1．interact
vi.相互作用,
相互影响→interaction
n．交流；相互影响
2．compare
vt.比较；对照→comparison
n．比较；对比
3．rely
vi.依赖；依靠→reliable
adj.可靠的；可信赖的
4．anger
n．愤怒；怒气
vt.使生气；激怒→angry
adj.生气的；恼火的
5．vary
vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→various
adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety
n．变化；品种；种类
6．approve
vi.赞成；同意
vt.批准；通过→approval
n．赞成；认可→disapprove
v．不赞成
7．differ
vi.相异；不同于→different
adj.不同的；与众不同的→difference
n．差异；区别→differently
adv.不同地
1．contrast
n．差异；对照物
vi.&
vt.形成对照；形成对比
①Today's
work
is
quite
a
contrast
to
what
you
did
yesterday.
n.对照物
②He
contrasted
the
two
different
economic
systems
in
his
speech.
vt.
对照；对比
③This
white
peak
contrasts
finely
with
the
blue
sky.
vi.形成对照；形成对比
2．witness
vt.当场看到；目击；见证
n.
目击者；证人
①She
was
a
witness
of
the
incident.
n.目击者；证人
②No
one
could
witness
that
he
was
present.
vt.见证
③A
carpenter
was
giving
evidence
about
an
accident
he
had
witnessed.
vt.当场看到；目击
3．favour
vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于
n．帮助；恩惠；赞同
①I
hate
asking
favours
of
people.
n.帮助；恩惠
②The
teacher
favours
serious
students.
vt.较喜欢
③Hot
climate
and
plentiful
rainfall
favour
the
growth
of
plants.
vt.有利于
4．anger
n．怒气；愤怒
vt.使生气；激怒
①His
impolite
words
angered
his
teacher.
vt.使生气；激怒
②Though
he
felt
his
anger
mounting,
he
kept
perfect
control
of
himself.
n.怒气；愤怒
Words
And
Phrases
vary
vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
(教材P38)Just
like
spoken
language,
body
language
varies
from
culture
to
culture.
就像口语一样，身体语言也因文化而异。
[例1] The
temperature
varies
from
time
to
time.
温度常常变化。
[例2] The
sword
hardly
varied
in
form
from
the
12th
to
the
15th
century.
剑的样式从12
世纪到15
世纪几乎没有什么改变。
[翻译] 在不同的国家情况稍有不同。
The
situation
varies
slightly
from
country
to
country．
[知识拓展]
(1)vary
in
sth.
在某方面不同
vary
with
sth.
随……而变化
vary
between...and...
由……到……情况不等
(2)variety
n.
变化；种类；多样性
a
variety
of＝varieties
of
许多的；各种各样的
(3)various
adj.
各种各样的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①The
students'
work
varies
considerably
in
quality.
②Prices
vary
with
the
type
of
the
room
you
require.
③Opinions
on
this
matter
vary
greatly
from
person
to
person.
④由于各种原因，我不愿见他。
For
various
reasons,
I'd
prefer
not
to
meet
him.
＝For
a
variety
of
reasons,
I'd
prefer
not
to
meet
him.
＝For
varieties
of
reasons,
I'd
prefer
not
to
meet
him.
approve
vi.赞成；同意
vt.批准；通过
(教材P38)
In
other
countries,
by
contrast,
eye
contact
is
not
always
approved
of.
相比而言，在其他国家，眼神交流并不总是被接受的。
[例1] The
minister
approved
the
building
plan.
部长批准了该建筑计划。
[例2] Her
father
will
never
approve
of
her
marriage
to
you.
他父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。
[翻译] 我非常赞成这些新的测试。
I
very
much
approve
of
these
new
tests．
[知识拓展]
(1)approve
of
赞成；同意
approve
of
sb./sb.'s
(doing)
sth.
同意某人(做)某事
(2)approval
n.
赞成；同意；批准；认可
give
one's
approval
to
批准某人……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①She
doesn't
approve
of
our
decision.
②I
approve
of
your
trying
(try)
to
earn
some
money,
but
please
don't
neglect
your
studies.
③Hope
the
arrangements
meet
with
your
approval
(approve)．
[小片段填空]
I
don't
need
approval
all
the
time.If
someone
does
not
approve
of
me,
I
will
still
be
okay.
我不总是需要别人的认同，如果有人不认同我，我还是会觉得没事。
witness
vt.当场看到；目击；见证
n．目击者；证人
(教材P38)In
Japan,
someone
who
witnesses
another
person
employing
the
gesture
might
think
it
means
money.
在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。
[例1] A
witness
was
examined
by
him
in
a
court
of
law.
他在法庭上质问一个证人。
[例2] He
gave
witness
on
behalf
of
an
accused
person.
他为被告作证。
[翻译] 这些事实证明了他的粗心。
These
facts
are
a
witness
to
his
carelessness．
[知识拓展]
(1)witness
sth.
目击了某事
witness
to
(doing)
sth.
证实，证明(做)某事
witness
for
为……作证
(2)be
a
witness
to
sth.
是某事的证据/证人
bear/give
witness
to
做……的证人；为……作证
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He
made
a
very
poor
witness
for
himself.
②His
good
health
is
a
witness
to
the
success
of
the
treatment.
③司机作证说，他看到此人进入那栋大楼。
The
driver
witnessed
to
having
seen
the
man
enter
the
building.
[小片段填空]
The
witness
who
witnessed
the
incident
gave
witness
to
the
police
and
promised
to
be
a
witness．
这个目击了这起事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应作证人。
[图形助记]
differ
vi.不同于；相异
(教材P38)Even
the
gestures
we
use
for
“yes”
and
“no”
differ
around
the
world.
甚至我们用作“是”和“不”的手势也因地而异。
[例1] Japanese
differs
greatly
from
French
in
pronunciation.
日语发音和法语大不相同。
[例2] Conditions
of
employment
differ
according
to
the
type
of
company
you
are
working
for.
雇佣条件因供职公司的不同而有差异。
[翻译] 这些模型的大小和形状都不一样。
The
models
differ
in
size
and
shape.
[知识拓展]
(1)differ
from...
与……不同/有区别
differ
in...
在……方面不同
differ
with
sb.on/about/over
sth.
与某人在某事上持不同(看法)
(2)different
adj.
不同的
be
different
from...
与……不同
(3)difference
n.
不同，差别
make
a
difference
(to...)
(对……)有作用或影响
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Worried
about
my
health,
I
tried
many
different(differ)
kinds
of
diets
but
nothing
worked.
②There're
many
differences(differ)
between
British
English
and
American
English.
③在日常生活中，每个人都会时不时地失败，但你如何做出反应却有很大影响。
In
our
daily
life,
everyone
fails
every
now
and
then.But
it
is
how
you
react
that
makes
a
big
difference．
④很显然，这对双胞胎在性格方面不一样。
Apparently,
the
twins
differ
from
each
other
in
character．
[小片段填空]
Learners
with
different
cultural
backgrounds
differ
a
lot
in
their
thinking
patterns
and
learning
styles.The
difference
can
be
investigated
and
explained.
不同文化背景的学习者在思维模式和学习风格上有很大的不同。这种差异可以被研究和解释。
favour
vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于
n．帮助；恩惠；赞同
(教材P38)Elsewhere,
people
favour
shaking
hands,
bowing
from
the
waist,
or
nodding
the
head
when
they
meet
someone
else.
在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
[例1] A
mother
shouldn't
show
too
much
favour
to
one
of
her
children.
母亲不应该对一个孩子表现出过多的宠爱。
[例2] I
must
decline
to
show
favour
to
any
of
the
candidates.
我必须拒绝偏袒任何一位候选人。
[翻译] 这风便于他们在黎明时航行。
The
wind
favoured
their
sailing
at
dawn.
[知识拓展]
do
sb.a
favour＝do
a
favour
for
sb.
帮某人的忙
in
favour
of...
支持……
ask
sb.for
a
favour＝ask
a
favour
of
sb.
请求某人帮忙
in
one's
favour
对某人有利
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Most
of
them
were
in
favour
of
my
opinion
while
David
was
against
it.
②The
exchange
rate
is
in
our
favour
for
the
time
being.
③今天你能帮我个忙去学校接山姆吗？
Could
you
do
me
a
favour
and
pick
up
Sam
from
school
today?
＝Could
you
do
a
favour
for
me
and
pick
up
Sam
from
school
today?
④我想请你帮忙，你能把你的电话借给我吗？
I
want
to
ask
a
favour
of
you;
will
you
lend
me
your
cellphone?
＝I
want
to
ask
you
for
a
favour；will
you
lend
me
your
cellphone?
[图形助记]
break
down消除；分解；打破
(教材P39)
A
smile
can
break
down
barriers.
微笑可以打破障碍。
[例1] Our
car
broke
down
and
we
had
to
draw
it
to
a
garage.
我们的车坏了,
不得不把它拖到修车厂去。
[例2] By
then
the
gate
was
being
broken
down.
那时候大门快要被砸开了。
[翻译] 为了很快地进入着火的房子,
消防队员拆了那面墙。
The
firemen
broke
down
the
wall
in
order
to
gain
quick
access
to
the
building
on
fire.
[知识拓展]
break
away
from
脱离；摆脱；挣脱；打破陈规
break
in
闯入；强行进入
break
out
突然发生；爆发(不用于被动语态)
break
up
打碎；分裂；解体；解散
[即学即练]——完成句子
①他的车在路上出故障了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。
His
car
broke
down
on
the
way,
and
that
was
why
he
was
late
for
the
meeting.
②这个女孩挣脱她妈妈，跑了。
The
girl
broke
away
from
her
mother
and
ran
away.
③这个乐队大约在1970年解散，但是令人高兴的是，到了20世纪80年代中期他们再次相聚。
The
band
broke
up
about
1970,
but
happily
they
reunited
in
the
mid?1980s.
④在这一地区总有意想不到的事情发生。
Something
unexpected
always
breaks
out
in
this
area.
reliable
adj.可信赖的；可靠的
(教材P39)
Which
is
a
more
reliable
guide
for
understanding
someone's
feelings:
their
body
language
or
the
words
they
speak?
哪一种方式更能帮助我们理解别人的感受：是肢体语言还是他们说的语言？
[例1] It
has
a
highly
reliable
control
system.
它具备一套极可靠的控制系统。
[例2] He's
a
good
musician
and
totally
reliable.
他是个出色的音乐家，而且非常可靠。
[翻译] 那个年轻人诚实，且有合作精神，当你需要他帮忙的时候，他总是在那儿。简言之，他很可靠。
The
young
man
is
honest,
cooperative,
and
is
always
there
when
you
need
his
help.In
short,
he's
reliable．
[知识拓展]
(1)a
reliable
friend
可靠的朋友
be
reliable
as
作为……是可靠的
(2)rely
v.
信任；信赖；依赖；依靠
rely
on/upon
依靠；依赖
rely
on
it
that...
相信
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①This
statement
is
not
reliable
as
evidence.
②It
would
be
better
to
rely
on
ourselves
than
on
others.
③You
may
rely
on
it
that
he
will
help
you.
[小片段填空]
The
land,
the
essential
means
of
production,
is
the
most
reliable
living
security
that
the
peasants
can
rely
on．
土地作为基本的生产资料，是农民可以依赖的最可靠的生活保障。
Sentence
Patterns
不定式短语作后置定语
(教材P38)For
example,
making
eye
contact—looking
into
someone's
eyes—in
some
countries
is
a
way
to
display
interest.
例如，在一些国家，进行眼神交流——直视某人的眼睛——是表现出兴趣的一种方式。
句式分析：不定式短语to
display
interest作后置定语，修饰a
way。
[例1] The
meetings
were
a
way
to
get
acquainted
with
each
other.
这些会议是一种相互结交的途径。
[例2] The
best
way
to
deal
with
a
tease
is
to
ignore
him.
对付爱捉弄人的人的最佳方法就是不搭理他。
[翻译] 多锻炼是保持健康的好方法。
It's
a
good
way
to
keep
fit
with
more
exercise.
[知识拓展]
(1)在the
first,
the
second,
the
last,
the
next,
the
only等词和形容词最高级后或在被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
(2)在time,
way,
chance,
ability,
promise等抽象名词后，常用不定式作定语。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
chance
to
go
(go)
for
a
picnic
has
been
ruined.
②He
is
the
only
man
to
know
(know)
the
truth.
③最好的旅行方式是坐高铁。
The
best
way
to
travel
is
to
take
a
high?speed
train.
④他总是第一个来，最后一个走。
He
is
always
the
first
to
come
and
the
last
to
leave．
when
doing...
(教材P38)In
Japan,
it
may
demonstrate
respect
to
look
down
when
talking
to
an
older
person.
