whatever
you
say，I
won't
believe
you
any
longer.
无论你说什么，我再也不相信你了。
[造句]无论我什么时候不高兴，都是我的朋友简让我开心起来的。
Whenever(＝No
matter
when)I'm
unhappy，it
is
my
friend
Jane
who
cheers
me
up.
[知识拓展]
(1)no
matter
how意为“不管；无论如何”，引导让步状语从句，相当于however。
(2)“no
matter＋特殊疑问词(如who/what/where/when等)”均可引导让步状语从句，可与特殊疑问词?ever等词互换。
(3)“疑问词＋ever”可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。
[即学即练]
完成句子
①I'll
post
that
letter
no
matter
what
Wilson
says.
不管威尔逊说什么，我都要寄出那封信。
②No
matter
which
you
like，you
can
take
it
away.
你喜欢哪个就拿走哪个。
③No
matter
how
hot
it
is，he
will
not
take
off
his
coat.
无论多热，他也不会脱掉外套。
④Whoever(＝No
matter
who)
you
are，you
must
obey
the
law.
不论你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。
⑤Whatever
he
said
was
right.
无论他说什么都是对的。
1．China
is
widely
known
for
its
ancient
civilisation
which
has
continued
all
the
way
through
into
modern
times，despite
the
many
ups
and
downs
in
its
history.
[分析] 本句为复合句，which引导定语从句，修饰civilisation；despite是介词，构成介词短语作状语。
[译文] 中国因其古文明而广为人知，虽然古文明在历史上有兴衰起伏，但它成功传承到了现代。
2．There
are
many
reasons
why
this
has
been
possible，but
one
of
the
main
factors
has
been
the
Chinese
writing
system.
[分析] 此句为并列复合句，There
are
many
reasons
与but
one
of
the
main
factors
has
been
the
Chinese
writing
system
为并列句，why
this
has
been
possible为定语从句修饰先行词reasons。
[译文] 这其中有很多原因，不过一个主要因素就是汉字的书写体系。
3．Over
the
years，the
system
developed
into
different
forms，as
it
was
a
time
when
people
were
divided
geographically，leading
to
many
varieties
of
dialects
and
characters.
[分析] 本句主句为：the
system
developed
into
different
forms;
because引导原因状语从句，
原因状语从句包含一个when
people
were
divided
geographically定语从句，
修饰先行词time;
leading
to
many
varieties
of
dialects
and
characters为v.?ing
作结果状语。
[译文] 随着时间的推移，书写体系发展成不同的形式，因为那时人们居住在不同的地理区域，导致了多种方言和文字的形成。
教材
高考
Emperor
Qinshihuang
united
the
seven
major
states
into
one
unified
country
where
the
Chinese
writing
system
began
to
develop
in
one
direction.
Their
victory
in
America
was
still
remembered
as
a
major
turning
point
in
the
history
of
rock
and
roll.(2019·浙江卷)
China
is
widely
known
for
its
ancient
civilisation
which
has
continued
all
the
way
through
into
modern
times，despite
the
many
ups
and
downs
in
its
history.
Despite
their
many
differences，all
human
beings
share
several
defining
characteristics，such
as
large
brains
and
the
ability
to
walk
upright
on
two
legs.(2019·江苏卷)
At
the
beginning，written
Chinese
was
a
picture?based
language.
A
lot
of
business
is
still
done
over
the
phone，and
much
of
it
is
based
on
trust
and
existing
relationships.(2019·北京卷)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.
You'd
better
learn
some
basic
(base)
Chinese
before
you
come
to
our
school.Only
in
this
way
can
you
get
used
to
the
life
here
soon.
2．Our
school
lies
in
Tianjin，which
is
beautiful.In
autumn，it
is
neither
too
hot
nor
too
cold.
3．As
a
result，we
often
take
part
in
varieties
(various)
of
after?school
activities.
4．As
is
known
to
us，China
is
widely
known
for
its
ancient
civilization.
5．Henry
told
me
that
there
was
a
time
when
he
stayed
up
every
night
going
over
his
lessons.
6．My
mother
won't
allow
me
to
lie
to
her
no
matter
what
happens.
7．Sometimes
I
enjoy
playing
(play)
the
piano，but
sometimes
I
find
it
really
boring.
8．All
possible
means
will
be
tried
(try)
to
find
a
way
to
settle
the
problem.
9．What
is
your
attitude
towards/to
senior
high
students
taking
up
a
part?time
job?
