课时分层作业(十三)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I
blamed
George
for
the
failure
of
the
talks.
2．The
town
fell
into
a
decline
after
the
mine
closed.
3．Personal
characteristics(特征)，such
as
age
and
sex
are
taken
into
account.
4．The
case
has
generated(产生)
enormous
publicity
in
Brazil.
5．Studies
suggest
that
life
originated
only
once，from
a
single
ancestor.
6．He
suspected
that
the
woman
staying
in
the
flat
above
was
using
heroin.
7．The
interviews
were
given
to
a
random
sample(样本)
of
students.
8．The
time
we
spent
together
is
now
a
distant
memory.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
When
a
leafy
plant
is
under
attack，it
doesn't
sit
quietly.Back
in
1983，two
scientists，Jack
Schultz
and
Ian
Baldwin，reported
that
young
maple
trees
getting
bitten
by
insects
send
out
a
particular
smell
that
neighboring
plants
can
get.These
chemicals
come
from
the
injured
parts
of
the
plant
and
seem
to
be
an
alarm.What
the
plants
pump
through
the
air
is
a
mixture
of
chemicals
known
as
volatile
organic
compounds，VOCs
for
short.
Scientists
have
found
that
all
kinds
of
plants
give
out
VOCs
when
being
attacked.It's
a
plant's
way
of
crying
out.But
is
anyone
listening？Apparently.Because
we
can
watch
the
neighbours
react.
Some
plants
pump
out
smelly
chemicals
to
keep
insects
away.But
others
do
double
duty.They
pump
out
perfumes
designed
to
attract
different
insects
who
are
natural
enemies
to
the
attackers.Once
they
arrive，the
tables
are
turned.The
attacker
who
was
lunching
now
becomes
lunch.
In
study
after
study，it
appears
that
these
chemical
conversations
help
the
neighbors.The
damage
is
usually
more
serious
on
the
first
plant，but
the
neighbors，relatively
speaking，stay
safer
because
they
heard
the
alarm
and
knew
what
to
do.
Does
this
mean
that
plants
talk
to
each
other?
Scientists
don't
know.Maybe
the
first
plant
just
made
a
cry
of
pain
or
was
sending
a
message
to
its
own
branches，and
so，in
effect，was
talking
to
itself.Perhaps
the
neighbors
just
happened
to
“overhear”
the
cry.So
information
was
exchanged，but
it
wasn't
a
true，intentional
back
and
forth.
Charles
Darwin，over
150
years
ago，imagined
a
world
far
busier，noisier
and
more
intimate(亲密的)
than
the
world
we
can
see
and
hear.Our
senses
are
weak.There's
a
whole
lot
going
on.
【语篇解读】 当植物受到攻击时它们怎么反应？怎么交流？
1．What
does
a
plant
do
when
it
is
under
attack?
A．It
makes
noises.
B．It
gets
help
from
other
plants.
C．It
stands
quietly.
D．It
sends
out
certain
chemicals.
D [根据第一段“Ian
Baldwin，reported
that
young
maple
trees
getting
bitten
by
insects
send
out
a
particular
smell
that
neighboring
plants
can
get.These
chemicals
come
from
the
injured
parts
of
the
plant
and
seem
to
be
an
alarm”可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌出一种化学物质，故D项正确。]
2．What
does
the
author
mean
by
“the
tables
are
turned”
in
Paragraph
3?
A．The
attackers
get
attacked.
B．The
insects
gather
under
the
table.
C．The
plants
get
ready
to
fight
back.
D．The
perfumes
attract
natural
enemies.
A [词义猜测题。根据第三段“Once
they
arrive，the
tables
are
turned.The
attacker
who
was
lunching
now
becomes
lunch.”可知，一旦它们到达这里，攻击者就成为植物的午餐，故A项正确。]
3．Scientists
find
from
their
studies
that
plants
can
.
A．predict
natural
disasters
B．protect
themselves
against
insects
C．talk
to
one
another
intentionally
D．help
their
neighbors
when
necessary
B [细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists
have
found
that
all
kinds
of
plants
give
out
VOCs
when
being
attacked.”可知，植物分泌出VOCs，是为了保护自己，故B项正确。]
4．What
can
we
infer
from
the
last
paragraph?
A．The
word
is
changing
faster
than
ever.
B．People
have
stronger
senses
than
before.
C．The
world
is
more
complex
than
it
seems.
D．People
in
Darwin's
time
were
imaginative.
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段“imagined
a
world
far
busier，noisier
and
more
intimate(亲密的)
than
the
world
we
can
see
and
hear”可知，这个世界比我们看到或者听到的更热闹更亲密，因此世界也比我们想象的更复杂，故C项正确。]
B
British
people
work
some
of
the
longest
hours
in
Europe，but
are
among
the
least
productive.Now
some
companies
are
shortening
the
working
week
to
increase
efficiency，health
and
happiness.
Rich
Leigh
has
introduced
a
four?day
week
at
his
PR
company.In
fact，his
entire
company
has
Friday
off，because
his
firm
has
adopted
a
four?day
week.It
is
one
of
a
handful
of
UK
businesses
that
now
operate
like
this:
staff
still
get
paid
their
previous
five?day
salary，but
they
work
a
day
less.The
company
found
that
they
achieved
just
as
much—and
there
were
even
sighs
of
growth.“The
key
to
the
scheme's
success，”
Leigh
says，“is
how
happy
our
employees
now
are.”
The
average
British
worker
takes
only
a
34
minute
lunch
break
and
works
10
hours
overtime
each
week
(more
often
than
not
this
is
unpaid)．Yet
UK
productivity
falls
seriously
behind
their
European
neighbors，who
tend
to
work
fewer
hours.
British
working
practices
have
caused
loss
and
damage
to
the
nation's
health
and
happiness.More
than
half
a
million
workers
in
the
UK
were
signed
off
with
work?related
stress
or
anxiety
last
year.Moreover，the
work
landscape
itself
is
changing.Automation
and
AI
will
have
a
significant
impact
on
the
labor
market，where
unsteady
work
becomes
more
common.
Britain
is
the
only
EU
member
that
allows
workers
to
ignore
the
EU
working
time
limit
and
work
longer
hours.For
campaigners，now
is
the
time
for
a
change.O'Grady，an
advocate，argues
that
where
businesses
have
increased
their
profits
as
a
result
of
automation，success
should
be
shared
with
workers
in
the
form
of
reduced
hours.“It's
time
to
share
the
benefits
from
new
technology，not
allowing
those
at
the
top
to
grab
them
for
themselves.”
she
says.
【语篇解读】 文章主要介绍了一些英国公司的四天工作制度。
5．We
can
learn
from
the
passage
that
.
A．British
people
are
the
least
productive
in
the
world
B．Most
companies
in
Britain
have
conducted
a
four?day
week
C．PR
company
has
witnessed
a
rise
in
employees'
happiness
D．British
people
work
longer
and
get
more
payment
than
other
countries
C [推理判断题。答案定位在第二段“The
company
found
that
they
achieved
just
as
much—and
there
were
even
sighs
of
growth.‘The
key
to
the
scheme's
success，’Leigh
says，‘is
how
happy
our
employees
now
are.’”(
该公司发现他们也取得了同样的成绩——甚至还有增长的迹象。“该计划成功的关键，”
Leigh说，“是我们的员工现在有多快乐。”)由此推断出PR公司见证了员工幸福感的提升，故选C。]
6．Which
is
the
proper
description
of
British
working
practices?
A．The
working
time
of
British
workers
is
within
the
EU
limit.
B．In
terms
of
productivity，Britain
is
beaten
by
the
United
States.
C．Profits
gained
from
new
technology
are
on
the
decrease.
D．Automation
and
AI
are
likely
to
cause
an
instable
work
market.
D [细节理解题。答案定位在第四段“Automation
and
AI
will
have
a
significant
impact
on
the
labor
market，where
unsteady
work
becomes
more
common.”(自动化和人工智能将对劳动力市场产生重大影响，不稳定的工作变得更加普遍。)由此可知，对英国工作实践的恰当描述是自动化和人工智能很可能导致不稳定的工作市场，故选D。]
7．Which
can
be
inferred
from
O'Grady's
words
in
the
last
paragraph?
A．It's
time
for
employers
to
share
the
increased
profits
created
by
automation.
B．Workers
should
benefit
from
automation
in
the
form
of
less
working
hours.
C．New
technology
should
belong
to
both
businesses
and
workers.
D．Businesses
can't
make
more
profits
without
new
technology.
B [推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段“O'Grady，an
advocate，argues
that
where
businesses
have
increased
their
profits
as
a
result
of
automation，success
should
be
shared
with
workers
in
the
form
of
reduced
hours.”(拥护者O'Grady认为，在自动化提高了企业利润的地方，成功应该以减少工时的形式与工人分享。)由此推断出O'Grady的话的意思是工人应该从减少工作时间的自动化中获益，故选B。]
8．What
is
the
author's
purpose
of
writing
the
passage?
A．To
introduce
some
British
firms'
switch
to
a
four?day
working
week.
B．To
explain
the
reasons
why
British
workers
suffer
stress
and
anxiety.
C．To
appeal
for
more
reasonable
working
conditions.
D．To
present
the
current
productivity
problem
in
Britain.
A [写作意图题。第二段“Rich
Leigh
has
introduced
a
four?day
week
at
his
PR
company.”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知这篇文章主要介绍了一些英国公司的四天工作制度，故选A。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Different
weather
makes
people
feel
different.It
influences
(影响)
health，intelligence
(智力)
and
feelings.
In
August，it
is
very
hot
and
wet
in
the
southern
part
of
the
United
States.
1
.In
the
Northeast
and
the
Middle
West，it
is
very
hot
at
some
times
and
very
cold
at
other
times.People
in
these
states
have
more
heart
trouble
after
the
weather
changes
in
February
or
March.
