中考英语专题讲练: 现在完成时(含解析)

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名称 中考英语专题讲练: 现在完成时(含解析)
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现在完成时
一、现在完成时
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。
二、句子结构
主语+
has/have
+
done
(过去分词)
三、基本用法
用法
示例
表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
He
has
already
obtained
a
scholarship.他已经获得了一份奖学金。I
haven’t
seen
much
of
him
recently.我最近已经很久没有看到他。
表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在也许还要持续下去,常和for,
since连用。
Peter
has
written
six
papers
for
three
years.三年内彼得已经写了六篇论文。He
has
lived
here
since
2005.自从2005年以来,他一直住在这儿。
四、时间状语
1.
yet
(常用于否定或疑问句中),
already
(常用于肯定句中)
2.
since+过去时间点/过去时的从句(译为:自从…以来)
3.
for+时间段
4.
just,
so
far,
recently,
never,
ever,
twice…
5.
in
the
past
/
last
few
days
五、动词过去分词的规则变化
情况
变形
示例
一般情况
加-ed
work-workedvisit-visited
以不发音字母e结尾
加-d
live-lived
辅音字母加y结尾
把y变i,加-ed
study-studiedcry-cried
重读闭音节结尾
双写尾字母,再加-ed
stop-stoppeddrop-dropped
六、动词过去分词的不规则变化:
原形
过去式
过去分词
AAA型
bursthurtcuthitread
bursthurtcuthitread
bursthurtcuthitread
AAB型
beat
beat
beaten
ABA型
runcome
rancame
runcome
ABB型
bringbuycatchfeelfindkeepmaketeachtellthink
broughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthought
broughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthought
ABC型
beginbreakchoosedriveforgetgiveknowswimwrite
beganbrokechosedroveforgotgaveknewswamwrote
begunbrokenchosendrivenforgottengivenknownswumwritten
七、相关句式
has
have
主语
第三人称单数
第一/二人称单数/复数
肯定式
He
has
turned
the
light
off.
They
have
already
read
this
book.
否定式
He
hasn’t
turned
the
light
off.
They
haven’t
read
this
book
yet.
疑问式
Has
he
turned
the
light
off?
Have
they
read
this
book
yet?
简略回答
Yes,
she
has.
/
No,
she
hasn’t.
Yes,
they
have.
/
No,
they
haven’t.
肯定句:主语+has/have
+
done+其它.
否定句:主语+has/have
+not+
done+其它.
一般疑问句:Has/
Have+主语+done+其它?
答语:Yes,主语+has/have.
/
No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t
八、瞬间动词和延续性动词之间的转换:
在完成时中,一个瞬间动词不能直接与表示一段时间的状语(for,
since等)连用。此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词:
buy?
(bought)
have?/?has?had???买??
borrow?(borrowed)
have?/?has?kept???借?
die??(died)
have?/?has?been?dead???死?
leave?
(left)
have?/?has?been?away?(?from?)?离开?
begin?(began)
have?/?has?been?on??开始??
join??(joined)
have?/?has?been?in???参加?
go?(went)
have?/?has?been?there?/?in???去?
come/arrive/reach/get?to
have?/?has?been?here?/?in?
来/达?
end?(ended)
have/has?been?over
结束
例:The?film?began?five?minutes?ago.?
?
---The?film?has?been?on?for?five?minutes.?
---It?has?been?five?minutes?since?the?film?began.?
用“be+形容词”代终止性动词??
1.

be+married”
代替marry??
2.
“be+ill”
代替fall?(get)?ill??
3.
“be+dead”
代替die?
4.
“be+asleep”
代替fall?(get)?asleep??
5.
“be+awake”
代替wake/wake?up??
6.
“be+gone”
代替lose,
die,
sell,
leave??
7.
“be+open”
代替open??
8.
“be?closed”
代替close/shut
用“be+副词”代终止性动词????
1.
“be+on”
代替start,
begin????
2.
“be+up”
代替get?up
3.
“be+back(to)”
代替return?to,
come?back?to,
go?back?to??
4.
“be?here?(there)”
代替come(arrive,
reach,
get)?here或go?(arrive,
reach,
get)?there等等
用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词??
1.”be?in/at?+地点”
代替go?to?/come?to????
2.”用be?in?the?army”?代替join?the?army????