在日本，当你和年长的人说话时，低头可能是对长辈的尊重。
句式分析：句中when
talking
to
an
older
person是一个省略句，补全后为：when
you
are
talking
to
an
older
person。
[例1] When
seeing
the
naughty
child,
the
teacher
sympathized
to
his
mother.
当看到那个淘气的孩子时,
老师对他的母亲表示很同情。
[例2] I
kept
a
diary
every
day
while
(I
was)
travelling.
在那次旅行期间，我每天都写日记。
[翻译] 他看到两只老鼠，几乎给吓丢了魂。
He
nearly
jumped
out
of
his
skin
when
seeing
two
rats．
[知识拓展]
当when，while，before，after，unless，as
if，if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①He
won't
come
unless
invited(invite)．
②While
playing
(play)
with
his
children
outdoors,
the
father
felt
very
happy.
③If
you
are
accepted
for
the
job,
you'll
be
informed
soon.＝If
accepted
for
the
job,
you'll
be
informed
soon.
如果你被录用干这份工作的话，你会很快被通知到的。
比较级的否定形式表示最高级含义
(教材P39)And
if
we
are
feeling
down
or
lonely,
there
is
nothing
better
than
seeing
the
smiling
face
of
a
good
friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
句式分析：句中nothing
better
than是比较级的否定形式表示最高级的含义。
[例1] Personally,
she
would
like
nothing
better
than
to
accept
this
invitation.
就她个人来说，她巴不得接受这次邀请。
[例2] Peter
likes
nothing
better
than
going
to
the
coast
and
messing
about
in
his
boat.
彼得最喜欢去海边，毫无目的地让船在海中漂荡。
[翻译] 在夏季炎热的下午，我想不出什么东西比一杯冰凉可口的啤酒更好。
I
can
think
of
nothing
better
than
a
nice
cold
beer
on
a
hot
summer
afternoon.
[知识拓展]
最高级意义的多种表达法：
(1)否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than)
(2)否定词＋so/as
＋形容词/副词原级＋as
(3)比较级＋
than＋
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①I
have
never
spent
a
more
worrying(worrying)
day.
②Tom
is
more
intelligent(intelligent)
than
any
other
student/all
the
other
students
in
his
class.
③再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。
No
other
book
has
had
a
greater
effect
on
my
life.
④多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。
What
a
wonderful
novel!
I
have
never
read
a
more
moving
one．
⑤李洋在班里学习最努力。
Li
Yang
studies
harder
than
anyone
else
in
his
class．
1．The
crucial
thing
is
using
body
language
in
a
way
that
is
appropriate
to
the
culture
you
are
in.
[分析] 本句为复合句。动词?ing形式using
body
language
作表语，that
is
appropriate
to
the
culture
you
are
in
为that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a
way；其中you
are
in是省略了that的又一个定语从句，修饰先行词the
culture。
[译文] 最重要的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。
2．There
are
also
differences
in
how
we
touch
each
other,
how
close
we
stand
to
someone
we
are
talking
to,
and
how
we
act
when
we
meet
or
part.
[分析] 本句为复合句。连词and连接三个how引导的宾语从句，其中we
are
talking
to是省略了关系代词whom的定语从句，修饰先行词someone，when
we
meet
or
part为时间状语从句。
[译文] 我们彼此接触的方式、我们与谈话对象的距离以及我们见面或分手时的行为也存在差异。
教材
高考
Just
like
spoken
language,
body
language
varies
from
culture
to
culture.
(2019·北京卷)Ocean
colour
varies
from
green
to
blue,
depending
on
the
type
and
concentration
of
phytoplankton.
For
example,
making
eye
contact—looking
into
someone's
eyes—in
some
countries
is
a
way
to
display
interest.
(2019·北京卷)Most
people
believe
the
best
way
to
build
a
great
team
is
to
gather
a
group
of
the
most
talented
individuals.
In
Japan,
it
may
demonstrate
respect
to
look
down
when
talking
to
an
older
person.
(2019·天津卷)
Amy,
as
well
as
her
brothers,
was
given
a
warm
welcome
when
returning
to
the
village
last
week.
Elsewhere,
people
favour
shaking
hands,
bowing
from
the
waist,
or
nodding
the
head
when
they
meet
someone
else.
(2019·天津卷)Opportunity
favors
those
with
a
curious
mind.
Which
is
a
more
reliable
guide
for
understanding
someone's
feelings:
their
body
language
or
the
words
they
speak？
(2019·北京卷)Some
students
don't
have
a
reliable
car,
while
others
have
to
share
vehicles
with
parents
who
work
six
days
a
week.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We
will
meet
with
quantities
of
people,
varying
(vary)
from
the
old
to
the
young.
2．The
company
gave
its
approval
(approve)
to
his
application.
3．The
junior
clerk
was
alarmed
when
he
witnessed
(witness)
the
robbery
in
his
office.
4．From
the
appearance,
we
can
not
tell
the
difference(differ)
between
the
twins.
5．He
stood
there
in
favour
of
his
father.
6．The
first
paper
to
hand
(hand)
in
would
be
from
Group
4.
7．She
sang
very
well.I've
never
heard
a
more
beautiful
(beautiful)
voice.
8．Informal
interaction(interact)
among
employees
is
seen
as
part
of
the
ongoing
training
process.
9．Their
objective
was
to
demonstrate(demonstrate)
peacefully
for
civil
rights.
10．Many
graduates
are
employed(employ)
in
the
electronics
and
computing
industries
now.
Ⅱ.短语填空
by
contrast,
approve
of,
break
down,
get
through,
feel
down
1．Her
health
broke
down
under
the
preasure
of
work.
2．By
contrast,
he
was
much
more
frank.
3．“Maybe
I
could，”
said
Carrie,
glad
that
someone
approved
of
the
idea.
4．The
passage
is
too
narrow
for
cars
to
get
through．
5．When
I
told
her
what
happened
she
felt
down．
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
As
we
all
know,
we
can
learn
a
lot
about
others'
feelings
and
thoughts
by
watching
1.their(they)
body
language.In
fact,
body
language
2.varies(vary)
from
culture
to
culture,
so
the
crucial
thing
3.is(be)
using
body
language
in
a
way
4.that
is
appropriate
to
the
culture
you
are
in.In
different
5.cultures(culture),
the
gesture
for
“OK”
has
6.different(differ)
meanings.For
example,
in
Japan,
this
gesture
means
money.Even
the
gestures
we
use
7.for
“yes”
and
“no”
differ
around
the
world.Besides,
there
are
some
gestures
with
8.the
same
meaning
everywhere.For
example,
9.moving(move)
hand
in
circles
over
the
stomach
after
a
meal
means
“I
am
full”．Some
body
language
has
many
different
uses
and
perhaps
10.the
best(good)
example
is
smiling.
1课时分层作业(十二)
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Sometimes
people
add
to
what
they
say
even
when
they
don't
talk.Gestures
are
the
“silent
language”
of
every
culture.We
point
a
finger
or
move
another
part
of
the
body
to
show
what
we
want
to
say.It
is
important
to
know
the
body
language
of
every
country
or
we
may
be
misunderstood.
In
the
USA，people
greet
each
other
with
a
handshake
in
a
formal
introduction.The
handshake
must
be
firm.If
the
handshake
is
weak，it
is
a
sign
of
weakness
or
unfriendliness.Friends
may
place
a
hand
on
the
other's
arm
or
shoulder.Some
people，usually
women，greet
a
friend
with
a
hug.
Space
is
important
to
Americans.When
two
people
talk
to
each
other，they
usually
stand
about
two
and
a
half
feet
away
and
at
an
angle
(角度)，so
they
are
not
facing
each
other
directly.Americans
get
uncomfortable
when
a
person
stands
too
close.They
will
move
back
to
have
their
space.If
Americans
touch
another
person
by
accident，they
say，“Pardon
me”
or
“Excuse
me”．Americans
like
to
look
at
the
other
person
in
the
eyes
when
they
are
talking.If
you
don't
do
so，it
means
you
are
bored，hiding
something，or
are
not
interested.But
when
you
stare
at
someone，it
is
not
polite.
For
Americans，thumbs
up
means
yes，very
good，or
well
done.Thumbs
down
means
the
opposite.To
call
a
waiter，raise
one
hand
to
head
level
or
above.To
show
you
want
the
check，make
a
movement
with
your
hands
as
if
you
are
signing
a
piece
of
paper.It
is
all
right
to
point
at
things
but
not
at
people
with
the
hand
and
index
finger(食指)．Americans
shake
their
index
finger
at
children
when
they
scold
them
and
pat
them
on
the
head
when
they
admire
them.
Learning
a
culture's
body
language
is
sometimes
confusing.If
you
don't
know
what
to
do，the
safest
thing
to
do
is
to
smile.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了学习身势语在跨文化交流中的重要性。
1．If
you
are
introduced
to
a
stranger
in
the
USA，you
should
．
A．greet
him
with
a
hug
B．place
a
hand
on
his
shoulder
C．shake
his
hand
firmly
D．shake
his
hand
weakly
C [细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知，在美国，当相互介绍的时候，与对方握手要用力，否则会被视为不友好，故C项最佳。]
2．Which
behavior
is
acceptable
when
people
talk
to
each
other
in
the
USA?
A．Facing
each
other
directly.
B．Touching
each
other.
C．Not
looking
at
the
other
person
in
the
eyes.
D．Not
standing
too
close.
D [细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句可知，美国人谈话时不会离得太近。由第三段内容可知其他三项即“直面对方、互相触摸以及眼睛不看对方”都不是恰当的行为。]
3．When
your
American
friend
gives
you
a
thumbs?up，he
may
．
A．express
his
satisfaction
with
you
B．show
his
anger
at
you
C．show
his
rudeness
to
you
D．express
his
worries
about
you
A [细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句可知，对美国人来说，竖起拇指意味着“干得很好”，拇指朝下表达意思相反。]
B
Amy
Cuddy，a
Harvard
psychologist，has
devoted
her
studies
to
the
influence
body
language
that
has
on
your
confidence...and
finally，success.Her
biggest
findings
center
on
the
powerful
effects
of
positive
body
language.Positive
body
language
includes
things
like
proper
eye
contact，active
listening，and
gestures
that
show
the
message
you're
trying
to
express.Studies
show
that
people
who
use
positive
body
language
are
more
likable
(讨人喜欢的)，persuasive，and
emotionally
intelligent.Here's
how
it
works：
Positive
body
language
changes
your
attitude.Cuddy
found
that
consciously
(有意识地)
changing
your
body
language
to
make
it
more
positive
improves
your
attitude
because
it
has
a
powerful
influence
on
your
body.
It
makes
you
more
likable.In
a
Tufts
University
study，people
watched
soundless
videos
of
doctors
interacting
with
their
patients.Just
by
observing
the
doctors'
body
language，people
were
able
to
guess
which
doctors
ended
up
getting
complained
by
their
patients.Body
language
plays
a
big
role
in
how
you're
viewed
and
can
be
more
important
than
your
voice
or
even
what
you
say.Learning
to
use
positive
body
language
will
make
people
like
you
and
trust
you
more.
It
improves
your
emotional
intelligence.Your
ability
to
effectively
communicate
your
emotions
and
ideas
is
central
to
your
emotional
intelligence.People
whose
body
language
is
negative
have
a
destructive
effect
on
those
around
them.Working
to
improve
your
body
language
has
a
great
effect
on
your
emotional
intelligence.
We
often
think
of
body
language
as
the
result
of
our
attitude
or
how
we
feel.This
is
true，but
psychologists
have
also
shown
that
the
opposite
is
true：changing
your
body
language
changes
your
attitude.
Have
you
felt
the
influence
from
changing
your
body
language?
Please
click
the
link
below
to
turn
to
the
comments
page
and
share
your
thoughts
there，so
I
can
learn
just
as
much
from
you
as
you
do
from
me.
【语篇解读】 肢体语言通常被认为是我们观点和感受的表达，但反过来，肢体语言的正确表达也可以改变我们的观点和感受，使我们更受欢迎。
4．What
is
Cuddy's
biggest
finding?
A．Soundless
videos
are
good
for
observing
body
language.
B．Positive
body
language
makes
people
become
smarter.
C．Positive
body
language
brings
people
many
benefits.
D．People's
emotions
greatly
affect
their
body
language.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Cuddy的研究发现肢体语言，尤其是积极的肢体语言带给人们很多益处。]
5．Why
does
developing
positive
body
language
improve
one's
attitude?
A．It
affects
one's
body
greatly.
B．It
decides
how
one
is
viewed.
C．It
makes
one
more
reliable.
D．It
makes
one
more
emotionally
intelligent.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“because
it
has
a
powerful
influence
on
your
body”可知原因。]
6．The
underlined
word
“interacting”
in
Paragraph
3
can
be
replaced
by
“
”．
A．playing
B．communicating
C．fighting
D．arguing
B [词义猜测题。根据上下文可以看出，医生跟病人之间有很多肢体语言的互动，所以他们应该是在交流。]
7．What
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage?