The
weather
can
also
influence
intelligence.For
example，in
a
1983
report
by
scientists，IQ
(智商)
of
a
group
students
was
very
high
when
a
very
strong
wind
came，but
after
the
strong
wind，their
IQ
was
10%
lower.
2
.Very
hot
weather，on
the
other
hand
(另一方面)，can
make
it
lower.Students
in
many
schools
of
the
United
States
often
get
worse
on
exams
in
the
hot
months
of
the
year
(July
and
August)．
Weather
also
has
a
strong
influence
on
people's
feelings.Winter
may
be
a
bad
time
for
thin
people.They
usually
feel
cold
during
these
months.They
might
feel
unhappy
during
cold
weather.
3
.They
even
don't
like
to
do
outdoor
activities.
Low
air
pressure
(气压)
may
make
people
forgetful.
4
.There
is
a
“good
weather”
for
work
and
health.People
feel
best
at
a
temperature
of
about
18
centigrade
(摄氏度)．
Are
you
feeling
sad，tired，forgetful，or
unhappy
today?
5
.
A．It
may
be
the
weather's
problem
B．Warm
weather
can
have
a
bad
effect
on
health
C．The
wind
can
help
people
have
higher
intelligence
D．But
fat
people
may
have
a
hard
time
in
hot
weather
E．People
may
have
higher
intelligence
when
low
air
pressure
comes
F．People
leave
more
bags
on
buses
and
in
shops
on
low
pressure
days
G．People
there
have
heart
trouble
and
other
kinds
of
health
problems
during
this
month
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了天气对人们各个方面的影响。
1．G [推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句话“In
the
Northeast
and
the
Middle
West，it
is
very
hot
at
some
times
and
very
cold
at
other
times.People
in
these
states
have
more
heart
trouble
after
the
weather
changes
in
February
or
March.”(在东北部和中西部，有时非常热，有时非常冷。在这些州的人们在二月或者三月的变天后更多地患有心脏病。)可知，人们在很热或者很冷的情况下容易诱发心脏病，所以，在八月，美国的南部地区炎热且潮湿的时候，人们很容易得心脏病和其他疾病，故选G。]
2．C [推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“For
example，in
a
1983
report
by
scientists，IQ(智商)
of
a
group
of
students
was
very
high
when
a
very
strong
wind
came，but
after
the
strong
wind，their
IQ
was
10%
lower.”(例如，根据1983年的一个科学报告，当强风到来的时候，一组学生的智商在此时是非常高的，但是在强风走后，他们的智商下降了10%)，所以得出的结论就是：强风可以帮助人们使他们的智商变高。故选C。]
3．D [推理判断题。由第四段开头“Weather
also
has
a
strong
influence
on
people's
feelings.”可知，天气可以影响人们的感觉。然后讲了冬天对于瘦人来说可能是一个很坏的时刻，因为他们因为瘦而感到寒冷；说完瘦人就开始说胖人来作为一个对比：胖人在夏天也不好过。故选D。]
4．F [推理判断题。根据第五段开头“Low
air
pressure(气压)
may
make
people
forgetful.”(低气压可能使人们健忘)可知，接下来作者可能会讲人们在低气压下健忘的表现，故选F。]
5．A [推理判断题。最后一段是对全文的一个总结：如果你感到悲伤、难过、健忘和不开心，那就是天气在作怪。故填A。]
1课时分层作业(十五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Do
plants
listen
to
music?
How
can
a
plant
possibly
respond
to
music?
Well，plants
breathe
through
their
many
mouths，which
are
also
known
as
stomata
and
it
has
been
discovered
that
plant
stomata
respond
to
music!
A
few
years
ago，scientists
at
the
University
of
California，San
Diego
discovered
what
controls
a
plant's
stomata.The
two
cells
that
form
the
stoma
consist
of
specialized
cells
adjusted
to
the
resonant(共鸣的)frequency
of
calcium(钙)．When
exposed
to
this
frequency
the
stomata
close.However，if
the
frequency
isn't
exactly
right
the
cells
will
open
again
within
an
hour.This
happens
even
if
the
concentration
of
calcium
is
high
enough
that
the
stomata
would
normally
close.
When
specific
music
or
bird
songs
cause
the
plant
to
vibrate(颤动)，but
not
at
the
exact
frequency
for
calcium
resonance，the
stomata
will
open
after
a
misjudgment
of
time，even
though
the
plant
would
keep
them
closed
under
normal
circumstances.
Testing
has
shown
that
a
leaf
fertilizer(肥料)applied
to
the
plant
will
have
more
effect
on
the
development
and
growth
of
the
plant
if
its
stomata
are
wide
open.This
is
quite
logical，because
plants
absorb
the
leaf
fertilizer
through
their
stomata.Combinations
of
frequency
and
leaf
fertilizer
are
available
for
many
different
crops.However，if
the
stomata
are
forced
to
remain
open，the
plant
won't
be
able
to
control
the
amount
of
water
lost
and
so
it
risks
dehydration(脱水)．As
a
result，exposing
plants
to
music
for
over
3
hours
a
day
could
endanger
their
health.There
could
also
be
bad
effects
on
plants
if
the
volume
or
frequency
is
too
high.
It
isn't
exactly
clear
how
music
influences
the
development
and
growth
of
plants，but
more
and
more
is
being
discovered
about
resonance
physics
and
we're
closer
than
ever
to
solid
scientific
proof
and
theories
in
this
area.Maybe，in
twenty
years'
time
people
will
laugh
if
you
say
plants
don't
have
ears!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普文。主要介绍了音乐对植物的影响。
1．Why
does
the
author
ask
the
questions
in
Paragraph
1?
A．To
express
his
doubts.
B．To
present
different
ideas.
C．To
describe
the
lifestyle
of
plants.
D．To
introduce
points
for
discussion.
D [推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“it
has
been
discovered
that
plant
stomata
respond
to
music”以及下文内容可以推断，作者在文章首段提出那两个问题是为了引出本文要讨论的主题。]
2．What
does
the
underlined
word
“This”
in
Paragraph
2
refer
to?
A．The
reopening
of
the
cells.
B．The
change
in
frequency.
C．The
frequency
of
calcium.
D．The
closing
of
the
stomata.
A [代词指代题。根据上下文内容可知，画线词是指代上文提到的“the
cells
will
open
again”这一情况。]
3．It
call
be
inferred
from
the
text
that
.
A．future
plants
are
likely
to
have
ears
B．how
music
affects
plant
growth
is
widely
known
C．growers
must
be
careful
when
exposing
plants
to
music
D．the
stomata
don't
affect
the
effect
of
leaf
fertilizer
on
plants
C [推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知，如果让植物长时间地暴露在音乐环境中或者音乐的音量或频率过高，会对植物产生不良的影响，如植物会脱水等。由此可以推断，种植者在让植物暴露在音乐环境中时必须小心。]
4．Which
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A．Benefits
of
Music
to
Plants
B．Influence
of
Music
on
Plants
C．How
to
Improve
Plant
Growth?
D．How
Do
Plants
Listen
Without
Ears?
B [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲音乐能够促进植物的生长，但是如果让植物长时间地暴露在音乐环境中或者音乐的音量或频率过高，反而会对植物产生不良的影响。由此可知，B项“音乐对植物的影响”最能概括本文的内容。]
B
My
first
term
at
MIT(麻省理工学院)was
awesome—I
got
all
A's，and
I
declared
math
as
my
major.My
parents
were
expecting
me
to
become
a
doctor
like
them
so
I
was
trying
to
satisfy
them.But
I
was
desperately
running
away
from
them.I
had
no
idea
what
I
wanted
to
do
with
my
life.My
third
term，I
ended
up
with
a
D
in
math.I
didn't
do
that
well
in
my
other
classes，either.It
seemed
like
all
my
friends
were
doing
so
well，getting
opportunities
over
the
summers.
My
fifth
term，I
realized
that
I
was
awful
at
higher?level
math.I
had
lost
all
confidence
in
myself.I
went
to
a
few
classes
at
the
beginning
of
the
term，but
after
by
midterm，I
had
totally
stopped.My
only
relief
was
the
dance
team
I
was
on.I
would
sleep
all
day，and
then
go
to
dance
practice，and
then
go
back
to
sleep.As
expected，I
failed
in
all
of
my
classes
and
had
to
withdraw
from
MIT.
I
had
no
choice
but
to
tell
my
parents.Instead
of
yelling
or
hitting
me，though，they
just
held
me
and
cried.The
next
day，my
dad
took
a
day
off
from
work
and
took
me
to
a
nearby，small
arts
college.
I
had
lost
all
confidence
in
myself.Before
my
first
biology
test，I
didn't
think
I
could
pass.I
did
pass.Since
I
had
so
much
free
time，I
decided
to
join
a
biology
lab.I
realized
that
was
what
I
wanted
to
do!
I
wanted
to
be
a
scientist!
This
past
May，I
graduated
with
the
highest
honors，and
now
I
have
my
PhD
in
biology.Though
it
ended
up
taking
me
5
years
to
graduate
from
college，I
can
say
now
that
dropping
out
of
MIT
was
one
of
the
best
things
that
ever
happened
to
me.I've
realized
that
a
person
is
not
their
grades.I've
realized
how
much
my
parents
loved
me.I've
finally
discovered
my
passion(热情)in
life!
【语篇解读】 短文讲述了一名麻省理工学院学生在退学后又经过努力，找到自己的兴趣和目标的故事。
5．How
was
the
author's
first
term
at
MIT?
A．He
was
busy
with
exams.
B．He
knew
his
goals
clearly.
C．He
did
well
in
all
subjects.
D．He
was
fed
up
with
math.
C [细节理解题。由一段中的“My
first
term
at
MIT(麻省理工学院)was
awesome—I
got
all
A's”可知，我在麻省理工的第一学期成绩非常棒——所有的科我都得了A。所以作者第一学期各科成绩很好。故C选项正确。]
6．How
did
the
author's
parents
react
to
his
failing
at
MIT?
A．They
hit
him.
B．They
yelled
at
him.