3.”be?in/at?+地点”
代替move?to?
一、考点:现在完成时的基本用法和时间状语;以及动词过去分词的变化规则。
二、易错点:
has
gone
(to);
has
been
(to);
has
been
(in)
三者的区别。
1.
has
gone
to:表示某人已去了某地,(现未回来)(不可与for+一段时间连用)。
例:---Where
is
Tom?
汤姆在哪里?
---He
has
gone
to
Shanghai.
他已经去了上海。
2.
has
been
to:表示去过某地,(现已回来)(不可与for+一段时间连用)。
例:I
have
been
to
New
York
three
times
so
far.
到目前为止,我已经去过纽约三次了。
3.
has
been
in:表示一直呆在某地,常与时间段搭配。
例:I
have
been
in
the
army
for
more
than
5
years.
我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
题模一:基本用法
例1.1.1
I
_________
already
_________
in
this
school
for
three
years.
A.
was;
studying
B.
are;
studying
C.
will;
study
D.
have;
studied
例1.1.2
I
_________
English
since
2010.
A.
have
learnt
B.
have
learn
C.
learnt
D.
learn
例1.1.3
I
_________
my
pencil
yet.
A.
have
find
B.
haven’t
found
C.
found
D.
find
例1.1.4
Mr.
Brown
isn’t
at
home.
He
_________
to
his
office.
A.
has
been
B.
has
gone
C.
has
go
D.
went
题模二:动词过去分词变化规则
例1.2.1
用动词的适当形式填空。
1.
She
_________
(live)
in
Hubei
for
two
years.
例1.2.2
You
needn’t
tell
him.
I
_________
(tell)
him
already.
例1.2.3
We
_________
just
_________
(have)
our
lunch.
例1.2.4
Peter
_________
(live)
in
his
hometown
since
he
left
here.
例1.2.5
They
_________
(not
read)
the
interesting
books
yet.
题模三:句型转换
例1.3.1
I
have
been
there
for
two
years.
否定句:___________________________________
疑问句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
例1.3.2
My
father
has
lived
here
since
2000.
否定句:___________________________________
疑问句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
随练1.1
Zhao
Lan
_________
already
_________
in
this
school
for
two
years.
A.
was;
studying
B.
will;
study
C.
has;
studied
D.
are;
studying
随练1.2
We
_________
Xiao
Li
since
she
was
a
little
girl.
A.
know
B.
had
known
C.
have
known
D.
knew
随练1.3
His
father
_________
the
Party
since
1978.
A.
joined
B.
has
joined
C.
was
in
D.
has
been
in
随练1.4
---Our
country
_________
a
lot
so
far.
---Yes.
I
hope
it
will
be
even
_________.
A.
has
changed;
well
B.
changed;
good
C.
has
changed;
better
D.
changed;
better
随练1.5
Her
grandfather
_________
for
two
years.
A.
has
been
dead
B.
has
died
C.
died
D.
has
been
died
随练1.6
用动词的适当形式填空。
1.
She’s
_________
(live)
here
ever
since
she
was
ten.
2.
Both
of
them
_________
(be)
in
Hong
kong
for
ten
days.
3.
Half
an
hour
_________
(pass)
since
the
train
_________
(leave).
4.
Mary
lost
her
pen.
_________
you_________
(see)
it
here
and
there?
5.
_________
you
_________
(find)
your
watch
yet?
6.
All
of
my
classmates
are
not
in
classroom.
Maybe
they
_________
(go)
to
the
library.
随练1.7
Miss
Green
isn’t
in
the
office.
She_______
to
the
library
A.
went
B.
was
C.
has
gone
D.
has
been
随练1.8
句型转换
1.
I?have?ever?been?to?India?and?Russia.
否定句:___________________________________
疑问句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
2.
I’ve?worked?here?for?ten?years.
否定句:___________________________________
疑问句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
3.
Mike?has?already?found?his?watch.
否定句:___________________________________
疑问句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
作业1
---Do
you
know
him
well?
---
Sure
.We
_________
friends
since
ten
years
ago.
A.
were
B.
have
been
C.
have
become
D.
have
made
作业2
Tom
and
Jack
_________
West
Hill
Farm
already.
A.
have
got
B.
have
arrived
at
C.
have
been
to
D.
have
reached
作业3
---Where
have
you
_________,
Kate?