A．Emotional
improvement
totally
depends
on
body
language.
B．The
author
thinks
it
useless
to
change
one's
body
language.
C．People
with
positive
body
language
are
probably
more
successful.
D．Changing
body
language
is
widely
known
to
change
one's
attitude.
C [推理判断题。根据第一段得知Cuddy研究的重点就是积极的肢体语言对诸如自信与成功的影响，后文又提到积极的肢体语言会使人更受喜欢和值得信赖，使人情商更高。故推断，积极的肢体语言有助于成功。]
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
In
2002，an
Australian
man
went
to
his
friend's
21st
birthday
party.He
got
drunk，fell
off
some
steps
and
cut
his
lip.He
took
a
picture
of
his
injuries
and
shared
it
with
his
friends
online.“And
sorry
about
the
focus，”
he
wrote，“it
was
a
selfie(自拍)．”
That
was
the
first
recorded
use
of
the
word
“selfie”，according
to
some
experts
at
Oxford
Dictionaries.
Oxford
Dictionaries
declared
“selfie”．In
recent
years，the
act
of
taking
a
picture
of
oneself
with
a
mobile
phone，placing
the
subject
center?stage，has
won
great
popularity
with
everyone
from
Britain's
Queen
Elizabeth
Ⅱ
to
former
U．S.President
Barack
Obama
joining
in.
But
the
rise
of
selfie
photography
in
some
of
the
world's
most
beautiful
and
dangerous
places
has
also
inspired
a
lot
of
risk?taking
behavior，such
as
hanging
from
a
tall
building，standing
in
front
of
a
rushing
train
and
crossing
a
busy
street.People
who
get
addicted
will
never
stop
taking
selfies，completely
ignoring
where
they
are.In
fact，there
have
been
several
reports
about
people
losing
their
lives
while
taking
selfies.Several
governments
have
now
begun
treating
selfie
as
a
serious
threat
to
safety，warning
visitors
to
pay
attention
to
the
dangers
when
taking
selfies.
“Walt
Disney
World
is
also
banning
selfie?sticks
from
its
theme
parks
because
selfie?sticks
have
become
a
growing
safety
concern
for
our
guests，”
Disney
World
spokeswoman
Kim
Prunty
said.Under
the
new
policy，guests
will
be
checked
for
the
equipment
during
the
routine
bag
check
that
happens
near
the
parks'
entrances.
【参考范文】
The
word
“selfie”
was
first
used
by
an
Australian
man
in
2002.Today，more
and
more
people
are
crazy
about
taking
selfies，including
some
famous
people.But
the
popularity
of
selfie
has
caused
some
safety
problems，as
a
result
of
which，some
governments
show
great
concern
about
visitors'
safety.Walt
Disney
also
doesn't
allow
visitors
to
use
selfie?sticks
in
its
theme
parks.
5速读课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．We
can
learn
others'
feelings
from
their
body
language.
A．Right. B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
2．In
Japan
eye
contact
can
show
respect
for
others.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．The
gesture
for
“OK”
is
very
popular
in
Brazil.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．In
Bulgaria
nodding
one's
head
means
“yes”．
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．Moving
hands
in
circles
over
the
stomach
means
“I
am
full”．
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 ABBBA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．making
eye
contact
B．talking
to
an
older
person
C．watching
their
body
language
D．moving
your
hand
in
circles
over
your
stomach
E．encountering
an
identical
gesture
F．making
the
gesture
for
“OK”
in
Brazil
and
Germany
1．We
can
learn
a
lot
about
what
people
are
thinking
by
．
2．For
example,
—looking
into
someone's
eyes—in
some
countries
is
a
way
to
display
interest.
3．In
Japan,
it
may
demonstrate
respect
to
look
down
when
．
4．In
France,
a
person
may
interpret
it
as
meaning
zero.
5．However,
you
should
avoid
,
as
it
is
not
considered
polite.
6．A
good
way
of
saying
“I
am
full”
is
after
a
meal.
[答案] 1－6 CABEFD
Ⅲ.表格填空
LISTENING
TO
HOW
BODIES
TALK
The
general
introduction
Both
words
and
body
language
are
used
to
1.express
thoughts
and
opinions.We
can
learn
a
lot
about
others'
thoughts
by
watching
2.their
body
language.
The
body
language
in
different
cultures
Body
language
3.varies
from
culture
to
culture.The
crucial
thing
is
using
body
language
in
a
way
that
is
4.appropriate
to
the
culture
you
are
in.
The
gesture
for
“OK”
It
has
different
meanings
in
different
cultures.In
Japan
it
means
5.money．In
France,
it
means
zero.However,
it
is
not
considered
6.polite
in
Brazil
and
Germany.
The
gestures
for
“yes”
and
“no”
In
general,
shaking
one's
head
means
“no”,
and
nodding
means
“yes”．But
in
Bulgaria
and
southern
Albania,
they
have
the
7.opposite
meaning.
The
gestures
with
the
same
meaning
Placing
your
hands
together
and
resting
them
on
the
side
of
your
head
while
closing
your
eyes
means
“sleep”．Moving
your
hand
8.in
circles
over
your
stomach
after
a
meal
means
“I
am
full”.
The
body
language
with
different
uses
A
smile
can
help
us
9.get
through
difficult
situations,
find
friends
in
a
world
of
strangers,
and
10.break
down
barriers.We
can
use
a
smile
to
apologise,
to
greet
someone,
to
ask
for
help,
or
to
start
a
conversation.
细读课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para.1
A．Body
language
varies
in
different
cultures.
2．Para.2
B．Body
language
can
show
our
feelings.
3．Para.3
C．The
gestures
for
“yes”
and
“no”
are
different.
4．Para.4
D．The
different
meanings
of
“OK”．
5．Para.5
E．Smiling
has
many
different
uses.
6．Para.6
F．Some
gestures
with
the
same
meaning.
[答案] 1－6 BADCFE
Ⅱ.阅读
1．In
which
country
do
people
disprove
of
eye
contact?
A．In
America.
B．In
Japan.
C．In
many
Middle
Eastern
countries.
D．In
many
Asian
countries.
2．What
does
the
gesture
for
“OK”
mean
in
Japan?
A．Money.
B．Zero.
C．Politeness.
D．Respect.
3．What
do
people
in
Russia
usually
do
when
meeting
friends?
A．Bow
from
the
waist.
B．Kiss
them
on
the
cheek.
C．Shake
hands.
D．Nod
the
head.
4．Which
of
the
following
has
many
different
uses?
A．Moving
hands.
B．Holding
arms.
C．Crying.
D．Smiling.
[答案] 1－4 CABD
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能
概要写作微技能(二)——查找主题句并删除细节
找出文中每段的主题句，保留主体部分，删除细节
Para.1：We
use
both
words
and
body
language
to
express
our
thoughts
and
opinions
in
our
interactions
with
other
people.→保留主体部分，删除细节后为：Words
and
body
language
are
used
to
express
thoughts
and
opinions.
Para.2：Just
like
spoken
language,
body
language
varies
from
culture
to
culture.→保留主体部分，删除细节后为：Body
language
varies
from
culture
to
culture.
Para.3：The
gesture
for
“OK”
has
different
meanings
in
different
cultures.→保留主体部分，删除细节后为：The
“OK”
gesture
has
different
meanings.
Para.4：Even
the
gestures
we
use
for
“yes”
and
“no”
differ
around
the
world.→保留主体部分，删除细节后为：The
gestures
for
“yes”
and
“no”
differ.
Para.5：Some
gestures
seem
to
have
the
same
meaning
everywhere.
→保留主体部分，删除细节后为：Some
gestures
have
the
same
meaning.
Para.6：Some
body
language
has
many
different
uses.Perhaps
the
best
example
is
smiling.→保留主体部分，删除细节后为：Smiling
has
many
different
uses.
1阅读Reading
for
writing中的材料，选择最佳答案
1．How
does
the
writer
know
what
is
going
on
in
the
students'
minds?
A．By
asking
them
questions.
B．By
having
one?on?one
conversations.
C．By
watching
their
body
language.
D．By
learning
about
their
habits.
2．How
did
the
students
feel
when
they
lean
forward
and
look
at
the
writer?
A．Confused.
B．Interested.
C．Surprised.
D．Bored.
3．What
do
students
usually
do
when
they
are
worried?
A．Have
their
arms
crossed.
B．Have
their
legs
closed.
C．Wear
a
frown.
D．Brush
their
hair.
[答案] 1－3 CBC
Words
And
Phrases
assessment
n.
评价；评定
(教材P40)We
make
assessments
and
inferences
from
body
language.
我们从肢体语言进行评估和推断。
[例1] What
is
your
assessment
of
the
situation?
你对时局的看法如何？
[例2] There
is
little
assessment
of
the
damage
to
the
natural
environment.
几乎没对自然环境破坏程度作出评估。
[翻译] 这是对失败原因的分析评估。
This
was
an
assessment
of
the
reasons
for
the
failure.
[知识拓展]
assess
vt.
评估；评定
assess
sth.at
评估某物(多少钱)
be
assessed
as...
被评定为……
assess＋从句
评定；估定
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①After
the
flood,
they
assessed
the
loss
at
10
million
yuan.
②Many
of
the
adults
were
assessed
(assess)
as
having
learning
difficulties.
③The
government
will
make
a
strict
assessment
(assess)
of
the
food
safety.
[小片段填空]
We
have
also
found
that
a
team
doing
its
own
self
assessment,
rather
than
being
assessed
by
those
outside
the
team,
is
highly
effective.
我们还发现进行自我评估的，而不是接受团队外的人评估的团队是十分高效的。
in
other
words换句话说；也就是说
(教材P43)In
other
words...换句话说……
[例1] In
other
words,
she
must
give
up
singing.
换言之,
她必须放弃唱歌。
[例2] In
other
words,
the
ice
begins
to
melt.
换句话说,
冰开始融化了。
[翻译] 换句话说,
他成了一位伟大的英雄。
He
became,
in
other
words,
a
great
hero.
[知识拓展]
in
a/one
word
总而言之
have
a
word
with
sb.
与某人说(私)话
have
words
with
sb.
与某人吵架
keep/break
one's
word
遵守诺言/失信
beyond
words
无法用言语表达
in
words
用语言
word
came
that...
有消息说……
[即学即练]——完成句子
①总之，成功很重要，失败也很重要，因为它是成功之母。
In
a/one
word,
success
is
important,
and
so
is
failure,
because
it's
the
mother
of
success.
②有消息说中国女足在世界杯比赛中获得第二名。
Word
came
that
the
Chinese
Women
Football
Team
won
the
second
prize
in
World
Cup.
③我无法用言语来表达我的情感。
I
can't
convey
my
feelings
in
words．
[小片段填空]
He
is
such
a
man
that
he
can't
always
keep
his
word,
in
other
words,
he
always
breaks
his
word,
because
of
which
his
friends
often
have
words
with
him.
他是这样的一个人，总是不能遵守诺言。换句话说，他总是食言，正是因为如此，他的朋友们经常和他吵架。
[名师点津]
(1)与in
other
words意思相同的表达有：namely,
that
is,
that
is
to
say,
in
another
word。
(2)word表示言辞、语言时通常用复数words；表示新闻、消息时是不可数名词。
occupy
vt.占据；占用
(教材P44)With
their
chins
on
their
hands,
they
occupy
themselves
by
staring
out
of
the
window
or
up
at
the
ceiling.
双手托着下巴，他们专心于盯着窗外或天花板。
[例1] Mr.White
occupies
an
important
position
in
the
Ministry
of
Education.
怀特先生在教育部里担任要职。
[例2] He
occupied
himself
in
collecting
stamps.
他忙于集邮。
[翻译] 她一有空就在花园里。
The
garden
occupies
her
spare
time．
[知识拓展]
(1)be
occupied
in
doing
sth./with
sth.忙于做某事
occupy
oneself
with
sth./in
doing
sth.
忙于某事；专心于某事
keep
sb.occupied
使某人忙碌
(2)occupation
n.
占用；职业
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Occupied
with
his
homework,
he
can't
go
out
to
play
football.
②She
needs
things
to
keep
her
occupied(occupy)
so
she
doesn't
get
into
trouble.
③我进来时，那个男孩正忙着做作业。
When
I
came
in,
the
boy
was
occupied
(in)
doing
his
homework.＝When
I
came
in,
the
boy
was
occupied
with
his
homework.
[小片段填空]
When
the
enemy
occupied
the
city,
the
scientist
was
occupying
himself
in
doing
his
research.In
fact,
he
had
been
occupied
with
the
research
for
many
days.
