牛津译林版英语八年级上册语法讲解（形容词和副词的比较等级） 导学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 牛津译林版英语八年级上册语法讲解（形容词和副词的比较等级） 导学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2020-09-17 13:18:41 | ||
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初中英语 语法讲解（形容词和副词的比较等级）
知识梳理：
【教材原句】
I am hungry, Eddie. 我饿了，艾迪。
She is shorter than I am. 她比我矮。
He is the tallest boy in our class. 他在我们班是最高的男孩。
She draws better than any other student in my class.
在我的班级里，她画得比别人都好。
Among all my subjects, I like French best. 在我所有的科目中，我最喜欢法语。
【概念】英语中，形容词或副词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。
【用法】
1. 当没有任何比较的时候，我们可以用形容词或副词的原级，可以由very, too, quite, rather, enough, so等词来修饰。
【例句】
Jim is very strong. He can run very fast. 吉姆很强壮，他能跑得很快。
You should keep your room clean and tidy. 你应当保持你房间的整洁。
【考题链接】
The boy lost his key. He seemed very ___________________.
A. happy B. happily C. sad D. sadly
答案：C
思路分析：根据句意可知。seem为系动词，后接形容词作表语。
2. 当两者放在一起比较的时候，用比较级，句子中常有than，或…or…。比较级的前面可以用much, a little, even, a lot等词语来修饰。
【例句】
This building is much older than that building. 这幢楼比那幢楼旧多了。
Who jumps farther, Jim or Jack? 谁跳得更远，吉姆还是杰克？
【考题链接】
An elephant is ____________________（heavy）than a horse.
答案：heavier
3. 当三者或三者以上的人或物放在一起比较的时候，用最高级。句子中通常有of…, among…, in…等词语表示比较的范围。
【例句】
I think physics is the most difficult of all the subjects we learn.
我认为物理是我们学习的科目中最难的。
Lily gets to school the earliest every day. 丽丽每天最早到校。
【考题链接】
1. The Changjiang River is _________________（long）river in China.
2. My father gets home _______________（late）in my family.
答案：1. the longest 2. latest
4. 比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越……。
【例句】
Her daughter is taller and taller. 她女儿越长越高了。
The car drives faster and faster. 车开得越来越快了。
【考题链接】
The balloon is ________________________（越来越大）.
答案：bigger and bigger
5. the +比较级，the +比较级，表示越……，越……
【例句】
The more you eat, the fatter you will be. 你越吃就会越胖。
The deeper you go into the forest, the more dangerous you will be.
你越向森林深处走，你就会越危险。
【考题链接】
你学习越努力，成绩就越好。
_____________________you work, _________________result you will get.
答案：The harder, the better
6. 比较级和最高级可以互换
【例句】
Jim is taller than any other student in his class.
=Jim is taller than the other students in his class.
=Jim is the tallest student in his class. 吉姆在他班里是最高的学生。
【考题链接】
My father is the thinnest in my family. （同义句转换）
My father is ____________________________________in my family.
答案：thinner than any other member/the other members
7. 同级比较：as…as / not as…as
【例句】
Kate listens to the teacher as carefully as Jack. 凯特和杰克听课一样认真。
This ruler is not as long as that one. 这把尺子没有那把长。
=This ruler is shorter than that one.
= That ruler is longer than this one.
【考题链接】
My father is __________________his father.
A. as young as B. as older as C. so old as D. as youngest as
答案：A
思路分析：同级比较：as…as。
【即学即练】
根据提示完成句子
1. The red pencil is _______________________（short）among the six.
2. Jim jumps _________________（far）than his classmates.
3. Our city is becoming_______________________（越来越漂亮）.
4. The more you exercise, the ________________（健康）you will be.
5. Skiing is _________________（一样危险）diving.
6. The boy did his homework _______________（最差）.
答案：1. the shortest 2. farther 3. more and more beautiful 4. healthier 5. as dangerous as 6. worst
专项练习：
（答题时间：20分钟）
一、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空：
1. The moon looks ___________（bright）and _______（round）than usual on Mid-autumn Day.
2. What makes you ______________（happy）today than yesterday?
3. She sang even _________________（bad）than usual.
4. He likes English _______________（well）than math.
5. Which book is______________（interesting）, this one or that one?
6. Is basketball _____________（popular）game among all sports in American?
7. Who has____________（few）books, Li Lei, Liu Ying or Zhang Hua?
8. Mother asked her son to walk a bit ___________（fast）.
9. Swimming is as_______________（exciting）as cycling.
10. Who do you think can jump _____________（high）in your class?
二、单项选择题
（ ）1. Do not read so fast. You should read __________________.