---I’ve
_________
to
the
bank.
A.
gone;
gone
B.
been;
been
C.
gone;
been
D.
been;
gone
作业4
My
parents
_________
Shandong
for
ten
years.
A.
have
been
in
B.
have
been
to
C.
have
gone
to
D.
have
been
作业5
Hurry
up!
The
play
_____
for
ten
minutes.
A.
had
begun
B.
has
been
on
C.
began.
作业6
用动词的适当形式填空。
1.
We
_________
already
_________
(return)
the
book.
2.
My
father
_________
(read)
this
book
since
yesterday.
3.
Jack
_________
(finish)
his
homework
already.
4.
---Are
you
thirsty?
---No,
I
_________
just
_________
(have)
some
orange.
5.
My
father
_________
(read)
the
novel
twice.
6.
---Where
is
Jim?
---
He
_________
(go)
to
England.
作业7
句型转换
1.
Linda?has?gone?to?the?teacher’s?office.
否定句:___________________________________
疑问句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
2.
I?have?already?seen?the?film.
否定句:___________________________________
疑问句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
3.
She?has?watched?the?film?twice.
否定句:___________________________________
疑问句:___________________________________
肯定回答:___________________________________
否定回答:___________________________________
答案解析
题模一:基本用法
例1.1.1
【答案】D
【解析】
考查现在完成时。already和for+时间段
是现在完成时的时间状语。再由句意“我已经在这个学校学习了三年了。”可知,故选D。
例1.1.2
【答案】A
【解析】
考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。再由句意“自从2000年我就已经开始学英语了。”可知,故选A。
例1.1.3
【答案】B
【解析】
考查现在完成时。yet是现在完成时的时间状语,常用于否定句或疑问句中。再由句意“我还没有找到我的笔。”故选B。
例1.1.4
【答案】B
【解析】
考查现在完成时。has/have
been
to
去过某地,现已回;has/have
gone
to
去了某地,现未回。再由句意“布朗先生不在家,他去办公室来了。”可知,故选B。
题模二:动词过去分词变化规则
例1.2.1
【答案】
has
lived
【解析】
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。for+时间段
是现在完成时的时间状语。live的过去分词形式为lived。故填has
lived。
例1.2.2
【答案】
have
told
【解析】
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。already是现在完成时的时间状语。tell的过去分词形式为told。故填have
told。
例1.2.3
【答案】
have;
had
【解析】
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。just是现在完成时的时间状语。have的过去分词形式为had。故填have;
had。
例1.2.4
【答案】
has
lived
【解析】
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。live的过去分词形式为lived。故填has
lived。
例1.2.5
【答案】
haven’t
read
【解析】
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。yet是现在完成时的时间状语。read的过去分词形式为read。故填haven’t
read。
题模三:句型转换
例1.3.1
【答案】
否定句:I
haven’t
been
there
for
two
years.
疑问句:Have
you
been
there
for
two
years?
肯定回答:Yes,
I
have.
否定回答:No,
I
haven’t.
【解析】
考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句:主语+has/have
+
done+其它。否定句:主语+has/have
+not+
done+其它。疑问句:Has/
Have+主语+done+其它?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+has/have.
否定回答:No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
例1.3.2
【答案】
否定句:My
father
hasn’t
lived
here
since
2000.
疑问句:Has
your
father
lived
here
since
2000?
肯定回答:Yes,
he
has.
否定回答:No,
he
hasn’t.
【解析】
考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句:主语+has/have
+
done+其它。否定句:主语+has/have
+not+
done+其它。疑问句:Has/
Have+主语+done+其它?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.
否定回答:No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
随练1.1
【答案】C
【解析】
考查现在完成时。already
和for+时间段是现在完成时的时间状语。故选C。
随练1.2
【答案】C
【解析】
考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故选C。
随练1.3
【答案】D
【解析】
考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故选D。
随练1.4
【答案】C
【解析】
考查现在完成时。so
far是现在完成时的时间状语。故选C。
随练1.5
【答案】A
【解析】
考查现在完成时。for+时间段
是现在完成时的时间状语。故选A。
随练1.6
【答案】
1.
lived
2.
have
been
3.
has
passed;
left
4.
Have;
seen
5.