10．As
is
known
to
us，the
panda
is
native
to
China.
Ⅱ.短语填空
ups
and
downs，of
great
importance，based
on，a
number
of，date
back
to，refer
to，varieties
of，by
means
of，regarded
as，according
to
1．It's
of
great
importance
to
study
English
well.
2．The
company
has
undergone
many
ups
and
downs．
3．Varieties
of
books
are
being
sold
at
this
bookshop.
4．What
time
can
the
marathon
date
back
to?
5．This
novel
is
based
on
historical
facts.
6．I
was
not
referring
to
her
when
I
said
so.
7．A
number
of
students
are
planting
trees
on
the
hill.
8．The
teacher
explained
the
question
by
means
of
an
example.
9．He
was
later
regarded
as
a
sea
god
by
the
people
in
Fujian
and
Taiwan.
10．They
both
played
the
game
according
to
the
rules.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The
main
reason
1.why
China's
ancient
civilisation
has
continued
all
the
way
through
into
modern
times
has
been
the
Chinese
writing
system.At
the
beginning，written
Chinese
was
a
picture?based
language，which
2.dates
(date)back
several
thousand
years
to
the
use
of
longgu.
Symbols
3.were
carved
(carve)on
animals
bones
and
shells
by
ancient
Chinese
people.Over
the
years，there
was
4.a
time
when
the
Chinese
people
were
divided
geographically，5.leading(lead)
to
many
varieties
of
dialects
and
characters.Emperor
Qinshihuang
united
the
seven
major
states
6.into
one
unified
country，making
the
Chinese
writing
system
begin
to
develop
in
one
direction.It
was
of
great
7.importance
(important)in
uniting
the
Chinese
people
and
culture.People
in
modern
times
can
read
the
classic
8.works(work)
written
by
Chinese
in
ancient
times.Nowadays，Chinese
calligraphy
has
become
an
important
part
of
Chinese
culture.As
China
plays
a
greater
role
in
9.global(globe)affairs，a
large
number
of
international
students
are
beginning
to
appreciate
China's
culture
and
history
through
this
10.amazing
(amaze)language.
1课时分层作业(十八)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
I'm
a
strong
believer
that
learning
different
languages
makes
you
look
incredibly
good
when
you're
in
a
foreign
country
and
can
understand
and
speak
the
language.The
list
below
is
4
apps
that
will
help
you
learn
a
foreign
language！You
can
download
them
for
free.
Babbel—Learn
Languages
Babbel
is
an
excellent
language
tool
to
help
you
progress
step
by
step
with
learning
a
new
language.It
helps
you
learn
grammar
along
the
way
as
you
work
your
way
through
the
tasks
and
assignments.You
need
to
pay
a
monthly
subscription(定金)，but
this
will
still
be
cheaper
than
taking
physical
lessons
with
a
tutor!
Duolingo：Learn
Languages
Free
The
app
has
many
languages
to
choose
from
and
will
work
through
the
basics
all
the
way
to
advanced
words
and
sentences.It's
all
completely
free
too！It's
incredibly
well
designed，looks
great
and
will
help
you
learn，remember
and
progress
with
just
a
little
bit
of
time
every
day.
Tandem：Language
Exchange
Rather
than
have
you
work
through
tasks
and
memorize
different
things，the
app
lets
you
match
with
people
who
share
your
interests
but
speak
the
language
you
want
to
learn.You
can
then
have
text，voice
and
video
conversations
with
people
who
want
to
learn
your
native
language，and
in
return
you
learn
theirs，all
by
simply
communicating
with
each
other.It's
a
great
way
to
learn
with
only
$1
a
day.
Learn
English—busuu
This
app
is
perfect
if
you
want
to
learn
English.There
are
all
sorts
of
audio
and
visual
learning
aids.You'll
find
yourself
working
through
interactive
tests
and
learning
tools
for
vocabulary
and
dialogue.
【语篇解读】 本文为应用文，向人们推荐了四款语言学习应用程序。
1．What
is
the
purpose
of
the
passage?
A．Sell
apps
to
language
learners.
B．Introduce
language
learning
apps.
C．Teach
language
learners
to
use
apps.
D．Teach
languages
through
apps.
B [写作意图题。根据第一段最后两句“The
list
below
is
4
apps
that
will
help
you
learn
a
foreign
language！You
can
download
them
for
free.”可知，下面列出的4个应用程序将帮助你学习一门外语。由此可以判断其目的是向人们推荐语言学习应用程序。]
2．Which
app
suits
best
if
you
want
to
learn
through
communication?