A. more slowlier B. very much slowly
C. much more slowly D. very slowly
（ ）2. I am sorry to tell you that your work is even ___________than his.
A. bad B. best C. worse D. worst
（ ）3. If you work _____________, you’ll be able to do it better.
A. hard B. well C. harder D. better
（ ）4. Amy is the _________________ student in our class. Do you agree?
A. careful B. carefully C. most carefully D. most careful
（ ）5. Maths is one of the _________________ subjects in high schools.
A. important B. more important C. most important D. very important
（ ）6. —Who is________________, your Chinese teacher or your English teacher?
—Our English teacher.
A. more friendly B. the most friendly C. the friendliest D. friendly
（ ）7. ___________________he is, ______________he feels.
A. The busier, the happy B. The busy, the happy
C. The busier, the happier D. The busier, the happiest
（ ）8. We must do the work with ____________people and _____________money.
A. little, few B. few, little C. less, fewer D. fewer, less
（ ）9. He doesn’t feel very _____________ today.
A. good B. better C. nicest D. well
（ ）10. —Our English teacher told us these exercises were_________________.
—Really?
A. so easier B. much easier C. very easier D. more easier
三、将下列句子改为同义句
1. Liu Guang is the oldest boy in my class.
Liu Guang is ____________ than ______________ ___________ _________ in my class.
2. Lucy is 1.60m tall. Lily is 1.59m tall. Alan is 1.61m tall.
Lucy is _________________ _________________ Lily.
Alan is _________________ _________________ of the three.
Lily is ________________ ________________ Lucy and Alan.
3. Of the three boys, Tom is the strongest.
Tom is _______________ ________________ the ______________ ___________ boys.
4. Amy doesn’t swim as fast as Peter.
Amy swims ______________ _____________ ___________ Peter.
5. This bag is 5 dollars. That bag is 7 dollars.
This bag is not______________ ______________ ______________ that one.
That bag is ________________ _________________ _____________this one.
四、根据汉语完成句子
1. 他们现在比以前过的更幸福。
They now live _______________________________________ before.
2. 这条河没有那条长。
The river _______________________________________ that one.
3. 你们班上谁画画最好?
Who draws______________________________________?
4. 上海是中国最美的城市之一。
Shanghai is one of ________________________________________ in China.
5. 雨下得越来越大。
It rained __________________________________.
6. 这只箱子比那只重吗?
Is this box________________________ that __________________?
7. 吉姆在他班级里到校最早。
Jim _______________________________in his class.
8. 哪门功课更有趣，英语还是数学？
Which subject is ___________________________, English or maths?
9. 你学习越来越努力了。
You study ________________________________.
10. 吉姆比杰克胖一点。
Jim is _____________________________________ Jack.
五、阅读理解
Jack is a twenty-year-old young man. Two years ago, when he finished middle school, he found work in a shop. Usually he works until ten o’clock in the evening. He is very tired when he gets home. After a quick supper he goes to bed and soon falls asleep. His grandma who lives downstairs is pleased with him.
One day, on his way home, he met his friend Mary. They were both happy. He asked the girl to his house, and she agreed happily. He bought some fruit and drinks for her. And they talked about their school, teachers, classmates and their future. They talked for a long time.
“Have a look at your watch, please,” said the girl. “What time is it now?”
“Sorry, something is wrong with my watch,” said Jack. “Where’s yours?”
“I left it at home.”
Jack thought for a moment and found a way. He began to stamp his foot on the floor, “Bang！Bang！Bang！”
The sound woke his grandma up. The old woman shouted downstairs, “It’s twelve o’clock in the night, Jack. Why are you still jumping upstairs?”
（ ）1. Jack was ____________ when he finished middle school.
A. sixteen B. eighteen C. twenty D. fifteen
（ ）2. The old woman is pleased with Jack because_________________.
A. he’s her grandson B. he’s clever
C. he can keep quiet D. he gets home early
（ ）3. From the story, we can know that Mary is Jack’s ______________.