当敌人占领这座城市时，这位科学家正忙于做他的研究。事实上，他专心于这项研究已经有好几天了。
distinguish
vi.&
vt.区分；区别；辨别
(教材P44)While
it
is
easy
to
perceive
when
students
are
interested,
bored,
or
distracted,
it
is
sometimes
much
harder
to
distinguish
when
students
are
troubled.
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
[例1] We
can
distinguish
between
gold
and
silver.
我们能区分金和银。
[例2] He
distinguished
himself
in
physics.
他在物理方面享有盛名。
[翻译] 这种成年鸟很容易根据橘黄色的喙识别出来。
The
adult
bird
can
be
easily
distinguished
by
its
orange
bill.
[知识拓展]
(1)distinguish
between...and...
区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from...
使……有别于……的特征；区别/辨
别……和……
distinguish
oneself
by...
通过……显示自己或使自己扬名
distinguish
oneself
(as...)
(作为……)表现突出
(2)distinguished
adj.
卓越的；著名的；杰出的
be
distinguished
for...
因……而出名
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①My
brother
is
a
most
distinguished(distinguish)
man—a
great
actor.
②她以清晰地表达她的思想的能力而著称。
She
was
distinguished
for
her
ability
to
make
her
ideas
clear.
③这个人因其在治疗癌症方面有了重大突破而扬名。
The
man
distinguished
himself
for
a
major
breakthrough
in
the
treatment
of
cancer.
④真正的成年人能辨别出什么是该做的事和什么是想做的事。
True
adults
are
able
to
distinguish
between
what
they
have
to
do
and
what
they
want
to
do.
(教材P44)They
may
also
hide
their
faces
in
their
hands
like
they
are
embarrassed
or
ashamed.
他们也可能用手掩面，就像他们感到尴尬或羞愧一样。
(1)embarrassed
adj.尴尬的；难堪的
[例1] A
parrot
can
sometimes
make
you
embarrassed.
鹦鹉有时候会让人很尴尬。
[例2] He
became
embarrassed
when
a
journalist
asked
him
pointed
questions
about
his
finances.
一名记者对他的经济情况接连提出尖锐的问题，他很是尴尬。
[翻译] 我为自己的错误感到不好意思。
I
felt
so
embarrassed
about
my
mistake.
[知识拓展]
(1)be/feel
embarrassed
to
do
sth.对做某事感到尴尬
be/feel
embarrassed
about/at
sth.
对某事感到难为情/不知所措
(2)embarrass
vt.
使难堪，使局促不安
embarrassing
adj.
令人难堪的
embarrassment
n.
难堪，困窘
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Much
to
his
embarrassment
(embarrass),
the
captain
made
duck
in
each
innings.
②He
was
embarrassed
to
admit
(admit)
making
a
mistake.
③His
speech
was
followed
by
an
embarrassing
(embarrass)
silence.
(2)ashamed
adj.羞愧；惭愧
[例1] Her
husband
felt
ashamed
at
her
behaviour.
她丈夫为她的行为感到害臊。
[例2] He
felt
very
much
ashamed
whenever
he
encountered
any
of
his
old
mates.
每当遇到老相识时，他总是感到很难为情。
[翻译] 他羞愧地用手把脸蒙住。
He
was
so
ashamed
that
he
hid
his
face
in
his
hands.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
ashamed
of
(doing)
sth.
因(做了)某事而感到羞愧
be
ashamed
to
do
sth.
耻于做……；因难为情而不愿做……
be
ashamed
that...
对……感到内疚
(2)shame
n.
羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事
It's
a
shame
that...
……真让人遗憾
What
a
shame/pity!
真可惜！
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①She
was
ashamed
to
ask
(ask)
such
a
simple
question.
②You
should
be
ashamed
of
having
told
a
lie
to
her.
③真可惜！这一轮她竟然败下来了。
What
a
shame!
She
should
fail
this
round.
[小片段填空]
Don't
be
ashamed
of
speaking
poor
English.Don't
be
ashamed
of
being
laughed
at.Don't
be
ashamed
of
being
stared
at.The
only
real
shame
is
that
you
never
open
your
mouth.
不要羞于说破烂英语，不要羞于被人嘲笑，不要羞于被人注视，唯一应该羞耻的是你从不开口说。
[图形助记] shame家族大集合
call
on
(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请
(教材P44)Some
students
act
this
way
merely
because
they
are
afraid
of
being
called
on
by
the
teacher.
有些学生这样做只是因为他们害怕老师叫他们。
[例1] I
like
that
you
should
call
on
me
frequently.
我喜欢你经常来拜访我。
[例2] He
called
on
his
friends
to
help
him.
他向朋友求助。
[翻译] 他们呼吁人们采取措施来抵制它。
They
call
on
people
to
take
measures
to
fight
against
it.
[知识拓展]
call
back
召唤某人回来；回电话
call
for
要求；需要；接(某人)
call
in
请来；召集
call
off
取消
call
up
给……打电话；(使)回忆起；征召……入伍
[即学即练]——完成句子
①光阴一去不复返。
Time
past
cannot
be
called
back
again.
②当我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。
When
I
called
up
my
mother
in
the
countryside
on
the
telephone
she
was
very
upset.
③足球赛为什么取消？
Why
was
the
football
match
called
off?
bother
vi.&
vt.
费心；麻烦；因……操心 n．麻烦；不便
(教材P44)
However,
if
a
student
does
not
bother
to
brush
her
hair
and
her
eyes
are
red
from
weeping,
then
I
can
infer
that
there
are
deeper
issues
at
work.
但是，要是学生懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。
[例1] Thank
you,
but
please
don't
bother.
谢谢,
但请你不要费事了。
[例2] What
a
bother!
We've
missed
the
bus.
真恼人！我们错过了公交车。
[翻译] 我小睡的时候不要打扰我。
Don't
bother
me
while
I
am
taking
my
nap.
[知识拓展]
(1)bother
sb.with
sth.
因某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother
to
do/doing
sth.
操心做某事
it
bothers
sb.that/to
do
sth.
使某人苦恼的是……
Don't
bother.
不用费心了。
(2)put
sb.to
any
bother
给某人添乱/让某人心烦
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I
didn't
want
to
put
you
to
any
bother.
②It
really
bothered
me
that
he'd
forgotten
my
birthday.
③You
needn't
bother
to
come(come)
to
my
office.
conflict
n．矛盾；冲突 vi.冲突；抵触
(教材P44)
It
could
be
that
she
is
having
serious
conflicts
with
other
students
or
at
home.
可能是她和其他学生或在家里发生了严重的冲突。
[例1] It
is
not
surprising
that
such
a
view
has
led
to
very
considerable
conflict.
这样的一种观点引起很大的分歧是不足为怪的。
[例2] Do
British
immigration
laws
conflict
with
any
international
laws?
英国的移民法与国际法有抵触吗？
[翻译] 他们掩藏自己的感情以免发生冲突。
They
hid
their
feelings
to
avoid
conflict．
[知识拓展]
(1)in
conflict
with
与……冲突/与……
矛盾
come
into
conflict
with
与……冲突/与……矛盾
(2)conflict
with
与……矛盾/冲突
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Your
statement
is
in
conflict
with
the
rest
of
the
evidence.
②She
had
often
come
into
conflict
with
her
husband.
③他很谨慎，尽量避免与妻子发生冲突。
He
is
so
cautious
that
he
tries
not
to
conflict
with
his
wife.＝He
is
so
cautious
that
he
tries
not
to
come
into
conflict
with
his
wife.＝
He
is
so
cautious
that
he
tries
not
to
be
in
conflict
with
his
wife.
adjust
vt.调整；调节
vi.&
vt.适应；(使)习惯
(教材P44)
Their
body
language
lets
me
know
when
to
adjust
class
activities,
when
to
intervene,
and
when
to
talk
to
students
individually...
他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候调整课堂活动，什么时候进行干预，什么时候与学生单独交谈……
[例1] Adjust
your
language
to
the
age
of
your
audience.
要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。
[例2] You
will
quickly
adjust
yourself
to
student
life.
你将很快适应学生生活。
[翻译] 她调整座椅到适合儿子的高度。
She
adjusted
the
seat
to
the
height
of
her
son.
[知识拓展]
(1)adjust
sth.to
sth.
调整……以适应……
adjust
to
(doing)
sth.
适应/习惯(做)某事
adjust
oneself
to...
使自己适应……
(2)adjustable
adj.
可调节的；可调整的
(3)adjustment
n.
调整；调节
make
adjustments
to
对……做出调整
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①We
must
make
some
adjustments
(adjust)
to
our
original
plan
because
of
emergencies.
②It
took
her
a
while
to
adjust
to
living
(live)
alone.
③我们必须尽快适应新生活。
We
must
adjust
ourselves
to
the
new
life
as
soon
as
possible.
[小片段填空]
School
adjustment
is
a
process
that
students
try
to
adjust
to
the
school
life
actively,
finish
study
successfully,
develop
their
personality
well,
and
carry
out
the
purpose
of
education.
学校适应是学生主动适应学校生活，顺利完成学业、发展个性、实现学校教育目的的过程。
Sentence
Patterns
部分否定
(教材P44)Of
course，not
everyone
who
looks
up
is
paying
attention
in
class.
当然，并不是每个抬头看的人上课都专心。
句式分析：句中not
everyone...＝
everyone...not...，意为“并非每个人都……”，为部分否定。
[例1] Not
everyone
in
the
world
will
be
kind
and
caring
towards
you.
并非世上每个人都会对你友善关心。
[例2] Unsurprisingly,
not
everyone
agrees
that
things
are
better.
不出所料，并非人人都认同情况有所好转。
[翻译] 我实在不愿把实情告诉你，但并非人人都像你那样诚实。
I
hate
to
tell
you
the
truth,
but
not
everyone
is
as
honest
as
you．
[知识拓展]
(1)当not与all，both，everyone，everything，everywhere等词连用时为部分否定，意为“并不都……”。
(2)当not与any，anyone，anywhere，anything连用或出现no，nothing，nobody，nowhere，none时是完全否定。
[即学即练]——完成句子/句型转换
①我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观故宫博物馆。
Nothing
in
my
life
impressed
me
so
deeply
as
my
first
visit
to
the
Palace
Museum.
②答案都不对。
None
of
the
answers
is
right.
③并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。
Every
boy
is
not
interested
in
sports.
＝Not
every
boy
is
interested
in
sports.
as
though引导表语从句
(教材P44)It
is
as
though
they
are
asleep
with
their
eyes
open.
好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。
句式分析：句中as
though意为“仿佛；好像”，引导的是表语从句。
[例1] It
sounds
as
though
there
is
a
knock
at
the
door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
[例2] It
seems
as
though
it
was
spring
already.
现在好像是春天了。
[翻译] 这个男孩好像迷路了。
It
seems
as
though
the
boy
has
lost
his
way．
[知识拓展]
(1)as
though/if意为“仿佛；好像”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。
(2)as
though/if后面的从句可用虚拟语气，表示一种假设或不大可能的事。从句表示与现在事实相反时，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反时，用had＋过去分词；表示将来的可能性不大的情况时，用would/could/might＋动词原形。
(3)从句的省略：若as
though/if引导的从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语为be，则省略“从句主语＋be”，从句就变成了“as
though/if＋形容词/副词/名词/介宾短语/分词/不定式”。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①He
talks
about
Rome
as
if
he
had
been(be)
there
before.
②Tom
raised
his
hand
as
if
(he
was)
to
say(say)
something.
③她说了又说好像永远停不下来。
She
talks
and
talks
as
if/though
she
would
never
stop．
逻辑推断题
逻辑推断题主要考查考生根据全篇、全段、上下文逻辑关系，结合相关信息的暗示，准确理解文章寓意或隐含的深层意义的能力。
【例文】 But
this
summer
I
find
myself
at
a
loss.I'm
not
quite
interested
in
Balzac,
say,
or
“Tristram
Shandy”．There's
always
War
and
Peace,
which
I've
covered
some
distance
several
times,
only
to
get
bogged
down
in
the
“War”
part,
set
it
aside
for
a
while,
and
realize
that
I
have
to
start
over
from
the
beginning
again,
having
forgotten
everyone's
name
and
social
rank.
How
appealing
to
simply
fall
back
on
a
favorite—once
more
into
“The
Waves”
or
“Justine”，which
feels
almost
like
cheating,
too
exciting
and
too
much
fun
to
properly
belong
in
serious
literature.
Why
does
the
author
say
reading
his
favorite
books
feels
like
cheating?
A．He
finishes
them
quickly.
B．He
should
read
something
serious.
C．He
barely
understands
them.
D．He
has
read
them
many
times
before.