A．Babbel—Learn
Languages.
B．Tandem：Language
Exchange.
C．Duolingo：Learn
Languages
Free.
D．Learn
English—busuu.
B [细节理解题。根据Tandem：Language
Exchange中的第二句“You
can
then
have
text，voice
and
video
conversations
with
people
who
want
to
learn
your
native
language，and
in
return
you
learn
theirs，all
by
simply
communicating
with
each
other.”可知，如果你想通过交流学习，Tandem：Language
Exchange最合适。]
3．What
is
Duolingo
different
from
the
other
three
apps?
A．It
is
completely
free
to
use.
B．It
is
specially
for
English
learning.
C．It
is
unsuitable
for
beginners.
D．It
is
the
most
effective
app.
A [细节理解题。根据Duolingo：Learn
Languages
Free中的第一句“The
app
has
many
languages
to
choose
from
and
will
work
through
the
basics
all
the
way
to
advanced
words
and
sentences.It's
all
completely
free
too！”可知，Duolingo与其他三个apps相比，它全部是完全免费的。]
4．What
do
the
apps
have
in
common?
A．They
cover
all
languages.
B．They
focus
on
grammar.
C．They
contain
many
tests.
D．They
are
free
to
download.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“You
can
download
them
for
free.”可知这些应用程序的共同点是可“免费下载”，因此选D项。]
B
Language
learning
begins
with
listening.Children
are
greatly
different
in
the
amount
of
listening
they
do
before
they
start
speaking，and
later
starters
are
often
long
listeners．Most
children
will
“obey”
spoken
instructions
some
time
before
they
can
speak，though
the
word
“obey”
is
hardly
accurate
as
a
description
of
the
eager
and
delighted
cooperation
usually
shown
by
the
child.Before
they
can
speak，many
children
will
also
ask
questions
by
gesture
and
by
making
questioning
noises.
Any
attempt
to
study
the
development
from
the
noises
babies
make
to
their
first
spoken
words
leads
to
considerable
difficulties.It
is
agreed
that
they
enjoy
making
noises，and
that
during
the
first
few
months
one
or
two
noises
sort
themselves
as
particularly
expressive
as
delight，pain，friendliness，and
so
on.But
since
these
can't
be
said
to
show
the
baby's
intention
to
communicate，they
can
hardly
be
regarded
as
early
forms
of
language.It
is
agreed，too，that
from
about
three
months
they
play
with
sounds
for
enjoyment，and
that
by
six
months
they
are
able
to
add
new
words
to
their
store.This
self?imitation(自我模仿)
leads
on
to
deliberate(有意的)
imitation
of
sounds
made
or
words
spoken
to
them
by
other
people.The
problem
then
arises
as
to
the
point
at
which
one
can
say
that
these
imitations
can
be
considered
as
speech.
It
is
a
problem
we
need
to
get
out.The
meaning
of
a
word
depends
on
what
a
particular
person
means
by
it
in
a
particular
situation
and
it
is
clear
that
what
a
child
means
by
a
word
will
change
as
he
gains
more
experience
of
the
world.Thus
the
use
at
seven
months
of
“mama”
as
a
greeting
for
his
mother
cannot
be
dismissed
as
a
meaningless
sound
simply
because
he
also
uses
it
at
other
times
for
his
father，his
dog，or
anything
else
he
likes.Playful
and
meaningless
imitation
of
what
other
people
say
continues
after
the
child
has
begun
to
speak
for
himself，I
doubt，however，whether
anything
is
gained
when
parents
take
advantage
of
this
ability
in
an
attempt
to
teach
new
sounds.