C．They
quit
their
jobs
to
teach
him.
D．They
forgave
him
for
what
he
did.
D [细节理解题。由第三段中的“Instead
of
yelling
or
hitting
me，though，they
just
held
me
and
cried.The
next
day，my
dad
took
a
day
off
from
work
and
took
me
to
a
nearby，small
arts
college.”可知，然而，他们(父母)没有对我喊叫或打我，只是抱着我哭了。第二天，我爸爸请了一天假，带我去了附近的一所小型艺术学院。所以作者的父母没有因为他退学而责罚他，而是原谅了他。故D选项正确。]
7．In
the
arts
college
the
author
.
A．rebuilt
his
confidence
B．volunteered
at
many
labs
C．found
it
hard
to
learn
biology
D．hated
the
learning
environment
A [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Before
my
first
biology
test，I
didn't
think
I
could
pass.I
did
pass.Since
I
had
so
much
free
time，I
decided
to
join
a
biology
lab.I
realized
that
was
what
I
wanted
to
do!
I
wanted
to
be
a
scientist！”可知，在我第一次生物考试之前，我认为我不能通过。但是我真的通过了。因为我有很多的空闲时间，所以我决定加入一个生物实验室。我意识到这就是我想做的！我想成为一名科学家！所以通过作者考试成绩，以及作者意识到了自己真正想做的事情可以判断出，作者在新学校里逐渐找回了自信。故A选项正确。]
8．What
do
we
know
about
the
author
from
the
last
paragraph?
A．He
felt
sorry
for
his
parents.
B．He
discovered
his
true
interest.
C．He
realized
the
importance
of
grades.
D．He
felt
ashamed
of
his
failing
at
MIT.
B [细节理解题。由最后一段中的“I've
finally
discovered
my
passion(热情)
in
life”可知，我终于发现了我生活中的激情！所以作者找到了生活中自己的兴趣所在。故B选项正确。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
One
winter
Sunday，my
little
sister，Colleen，and
I
built
the
greatest
snowman
ever.We
gave
him
a
carrot
nose，beautiful
hat，cozy
scarf
and
gloves.He
was
a
masterpiece(杰作)．
The
next
morning
when
looking
outside，we
smiled
lovingly
at
him
over
our
meal.We
gave
him
a
high?five
as
we
passed
by
on
our
way
to
school.A
lot
of
kids
went
past
our
house，so
he
was
the
hot
topic
at
our
school
that
morning.It
was
our
pride!
The
day
dragged
on
until
finally
we
could
rush
home.But
as
our
yard
came
into
sight，we
saw
something
wrong.The
snowman
was
gone!
We
only
found
a
broken
stick
here，a
torn
glove
there
and
balls
of
snow
everywhere.Worst
of
all，the
snowman's
once?proud
carrot
nose
lay
limp(无力的)and
half?eaten.
What
had
happened?
We
were
both
astonished
and
angry.But
then，we
were
only
kids，who
wouldn't
have
anything
taking
away
our
happiness.Actually
we
knew
only
one
thing：Our
snowman
would
rise
again.And
so
we
rebuilt
him.
The
next
day
we
came
home
to
find
another
mess
on
the
front
lawn(草坪)．For
the
rest
of
the
week，the
destruction
was
repeated
daily.Each
afternoon
we'd
return
to
find
our
snowman
had
fallen
apart，and
then
we
built
again.
By
Saturday
morning，we
had
a
plan.We
borrowed
a
really
big
bucket
(水桶)
from
Mom，filled
it
with
water
and
left
it
outside.The
next
morning，it
was
frozen
solid.We
packed
snow
all
around
the
ice
block
as
the
base
(底座)of
the
snowman.Then
we
built
the
other
parts
of
it
once
again.The
trap
was
set，and
we
waited
for
the
snowman
bullies(破坏者)to
come.
Paragraph
1：
Monday
morning，hiding
behind
the
window，we
soon
saw
what
we
were
waiting
for.
Paragraph
2：
Seeing
their
pained
look，we
couldn't
help
laughing.
【参考范文】
Monday
morning，hiding
behind
the
window，we
soon
saw
what
we
were
waiting
for.It
turned
out
that
there
were
three
of
them
from
our
school.They
sneaked
up
on
our
snowman
and
sneered.Taking
their
places
on
either
side，they
pulled
back
their
legs
to
deliver
powerful
kicks.But
the
moment
they
hit
the
hard
ice
block
of
the
base，sneers
turned
into
shock，then
agony
and
tears.They
howled
and
cursed，gritting
their
teeth
and
stomping
their
feet.
Seeing
their
pained
look，we
couldn't
help
laughing.They
were
too
funny
as
they
hopped
away
holding
their
damaged
feet.We
just
couldn't
contain
our
happiness
and
excitement.With
a
hearty
laugh，we
came
out
of
hiding
and
sprang
into
the
yard
from
inside
the
house.“An
eye
for
an
eye!
Justice
done！”
We
yelled
behind
them.And
that
was
the
end
of
our
problems
with
the
snow
bullies.Ever
since
then，our
snowman
was
kept
guarded
and
intact
until
it
happily
melted
into
spring
water
and
finally
wove
into
our
sweetest
childhood
memories.
1All
nature
is
but
art，unknown
to
thee.
整个自然都是艺术，这是你所不知的。
—Pope
Nature
is
not
governed
except
by
obeying
her.
自然不可驾驭，除非顺从她。
—Bacon
Deviation
from
nature
is
deviation
from
happiness.
对自然的背离就是对欢乐的背离。
—Samuel
Johnson
The
intimacy
between
man
and
Nature
began
with
the
birth
of
man
on
the
earth，and
becomes
each
century
more
intelligent
and
far?reaching.To
Nature，therefore，we
turn
as
to
the
oldest
aim
most
influential
teacher
of
our
race；from
one
point
of
view
once
our
task?master，now
our
servant；from
another
point
of
view，our
constant
friend，instructor
and
inspirer.
Charles
Darwin
was
born
in
1809
in
England.At
school
he
didn't
do
well
and
got
poor
marks.He
was
a
good
athlete
though
and
loved
studying
nature.He
also
kept
doing
chemistry
experiments.
His
father
was
a
doctor
and
expected
Charles
to
become
one
too.Charles
started
studying
medicine
at
Edinburgh
University
but
soon
gave
up
his
studies
there.
In
1831，Darwin
went
on
a
five?year
journey
to
South
America，Australia
and
South
Africa
by
ship.He
was
seasick
but
the
things
he
saw
on
this
trip
changed
his
life.He
collected
many
animal
and
plant
specimens.
In
1839，Darwin
married
his
cousin
Emma
Wedgwood
with
whom
he
had
ten
children!
He
was
a
loving
father
and
enjoyed
family
life
which
was
always
more
important
to
him
than
his
research.In
spite
of
having
many
health
problems
throughout
his
life，Darwin
lived
until
he
was
73.
Darwin's
most
famous
book
On
the
Origin
of
Species
came
out
in
1859
and
sold
out
in
a
day.It
said
that
all
living
things
were
related.His
ideas
were
not
popular
at
first，but
now
most
people
agree
with
them
and
admire
Darwin
as
a
great
scientist.
[探究发现]
1．What
was
Darwin's
father?
A
doctor.
2．How
many
continents
had
he
gone
to
during
his
trip?
Three.
3．When
Darwin
died?
In
1882.
1速读P50－51教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．The
captain
of
the
ship，the
Beagle，was
Charles
Darwin.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
2．Darwin
began
his
trip
on
the
Beagle
after
he
completed
his
degree.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．In
1831，people
believed
that
all
species
had
appeared
on
Earth
at
the
same
time.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．When
Darwin
reached
the
Galapagos
Islands，he
raised
the
question：how
did
different
species
come
to
exist?
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－4 BBAC
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．that
living
things
had
evolved
from
lower
forms
of
life
B．that
more
and
more
people
started
to
believe
his
theory
C．that
the
finches
had
evolved
from
a
common
ancestor
D．that
he
would
be
“a
disgrace
to
yourself
and
all
your
family”
E．what
food
was
available
on
that
particular
island
F．how
did
different
species
come
to
exist
1．What's
more，he
had
recently
received
a
letter
from
his
father
predicting
.
2．As
he
studied
these，he
asked
himself
the
question:
？
3．It
seemed
their
beaks
had
evolved
according
to
.
4．Darwin
suspected
，which
had
arrived
on
the
islands
a
long
time
before.
5．Many
people
refused
to
believe
.
6．But
Darwin's
scientific
studies
were
so
convincing
.
[答案] 1－6 DFECAB
Ⅲ.表格填空
A
Journey
of
Discovery
Begin
his
journey
Darwin，who
was
1.fascinated
by
rocks，plants
and
animals，began
his
journey
on
the
ship
of
the
2.Beagle
in
1931.
Generate
ideas
When
he
was
in
South
America，he
collected
samples
of
plants
and
animals.As
he
studied
the
samples
he
raised
the
3.question：how
did
different
species
come
to
exist？
Look
for
evidence
In
4.1835，when
he
arrived
at
the
Galapagos
Islands，the
5.birds
interested
him
most，and
he
found
there
was
a
6.difference
between
the
finches
on
each
of
the
islands，which
seemed
their
7.beaks
had
evolved
according
to
the
food
on
the
island.
Develop
ideas
Darwin
8.suspected
the
finches
had
evolved
from
a
common
ancestor
arriving
on
the
islands
a
long
time
ago.
Propose
a
theory
His
completely
new
idea
of
9.evolution
was
explained
in
his
book，On
the
Origin
of
Species，which
caused
a
10.storm
to
the
people.
细读P50－51教材课文，完成下列任务：
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
细读课文，匹配段落大意。
1．Para.1
A．Develop
ideas.
2．Para.2
B．Propose
a
theory.
3．Para.3
C．On
his
journey.
4．Para.4
D．Answered
the
call
of
the
captain.
5．Para.5
E．Generate
ideas.