★解题关键
(1)抓与之相关的关键信息，进行正向或逆向思维，推断出隐含的深层含义。
(2)根据上下文逻辑关系，进行实事求是的判断，得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是仅仅根据自己的经验、观点或爱好进行判断。
★解题思路
Step
1：确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)
Step
2：根据关键词定位信息句(□中句)
Step
3：尝试解答——根据信息句可知，作者再次读到自己最喜欢的书时，感到非常刺激和兴奋。同时感觉自己兴奋的心情与严肃的作品不适合，所以这时候会有cheating的感觉，认为自己应该读一些严肃的东西。故选B。
针对性练习
I
started
out
in
life
with
few
advantages.I
did
not
graduate
from
high
school.I
worked
at
menial(不体面的)
jobs.I
had
limited
education,
limited
skills
and
a
limited
future.
And
then
I
began
asking,
“Why
are
some
people
more
successful
than
others？”
This
question
changed
my
life.
Over
the
years,
I
have
read
thousands
of
books
and
articles
on
the
subjects
of
success
and
achievement(成就)．It
seems
that
the
reasons
for
these
accomplishments
have
been
discussed
and
written
about
for
more
than
two
thousand
years,
in
every
possible
way.One
quality
that
most
philosophers,
teachers
and
experts
agree
on
is
the
importance
of
self?discipline(自律)．As
Al
Tomsik
summarized
it
years
ago,
“Success
is
tons
of
discipline.”
Some
years
ago,
I
attended
a
conference
in
Washington.It
was
the
lunch
break
and
I
was
eating
at
a
nearby
food
fair.The
area
was
crowded
and
I
sat
down
at
the
last
open
table
by
myself,
even
though
it
was
a
table
for
four.A
few
minutes
later,
an
older
gentleman
and
a
younger
woman
who
was
his
assistant
came
along
carrying
trays
of
food,
obviously
looking
for
a
place
to
sit.With
plenty
of
room
at
my
table,
I
immediately
arose
and
invited
the
older
gentleman
to
join
me.He
was
hesitant,
but
I
insisted.Finally,
thanking
me
as
he
sat
down,
we
began
to
chat
over
lunch.
It
turned
out
that
his
name
was
Kop
Kopmeyer.As
it
happened,
I
immediately
knew
who
he
was.He
was
a
legend
in
the
field
of
success
and
achievement.Kop
Kopmeyer
had
written
four
large
books,
each
of
which
contained
250
success
principles
that
he
had
obtained
from
more
than
fifty
years
of
research
and
study.I
had
read
all
four
books
from
cover
to
cover,
more
than
once.
After
we
had
chatted
for
a
while,
I
asked
him
the
question
that
many
people
in
this
situation
would
ask,
“Of
all
the
one
thousand
success
principles
that
you
have
discovered,
which
do
you
think
is
the
most
important？”
He
smiled
at
me
with
a
twinkle
in
his
eye,
as
if
he
had
been
asked
this
question
many
times,
and
replied,
without
hesitating,
“The
most
important
success
principle
of
all
was
stated
by
Thomas
Huxley
many
years
ago.He
said，‘Do
what
you
should
do,
when
you
should
do
it,
whether
you
feel
like
it
or
not.’”
He
went
on
to
say,
“There
are
999
other
success
principles
that
I
have
found
in
my
reading
and
experience,
but
without
self?discipline,
none
of
them
work.”
1．Why
did
the
writer
ask
the
question
in
Paragraph
2?
A．Because
he
wasn't
satisfied
with
himself.
B．Because
he
was
a
person
of
self?discipline.
C．Because
he
dislike
those
successful
people.
D．Because
he
wanted
to
share
his
idea
on
success.
2．What
made
the
writer
invite
the
older
gentleman
to
join
him?
A．His
great
kindness.
B．Then
gentleman's
fame.
C．His
eagerness
for
success.
D．The
gentleman's
good
manners.
3．What
are
the
four
large
books
about?
A．Personal
changes.
B．The
secret
of
success.
C．Sayings
of
wisdom.
D．The
gentleman's
legend.
1．A [根据第一段“I
started
out
in
life
with
few
advantages.I
did
not
graduate
from
high
school.I
worked
at
menial(不体面的)
jobs.I
had
limited
education,
limited
skills
and
a
limited
future.”可知，在第二段，作者问这个问题是因为他对自己不满意，故选A。]
2．A [根据第四段“With
plenty
of
room
at
my
table,
I
immediately
arose
and
invited
the
older
gentleman
to
join
me.He
was
hesitant,
but
I
insisted.(由于我的桌子上有足够的空间，我立刻起身邀请那位年长的先生加入我的行列。他犹豫了，但我坚持。)”可推断出，是作者的善良邀请这位老绅士加入的，故选A。]
3．B [根据倒数第四段“Kop
Kopmeyer
had
written
four
large
books,
each
of
which
contained
250
success
principles
that
he
had
obtained
from
more
than
fifty
years
of
research
and
study.”可判断出，这四本书是关于成功的秘密的，故选B。]
1课时分层作业(十一)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Occupying
(occupy)
herself
with
routine
office
tasks,
she
had
no
time
to
attend
to
her
children.
2．What
was
it
that
distinguished
her
from
her
classmates?
3．The
actor
got
embarrassed
(embarrass)
when
asked
about
his
personal
things.
4．He
was
ashamed
(shame)
that
he
had
not
finished
the
task
on
time.
5．Why
bother
to
go(go)
abroad
to
study,
when
there
are
so
many
good
universities
at
home?
6．It
looks
as
though
you
are
ill
today.
7．A
chemist
can
separate
a
medicine
into
its
components(component)．
8．He
inquired(inquire)
whether
there
had
been
any
messages
for
him.
9．You
made
good
grades
in
school
and
perform
well
at
work.
10．Tom's
anxiety(anxious)
to
succeed
led
him
to
work
hard.
Ⅱ.语言运用
It
may
be
difficult
to
understand
non?verbal
messages
because
different
cultures
have
different
expectations
about
eye
contact，physical
1
，etc.
Let's
consider
eye
contact.Children
from
many
Latin
American
and
Asian
2
show
respect
by
avoiding
the
glance
of
important
persons.A
teacher
who's
3
with
this，however，might
consider
the
lack
of
eye
contact
as
a
sign
of
disrespect.For
many
American
Indian
children,
4
a
teacher
in
the
eye
and
answering
her
question
in
front
of
the
class
is
“showing
off”．
Culture
greatly
5
attitudes
towards
physical
contact，whether
it's
a
handshake，hug，or
pat
on
the
back.In
Asia，female
friends
6
hold
hands
and
men
casually(随便地)
hug
one
another
as
they
walk
down
the
street.Americans，however，may
feel
uncomfortable
with
such
public
behavior.In
some
Asian
cultures，affectionately
patting
a(n)
7
head
is
strictly
taboo(禁忌的),
8
it
can
be
acceptable
behavior
between
adults
and
young
children.
How
close
should
people
stand
to
each
other
when
they're
having
a
conversation?
In
areas
of
the
Middle
East
and
South
America，people
stand
very
close
when
9
．Europeans
like
to
have
10
distance
between
them，while
some
Africans
11
even
more
space.You
can
create
great
discomfort
by
standing
too
close
to
another
person.Not
being
12
of
this
can
even
prevent
someone
from
understanding
or
13
the
ideas
you're
trying
to
get
across.
To
create
a
positive
environment
for
communication，your
non?verbal
message
must
closely
14
your
verbal
message.One
way
to
do
this
is
to
carefully
observe
how
children
and
families
speak
and
behave
around
each
other
and
with
people
they
respect.This
can
15
clues
about
the
true
meaning
of
their
non?verbal
interactions.
【语篇解读】 本文为一篇说明文。讲述了不同的文化对眼神接触、身体接触等有不同的理解。另外，不同的文化对人与人之间站立距离远近的理解也有所不同。所以，要想真正了解一种文化，一定不要忽视无声语言所传达的信息。
1．A.exercise
B．touch
C．education
D．strength
B [physical
touch意为“身体接触”，从第三段的physical
contact可得到暗示。]
2．A.schools
B．villages
C．homelands
D．cultures
D [第一段已提到不同文化(different
cultures)中人们对视线接触、身体接触等有不同的理解。]
3．A.uncertain
B．angry
C．unfamiliar
D．popular
C [在拉美和亚洲文化中，小孩回避他人的视线是对其尊敬的表现。而对此不了解的老师会误以为这是缺乏尊重。be
unfamiliar
with意为“对……不熟悉”。]
4．A.seeing
B．staring
at
C．looking
D．glancing
at
C [look
sb.in
the
eye意为“直视某人”。]
5．A.influences
B．supports
C．observes
D．reduces
A [本段讲physical
contact在不同文化中的影响，即“文化极大地影响到人们对身体接触的态度”。]
6．A.never
B．often
C．seldom
D．sometimes
B [由于男性之间可以随意地拥抱一下，故可推测女性朋友之间手拉手是常事。]
7．A.child's
B．baby's
C．adult's
D．man's
C [在一些亚洲文化中，摸成人的头是严格禁止的，但是成人和小孩之间摸头是可以接受的。]
8．A.because
B．although
C．unless
D．if
B [前后之间是让步关系，故用although。]
9．A.talking
B．eating
C．waiting
D．listening
A [此处when
talking与前一句的“when
they're
having
a
conversation”意思一样。]
10．A.more
B．less
C．no
D．little
A [来自中东和南美的人谈话时站得很近，而欧洲人需要的心理距离要更大一些。]
11．A.hate
B．prefer
C．wish
D．dream
B [该句中的while表示对比。非洲人需要的心理距离更远。]
12．A.afraid
B．ashamed
C．proud
D．aware
D [对谈话时的心理距离要清楚，否则会造成麻烦。be
aware
of意为“意识到，知道”，符合语境。]
13．A.suggesting
B．considering
C．refusing
D．accepting
D [空前的or表示选择关系，内容应与前面的understanding意思相近。意识不到人们交流时默认的心理距离甚至会阻碍他人理解或接受你试图传达的意思。]
14．A.pass
B．explain
C．match
D．prepare
C [非语言信息与语言信息要相配(match)，要一致。]
15．A.provide
B．support
C．prove
D．search
A [这样就可为你真正理解他们的非语言交流提供线索。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Your
body
language
will
give
out
a
lot
more
information.1.________
(base)
on
your
body
language
it
can
be
seen
whether
you
are
self?confident.It
can
also
show
if
you
are
a
busy
or
a
quiet
type
and
it
2.________(help)
give
the
impression
of
whether
you
are
speaking
3.________
(truthful)
or
not.Body
language
can
show
how
enthusiastic
you
are
and
if
you
are
a
nice
person，someone
who
4.________
(take)
his
work
seriously
or
who
has
a
sense
of
humour
and
can
enjoy
a
joke
from
time
5.________
time.The
members
of
the
application
committee
will
ask
you
questions，6.________
your
answers
won't
only
be
oral.
The
committee
will
not
only
pay
attention
to
7.________
you
say，but
also
to
how
you
say
it！Body
language
will
determine
first
if
it
“clicks”，and
sometimes
all
it
takes
is
just
a
few
8.________(second)．Everybody
9.________(use)
body
language，but
it
takes
place
mostly
at
a
subconscious
(下意识的)
level.Using
body
language
appropriately，you
can
definitely
increase
your
chances
of
10.________(get)
a
job.
【语篇解读】 你的身体语言能给出许多信息。
1．Based [考查非谓语动词。it
can
be
seen
whether
you
are
self?confident为句子的主干，此处应用base的非谓语动词形式，和后面的on
your
body
language一起作状语，be
based
on意为“以……为基础”。故填Based。]
2．helps [考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，主语为it，故填helps。]
3．truthfully [考查词性转换。修饰speaking应用副词，故填truthfully。]
4．takes [who
his
work
seriously为定语从句，修饰someone，设空处在定语从句中作谓语。根据or后面的定语从句用一般现在时可知此处也用一般现在时，故填takes。]
5．to [考查固定搭配。from
time
to
time为固定搭配，意为“有时；不时”，故填to。]
6．but [考查并列连词。句意：申请委员会的成员们会问你问题，但是你的回答并不只是口述的。根据句意可知，设空处前后内容在意思上存在转折关系，故填but。]
7．what [考查宾语从句。
you
say为宾语从句，设空处引导从句并且在从句中作宾语，指事物，故填what。]
8．seconds [考查名词复数。a
few修饰可数名词的复数形式，故填seconds。]
9．uses [考查主谓一致和时态。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，everybody作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式，故填uses。]
10．getting [考查非谓语动词。介词of后要跟动名词形式，故填getting。]
5Ⅰ.匹配词义
单词匹配
第一组
( )1.gesture
A．adj.相同的
( )2.identical
B．n.手势；姿势；姿态
( )3.cheek
C．n.隔阂；障碍
( )4.waist
D．n.面颊；脸颊
( )5.barrier
E．n.腰；腰部
( )6.fake
F．adj.假装的；假的；冒充的
( )7.inference
G．adj.内部的；里面的
( )8.internal
H．n.推断的结果；结论；推论
( )9.twin
I．n.&
v．审讯；审判；试验；试用
( )10.trial
J．adj.双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的
n．孪生之一；双胞胎之一
[答案] 1－5 BADEC 6－10 FHGJI
第二组
( )1.tendency
A．adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚
( )2.lower
B．n.组成部分；零件
( )3.barely
C．vt.把……放低；降低；减少 adj.