【语篇解读】 本文讲语言学习从听开始，听得越多，讲得越好。婴儿起初的声音不算语言，而是一种情感的表达。但从何时开始算是语言并不重要，因为这个转变是个渐变过程。孩子即使开始讲话，他们始终还是喜欢模仿。
5．The
underlined
sentence
in
Paragraph
1
means
one
can
．
A．be
hard
to
speak
fluently
B．begin
to
speak
quickly
C．start
with
listening
D．often
take
a
long
time
in
learning
to
listen
properly
D [句意理解题。由画线句子可知，开始讲话越晚，学听的时间就越长。]
6．The
underlined
word
“these”
in
Paragraph
2
refers
to
“
”．
A．pain
B．happiness
C．kindness
D．all
of
the
above
D [代词指代题。根据“as
particularly
expressive
as
delight，pain，friendliness，and
so
on”可知答案。]
7．According
to
the
writer，we
can
draw
a
conclusion
that
．
A．children
are
fond
of
imitating
B．parents
can
never
hope
to
teach
their
children
new
sounds
C．children
get
more
experience
of
the
world
without
imitation
D．children's
use
of
words
is
often
meaningless
A [细节理解题。根据文章最后一句的前半句可以推断出，孩子始终喜欢模仿。]
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Look
inside
any
family
home
in
the
evening，and
you
might
see
a
typical
enough
scene：Mom
and
Dad，each
on
their
own
laptop
or
tablet，streaming
movies，catching
up
on
work
or
maybe
answering
emails
on
their
smartphones.Meanwhile，one
child
is
chatting
online
with
one
school
friend
while
texting
another.The
other
is
playing
a
video
game
with
a
friend
on
the
other
side
of
the
city
at
the
same
time.Each
member
of
the
family
is
totally
absorbed
in
his
or
her
own
piece
of
technology.
According
to
some
experts，the
effect
of
technology
on
human
relationships
is
worrying
as
technology
becomes
a
substitute
for
face?to?face
human
relationships.It
appears
to
be
the
case
that
many
people
would
much
rather
spend
time
with
their
electronic
gadgets(电子产品)
than
with
one
another.Young
people
say
it
is
difficult
to
get
their
parents'
attention
and
they
have
to
compete
with
smartphones，tablets
and
other
technology.
However，a
report
from
the
Pew
Internet
and
American
Life
Project
offers
a
more
helpful
and
encouraging
view，suggesting
that
far
from
replacing
human
contact，technology
can
actually
better
family
relationships.Just
over
half
of
the
2，253
people
surveyed
agreed
that
technology
had
enabled
them
to
increase
their
contact
with
distant
family
members
and
47
percent
said
it
had
improved
the
communication
with
the
people
they
lived
with.Moreover，even
the
closest
members
of
families
need
time
away
from
each
other
at
some
point
to
seek
their
own
interests.Family
members
who
might
otherwise
have
sat
in
separate
rooms
can
now
be
in
the
same
one
while
still
occupying
a
different
mental
space.
Look
back
at
our
typical
family
scene
above.Is
it
any
different
from
four
people
reading
their
own
books?Or
is
it
driving
families
apart?Where
technology
will
lead
us
remains
to
be
seen.Yet
there
is
no
need
to
worry.As
a
matter
of
fact，how
it
affects
our
family
relationships
depends
on
our
attitude
toward
technology.
[参考范文]
Nowadays
family
members
are
often
found
lost
in
their
own
electronic
products.(要点1)Some
experts
fear
that
technology
can
affect
family
relationships
for
lack
of
face?to?face
communication.(要点2)However，a
report
has
found
technology
benefits
family
bonds
in
that
it
makes
members
closer
and
provides
private
mental
space
as
well.(要点3)Actually，not
technology
itself
but
people's
attitude
towards
it
influences
family
relations.(要点4)
1课时分层作业(十七)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If
you
have
some
trouble
getting(get)along
with
your
friends，you
can
write
to
them.
2．This
is
important
because
the
more
you
speak
English，the
better(good)your
English
will
become.
3．Struggling
for
our
dreams，as
the
headmaster
addressed
at
the
meeting，offers
us
a
sense
of
responsibility.
4．In
a
way
I
can
see
what
you
mean，even
if
I
don't
share
your
point
of
view.
5．We
have
to
write
a
description(describe)
of
the
street
where
we
live
and
give
it
to
the
teacher
tomorrow.
6．Compared
with/to
natural
disasters，such
as
typhoons，floods
and
earthquakes，humans
are
very
weak.
7．After
a
month
of
training，he
became
equal
to
the
work
as
a
bus
driver.
8．If
you
are
talking
to
someone
senior
to
you，you'd
better
be
polite.
9．She
demanded
to
see(see)
the
headmaster
immediately
to
settle
the
problem.
10．I'd
like
to
read
books
related
(relate)
to
western
culture
and
custom.
Ⅱ.完形填空
How
do
young
people
learn
best?This
is
something
I
think
a
lot
when
I
am
teaching
foreign
languages
to
young
people.I
often
1
that
traditional
teaching
2
are
hardly
effective
for
young
brains
to
learn
a
foreign
language.