6．Para.6
F．The
greatness
of
his
book.
7．Para.7
G．Look
for
more
evidence.
[答案] 1－5 DCEGA 6－7 BF
Ⅱ.单项选择
细读课文，选择最佳答案。
1．What's
the
opinion
of
Darwin's
father
about
his
journey?
A．He
thought
it
was
great.
B．He
thought
Darwin
was
courageous.
C．He
thought
it
was
a
shame
to
Darwin.
D．He
was
in
favour
of
the
journey.
2．Which
is
NOT
the
things
that
Darwin
fascinated?
A．Rocks.
B．Animals.
C．Plants.
D．Ships.
3．Where
did
Darwin
raised
the
question：how
did
different
species
come
to
exist?
A．In
England.
B．In
South
America.
C．In
the
Galapagos
Island.
D．In
Europe.
4．What
did
Darwin
find
on
the
Galapagos
Islands?
A．The
difference
between
the
finches
on
each
of
the
islands.
B．The
evolution
of
human
beings.
C．The
samples
of
some
birds.
D．The
food
of
different
birds.
[答案] 1－4 CDBA
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能
读后续写微技能(五)——描述心理活动
A．阅读文中含有心理活动的语句。
1．But
Darwin
began
to
think
differently.
2．They
were
shocked.
3．Darwin
suspected
that
the
finches
had
evolved
from
a
common
ancestor，...
B．判断下列语句中哪个不是描述心理活动的。
1．As
he
studied
these，he
asked
himself
the
question：how
did
different
species
come
to
exist?
2．The
young
man
in
question，Charles
Darwin，was
a
geologist
and
naturalist，fascinated
by
rocks，plants
and
animals.
[答案] 2
11．distant
adj.遥远的→distance
n．远处
2．evolve
v．进化→evolution
n．进化
3．suspect
v．猜想，怀疑→suspected
adj.被怀疑的
4．generate
v．产生，创造→generation
n．产生
5．nature
n．自然→natural
adj.
自然的
n．擅长做某事的人→naturalist
n．博物学家
Words
And
Phrases
知识要点1 distant
adj.遥远的；远处的；久远的；疏远的
(教材P50) The
captain
of
the
ship，the
Beagle，wanted
someone
who
would
“profit
by
the
opportunity
of
visiting
distant
countries
yet
little
known”．
“贝格尔号”船长需要个人，此人能“有机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。
[例1] The
airport
was
about
20
kilometres
distant.
机场在大约20公里远的地方。
[例2] Pat
sounded
very
cold
and
distant
on
the
phone.
从电话里听起来帕特非常冷淡和疏远。
[造句] 这学校距离车站3英里。
The
school
is
three
miles
distant
from
the
station.
[知识拓展]
distance
n．
距离；远方
at
a
distance
隔一段距离；距离稍远
in
the
distance
在远方
out
of
distance
from
离……太远；达不到
keep
sb.at
a
distance
对……冷淡；与……疏远
keep
distance
from
与……保持距离
distance
oneself
from
使远离；使疏远
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She
was
warned
to
keep
her
distance(distant)
from
John
if
she
didn't
want
to
get
hurt.
②The
sound
of
the
cheering
faded
away
in
the
distance.
③Jay
had
always
tended
to
keep
his
girlfriends
at
a
distance.
知识要点2 be
a
disgrace
是耻辱，是丢脸的事
(教材P50) What's
more，he
had
recently
received
a
letter
from
his
father
predicting
that
he
would
be
“a
disgrace
to
yourself
and
all
your
family”．
更有甚者，他最近收到了父亲的一封信，信中预言他将是“你和你全家的耻辱”。
[例] He
is
a
disgrace
and
an
embarrassment
to
this
hospital.他是这家医院的耻辱和尴尬。
[造句] 你成了你的学校的耻辱，你的家庭的耻辱。
You
are
a
disgrace
to
your
school，and
to
your
family.
[知识拓展]
(1)
disgrace
v．
使丢脸；使蒙受耻辱；使名誉扫
地；使失势；使失去地位
(2)in
disgrace
很不讨人喜欢
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
disgraced
myself(me)
by
drinking
far
too
much.
②Mum
told
me
Meggie
was
sent
home
in
disgrace.
知识要点3 lead
to引起，导致；通向
(教材P50) Despite
all
this，his
adventures
on
this
ship
would
lead
to
one
of
the
most
important
scientific
discoveries
of
all
time.
尽管如此，他在这艘船上的冒险经历将导致有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。
[例1] The
laws
have
lead
to
a
reduction
in
fuel
consumption
in
the
US.
这些法律已经使美国燃料消费量有所减少。
[例2] Excuse
me，does
this
road
lead
to
the
railway
station？请问，这条路通向火车站吗？
[造句] 他们的分歧导致了街头的暴力活动。
Their
disagreements
lead
to
violence
on
the
streets.
[知识拓展]
lead
sb.to
do
sth.
使某人做……
lead
sb.to...
使某人得出……
lead
sb.by
the
nose
牵着某人的鼻子走
in
the
lead
领先，处于首位
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①What
led
you
to
select(select)
your
major?
②I'm
not
going
to
allow
anyone
to
lead
me
by
the
nose.
③They
were
in
the
lead.The
finish
line
was
close.
知识要点4 fascinate
v．使入迷，吸引
(教材P50) The
young
man
in
question，Charles
Darwin，was
a
geologist
and
naturalist，fascinated
by
rocks，plants
and
animals.所提到的那位年轻人叫查尔斯·达尔文，是一位地质学家和博物学家，对岩石、植物和动物着迷。
[例1] It
was
a
question
that
had
fascinated
him
since
he
was
a
boy.这是他自幼就着迷的问题。
[例2] Therefore，I
do
not
have
anything
with
which
to
fascinate
people.
因此，我没有什么能使人着迷的东西。
[造句] 这一整个流程都让我着迷。
The
whole
process
fascinates
me.
[知识拓展]
fascinating
adj. 迷人的
fascinated
adj.
着迷的
be
fascinated
by/with...
被……迷住
fascination
n.
魅力，迷惑力；迷恋
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
retreated
before
her
only
as
quickly
as
was
necessary，fascinated(fascinate)．
②Because
of
your
existence，my
life
will
be
more
fascinating(fascinate)．
③In
those
days，she
was
fascinated
by/with
past
visitors.
知识要点5 be
crowded
with...挤满……；充满……
(教材P51) After
Darwin
had
spent
some
time
in
South
America，his
room
on
the
ship
was
crowded
with
samples
of
the
plants
and
animals
he
had
collected.
达尔文在南美待了一段时间后，在船上他的房间里塞满了收集的动植物样本。
[例1] The
old
town
square
was
crowded
with
people.
古老的小镇广场上挤满了人。
[例2] The
roads
are
crowded
with
vehicles
of
all
kinds.
马路上挤满了各种车辆。
[造句] 路上挤满了各阶层的人。
The
roads
are
all
crowded
with
people
of
all
ranks.
[知识拓展]
crowded
adj.
拥挤的
crowd
n．&
v.
人群/拥挤；聚集
a
crowd
of
一群……
the
crowd
群众；民众
crowds
of
许多
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There
were
crowds(crowd)
of
people
at
the
theatre.
②This
morning，the
ground
is
crowded
with
white
snow.
③The
crowd
was/were(be)
marching
on
the
street
to
improve
their
living
conditions.
[名师点津]
crowd可用作名词，译作“人群，大众”，在句中作主语时，谓语动词可按单数或复数对待，the
crowd“老百姓，大众”。
知识要点6 exist
vi.存在；生存，生活
(教材P51) As
he
studied
these，he
asked
himself
the
question:
how
did
different
species
come
to
exist?
当他研究这些的时候，他问了自己这个问题：不同物种是如何存在的？
[例1] The
problem
only
exists
in
your
head，Jane.
这个问题不过是你的想象，简。
[例2] Few
of
these
monkeys
still
exist
in
the
wild.
这些猴子野生的已为数不多了。
[造句] 它只存在于他的想象。
It
exists
only
in
his
imagination.
[知识拓展]
(1)exist
in
存在于……之中
exist
on＝live
on
靠……为生
There
exist...
有……，存在……
(2)existence
n.
存在；生存
in
existence
存在
out
of
existence
消失
come
into
existence
出现，产生
bring
into
existence
使……出现/产生
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①But，there
are
some
problems
existed
in
its
study.
②It
was
impossible
for
them
to
exist
on
such
a
small
income.
③New
companies
come
into
existence(exist)
every
year.
知识要点7 adapt
to
适应，适合
(教材P51) Maybe
animals
evolved
as
they
adapted
to
their
changing
environments?
也许动物是随着适应环境的变化而进化的？
[例1] I
found
it
not
easy
to
adapt
to
new
life.
我发现适应新生活并不容易。
[例2] We
must
adapt
to
a
changing
world.
我们必须适应不断变化的世界。
[造句] 我们必须通过持续不断的学习来适应新变化。
We
must
adapt
to
the
new
changes
through
our
continuous
learning.
[知识拓展]
adapt...to...
使……适应或适合……
adapt...from...
根据……改编或改写
adapt...for...
改编或改作……之用
adaptable
adj.
能适应的，适应性强的
adaptation
n.
改编(本)，改造；适应
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It's
hard
to
adapt
this
novel
for
children.
②These
flowers
are
well
adapted
to
the
harsh
winter.
③He
tried
to
adapt
himself(him)
to
the
new
life.
④The
author
is
going
to
adapt
his
play
for
television.
知识要点8
suspect
v．怀疑；不信任；猜想
(教材P51) Darwin
suspected
that
the
finches
had
evolved
from
a
common
ancestor，which
had
arrived
on
the
islands
a
long
time
before.
达尔文怀疑这些雀科小鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的，这个祖先很久以前就来到了这些岛屿。
[例1] I
suspected
her
motives
in
offering
to
help.
她主动要帮忙，我怀疑她的动机。
[例2] You
don't
really
think
Webb
suspects
you?