Have;
found
6.
have
gone
【解析】
1.
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故填lived。
2.
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。for+时间段
是现在完成时的时间状语。故填have
been。
3.
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故填has
passed;
left。
4.
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。由句意可知玛丽丢了自己的笔,此事对现在造成影响,以至于问别人有没有看到。故填Have;
seen。
5.
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。yet是现在完成时的时间状语。故填Have;
found。
6.
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。由句意可知“同班同学已经去了图书馆”。故填have
gone。
随练1.7
【答案】C
【解析】
现在完成时。
随练1.8
【答案】
1.
否定句:I?haven’t?ever?been?to?India?and?Russia.
疑问句:Have
you
ever
been
to
India
and
Russia?
肯定回答:Yes,
I
have.
否定回答:No,
I
haven’t.
2.
否定句:I
haven’t?worked?here?for?ten?years.
疑问句:Have
you
worked
here
for
ten
years?
肯定回答:Yes,
I
have.
否定回答:No,
I
haven’t.
3.
否定句:Mike?hasn’t?found?his?watch
yet.
疑问句:Has
Mike?found?his?watch
yet?
肯定回答:Yes,
he
has.
否定回答:No,
he
hasn’t.
【解析】
1.
考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句:主语+has/have
+
done+其它。否定句:主语+has/have
+not+
done+其它。疑问句:Has/
Have+主语+done+其它?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+has/have.
否定回答:No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
2.
考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句:主语+has/have
+
done+其它。否定句:主语+has/have
+not+
done+其它。疑问句:Has/
Have+主语+done+其它?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+has/have.
否定回答:No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
3.
考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句:主语+has/have
+
done+其它。否定句:主语+has/have
+not+
done+其它。疑问句:Has/
Have+主语+done+其它?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+has/have.
否定回答:No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
作业1
【答案】B
【解析】
考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故选B。
作业2
【答案】D
【解析】
考查现在完成时。already是现在完成时的时间状语。故选D。
作业3
【答案】B
【解析】
考查现在完成时。has/have
been
to
去过某地现已回,再由句意可知,故选A。
作业4
【答案】A
【解析】
考查现在完成时。has/
have
been
in
待在某地,可以跟一段时间连用。再由句意可知,故选B。
作业5
【答案】C
【解析】
时态,根据for
ten
minutes可知表示动词的持续,故选择用持续性动词been
on,选项C正确。
作业6
【答案】
1.
have;
returned
2.
has
read
3.
has
finished
4.
have;
had
5.
has
read
6.
has
gone
【解析】
1.
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。already是现在完成时的时间状语。故填have;
returned。
2.
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故填has
read。
3.
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。already是现在完成时的时间状语。故填has
finished。
4.
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。
just是现在完成时的时间状语。
故填have;
had。
5.
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。故填has
read。
6.
考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。has/
have
gone
to去了某地还未回,再由句意可知,故填has
gone。
作业7
【答案】
1.
否定句:Linda?hasn’t
gone?to?the?teacher’s?office.
疑问句:Has
Linda?gone?to?the?teacher’s?office?
肯定回答:Yes,
he
has.
否定回答:No,
he
hasn’t.
2.
否定句:I?haven’t
seen?the?film
yet.
疑问句:Have
you
seen
the
film
yet?
肯定回答:Yes,
I
have.
否定回答:No,
I
haven’t.
3.
否定句:She?hasn’t?watched?the?film?twice.
疑问句:Has
she?watched?the?film?twice?
肯定回答:Yes,
she
has.
否定回答:No,
she
hasn’t.
【解析】
1.
考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句:主语+has/have
+
done+其它。否定句:主语+has/have
+not+
done+其它。疑问句:Has/
Have+主语+done+其它?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+has/have.
否定回答:No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
2.
考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句:主语+has/have
+
done+其它。否定句:主语+has/have
+not+
done+其它。疑问句:Has/
Have+主语+done+其它?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+has/have.
否定回答:No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
3.
考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句:主语+has/have
+
done+其它。否定句:主语+has/have
+not+
done+其它。疑问句:Has/
Have+主语+done+其它?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+has/have.
否定回答:No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
现在完成时
知识精讲
三点剖析
题模精选
随堂练习
自我总结
课后作业
现在完成时
题模精选
随堂练习
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