After
moving
to
southern
Italy，I
was
3
to
have
had
the
chance
to
run
a
private
course
teaching
English
to
children
under
7.I
4
children
liked
singing
and
enjoyed
games
so
I
wanted
to
use
these
tools
to
help
my
students
5
English
conversation
skills.I
found
some
fun
and
6
songs
online，which
they
loved
very
much.I
also
found
the
English
version
of
some
nursery
rhymes(童谣)
they
once
were
familiar
with.All
of
them
were
very
entertaining
and
helpful
but
7
could
still
not
have
a
basic
conversation
in
English.
I
wanted
these
students
to
be
8
in
the
language
I
was
teaching
and
I
also
wished
them
to
speak
it.I
was
eager
to
deliver
90%
of
my
lessons
in
English.
9
，I
knew
it
would
be
difficult
to
get
them
to
talk
in
a
foreign
language
they
10
speak
outside
our
lessons.So
I
had
to
11
a
simple
yet
effective
plan.
One
day
I
decided
to
prepare
a
dialogue
in
English
and
rather
than
simply
getting
students
to
repeat
the
phrases，I
got
them
to
chant(反复唱)
12
．I
discovered
that
chanting
was
a
practical
way
to
get
students
to
speak
in
English—it
13
！
So
when
teaching
English
to
young
people
now，I
14
them
to
make
up
their
own
chants
to
help
them
remember
15
or
complex
sentences.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是作者在教授英语的过程中，通过让学生自己编歌、唱歌、实现从学习英语转变为说英语。
1．A.suggest
B．know
C．find
D．guess
C [句意：我经常发现，传统的教学方法对年轻人学习外语几乎没有什么效果。]
2．A.materials
B．processes
C．attitudes
D．methods
D [此处指传统的教学方法。teaching
methods教学方法。]
3．A.anxious
B．lucky
C．surprised
D．puzzled
B [此处指作者很幸运，有机会开设了一门私人课程，教7岁以下的孩子学英语。]
4．A.considered
B．realized
C．proved
D．insisted
B [作者意识到孩子们喜欢唱歌和玩游戏。]
5．A.develop
B．practice
C．support
D．increase
A [此处指发展学生的英语会话技巧。]
6．A.global
B．native
C．equal
D．easy
D [此处指作者在网上找到了一些有趣且简单的歌曲。]
7．A.students
B．teachers
C．writers
D．readers
A [句意：它们全部都很有趣，也很有帮助，但是学生们仍然不能用英语进行基本的对话。]
8．A.experienced
B．interested
C．concerned
D．puzzled
B [句意：我希望这些学生对我所教的语言感兴趣……。]
9．A.Besides
B．Therefore
C．However
D．Luckily
C [句意：然而，我知道要让他们用一种他们很少在课堂之外讲的外语进行交流是很困难的。]
10．A.fairly
B．eagerly
C．nearly
D．seldom
D [参见上题解析。]
11．A.come
up
with
B．put
up
with
C．keep
up
with
D．catch
up
with
A [句意：所以我必须想出一个简单而有效的计划。]
12．A.that
B．it
C．one
D．them
D [此处指作者让他们反复唱这些词组。用them指代前边提到的phrases，故选D。]
13．A.mattered
B．valued
C．worked
D．wondered
C [此处指它起作用了。]
14．A.persuade
B．encourage
C．remind
D．command
B [句意：……我鼓励他们编自己反复唱的曲子来帮助他们记住词组或复杂的句子。]
15．A.expressions
B．conversations
C．courses
D．measures
A [参见上题解析。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Many
English
language
learners
believe
that
the
1.
(great)
difficulty
with
listening
comprehension(理解)is
that
the
listener
cannot
control
how
quickly
a
speaker
speaks.They
feel
that
what
the
speaker
says
disappears
2.
they
can
follow.This
frequently
means
that
students
3.
are
learning
to
listen
cannot
keep
up.They
are
so
busy
4.
(work)out
the
meaning
of
one
part
of
what
they
hear
that
they
miss
the
next
part.Or
they
5.
_________(simple)ignore
a
whole
section
because
they
fail
to
catch
it
quickly
enough.Another
difficulty
is
that
the
listener
is
not
always
in
a
position
to
get
the
speaker
to
repeat
what
has
been
said.And，of
course，repeats
cannot
6.