下面的；下方的；较小的
( )4.component
D．n.趋势；倾向
( )5.perceive
E．vt.察觉；看待；理解
( )6.weep
F．n.&
vi.矛盾；冲突
( )7.conflict
G．n.焦虑；担心；害怕
( )8.educator
H．vi.&
vt.哭泣；流泪
( )9.anxiety
I．adj.尴尬的；难堪的
( )10.embarrassed
J．n.教师；教育工作者；教育家
[答案] 1－5 DCABE 6－10 HFJGI
短语匹配
( )1.by
contrast
A．消除；分解；打破
( )2.by
comparison
B．推理；推论
( )3.make
inferences
C．(与……)相比较
( )4.break
down
D．相比之下
( )5.in
other
words
E．(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话
等)；正式邀请
( )6.call
on
F．有某种影响；在工作
( )7.at
work
G．换句话说；也就是说
[答案] 1－5 DCBAG 6－7 EF
Ⅱ.默写单词
第一组
1．contrast
n．
差异；对照物
vi.&
vt.
形成对照；形成对比
2．demonstrate
vt.
表现；表达；说明；证明
3．witness
vt.
当场看到；目击；见证
n.
目击者；证人
4．employ
vt.
使用；应用；雇用
5．interpret
vt.
把……理解(解释)为
vi.&vt.
口译
6．favour
vt.
较喜欢；选择；有利于
n.
帮助；恩惠；赞同
7．bow
vi.
鞠躬；点头
vt.
低(头)
8．gesture
n.
手势；姿势；姿态
9．barrier
n.
隔阂；障碍
10．fake
adj.
假装的；假的；冒充的
第二组
1．pose
n.
故作姿势；(为画像、拍照等摆的)
姿势
vi.
摆好姿势
vt.
造成(威胁、问题等)
2．bend
vt.&
vi.
(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向
3．assess
vt.
评估；评价
4.
imply
vt.
意味着；暗示
5．stare
vi.
盯着看；凝视
n.
凝视
6．ashamed
adj.
羞愧的；惭愧的
7．bother
vi.&
vt.
费心；麻烦；因……操心
n.
麻烦；不便
8．adjust
vt.
调整；调节
vi.&
vt.
适应；(使)习惯
9．occupy
vt.
占据；占用
10．distinguish
vi.&vt.
区分；辨别
Ⅰ.选词填空
demonstrated，identical，contrast，approved，interpreted，barrier，ceilings，gesture，internal，imply
1．The
black
paint
on
the
door
provides
a
contrast
for
the
white
walls.
2．She
thought
for
a
moment
and
then
approved．
3．All
of
those
demonstrated
the
correctness
of
his
analysis.
4．She
wore
the
identical
dress
on
both
occasions.
5．We
interpreted
his
silence
as
a
refusal.
6．Lack
of
confidence
is
the
biggest
barrier
to
investment
in
the
region.
7．He
suffered
internal
injuries
in
an
accident.
8．Their
failure
to
reply
to
our
letter
seems
to
imply
a
lack
of
interest.
9．The
government
has
decided
to
lift
price
ceilings
on
bread,
milk
and
other
staples.
10．She
waved
us
away
with
an
impatient
gesture．
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The
interaction(interact)
of
the
two
groups
produced
many
good
ideas.
2．By
comparison(compare)
with
London,
Paris
is
small.
3．John
is
very
reliable(rely);
if
he
says
he'll
do
something
he
will
do
it.
4．We
shall
put
the
machine
to
further
trial(try)．
5．The
new
manager
carried
out
an
assessment(assess)
of
the
sales
department.
6．His
explanations(explain)
are
always
difficult
to
believe.
7．That
educator(educate)
published
many
articles
in
these
magazines.
8．There's
a
lot
of
anxiety(anxious)
among
the
staff
about
possible
job
losses.
9．He
felt
acutely
embarrassed(embarrass)
at
being
the
centre
of
attention.
10．I
merely(mere)
suggested
you
should
do
it
again.There's
no
need
to
get
annoyed.
1．We
use
both
words
and
body
language
to
express
our
thoughts
and
opinions
in
our
interactions
with
other
people.
在与他人的互动中，我们用语言和肢体语言来表达我们的思想和观点。
2．Just
like
spoken
language,
body
language
varies
from
culture
to
culture.
就像口语一样，身体语言也因文化而异。
3．In
Japan,
it
may
demonstrate
respect
to
look
down
when
talking
to
an
older
person.
在日本，当你和年长的人说话时，低头可能是对长辈的尊重。
4．There
are
also
differences
in
how
we
touch
each
other,
how
close
we
stand
to
someone
we
are
talking
to,
and
how
we
act
when
we
meet
or
part.
我们彼此接触的方式、我们与谈话对象的距离以及我们见面或分手时的行为也存在差异。
5．And
if
we
are
feeling
down
or
lonely,
there
is
nothing
better
than
seeing
the
smiling
face
of
a
good
friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
词语助读
①express
our
thoughts
and
opinions表达我们的思想和观点
②interactions
with
other
people与他人的互动
③information
about
their
feelings有关他们的感受的信息
(1)名词性从句what
people
are
thinking作介词about的宾语；动名词短语watching
their
body
language作介词by的宾语。
(2)the
way为先行词，后面是省略了that的定语从句。
④just
like
spoken
language就像口语一样
⑤vary
from
culture
to
culture因文化而异
⑥be
appropriate
to适合
⑦make
eye
contact进行眼神交流
⑧look
into
someone's
eyes直视某人的眼睛
⑨by
contrast相比之下
⑩approve
of赞成
?demonstrate
respect表示尊敬
?look
down低头；向下看
(3)that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a
way；其中you
are
in是省略了that的又一个定语从句，修饰先行词the
culture。
(4)it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语to
look
down；when
talking...为时间状语。
?witnesses
sb.doing...看到某人正在做某事
?interpret
it
as
meaning
zero把它解释为零
?avoid
making
this
gesture避免做这个手势
(5)who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词someone。
(6)省略that的宾语从句。
(7)现在分词短语作名词person的后置定语。
(8)as引导原因状语从句。
?around
the
world世界各地；全世界
?shake
one's
head摇头
?by
comparison相比之下
?have
the
opposite
meaning有正好相反的含义
?kiss
their
friends
on
the
cheek亲吻朋友的脸颊
favour
shaking
hands更喜欢握手
(9)and连接三个how引导的宾语从句，其中we
are
talking
to是省略了关系代词whom的定语从句，修饰先行词someone，when
we
meet
or
part为时间状语从句。
(10)when引导时间状语从句。
(11)
when引导时间状语从句。
have
the
same
meaning有相同的含义
rest
them
on
the
side
of
your
head把它们放在头的一侧
in
circles绕圈；循环往复
(12)and连接两个动词?ing形式一起作主语；while
closing
your
eyes为时间状语。
(13)
动词?ing形式saying
“I
am
full”作介词of的宾语；动词?ing形式moving...stomach作表语。
get
through
difficult
situations渡过难关
in
a
world
of
strangers在一群陌生人中
break
down
barriers打破障碍
ask
for
help请求帮助
make
yourself
feel
happier
and
stronger让自己更快乐、更坚强
feel
down
or
lonely感到沮丧或孤独
nothing
better
than最好的莫过于；没有什么比……更好
(14)if引导条件状语从句。
课文呈现
LISTENING
TO
HOW
BODIES
TALK
We
use
both
words
and
body
language
to
express
our
thoughts
and
opinions①
in
our
interactions
with
other
people②.We
can
learn
a
lot
about
what
people
are
thinking
by
watching
their
body
language(1)．Words
are
important,
but
the
way
people
stand,
hold
their
arms,
and
move
their
hands(2)
can
also
give
us
information
about
their
feelings③.
Just
like
spoken
language④,
body
language
varies
from
culture
to
culture⑤.The
crucial
thing
is
using
body
language
in
a
way
that
is
appropriate
to⑥
the
culture
you
are
in(3)．For
example,
making
eye
contact⑦—looking
into
someone's
eyes⑧—in
some
countries
is
a
way
to
display
interest.In
other
countries,
by
contrast⑨,
eye
contact
is
not
always
approved
of⑩.For
example,
in
many
Middle
Eastern
countries,
men
and
women
are
not
socially
permitted
to
make
eye
contact.In
Japan,
it
may
demonstrate
respect?
to
look
down?
when
talking
to
an
older
person(4)．
The
gesture
for
“OK”
has
different
meanings
in
different
cultures.In
Japan
someone
who
witnesses
another
person
employing?
the
gesture(5)
might
think
it
means
money(6)．In
France,
a
person
encountering
an
identical
gesture(7)
may
interpret
it
as
meaning
zero?.However,
you
should
avoid
making
this
gesture?
in
Brazil
and
Germany,
as
it
is
not
considered
polite(8)．
Even
the
gestures
we
use
for
“yes”
and
“no”
differ
around
the
world?.In
many
countries,
shaking
one's
head?
means
“no”,
and
nodding
means
“yes”．By
comparison?,
in
Bulgaria
and
southern
Albania,
the
gestures
have
the
opposite
meaning?.There
are
also
differences
in
how
we
touch
each
other,
how
close
we
stand
to
someone
we
are
talking
to,
and
how
we
act
when
we
meet
or
part(9)．In
countries
like
France
and
Russia,
people
may
kiss
their
friends
on
the
cheek?
when
they
meet(10)．Elsewhere,
people
favour
shaking
hands,
bowing
from
the
waist,
or
nodding
the
head
when
they
meet
someone
else(11)．
Some
gestures
seem
to
have
the
same
meaning
everywhere.Placing
your
hands
together
and
resting
them
on
the
side
of
your
head
while
closing
your
eyes(12)
means
“sleep”．A
good
way
of
saying
“I
am
full”
is
moving
your
hand
in
circles
over
your
stomach(13)
after
a
meal.
Some
body
language
has
many
different
uses.Perhaps
the
best
example
is
smiling.A
smile
can
help
us
get
through
difficult
situations
and
find
friends
in
a
world
of
strangers.A
smile
can
break
down
barriers.We
can
use
a
smile
to
apologise,
to
greet
someone,
to
ask
for
help,
or
to
start
a
conversation.Experts
suggest
smiling
at
yourself
in
the
mirror
to
make
yourself
feel
happier
and
stronger.And
if
we
are
feeling
down
or
lonely(14)，there
is
nothing
better
than
seeing
the
smiling
face
of
a
good
friend.
译文参考
倾听身体如何说话
在与他人的互动中，我们用语言和肢体语言来表达我们的思想和观点。我们可以通过观察人们的肢体语言来了解他们在想什么。语言很重要，但是人们站着、抱紧双臂、移动双手的方式也能告诉我们他们的感受。
就像口语一样，身体语言也因文化而异。最重要的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。例如，在一些国家，进行眼神交流——直视某人的眼睛——是表现出兴趣的一种方式。相比而言，在其他国家，眼神交流并不总是被接受的。例如，在许多中东国家，社会不允许男女进行眼神交流。在日本，当你和年长的人说话时，低头可能是对长辈的尊重。
“OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。在日本，看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。在法国，面对同样的手势，人们会将其理解为“零”的意思。然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免这样做，因为这被认为是不礼貌的。
甚至我们用作“是”和“不”的手势也因地而异。在许多国家，摇头表示“不”，点头表示“是”。相比之下，在保加利亚和南阿尔巴尼亚，手势的含义正好相反。我们彼此接触的方式、我们与谈话对象的距离以及我们见面或分手时的行为也存在差异。在法国和俄罗斯等国家，人们见面时可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
有些手势似乎在任何地方都有相同的含义。双手合拢放在头的一侧，同时闭上眼睛表示“睡觉”。表示“我饱了”的一个好方法是饭后手在肚子上转几圈。
一些肢体语言有许多不同的用途。也许最好的例子就是微笑。微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在一群陌生人中找到朋友。微笑可以打破障碍。我们可以用微笑来道歉，问候别人，请求帮助，或者开始一段对话。专家建议对着镜子微笑，让自己更快乐、更坚强。如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
1课时分层作业(十)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I
have
ever
witnessed(目睹)
a
fearful
accident.