你不是真的认为韦布怀疑你吧？
[造句] 你为什么凭空怀疑这消息的真实性？
Why
do
you
suspect
the
truth
of
the
information?
[知识拓展]
suspect
sb.of
(doing)
sth. 怀疑某人做了某事
suspect
sb.to
be...
疑心某人是……
suspect
that...
疑心……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Some
people
suspected
him
of
theft.
②The
police
suspected
him
of
taking(take)
a
part
in
the
jewel
robbery.
③The
doctor
suspected
that
he
was
ill
with
flu.
知识要点9 convincing
adj.令人信服的；有说服力的
(教材P51) But
Darwin's
scientific
studies
were
so
convincing
that
more
and
more
people
started
to
believe
his
theory.
但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。
[例1] He
can
come
up
with
a
convincing
explanation.
他能说出个道道来。
[例2] His
version
of
the
accident
seemed
most
convincing.他对该事件的叙述似乎最令人信服。
[造句] 他每句话都在理上，使人听了不能不心服。
Everything
he
says
is
reasonable
and
convincing.
[知识拓展]
(1)convince
vt. 使确信；使信服；使相信
convince
sb.of
sth.
使某人相信某事
convince
sb.that...
使某人相信……
convince
sb.to
do
sth.
说服某人做某事
(2)convinced
adj.
坚信不移的
be
convinced
of
sth.
深信某事
be
convinced
that...
深信……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①How
can
I
convince
you
of
her
honesty?
②What
convinced
you
to
vote(vote)for
them?
③)I
tried
to
convince
myself
that
the
trouble
was
with
the
problem
itself，not
with
me.
④They
were
convinced(convince)of
the
suspect's
guilt.
[小片段助记]
He
tried
to
make
me
convince
him
of
the
explanation.I
was
convinced
of
his
words
because
of
his
convinced
expression
on
his
face.
Sentence
Patterns
重点句式 so...that...句型
(教材P51) But
Darwin's
scientific
studies
were
so
convincing
that
more
and
more
people
started
to
believe
his
theory.但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。
句式分析：句中的so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。
[例1] He
was
so
angry
that
he
couldn't
say
a
word.
他如此生气以至于说不出话。
[例2] He
is
so
young
that
she
can't
look
after
herself.
他太小了，不能照顾自己。
[造句] 他学习如此努力，以至于得了一等奖。
He
works
so
hard
that
he
got
the
first
prize.
[知识拓展]
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There
was
so
much
work
to
do
that
everybody
got
bored.
②There
was
so
little
time
left
that
we
could
hardly
finish
the
work.
③They
are
such
good
children
that
we
all
love
them.
When
the
Beagle
reached
the
Galapagos
Islands
in
1835，Darwin
saw
a
variety
of
new
species，but
it
was
the
birds
that
interested
him
the
most.
[分析] 本句是一个复合句，when引导时间状语从句，but连接并列句，but后面是一个强调句，强调主语the
birds。
[译文] 1835年，当贝格尔号到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文看到了许多新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。
教材
高考
1.The
captain
of
the
ship，the
Beagle，wanted
someone
who
would
“profit
by
the
opportunity
of
visiting
distant
countries
yet
little
known”．
(2019·天津卷)To
many
people，technology
means
computers，hand?held
devices，or
vehicles
that
travel
to
distant
planets.
2.Despite
all
this，his
adventures
on
this
ship
would
lead
to
one
of
the
most
important
scientific
discoveries
of
all
time.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It
clearly
showed
that
while
likability
can
lead
to
healthy
adjustment，high
status
has
just
the
opposite
effect
on
us.
3.After
Darwin
had
spent
some
time
in
South
America，his
room
on
the
ship
was
crowded
with
samples
of
the
plants
and
animals
he
had
collected.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Does
Kilimanjaro
deserve
its
reputation
as
a
crowded
mountain
with
lines
of
tourists
ruining
the
atmosphere
of
peace？
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I've
had
so
many
falls
that
I
have
pains
here
and
there.
2．The
evidence
from
studies
of
depression
and
heart
disease
is
most
convincing(convince)．
3．The
man
suspected(suspect)
of
killing
JonBenet
Ramsey
could
be
transferred
to
Colorado
today.
4．The
play
is
an
adaptation(adapt)
of
a
long
novel.
5．I
spotted
my
friend
at
once
among
the
crowd.
6．He
was
fascinated
with
her
beauty.
7．They
led
me
to
a
numinous
place
that
day.
8．A
doctor
like
him
is
a
disgrace
to
our
hospital.
9．He
stopped
at
safe
distance(distant)，and
watched
him
pass
by.
10．Why
do
I
believe
in
the
existence(exist)
of
atoms?
Ⅱ.短语填空
adapt
to；be
a
disgrace；suspect...of；in
the
distance；be
crowded
with；lead
to
1．I
watched
him
until
he
disappeared
in
the
distance.
2．The
way
he
handled
the
problem
was
a
disgrace
to
me.
3．This
in
turn
leads
to
decreased
support
and
maintenance
costs.
4．The
office
was
crowded
with
people
complaining
about
the
washing
machines.
5．When
he
moved
to
France，the
children
adapted
to
the
change
very
well.
6．She
was
suspected
of
having
links
with
a
criminal
group.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Darwin
was
fascinated
1.by
rocks，plants
and
animals，who
began
his
journey
2.on
the
Beagle.As
he
studied
the
samples
which
was
3.crowded(crowd)
with
his
room
on
the
ship，he
raised
the
question:
how
did
different
species
come
4.to
exist(exist)？Although
people
believed
that
all
species
had
appeared
on
Earth
at
the
same
time，Darwin
wanted
to
look
for
5.evidence(evident)
to
prove
it
was
not
true.On
the
Galapagos
Islands，he
noticed
the
6.difference(differ)
between
the
finches，and
it
seemed
their
beaks
7.had
evolved(evolve)．Darwin
suspected
the
finches
had
evolved
from
8.earlier(early)
ancestors.9.Eventually(eventual)，he
proposed
a
theory
about
evolution
10.that
living
things
had
evolved
from
lower
forms
of
life，and
published
his
book，On
the
Origin
of
Species.
1Ⅰ.匹配词义
a．给下列单词选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.seed
A．v.产生，创造
( )2.centimetre
B．v.责怪，指责；把……归咎于
( )3.generate
C．n.种子，籽
( )4.blame
D．adj.原始的，低等的
( )5.primitive
E．n.厘米
[答案] 1－5 CEABD
b．给下列短语选择正确的汉语意思。
( )1.be
to
blame
A．是耻辱，是丢脸的事
( )2.adapt
to
B．源于……的，原产于……
( )3.be
a
disgrace
C．适用于
( )4.be
native
to
D．导致
( )5.lead
to
E．该受责备
[答案] 1－5 ECABD
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．distant
adj.遥远的
2．sample
n．样本
3．suspect
v．猜想，怀疑
4．ancestor
n．祖先
5．goat
n．山羊
6．characteristic
n．特征，特性
7．decline
v．减少
8．root
n．根
9．detect
v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)
10．link
v．把……联系起来；连接
Ⅰ.语境填空
detect；generate；decline；primitive；centimetre；link；blame；characteristic；sample；root
1．The
length
of
this
pencil
is
seventeen
centimetres.
2．What
do
we
know
about
the
bonds
that
link
them?
3．They
found
a
primitive
tool
in
the
mountain.
4．I
have
no
one
to
blame
but
myself
for
what
I
have
done.
5．The
US
investment
bank
thinks
prices
will
decline
until
well
into
next
year
before
recovering
in
the
second
half
of
2009.
6．Genes
determine
the
characteristics
of
every
living
thing.
7．For
security
reason，we
have
generated
a
complicated
password
for
you.
8．The
shipment
does
not
check
with
the
sample.
9．This
is
an
instrument
that
can
detect
small
amounts
of
radiation.
10．The
root
of
this
dead
tree
has
been
gnawed
away
by
ants.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Can
you
distinguish
the
objects
in
the
distance(distant)?
2．The
police
will
keep
an
eye
open
for
the
suspected(suspect)
terrorists.
3．I
like
seeded/seedless(seed)
grapes.
4．This
is
her
ancestral(ancestor)
home.
5．We'll
explore
new
methods
of
income
generation(generate)．
6．None
of
us
is
entirely
blameless(blame)
in
this
matter.
7．I'm
afraid
something
have
been
primitively(primitive)
programmed.
8．Early
detection(detect)
of
cancers
is
very
important.
1．The
captain
of
the
ship，the
Beagle，wanted
someone
who
would“profit
by
the
opportunity
of
visiting
distant
countries
yet
little
known”．
“贝格尔号”船长需要个人，此人能“有机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。
2．The
person
who
answered
the
call
was
not
the
captain's
first
choice.
来应聘的人不是船长的首选。
3．The
young
man
in
question，Charles
Darwin，was
a
geologist
and
naturalist...
所提到的那位年轻人叫查尔斯·达尔文，是一位地质学家和博物学家……
4．At
that
time，people
believed
that
all
species
had
appeared
on
Earth
at
the
same
time，and
had
not
changed
since.
当时，人们认为地球上所有的物种都是同时出现的，并且从出现以来就没有过变化。
5．This
happens
when
a
plant，say
a
bean
plant，gets
attacked
by
insects.