(ask)for
when
listening
to
the
radio
or
watching
TV.
Besides，7.
(choose)of
vocabulary
is
in
the
hands
of
the
speaker，not
the
listener.Very
often，for
people
listening
to
a
foreign
language，an
unknown
word
can
be
like
a
stone
8.
suddenly
drops，making
them
stop
and
think
about
the
meaning
of
the
word，9.
(cause)them
to
miss
the
next
part
of
the
speech.In
listening，it
really
is
a
case
of
“He
who
10.
_______
(stop)to
work
out
the
meaning
is
lost”．
【语篇解读】 本文主要分析了很多同学发现英语学习中听力最困难的具体原因。
1．greatest [听力最大的困难是无法控制说话者的语速。故答案为greatest。]
2．before [他们感觉还没有来得及理解，说话者说的内容就消失了。连词before在这里表示“还没有来得及……就……”。]
3．who/that [根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，关系代词who/that指代先行词students并在从句中作主语，不能省略。]
4．working [be
busy(in)
doing
sth.忙于做某事。]
5．simply [修饰谓语动词ignore作状语要用副词simply。]
6．be
asked [本句主语repeat与动词ask之间为被动关系，所以要使用被动语态。]
7．choice [在句中作主语要用名词choice。]
8．which/that [在句中引导定语从句，指物用which/that。]
9．causing [突然出现的不认识的单词让人错过了讲话的下一部分，结果带来了听力方面的问题。这属于正常的、意料之中的结果，故要用现在分词作状语。]
10．stops [关系代词who指代先行词he在定语从句中作主语，从句的谓语动词stop要与主语he保持一致，所以使用stops。]
1定语从句(Ⅱ)
[观察例句]
1．There
are
many
reasons
why
this
has
been
possible，but
one
of
the
main
factors
has
been
the
Chinese
writing
system.
2．Emperor
Qinshihuang
united
the
seven
major
states
into
one
unified
country
where
the
Chinese
writing
system
began
to
develop
in
one
direction.
3．I
told
my
mum
that
I
wanted
to
give
up，and
that
I
would
never
live
in
a
country
where
German
was
spoken.
4．I
finally
understood
the
reason
why
my
mum
had
encouraged
me
not
to
give
up.
5．Then
I
saw
an
advertisement
that
offered
a
wonderful
summer
course
in
German，and
that
was
the
day
when
I
decided
to
take
on
a
new
language.
6．That
was
a
time
when
the
Chinese
people
were
divided
geographically.
[归纳用法]
一、关系副词的用法
关系副词在引导定语从句时，其功能相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。when，where，why在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。
1．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I
still
remember
the
day
when
I
first
went
to
the
Great
Wall.
我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。
The
day
when
we
get
together
will
come
soon.
我们重聚的日子很快就会来的。
[名师点津]
若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。
Do
you
remember
the
days(which/that)we
spent
together?
你还记得我们一起度过的那些日子吗?(关系词在从句中作spent的宾语)
2．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
The
house
where
I
lived
ten
years
ago
has
been
pulled
down.
我10年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。
He
is
now
working
in
the
factory
where
his
father
worked.
现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。
[名师点津]
若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。
The
school(which/that)we
visited
yesterday
is
newly
built.
我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)
3．why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
The
reason
why
he
succeeded
in
the
exam
is
that
he
studied
very
hard.
他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。
[名师点津]
reason后的定语从句的引导词若在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。
This
is
the
reason(which/that)our
teacher
gave
us
for
doing
it.
这就是我们老师给我们的做此事的理由。(关系代词在从句中作宾语)
He
gave
me
a
reason
that/which
was
reasonable.
他给了我一个合情合理的理由。(关系代词在从句中作主语)
[即学即练1]
用适当的关系词填空
①He
arrived
in
Beijing
on
the
day
when
I
left.
②The
factory
where
his
father
works
is
in
the
east
of
the
city.
③This
is
the
reason
why
he
offered
at
the
meeting.
二、“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”结构引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即介词＋which/whom，并且不能省略。
If
you
have
anything
on
which
you
want
my
opinions，feel
free
to
see
me.
如果你们有什么事需要征求我的意见的话，随时来找我。
I
took
a
photo
of
the
students，among
whom
was
seated
a
teacher.
我给这些学生拍了一张照片，他们中间坐着一位老师。
2．“介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”中介词的选择：一先，二动，三意义。
“一先”，即根据先行词来确定介词。
The
factory
in
which
I'm
working
mainly
produces
computers.