2．When
the
artificial
flowers
are
contrasted(对比)
with
natural
ones,
you
can
hardly
tell
the
difference.
3．He
made
himself
understood
with
the
help
of
gestures(手势)．
4．How
many
people
does
the
company
employ(雇用)?
5．The
students
were
asked
to
interpret(解释)
the
poem.
6．The
grass
in
the
yard
was
waist(腰)
high.
7．They
said,
after
digging
around,
the
photo
was
fake(伪造的)．
8．The
twins(双胞胎)
are
so
alike
that
I
can't
tell
which
is
which.
9．He
is
talking
to
Tom
on
the
internal(内部的)
telephone.
10．He
has
a
tendency(趋势)
to
forget
things.
Ⅱ.阅读
A
A
smile
will
tell
people
around
you
that
you
are
a
kind
and
friendly
person.However，many
people
don't
smile
because
they
think
they
have
ugly
teeth.For
example，one
of
my
classmates，Mike，doesn't
have
very
nice
teeth，so
that
is
why
he
seldom
opens
his
mouth.He
even
says
that
he
has
lost
confidence
because
of
his
teeth.So
it
is
very
important
for
us
to
look
after
our
teeth.In
fact，a
lot
of
people
have
this
problem.Some
people
inherit
tooth
problems
from
their
parents，while
others'
teeth
are
damaged
because
of
bad
habits，like
heavy
smoking，eating
too
much
sugar
or
not
brushing
teeth
often.If
your
teeth
are
in
bad
shape，you
should
see
a
dentist
and
ask
for
help.They
can
help
improve
your
teeth
and
tell
you
how
to
take
care
of
them.
Smiling
can
help
you
feel
more
confident
and
make
people
think
of
you
as
a
more
friendly
person.If
you
want
to
keep
healthy，you
should
not
only
smile
but
also
laugh.An
Indian
doctor
called
Kataria
said
that
young
children
should
laugh
about
30
times
a
day，while
adults
should
laugh
between
7
and
15
times
a
day.So
please
take
this
chance
to
smile
and
laugh
now.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了笑的作用以及有人不笑的原因。
1．Many
people
don't
smile
because
．
A．they
don't
like
smiling
B．they
think
they
are
ugly
C．their
teeth
are
not
beautiful
D．they
can't
open
their
mouths
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中“many
people
don't
smile
because
they
think
they
have
ugly
teeth”可知答案选C。]
2．What
can
a
dentist
do
according
to
the
passage?
A．A
dentist
can
help
improve
your
bad
teeth.
B．A
dentist
can
tell
you
how
to
take
care
of
your
bad
teeth.
C．A
dentist
can
tell
you
how
to
brush
your
teeth.
D．Both
A
and
B.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“If
your
teeth
are
in
bad
shape，you
should
see
a
dentist
and
ask
for
help.They
can
help
improve
your
teeth
and
tell
you
how
to
take
care
of
them.”可知答案选D。]
3．If
you
want
to
keep
healthy，you
had
better
．
A．not
smile
often
B．laugh
all
the
time
C．neither
smile
nor
laugh
D．smile
and
even
laugh
often
D [细节理解题。根据第二段“If
you
want
to
keep
healthy，you
should
not
only
smile
but
also
laugh.”可知答案选D。]
4．How
many
times
should
a
child
laugh
every
day
in
doctor
Kataria's
opinion?
A．Either
300
or
30
times
a
day.
B．Between
7
and
15
times
a
day.
C．About
30
times
a
day.
D．Only
30
times
a
day.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段“An
Indian
doctor
called
Kataria
said
that
young
children
should
laugh
about
30
times
a
day”可知答案选C。]
B
If
you
want
to
succeed
in
life，you
need
to
express
the
proper
body
language，with
or
without
having
to
say
anything
else.You
will
certainly
notice
a
whole
new
reaction
from
people
if
you
use
the
power
of
body
language.
Relax
your
shoulders，keep
your
hands
at
your
sides
(never
inside
your
pockets)
and
breathe
slowly.Have
a
warm，welcoming
facial
expression
as
if
you
look
forward
to
communicating.Depending
on
the
situation，you
may
smile
when
appropriate.
Face
the
other
person
or
your
audience
and
keep
eye
contact
as
much
as
possible
throughout
the
talk.Nodding
and
tilting
(倾斜)
your
head
closer
can
show
that
you
are
listening.
Do
not
fold
(交叉)
your
arms，look
down
at
the
floor
or
put
your
hands
in
your
pockets.These
can
show
that
you
are
uninterested.If
you
have
any
comments，you
can
show
them
in
negative
but
respectful
ways
like
raising
your
eyebrows.
A
lot
of
your
body
language
can
show
how
confident，interested，bored，angry
or
nervous
you
are.Keeping
your
head
up
throughout
the
entire
conversation
can
show
that
you
are
very
much
into
the
conversation
at
hand.
You
may
feel
free
to
use
a
few
hand
gestures
to
emphasize
(强调)
a
point.If
you're
enumerating
things，it's
better
to
use
each
of
your
fingers
as
you
mention
each
item
to
help
your
audience
keep
track.
Pacing
will
help
you
create
more
ground
if
you
have
a
larger
crowd
to
communicate
with.It
will
also
show
confidence
on
your
part
as
you
think
of
more
things
to
say.
Be
very
careful
when
touching
the
other
person
since
you
are
crossing
the
boundaries
(界限)
of
body
language
through
actual
contact.Remember
that
in
body
language，it
is
your
body
that
does
the
talking
for
you.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了一些身体语言表示的意思。
5．According
to
the
text，if
you
find
a
listener
raising
his
eyebrows，he
may
．
A．try
to
show
his
anger
B．want
to
give
his
own
opinion
C．not
understand
what
you
say
D．want
to
prove
his
confidence
B [细节理解题。由第四段中“If
you
have
any
comments，you
can
show
them
in...like
raising
your
eyebrows.”这一信息可知B项正确。]
6．The
underlined
word
“enumerating”in
Paragraph
6
may
mean
“
”．
A．considering
B．judging
C．numbering
D．discussing
C [词义猜测题。由第六段中“You
may
feel
free
to
use
a
few
hand
gestures
to
emphasize
(强调)
a
point.”以及画线词后面的“...it's
better
to
use
each
of
your
fingers
as
you
mention
each
item
to
help
your
audience
keep
track.”可知C项正确。]
7．What
is
the
most
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A．The
power
of
body
language
B．The
attraction
of
body
language
C．The
origin
of
body
language
D．The
understanding
of
body
language
A [标题归纳题。由第一段最后一句“You
will
certainly
notice
a
whole
new
reaction
from
people
if
you
use
the
power
of
body
language.”可知，A项正确。]
8．What's
the
author's
suggestion
if
you
have
a
larger
crowd
to
communicate
with?
A．To
walk
at
a
slow
pace.
B．To
shake
hands
with
every
person.
C．To
look
down
at
the
floor.
D．To
fold
your
arms.
A [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，如果与“你”交流的人比较多，建议“你”慢慢移动步子去跟不同的人交流。
]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Body
language
mistakes
you
should
avoid
at
work
Communication
is
not
only
about
words
but
also
gestures.Therefore，you
should
be
careful
about
how
you
use
your
body
when
expressing
yourself.
Avoiding
eye
contact
(接触)
When
speaking
with
a
workmate，avoiding
eye
contact
makes
you
look
unprofessional
(不专业的)．
1
Therefore，you
should
always
keep
eye
contact
especially
when
you
are
making
a
point.
Crossing
your
arms
Crossing
your
arms
shows
that
you
are
not
open
to
others
and
that
you
want
to
put
a
distance
between
yourself
and
them.
2
In
order
to
give
others
a
warm
feeling，just
keep
your
arms
open.
Checking
the
time
Checking
the
time
every
few
minutes
makes
people
feel
you
are
in
a
hurry
or
would
rather
be
somewhere
else.
3
Therefore，when
you
are
speaking
to
your
workmates，try
not
to
look
at
the
clock
very
often.
Bad
body
posture
Having
a
bad
posture
such
as
dropped
shoulders
or
a
lower
neck
can
mean
that
you
are
not
interested
in
what
is
going
on
around
you.
4
Also，keep
your
head
high.
Weak
handshake
A
weak
handshake
means
that
you
don't
care
much
about
the
person
you
are
shaking
hands
with.Try
to
greet
the
people
with
a
firm
(有力的)
handshake.However，don't
forget
that
a
handshake
that
is
too
firm
can
be
impolite.
5
A．Therefore，try
to
find
the
right
balance.
B．Nod
your
head
to
show
that
you
are
listening.
C．It
looks
like
you
are
not
interested
in
being
there.
D．This
shows
that
you
have
confidence
in
yourself.
E．This
is
generally
considered
as
a
position
of
defence.
F．It
is
important
to
stand
or
sit
up
straight
when
speaking
to
somebody.
G．It
also
shows
that
you
are
not
confident
or
show
no
interest
in
the
topic.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在工作中应该避免的几种身体语言。
1．G [由该空前的“When
speaking
with
a
workmate，avoiding
eye
contact
makes
you
look
unprofessional(不专业的)。”可知，和同事说话时避免目光接触会让你看起来不够专业。G项内容是：这也表明你不自信或是对话题没有兴趣，符合此处语境。]
2．E [由该空前的“Crossing
your
arms
shows
that
you
are
not
open
to
others
and
that
you
want
to
put
a
distance
between
yourself
and
them.”可知，将双手交叉于胸前是一种防备的姿势，故选E项。]
3．C [由该空前的“you
are
in
a
hurry
or
would
rather
be
somewhere
else”可知，不停地看表会让对方觉得你不想再待下去了，故选C项。]
4．F [由该空前的“dropped
shoulders
or
a
lower
neck”和该空后的“Also，keep
your
head
high.”可知，讲话时站直或是坐正非常重要，故选F项。]
5．A [由该空前的“Try
to
greet
the
people...can
be
impolite.”可知，和他人握手时要把握好力度，故选A项。]
6Knowledge
is
a
treasure,
but
practice
is
the
key
to
it.
—Fuller
知识是一个宝库，而实践就是开启宝库大门的钥匙。
——富勒
Do
not,
for
one
repulse,
forgo
the
purpose
that
you
resolved
to
effort.
—Shakespeare
不要只因一次挫败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。
——莎士比亚
The
darkest
hour
is
that
before
the
dawn.—Fuller
黎明前的时分是最黑暗的。
——富勒
Goals
determine
what
you
are
going
to
be.
—Julius
Erving
目标决定你将成为什么样的人。
——朱利叶斯·欧文
Truth
is
beautiful.Without
doubt;
and
so
are
lies.
—Emerson
真理是美的；毫无疑问，谎言也是如此。
——爱默生
Important
principles
may
and
must
be
flexible.
—Abraham
Lincoln
重要的原则能够也必须是灵活的。
——亚伯拉罕·林肯
Tomorrow
Tomorrow
comes
and
again
comes
tomorrow，
Tomorrows
are
like
rivers
that
endlessly
flow.
If
all
my
things
are
put
off
till
tomorrow，
My
time
wasted
to
no
purpose
will
brew
woe.
All
mortals
are
tired
for
the
sake
of
tomorrow，
The
passage
of
time
will
make
them
old
before
they
know.
Body
language
is
used
by
people
for
sending
messages
to
one
another.It
is
very
useful
because
it
can
help
you
make
yourself
easily
understood.
Different
countries
have
different
body
language.For
example,
men
in
Russia,
France
and
Arab
countries
kiss
each
other
when
they
meet,
but
men
in
China
or
Australia
shake
hands
instead
of
kissing.People
in
Puerto
Rico(波多黎各)
like
touching
each
other,
but
people
from
English?speaking
countries
do
not
touch
each
other.If
you
touch
an
English
person,
you
should
say
“Sorry”．People
in
Arab
countries
like
standing
close
to
one
another
when
they
are
talking,
but
English
people
must
keep
a
distance
away
when
they
are
talking.In
some
Asian
countries,
you
must
not
touch
the
head
of
another
person.In
Arab
countries,
you
eat
by
using
the
fingers
of
your
right
hand;
the
left
hand
is
not
used
at
all.In
parts
of
Asia
you
must
not
sit
with
your
feet
pointing
at
another
person.
When
you
use
a
foreign
language,
it
is
very
important
to
know
the
meanings
of
gestures
and
movements
in
the
foreign
country.Following
the
customs
will
help
you
communicate
with
people
and
make
your
stay
there
much
more
pleasant
and
comfortable.
[探究发现]
1．Find
out
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
and
then
think
of
a
proper
title
for
it.
The
passage
is
mainly
about
body
language.The
title
is
“Body
language”．
2．Find
out
the
topic
sentence
in
the
second
paragraph.
Different
countries
have
different
body
language.