这种情况发生在一棵植物，比如一棵豆秧，受到昆虫伤害的时候。
词语助读
①profit
v．获益；获利
②distant
adj.遥远的
③degree
n．学位
④What's
more再者
⑤disgrace
n．丢脸，耻辱
⑥despite
prep.尽管
⑦lead
to导致；通向
⑧scientific
adj.科学的
⑨discovery
n．发现
[1]句中的predicting...是现在分词作定语，修饰a
letter。
⑩Charles
Darwin查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文(1809年2月12日至1882年4月19日)，英国生物学家，进化论的奠基人。出版《物种起源》。
?geologist
n．生物学家
?naturalist
n．博物学家
?fascinate
v．入迷
be
fascinated
by对……入迷
?living
adj.活的
?be
crowded
with挤满……
?sample
n．样本
?come
to
exist存在
?at
the
same
time同时
?be
similar
to和……相似
?evolve
v．进化
adapt
to适应
inspire
v．激励；鼓舞
evidence
n．证据；根据
Galapagos
Islands大龟群岛，是厄瓜多尔位于太平洋、距陆地本土1
200公里的一个省，由十几个火山岩岛屿组成，人口不足2万。
a
variety
of多种多样的
according
to根据，按照
available
adj.可利用的，可得到的
[2]句中的what引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。
suspect
v．怀疑
[3]that引导宾语从句，which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词a
common
ancestor。
completely
adv.完全地
shocked
adj.感到震惊的
shocking
adj.令人震惊的
convincing
adj.令人信服的
[4]so...that...如此……以至于；that引导结果状语从句。
be
regarded
as被认为是
原文呈现
A
Journey
of
Discovery
The
captain
of
the
ship，the
Beagle，wanted
someone
who
would
“profit①
by
the
opportunity
of
visiting
distant②
countries
yet
little
known”．The
person
who
answered
the
call
was
not
the
captain's
first
choice.It
was
a
young
man
who
had
left
medical
school
without
completing
his
degree③.What's
more④，he
had
recently
received
a
letter
from
his
father
predicting
that
he
would
be
“a
disgrace⑤
to
yourself
and
all
your
family”．[1]Despite⑥
all
this，his
adventures
on
this
ship
would
lead
to⑦
one
of
the
most
important
scientific⑧
discoveries⑨
of
all
time.
The
young
man
in
question，Charles
Darwin⑩，was
a
geologist?
and
naturalist?，fascinated?
by
rocks，plants
and
animals.He
left
England
on
the
ship，the
Beagle，in
1831.The
journey
gave
him
the
chance
to
study
various
living?
things
in
their
natural
environments.After
Darwin
had
spent
some
time
in
South
America，his
room
on
the
ship
was
crowded
with?
samples?
of
the
plants
and
animals
he
had
collected.As
he
studied
these，he
asked
himself
the
question:
how
did
different
species
come
to
exist?？
At
that
time，people
believed
that
all
species
had
appeared
on
Earth
at
the
same
time?，and
had
not
changed
since.But
Darwin
began
to
think
differently.He
noticed
that
some
species
of
animals
were
very
similar
to?
each
other.Maybe
animals
evolved?
as
they
adapted
totheir
changing
environments?
It
was
just
an
idea，but
enough
to
inspireDarwin
to
look
for
more
evidence.
When
the
Beagle
reached
the
Galapagos
Islands
in
1835，Darwin
saw
a
variety
of
new
species，but
it
was
the
birds
that
interested
him
the
most.Darwin
noticed
that
there
was
a
difference
between
the
finches
on
each
of
the
islands.It
seemed
their
beaks
had
evolved
according
to
what
food
was
available
on
that
particular
island.[2]
Darwin
suspected
that
the
finches
had
evolved
from
a
common
ancestor，which
had
arrived
on
the
islands
a
long
time
before.[3]Over
time，it
had
slowly
evolved
into
many
new
species.And
that
was
the
answer
to
how
new
species
of
plants
and
animals
came
to
exist：they
evolved
from
earlier
ancestors.
It
was
a
completely
new
idea—a
theory
of
evolution.Darwin
explained
this
theory
in
his
book，On
the
Origin
of
Species.It
was
not
published
until
1859
and
immediately
caused
a
storm.Many
people
refused
to
believe
that
living
things，including
humans，had
evolved
from
lower
forms
of
life.They
were
shocked.But
Darwin's
scientific
studies
were
so
convincing
that
more
and
more
people
started
to
believe
his
theory.[4]
Today，On
the
Origin
of
Species
is
regarded
as
one
of
the
most
important
works
ever
written.It
has
changed
ideas
about
life
on
Earth
forever.And
it
all
began
with
the
journey
on
the
Beagle.
译文参考
发现之旅
“贝格尔号”船长需要个人，此人能“有机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。应聘的人不是船长的首选。他是一个年轻人，没有完成学位课程就离开了医学院。更有甚者，他最近收到了父亲的一封信，信中预言他将是“你和你全家的耻辱”。尽管如此，他在这艘船上的冒险经历将导致有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。
所提到的那位年轻人叫查尔斯·达尔文，是一位地质学家和博物学家，对岩石、植物和动物着迷。1831年，他乘“贝格尔号”离开英国。这次旅行使他有机会研究自然环境中的各种生物。达尔文在南美待了一段时间后，在船上他的房间里塞满了收集的动植物样本。当他研究这些的时候，他问了自己这个问题：不同物种是如何存在的？
当时，人们认为地球上所有的物种都是同时出现的，并且从出现以来就没有过变化。但达尔文开始有不同的想法。他注意到有些动物彼此非常相似。也许动物是随着适应环境的变化而进化的？这只是一个想法，但足以激励达尔文去寻找更多的证据。
1835年，当贝格尔号到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文看到了许多新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到每一个岛上的雀科小鸟都不相同。它们的喙似乎是根据那个岛上的食物进化而来的。
达尔文怀疑这些雀科小鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的，这个祖先很久以前就来到了这些岛屿。随着时间的推移，它慢慢进化成许多新物种。这就是植物和动物新物种如何生存的答案：它们是从早期祖先进化而来的。
这是一个全新的观点——进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中解释了这一理论。该书直到1859年才出版，并立即引起了一场风暴。许多人拒绝相信包括人类在内的生物都是从较低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们很震惊。但是达尔文的科学研究是如此令人信服，以至于越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。
今天，《物种起源》被认为是有史以来人们所写出的最重要的著作之一。它永远改变了人们对地球上生命的看法。这一切都是从贝格尔号的旅程开始的。
1阅读“Reading
2”中的材料，选出最佳选项。
1．Which
is
NOT
a
bean
plant
does
when
it
is
attacked
by
insects?
A．To
release
tiny
amounts
of
chemical
to
warn
its
neighbour.
B．To
release
chemical
to
drive
the
insects
away.
C．To
release
chemical
to
drive
the
wasps.
D．To
release
chemical
to
attract
wasps.
2．How
can
a
chilli
plant
tell
if
its
neighbouring
plants
is
helpful?
A．By
producing
chemical.
B．By
sounds.
C．By
wood
wide
web.
D．By
insects.
3．Why
“wood
wide
web”is
similar
to
the
Internet
we
use?
A．Because
it
can
use
it
to
communicate.
B．Because
it
is
linked
together.
C．Because
it
can
share
information.
D．Because
it
can
share
food.
[答案] 1－3 CBB
Words
And
Phrases
知识要点1 characteristic
n．特征，特性
(教材P53) Gregor
Mendel
chose
to
study
pea
plants
because
their
characteristics
were
easy
to
control.
格里哥·孟德尔之所以选择豌豆作为研究对象，是因为豌豆的特性易于控制。
[例] The
need
to
communicate
is
a
key
characteristic
of
human
society.
需要交流是人类社会最重要的一个特征。
[造句] 这两组儿童具有截然不同的特点。
The
two
groups
of
children
have
quite
different
characteristics.
[知识拓展]
(1)characteristic
adj.
典型的；独特的；特有的
be
characteristic
of＝be
typical
of
是……的典型特征
(2)character
n.
性格，特征；人物，角色；字体
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Fiction
is
the
essential
characteristic
of
the
drama.
②The
characteristics(characteristic)
of
the
machine
are
fully
detailed
in
our
brochure.
知识要点2 blame
v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于
(教材P53) The
extinction
of
the
Pinta
Island
tortoise
is
blamed
on
humans.
平塔岛龟的灭绝要归咎于人类。
[例1] She
doesn't
blame
anyone
for
her
father's
death.
她没把她父亲的死归罪于任何人。
[例2] How
can
I
blame
him?
It
wasn't
intentional.
我怎么能怪他呢？那又不是有意的。
[造句] 别责怪他。他总还是个孩子。
Don't
blame
him.After
all，he's
only
a
child.
[知识拓展]
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①While
we
can't
change
the
body
type
we
are
born
with，we
can't
blame
our
genes
for
making
us
fat.
②The
police
blamed
the
traffic
accident
on
Jack's
careless
driving.
③The
driver
was
not
to
blame(blame)
for
the
traffic
accident.
④You
must
bear
the
blame
for
the
accident.
知识要点3 decline
vi.下降；减少；衰退；拒绝；谢绝 n．下降；衰退；衰退期
(教材P53) After
goats
in
particular
had
been
brought
to
the
island，the
Pinta
Island
tortoise
population
declined.
特别是山羊被带到岛上后，平塔岛龟的数量下降了。
[例1] The
number
of
staff
has
declined
from
217,000
to
114,000.
员工人数已从217
000人减少到114
000人。
[例2] The
company
reported
a
small
decline
in
its
profits.公司报告其利润略有减少。
[造句] 他要给男孩们拿些咖啡。他们礼貌地拒绝了。
He
offered
the
boys
some
coffee.They
declined
politely.
[知识拓展]
(1)decline(from...)to...
(从……)下降/减少到……
decline
by
下降/减少了……
decline
doing/to
do
sth.
婉言拒绝做某事
(2)fall
into
(a)
decline
开始衰落，衰弱下去；走下坡路
a
decline
in
……的下降
in
decline
在下降，在衰退
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Since
the
beginning
of
2019，the
price
of
worldwide
milk
products
has
declined
by
3.8%.
②Industry
in
Britain
has
been
in
decline
since
the
1970s.
③He
declined
going/to
go(go)
to
the
party
with
her.
知识要点4 detect
v．发现，察觉(尤指不易察觉到的事物)
(教材P56) When
another
bean
plant
detects
the
chemicals
from
its
injured
neighbour，it
starts
to
release
its
own，different
chemicals.