我工作所在的工厂主要生产电脑。
(in
which代替in
the
factory，“在工厂里”用介词in。)
“二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词来确定介词。
In
the
dark
street
there
wasn't
a
single
person
to
whom
she
could
turn
for
help.
在漆黑的街道上她没有一个人可以求助。
(to
whom代替to
a
person；turn
to
sb.for
help“向某人求助”。)
“三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
In
the
office
I
never
seem
to
have
time
until
after
5：30p.m.，by
which
time
many
people
have
gone
home.
在办公室里，我要到下午5：30之后才能有点空闲，到那时，许多人已经回家了。
3．介词前有时加名词、数词等，构成“名词/数词/不定代词＋of
which/whom”结构，在定语从句中作主语。
English
is
a
language
shared
by
several
diverse
cultures，each
of
which
uses
it
differently.
英语是一种多元文化共享的语言，每一种文化使用它的方式各不相同。
I
collected
some
books，the
covers
of
which(＝whose
covers/of
which
the
covers)are
yellow
with
years.
我收藏了一些书，它们的封面因年代久远都变黄了。
4．“复合介词＋which”引导的定语从句，常用逗号与先行词隔开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。
He
lived
in
a
big
house，in
front
of
which
stood
a
big
tall
tree.
他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵大树。
[名师点津] (1)当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配不可分割时，那么该动词短语中的介词不能前置，如listen
to，look
at，look
for，look
into，depend
on，make
use
of，pay
attention
to，take
care
of等。
This
is
the
pen
which
I'm
looking
for.
这是我正在找的那支钢笔。
(2)“介词＋where”和“介词＋which”的用法不同，如：
His
head
soon
appeared
out
of
the
window，from
where
he
saw
nothing
but
trees.
他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。(from
where相当于from
out
of
the
window，而不是from
the
window)
[即学即练2]
单句语法填空
①Scientists
have
come
up
with
many
theories
about
why
humans
cry，none
of
which
has
been
proved.
②The
old
man
has
two
sons，both
of
whom
are
lawyers.
③My
computer，without
which
I
can't
surf
the
Internet，broke
down
yesterday.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
valley
where
the
town
lies
is
very
beautiful.
2．I
will
never
forget
the
days
when
we
stayed
together
in
the
countryside.
3．There
was
a
period
of
time
in
his
childhood
when
he
liked
listening
to
stories
very
much.
4．I
know
the
girl
whom
the
teacher
talked
with
yesterday.
5．She
has
two
sons，both
of
whom
graduated
from
Harvard
University.
6．The
reason
why
he
was
late
was
that
something
was
wrong
with
his
bike
on
the
way.
7．The
house
for
which
he
paid
200，000
yuan
is
now
worth
350，000
yuan.
8．The
man
from
whom
I
got
a
letter
was
my
brother.
9．We
visited
the
car
factory
where
my
uncle
once
worked
three
years
ago.
10．This
is
the
factory
that/which
I
visited
last
year.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
There
was
a
time
1.when
I
was
tired
of
learning
English
and
disliked
to
speak
English.And
this
was
the
reason
2.why
my
father
forced
me
to
join
in
a
30?day
training
in
an
English
club
before
I
went
to
senior
high
school.When
I
first
came
to
the
club，3.where
I
met
many
strangers，I
missed
my
parents
very
much.So
I
packed
up
my
things
and
wanted
to
go
home.Fortunately，my
guide
teacher
4.whose
name
was
Li
Yang.
Communicated
with
me
face
to
face，from
5.which
I
gained
some
useful
instructions.He
also
showed
me
a
good
partner，and
we
got
along
well
with
each
other.Gradually
I
adapted
to
the
life
there.Every
day
I
would
like
to
talk
to
other
teenagers
and
set
down
a
series
of
activities
6.that/which
we
did.My
father
and
the
guide
7.who/that
encouraged
me
to
fall
in
love
with
English
should
be
appreciated.Now
I
feel
it
interesting
to
learn
English，into
8.which
I
put
my
entire
energy.Before
I
go
to
sleep，I
recall
my
passage，through
9.which
I
can
memorize
a
large
number
of
new
words.10.As
our
English
teacher
says，“As
long
as
we
form
the
habit
of
learning
English
every
day
and
have
perseverance，we
will
conquer
English
sooner
or
later.”
1