3．Find
out
the
benefit
of
understanding
body
language
in
a
foreign
country.
It
helps
you
communicate
with
people
and
make
your
stay
there
much
more
pleasant
and
comfortable.
1介绍性说明文
介绍性说明文是根据某种特定的需要，对事物的性质、特点、功能做出客观、科学的解释，从而给人知识或传播信息的一种文体。它主要运用说明的表达方式，向别人介绍清楚事物是怎么样的。对被介绍对象起解释、阐述的作用。
[基本框架]
第一段：开头对要说明的事物或事情简要介绍(点题)；
第二段：按照题目提供的信息分层次，按照一定的顺序进行说明，注意语言的客观简明；
第三段：结尾照应开头(题目没有特殊要求，不要对此事物发表看法)。
[常用词块]
1．be
familiar
with
its
history
熟悉它的历史
2．other
important
aspects其他重要的方面
3．raise
their
awareness
of
keeping
fit
提高他们的健身意识
4．play
a
very
important
role
in
daily
communication
在日常交流中起着非常重要的作用
5．the
reasons
behind
this这背后的原因
6．the
application
of
new
technologies新技术的应用
7．account
for
the
increase解释增加的原因
8．for
one
reason
or
another因某种理由
9．a
number
of
factors许多因素
10．be
on
the
increase正在增长
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
Today,
the
topic
is...今天的主题是……
When
you
find/see...,
what
should
you
do?
当你发现/看到……，你应该怎么做？
As
is
known
to
all,
it
is
important
to...
众所周知，……是很重要的。
★正文佳句
The
reason
for...is
that...……的原因是……
This
brings
out
the
important
fact
that...
这引出了一个重要的事实……
More
importantly,
you
should...
更重要的是，你应该……
It
is
well
known
that
...is
very
important
in
our
daily
lives
because...
众所周知……在我们的日常生活中很重要，因为……
...can
not
only
...,
but
also
...
……不仅……，而且……
...is
very
important/convenient/helpful
when
people
want
to...
当人们想要……时，……很重要/方便/有用。
★余味结尾
It
would
give
us
a
chance
to...
这将给我们一个机会……
In
a
word,
as
long
as
you
...you
can...
总之，只要你……你可以……
If
you
can
do
what
has
been
mentioned
above,
you...
如果你能做到以上所提到的，你……
你知道肢体语言(body
language)是什么吗？你了解它在交际中的作用吗？假设你是某英文杂志的特约小记者，请你撰写一篇稿件向大家介绍肢体语言。内容要点：
1．肢体语言的定义；
2．举例说明肢体语言的含义；
3．说明它在日常交际中的作用。
[参考范文]
Communication
methods
include
not
only
spoken
language
but
also
body
language.It
refers
to
eye?contact,
touch
and
the
hand
gestures
people
use
to
communicate
with
each
other.Body
language
is
widely
used
in
our
daily
lives.People
shake
hands
to
greet
each
other
when
they
meet.Some
people
use
smiles
as
a
way
to
show
friendliness,
hug
to
express
their
love
and
frown
to
show
their
sadness.Therefore,
body
language
plays
a
very
important
role
in
daily
communication.Body
language
is
also
very
convenient,
which
enables
people
to
express
their
feelings
by
simple
gestures.
1动词?ing形式作宾语和表语
一、动词?ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
接动词?ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：
avoid，miss，delay/put
off避免错过少延期
advise，finish，practise建议完成多练习
enjoy，imagine，can't
help喜欢想象禁不住
admit，deny，envy承认否定与嫉妒
escape，risk，excuse逃避冒险莫原谅
stand，keep，mind忍受保持不介意
He
admitted
referring
to
his
notes
in
the
exam.
他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。
She
can't
stand
being
looked
down
upon
in
public.
她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起的感觉。
Would
you
mind
opening
the
window?
你介意打开窗子吗？
He
tried
to
avoid
answering
my
questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
2．作介词的宾语
在下面的短语中，常用动词?ing形式作介词的宾语：
be
good
at，dream
of，care
about，be
concerned
about，be
interested
in，feel
like，insist
on，think
of，aim
at，set
about，be
used
to习惯于；get
down
to开始做；lead
to导致；devote
oneself
to献身于……；look
forward
to期待；stick
to坚持；pay
attention
to注意。
I
dream
of
sailing
around
the
world
and
leading
a
happy
life.
我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。
He
insisted
on
doing
it
in
his
own
way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I'm
looking
forward
to
your
coming
next
time.
我期待着你下一次的到来。
Because
of
the
bad
weather，they
have
to
give
up
going
out
for
a
picnic
tomorrow.
因为天气不好，他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。
3．在以下结构中，动词?ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。
spend...(in)
doing花费……做某事
have
difficulty/trouble
(in)
doing...做……有困难/麻烦
stop/prevent...(from)
doing阻止……做某事
waste
time
(in)
doing浪费时间做某事
be
busy
(in)
doing忙于做某事
have
a
good/hard
time
(in)
doing高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事
There
is
no
point
(in)
doing做某事毫无意义
He
is
always
busy
working
every
day，which
has
made
him
have
little
time
to
play
with
his
child.
他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。
There
is
no
point
giving
him
such
a
good
chance.
给他提供这样一个好机会没有意义。
[即学即练1]——单句语法填空
①I'm
looking
forward
to
hearing
(hear)
from
you.
②He
devotes
himself
to
looking
(look)
into
the
matter.
③She
likes
spending
much
money
buying
(buy)
clothes
for
herself.
4．动词?ing形式作宾语时的几个特殊情况
(1)动词?ing的复合结构。
＋动词?ing
Would
you
mind
my/me
closing
the
window?
你介意我关上窗户吗？
Would
you
mind
Mary's/Mary
closing
the
window?
你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？
[名师点津]
动词?ing的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词(宾格)/名词's所有格＋not
doing...。
(2)某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词?ing作宾语。
①动词begin，start，continue等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词?ing作宾语，意义基本相同。
They
continued
discussing/to
discuss
the
plan
after
having
a
rest.
休息了一会后，他们继续讨论这项计划。
②动词love，like，hate等后可跟动词?ing和不定式作宾语，但接动词?ing表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。
I
love
walking
with
my
friend
on
a
sunny
day.(习惯)我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚的日子里散步。
It
is
a
pleasant
day
today，so
I
love
to
have
a
walk
with
my
friend.(具体)
今天是个令人愉快的日子，所以我想和朋友一起散散步。
③一些动词后既可跟动词?ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。
He
forgot
turning
the
light
off.
他忘记他已经关了灯。
The
light
in
the
office
is
still
on.He
forgot
to
turn
it
off.
办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关了。
[名师点津]
对比记忆作宾语的动词含义
They
stopped
to
have
a
look
at
the
fantastic
scenery.
他们停下来，看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。
They
stopped
working
and
had
a
rest.
他们停止工作，休息了一下。
(3)用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词?ing形式。
其结构如下：
主语＋＋it＋＋doing...
I
found
it
useless/no
use
arguing
about
it.
我发现争论这件事没有用。
Do
you
consider
it
any
good
trying
again?
你觉得再试会有用吗？
(4)在动词need，require，want，deserve后，用动词?ing形式表示被动含义，即need/require/want/deserve
doing＝need/require/want/deserve
to
be
done。
These
clothes
need
washing.＝These
clothes
need
to
be
washed.
这些衣服需要洗。
The
house
requires
repairing.＝The
house
requires
to
be
repaired.
这座房子需要修理。
(5)在(be)
worth后面只能用动词?ing形式来表示被动含义。
The
film
is
worth
seeing
a
second
time.
这部电影值得再看一次。
[即学即练2]——单句语法填空
①I
remember
seeing
(see)
her
before，but
I
can't
remember
when
it
was.
②You
must
remember
to
tell
(tell)
Jackson
the
news
tonight.
③I
didn't
mean
to
visit
(visit)
him
yesterday
afternoon.
④Giving
up
your
plan
means
losing
(lose)
a
large
amount
of
money.
⑤All
of
us
stopped
talking
(talk)
when
we
saw
our
teacher
come
in.
⑥She
felt
thirsty,
so
she
stopped
to
get
(get)
a
drink
of
water.
二、动词?ing形式作表语
1．动名词用作表语
Her
job
is
checking
letter
of
credit
and
terms
of
contract.
她的工作是核对信用证和合同款。
That
is
not
playing
the
game.
这样做就不公平了。
This
was
really
carrying
matters
a
little
too
far.
这事做得真有点太过分了。
[名师点津1]
不要把作表语用的动名词和现在进行时态混淆。
动名词说明主语的情况或性质，其内容在逻辑上等于主语的内容；
现在分词说明动作是由主语完成的(即表示主语正在进行的动作)。
His
job
is
cleaning
the
classroom.(动名词短语作表语)
他的工作就是打扫课室。
He
is
cleaning
the
classroom.(谓语，现在进行时)
他正在打扫课室。
[名师点津2]
动名词(短语)和不定式(短语)都能用作主语或表语，两者的区别是：
表示比较抽象、一般的行为，不跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时，多用动名词(短语)；
表示具体某次行为、特别是将来的行为，往往跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时，多用不定式。
但在多数情况下，两者差别不太大，可以互用。试比较：
Our
job
is
building
houses.(经常性的一般行为)
我们的工作是盖房子。
Our
main
task
now
is
to
build
this
house.(特定的具体某次行为)
我们现在的主要任务是盖这间房子。
[即学即练3]——单句语法填空
①One
of
the
good
exercises
is
swimming(swim)．
②The
real
problem
is
getting(get)
to
know
the
needs
of
the
customers.
③The
important
thing
now
is
to
save(save)
lives.
2．现在分词用作表语
现在分词作表语，总是跟在系动词之后，构成复合谓语。现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征。
许多作表语的现在分词几乎已经形容词化，可以用副词修饰，也可以有比较级形式。这类常见的现在分词有amazing,
amusing,
annoying,
astonishing,
boring,
charming等。
The
development
of
our
aviation
industry
is
quite
encouraging.
我们的航空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的。
A
few
pages
are
wanting.
有几处缺页。
The
whole
damned
day
had
been
humiliating.
这一整天可坏透了，令人丢脸。
[名师点津1]
现在分词作表语时，系动词除be外还有appear,
sound,
look,
become,
come,
get,
go,
grow,
keep,
remain,
seem等。
What
he
says
sounds
more
convincing.
他说的话听起来更有说服力。
The
European
scene
began
to
look
threatening
again.
欧洲局势再度出现危险。
[名师点津2]
现在分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，表示性质或状态；进行时态中的分词是谓语动词的组成部分，表示具体的动作，两者不可混淆。
The
present
situation
is
encouraging.(表语)
目前的形势是令人鼓舞的。
The
present
situation
is
encouraging
us
to
stride
forward
in
production.(现在进行时)
目前的形势正在鼓舞我们在生产上迈步前进。
The
problem
is
quite
pressing.(表语)
问题很紧迫。
She
is
pressing
the
button.(现在进行时)
她正在按电钮。
[即学即练4]——单句语法填空
①The
situation
both
at
home
and
abroad
is
very
inspiring(inspire)．
②The
book
is
interesting(interest)
and
I'm
interested
in
it.
③He
remembered
our
names
from
ten
years
ago—isn't
that
just
amazing(amaze)?
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Poems
which
had
seemed
dull
and
boring(bore)
suddenly
came
to
life.
2．The
bird
narrowly
escaped
being
shot
(shoot)
by
the
hunter.
3．She
looked
small
and
gentle
and
altogether
charming(charm)．
4．Do
you
feel
like
having
(have)
a
walk
with
me
after
supper?
5．My
father
suggested
reading
(read)
more
books
in
my
spare
time.
6．To
avoid
being
seen
(see)
by
the
teacher,
Tony
stole
into
the
classroom
by
the
back
door.
7．Have
you
considered
building
(build)
a
house
in
the
countryside?
8．Some
of
the
children
are
shy
and
they
have
some
difficulty
in
making
(make)
friends.
9．We
regret
to
inform
(inform)
you
that
you
will
have
to
give
up
this
chance.
10．We
agreed
to
meet
(meet)
here，but
so
far
she
hasn't
turned
up
yet.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．目前形势令人惊恐。
The
present
situation
is
terrifying．
2．这个问题正在会上讨论。
This
question
is
being
discussed
at
the
meeting.
3．当这个人看完信后，他看着他的朋友。
After
the
man
finished
reading
the
letter,
he
looked
at
his
friend.
4．李明一直梦想着将来可以开始他自己的生意。
Li
Ming
has
always
been
dreaming
of
starting
his
own
business
in
the
future.
5．尽管我是一个残疾人，但我在生活中总是喜欢帮助别人。
While
I'm
a
disabled
man,
I
always
enjoy
helping
others
in
my
daily
life.
1