当另一棵豆秧察觉到从它受伤的邻居身上释放出的这些化学物质时，它开始释放自己的不同化学物质。
[例1] The
dentist
could
detect
no
decay
in
her
teeth.
牙科医生检查了她的牙，没有发现龋齿。
[例2] The
tests
are
designed
to
detect
the
disease
early.
这些检查旨在早期查出疾病。
[造句] 我能觉察到老人脸上的一丝悲伤。
I
could
detect
a
certain
sadness
in
the
old
man's
face.
[知识拓展]
(1)detect
sb.in
doing
sth. 发现某人正在做某事(坏事)
(2)detective
n.
侦探
detection
n.
侦查，发现，发觉
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
was
detected
in
cheating(cheat)
in
the
exam.
②The
detective(detect)
was
trying
to
winkle
information
out
of
her.
③Last
year
the
detection(detect)
rate
for
car
theft
was
just
13%.
Sentence
Patterns
重点句式1 be
said
to据说……
(教材P56) Alexander
the
Great
and
Marco
Polo
were
said
to
have
visited
such
a
tree
in
India.
据说亚历山大大帝和马可波罗在印度都去看过这样一棵树。
句式分析：sb./sth.is
said...，是一个被动语态的谓语形式，常译为“据说……”，此结构中被动语态的谓语动词后总是跟一个不定式。
[例1] He
was
said
to
have
lost
his
will
to
live.
据说他已经失去了生存的意志。
[例2] They
are
said
to
control
large
parts
of
the
east
and
south
of
the
country.
据说他们控制了该国东部和南部的大片地区。
[造句] 据说她是一位剪纸大师。
She
is
said
to
be
a
master
of
paper
cutting.
[知识拓展]
(1)本句型中的不定式可用一般时、进行时或完成时，分别表示与谓语动词动作同时发生或在其后发生的动作或状态、与谓语动词动作同时发生的进行动作或在谓语动词动作之前发生的完成动作。
(2)类似句型：
sb./sth.is
believed/reported
to
do
sth.
＝It
is
believed/thought/hoped/reported
that...
人们相信/认为/希望/据报道……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
is
said
to
be
writing(write)
another
novel
about
the
same
theme.
②She
is
said
to
have
gone(go)
abroad.
③America
is
reported
(report)
to
declare
war
on
Iran
likely.
重点句式2 way后面跟定语从句
(教材P57) Scientists
are
learning
more
every
day
about
the
secret
ways
in
which
plants
talk
to
each
other.
科学家们每天都在了解更多关于植物相互交流的秘密方式。
句式分析：本句是一个复合句，in
which引导的定语从句修饰先行词ways。
[例] I
liked
the
open，honest
way
in
which
the
man
talked
to
me.
我喜欢那个人和我坦率、诚恳的谈话方式。
[造句] 这是他记住单词的最好方法。
This
is
the
best
way
in
which
he
can
remember
the
words.
[知识拓展]
(1)way后面的定语从句还可以用that引导，或不用关系词。
(2)way作先行词，如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语，只能用that或which，作宾语时，that及which均可省略；作状语时，关系词用that或in
which，并且还可省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I'm
disgusted
with
the
way
that/in
which
he
was
treated.
②I
couldn't
understand
the
way
that/which
he
introduced
to
me.
排序题
排序题的考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后对这些事实进行排序。
[例文]
A
schoolgirl
saved
her
father's
life
by
kicking
him
in
the
chest
after
he
suffered
a
serious
allergic
(过敏的)
reaction
which
stopped
his
heart.Izzy，nine，restarted
father
Colm's
heart
by
stamping(踩)
on
his
chest
after
he
fell
down
at
home
and
stopped
breathing.Izzy's
mother，Debbie，immediately
called
999
but
Izzy
knew
doctors
would
never
arrive
in
time
to
save
her
father，so
decided
to
use
CPR.However，she
quickly
discovered
her
arms
weren't
strong
enough，so
she
stamped
on
her
father's
chest
instead.
方法技巧：要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序，解题方法可采用“首尾定位法”。即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。
◆What's
the
right
order
of
the
events?
①Izzy
kicked
Colm. ②Debbie
called
999.
③Izzy
learned
CPR.
④Colm's
heart
stopped.
A．③①②④
B．④②③①
C．③④②①
D．④③①②
[答案] C
请快速排出下列事件的正确顺序
People
can
use
a
home
computer
to
make
their
shopping
lists.Once
at
the
store，a
shopper
can
use
a
preferred
customer
card
to
start
a
system
(系统)
that
will
organize
the
trip
around
the
store.If
you're
looking
for
toothpicks，you
type
in
the
word
or
pick
it
from
a
list，and
a
map
will
appear
on
the
screen
showing
where
you
are
and
where
you
can
find
them...
◆Which
of
the
following
is
the
correct
order
of
shopping
with
the
computerized
shopping
carts？( )
a．Start
the
system.
b．Make
a
shopping
list.
c．Find
the
things
you
want.
d．Go
to
a
self?checkout
stand.
A．abdc
B．bacd
C．acbd
D．bcad
[答案] B
1过去完成时
[观察例句]
1．What's
more，he
had
recently
received
a
letter
from
his
father
predicting
that...
2．After
Darwin
had
spent
some
time
in
South
America，his
room
on
the
ship
was
crowded
with
samples
of
the
plants
and
animals
he
had
collected.
3．At
that
time，people
believed
that
all
species
had
appeared
on
Earth
at
the
same
time...
4．It
seemed
their
beaks
had
evolved
according
to
what
food
was
available
on
that
particular
island.
[归纳用法]
过去完成时的动作需在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在“过去的过去”。
1．过去完成时的构成
过去完成时是由“had＋过去分词”构成的。
Soon
I
realized
I
had
made
a
serious
mistake.
我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。
The
man
sitting
beside
me
on
the
plane
was
very
nervous.He
had
not
flown
before.
飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张。他以前从没乘过飞机。
2．过去完成时的用法
①“已完成”的用法：
表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以before，until，when，than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。
By
5：00
yesterday
morning
we
had
done
that
work.
到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。
He
had
just
finished
sweeping
the
classroom
when
the
teacher
returned
from
the
office.
老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。
[名师点津]
在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
The
train
(had)
started
before
I
reached
the
station.
在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。
After
he
(had)
arrived
in
England，Marx
worked
hard
to
improve
his
English.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
②“未完成”的用法：
表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去的时间，还可能再持续下去。
Up
to
that
time
all
had
gone
well.
直到那时一切都很顺利。
John
and
Jane
had
known
each
other
for
a
long
time
before
their
marriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
③“想象性”的用法
过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，主要用在if引导的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish，as
if引导的从句中。
If
she
had
worked
hard，she
would
have
succeeded.
要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。(事实上她没努力，也没成功。)
I
wish
I
had
gone
with
you
to
the
concert.
我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。
④表示“刚刚……就……”
过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely...when...，no
sooner...than...等结构中，表示“刚刚……就……”。
Hardly
had
he
begun
to
speak
when
the
audience
interrupted
him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No
sooner
had
he
arrived
than
he
went
away
again.
他刚到就又走了。
[名师点津]
intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expect，think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。
I
had
meant
to
come，but
something
happened.
我原本打算来的，但有事发生了。
3．过去完成时与一般过去时的比较
一般过去时表示过去某个时间的动作或状态。过去完成时表示的动作或状态发生在一般过去时表示的动作或状态之前，因此它在时间上表示的是“过去的过去”。
Yesterday
I
returned
the
book
that
I
had
borrowed.
昨天我归还了借的书。
He
didn't
know
a
thing
about
the
verb，for
he
had
not
studied
his
lessons.
他对动词一无所知，因为他没有好好学习功课。
I
had
been
at
the
bus
stop
for
20
minutes
when
a
bus
finally
came.
我在车站等了20分钟后车才来。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．By
nine
o'clock
last
night，we
had
got(get)
200
pictures
from
the
spaceship.
2．He
said
he
had
worked(work)
in
that
factory
since
1949.
3．Until
then
he
had
known(know)
nothing
about
it
yet.
4．It
was
the
third
time
that
he
had
been(be)
out
of
work
that
year.
5．They
arrived(arrive)
at
the
station
at
ten
yesterday.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
I
still
remember
last
winter，1.when
I
woke
up
in
the
morning，it
2.had
stopped(stop)
snowing.Looking
outside
of
the
window，the
shiny
white
snow
on
our
lawn
3.had
been
cleaned(clean)
by
my
father.I
closed
the
book
that
I
4.had
borrowed(borrow)
from
local
library
and
went
downstairs
for
breakfast.Then
my
little
brother
came
to
tell
me
that
he
5.had
finished(finish)
all
his
homework
and
he
had
6.a
very
nice
dream
the
night
before.During
the
breakfast，one
of
my
best
friends
came
to
visit
my
family.She
went
to
Australia
last
year.7.Before
that
she
8.had
prepared(prepare)
for
the
examination
of
University
of
Sydney
for
half
a
year.During
her
study，she
9.had
learned(learn)
the
culture
and
10.professional(profession)
knowledge
in
her
field.
1观察日志
本单元写作项目是描写植物生长过程的观察日志。
[基本框架]
1．开头(beginning)——写作目的
2．主体(body)——植物成长的过程
3．结尾(ending)——你的感受
[常用词块]
1．growth
condition
of
the
plant植物生长条件
2．a
hole
large
enough一个足够大的洞
3．put
the
earth
back
in
the
hole把土回填到洞里
4．up
to
20
feet
in
length长度达20英尺
5．select
proper
seeds挑选合适的种子
6．a
light
application
of
fertilizer使用微量的肥料
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．Do
you
have
an
experience
of
planting
a
kind
of
plants？你有过种植植物的经历吗？
2．Let
me
share
you
with
the
process
about
my
experience
of
growing
watermelon?
让我分享我种植习惯的经历给你。
3．I
once
lived
in
the
countryside
and
planted
some
garlic
in
the
garden.
我曾经在乡村住过，在菜园里种过大蒜。
★正文佳句
1．Check
to
see
if
there
are
any
local
requirements
about
digging.检查当地是否有关于挖掘的要求。
2．Take
a
suitable
shovel
and
dig
a
hole
that
is
4－5
times
the
width
of
the
root
ball，more
than
enough
so
it
will
fit.用一把合适的铲子挖一个比根球宽4－5倍的洞，足够大。
3．Use
the
garden
cultivator
to
loosen
the
dirt
all
around
the
hole
to
make
it
easier
for
the
roots
to
spread.用园艺耕耘机把洞周围的泥土松掉，使根部更容易散开。
★余味结尾
1．Seeing
the
flowers，I
was
too
excited
to
express
my
feelings.看到这些花，我太兴奋了不能表达我的感受。
2．I
can't
wait
to
show
my
grandparents
the
fruit
trees
I
have
planted.我迫不及待地给祖父母看我种的果树。
3．No
pains，no
gains.不劳无获。
假如你是李华，请你写一篇短文，描述你种植绿豆(mung)的经历。
1．购买种子，种在菜园里；
2．几天后，绿豆长出地面；
3．又过了几天，长出绿叶；
4．给绿豆浇水，长得很好；
5．绿豆不断生长，三个月后终于开花结籽。
注意：
1．词数：80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：长出地面come
up；长叶子
come
into
leaf；洒水
sprinkle
water；开花结籽go
to
seed
【参考范文】
Last
summer
I
planted
some
mung
in
my
garden.
First
I
bought
some
seeds
from
a
seedman.Then
I
sowed
them
in
the
garden.A
few
days
later，I
went
to
the
garden
and
found
the
mung
were
beginning
to
come
up.Another
few
days
passed
and
the
mung
were
coming
into
leaf.Now
and
then
I
sprinkled
water
on
them
so
that
they
grew
well.
The
mung
I
planted
kept
growing，and
finally
three
months
later
they
began
to
go
to
seed.I
was
very
happy
to
see
the
fruits
of
my
work.
1课时分层作业(十四)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．By
the
end
of
last
term
we
had
finished(finish)
the
book.
2．I
had
intended(intend)
to
see
you
but
I
was
too
busy.
3．From
this
distance(distant)
you
should
be
able
to
see
the
airfield.
4．In
those
days，she
was
fascinated
by
past
visitors.
5．I'm
convinced(convince)
that
the
only
thing
that
kept
me
going
was
what
I
loved
what
I
did.
6．I
am
so
excited
that
I
want
to
bring
everything
with
me.
7．The
security
department
suspected
him
of
giving(give)
information
to
a
foreign
company.
8．No
one
knows
how
this
world
came
into
existence(exist)．
9．However，classrooms
are
still
crowded
with
students.
10．This
led
him
to
wonder(wonder)
what
could
possibly
have
caused
the
accident.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Love
Is
Blind:
The
Magic
of
Tabby
At
my
local
animal
shelter's
Adoption
Department
there
are
special
animals，who
touch
me
so
deeply
that
I
could
never
possibly
forget
them.Tabby
was
one
such
animal.
Tabby
was
an
ancient
Cocker
Spaniel，probably
14
years
old.What's
more，she
was
blind
and
deaf.Tabby's
chances
at
adoption
seemed
1
at
best.After
all，we
didn't
have
many
adopters
coming
in
2
，“Can
you
show
me
all
of
your
really
old
dogs
who
are
also
3
？”We
had
all
thought
that
Tabby
would
live
out
the
rest
of
her
life
at
the
4
.
One
day
a
woman
named
Loretta
came
to
the
shelter.Her
son，Gary，had
5
Tabby's
picture
and
stories
on
the
shelter's
website
at
home.They
were
interested
in
meeting
her!
It
was
the
only
6
we
ever
received
about
Tabby.What
could
a
young
child
possibly
see
in
a
14?year?old
dog
who
was
both
blind
and
deaf?
Most
boys
would
want
a
dog
who
could
grow
with
them
and
7
through
grassy
fields
on
summer
days.Tabby
would
8
be
able
to
do
that.But
after
meeting
her，Loretta
and
Gary
decided
that
she
was
the
right
dog
for
their
family.They
adopted
Tabby!
If
Tabby's
story
had
simply
ended
with
her
9
adoption，it
would
still
have
been
something
very
special
indeed.
10
，it
was
what
happened
after
her
adoption
that
people
might
regard
as
“magic”．Gary
11
from
seizures(癫痫)．Since
Gary
and
Tabby
met
they
became
12
.They
did
everything
together.They
became
so
“in
tune”
with
one
another
that
Tabby
began
to
telegraph
Gary's
seizures
13
they
occurred，giving
his
family
a(n)
14
that
one
was
about
to
strike.What's
more，Gary
seemed
to
be
having
fewer
and
fewer
seizures
since
Tabby's
15
.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇记叙文，主要讲了一只叫Tabby的狗。它又聋又瞎，却出人意料地被一个叫Gary的男孩领养。这个男孩患有癫痫；而让人感到不可思议的是，自从Gary收养了Tabby，他的癫痫很少犯了。
1．A.possible
B．great
C．remote
D．bright
C [根据she
was
blind
and
deaf可知，它又聋又瞎，所以应该是最没有机会被领养的，故选C。]
2．A.whispering
B．asking
C．seeking
D．explaining
B [根据逻辑，领养者应该是上门询问的，且其后跟的句子是疑问句，所以应该是“询问”，故选B。]
3．A.disabled
B．active
C．stubborn
D．patient
A [结合前句：很多领养者不会前来询问“你能给我看看你们所有年纪大的狗，而且又……吗”，可知此处应是个贬义词，又因为此段谈论的Tabby是有生理缺陷的，故选A。]
4．A.hospital
B．roadside
C．farm
D．shelter
D [我们都认为Tabby将在……度过她的后半生了。结合上下文，如果Taddy没有被人收养，那么就会在庇护所度过她的后半生了，故选D。]
5．A.posted
B．taken
C．seen
D．drawn
C [Gary在来收养部门之前，已经在网站上看过Tabby的照片和故事了，故选C。]
6．A.letter
B．enquiry
C．call
D．donation
B [根据前文，这对母子对Tabby很感兴趣，他们想收养Tabby，所以这是唯一一次我们收到的关于Tabby的询问，故选B。]
7．A.get
B．look
C．run
D．break
C [根据句意，大多数男孩都想要一只和他们一起成长、夏天可以在草地上穿越奔跑的狗，故选C。]
8．A.never
B．possibly
C．frequently
D．generally
A [根据前句“大多数男孩都想要一只和他们一起成长、夏天可以在草地上穿越奔跑的狗”，但是这些Tabby从来都做不到，故选A。]
9．A.temporary
B．normal
C．successful
D．early
C [根据前文可知，Tabby的领养是成功的，故选C。]
10．A.Moreover
B．However
C．Therefore
D．Otherwise
B [结合空格前句意：如果Tabby的故事仅仅以它得以成功收养而结束，那它仍然可以算得上是很特别的一件事；以及空格后句意：就是在收养之后发生了一个奇迹，可知，前后两句存在转折关系，故选B。]
11．A.learnt
B．heard
C．suffered
D．recovered
C [后面的宾语seizures(癫痫)是一种疾病，故选C。]
12．A.unforgettable
B．inseparable
C．unfortunate
D．uncomfortable
B [根据后一句“They
did
everything
together.”可知，他们从一见面就难以分离，故选B。]
13．A.since
B．unless
C．before
D．though
C [结合句意：Tabby在Gary的癫痫发生……，开始透露要犯病的征兆，可知，应该是在犯病之前就给出预告，故选C。]
14．A.explanation
B．warning
C．suggestion
D．notice
B [结合前一句，Tarry会在Gary犯病之前给出要犯病的征兆，所以这会给他的家人一个预警，故选B。]
15．A.return
B．birth
C．arrival
D．recovery
C [根据句意：自从Tabby到来后，Gary的癫痫犯得越来越少了。故选C。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Alfred
Nobel，the
great
Swedish
1.
(invent)，was
born
in
Stockholm
on
October
21,1833，but
moved
to
Russia
with
his
parents
in
1842，where
his
father，Immanuel，2.
(make)
a
strong
position
for
himself
in
the
engineering
industry.Immanuel
Nobel
invented
landmine
and
made
3.
lot
of
money
from
the
government
during
the
Crimean
War，but
went
bankrupt(破产)
soon
after.Then，the
family
returned
to
Sweden
in
1859，4.
Alfred
began
his
own
study
of
explosives(炸药)
in
his
father's
lab.He
had
never
been
to
university
but
he
taught
5.
(he)，and
by
the
time
he
was
twenty，he
6.
(become)
a
skillful
chemist
and
excellent
linguist，7.
(speak)
Swedish，Russian，German，French
and
English.He
built
up
over
80
companies
in
20
8.
(differ)
countries.He
spent
much
time
and
money
working
on
how
to
end
the
wars，until
his
death
in
Italy
in
1896.His
famous
will，in
which
he
left
money
to
provide
prizes
9.
outstanding
work
in
physics，chemistry，physiology，medicine，literature
and
peace，is
a
memorial
to
his
interests
and
ideas.And
so，the
man
10.
(remember)
and
respected
long
after
his
death.
【语篇解读】 文章主要介绍了诺贝尔。
1．inventor [名词作Alfred
Nobel的同位语。]
2．made [根据语境，应该用过去时态。]
3．a [根据固定搭配a
lot
of，可知填a。]
4．when [when在此引导定语从句，修饰前面的1859。]
5．himself [根据固定搭配teach
oneself(自学)可知填himself。]
6．had
become [by
the
time引导的时间状语常与过去完成时连用。]
7．speaking [现在分词作状语，表伴随。]
8．different [根据空后的countries可知填different。]
9．for [这里的for表示受表扬的原因。]
10．is
remembered [由句意可知用被动语态。]
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