A. classmate B. colleague（同事） C. aunt D. wife
（ ）4. The word “stamp” in the story means ___________in Chinese.
A. 盖印 B. 跺 C. 贴邮票 D. 承认
（ ）5. Jack stamped his foot on the floor in order to（为了）______________.
A. wake his grandma up B. make his grandma angry
C. let his grandma tell him the time D. let his grandma buy him a watch
答案：
一、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1. brighter, rounder 2. happier 3. worse 4. better 5. more interesting
6. the most popular 7. the fewest 8. faster 9. exciting 10. highest
二、单项选择题
1. C 解析：slowly的比较级是more slowly, much修饰比较级
2. C 解析：even 后跟比较级
3. C 解析：根据do it better, 可以判断出前面是work harder
4. D 解析：根据in our class可以判断出是最高级, 且是形容词作定语
5. C 解析：one of the +最高级+名词复数
6. A 解析：后面是两者比较
7. C 解析：the + 比较级，the + 比较级，越……越……
8. D 解析：few修饰可数名词，little修饰不可数名词
9. D 解析：very后跟原形，well表示身体好
10. B 解析：much修饰比较级
三、将下列句子改为同义句
1. older, any other boy 2. taller than, the tallest , shorter than
3. stronger than, other two 4. more slowly than
5. as expensive as, more expensive than
四、根据汉语完成句子
1. more happily than 2. is not as long as 3. the best in your class
4. the most beautiful cities 5. more and more heavily 6. heavier than, one
7. gets to school earliest 8. more interesting 9. harder and harder
10. a little fatter than
五、阅读理解 BCABC
知识梳理：
【教材原句】
I am hungry, Eddie. 我饿了，艾迪。
She is shorter than I am. 她比我矮。
He is the tallest boy in our class. 他在我们班是最高的男孩。
She draws better than any other student in my class.
在我的班级里，她画得比别人都好。
Among all my subjects, I like French best. 在我所有的科目中，我最喜欢法语。
【概念】英语中，形容词或副词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。
【用法】
1. 当没有任何比较的时候，我们可以用形容词或副词的原级，可以由very, too, quite, rather, enough, so等词来修饰。
【例句】
Jim is very strong. He can run very fast. 吉姆很强壮，他能跑得很快。
You should keep your room clean and tidy. 你应当保持你房间的整洁。
【考题链接】
The boy lost his key. He seemed very ___________________.
A. happy B. happily C. sad D. sadly
答案：C
思路分析：根据句意可知。seem为系动词，后接形容词作表语。
2. 当两者放在一起比较的时候，用比较级，句子中常有than，或…or…。比较级的前面可以用much, a little, even, a lot等词语来修饰。
【例句】
This building is much older than that building. 这幢楼比那幢楼旧多了。
Who jumps farther, Jim or Jack? 谁跳得更远，吉姆还是杰克？
【考题链接】
An elephant is ____________________（heavy）than a horse.
答案：heavier
3. 当三者或三者以上的人或物放在一起比较的时候，用最高级。句子中通常有of…, among…, in…等词语表示比较的范围。
【例句】
I think physics is the most difficult of all the subjects we learn.
我认为物理是我们学习的科目中最难的。
Lily gets to school the earliest every day. 丽丽每天最早到校。
【考题链接】
1. The Changjiang River is _________________（long）river in China.
2. My father gets home _______________（late）in my family.
答案：1. the longest 2. latest
4. 比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越……。
【例句】
Her daughter is taller and taller. 她女儿越长越高了。
The car drives faster and faster. 车开得越来越快了。
【考题链接】
The balloon is ________________________（越来越大）.
答案：bigger and bigger
5. the +比较级，the +比较级，表示越……，越……
【例句】
The more you eat, the fatter you will be. 你越吃就会越胖。
The deeper you go into the forest, the more dangerous you will be.
你越向森林深处走，你就会越危险。
【考题链接】
你学习越努力，成绩就越好。
_____________________you work, _________________result you will get.
答案：The harder, the better
6. 比较级和最高级可以互换
【例句】
Jim is taller than any other student in his class.
=Jim is taller than the other students in his class.
=Jim is the tallest student in his class. 吉姆在他班里是最高的学生。
【考题链接】
My father is the thinnest in my family. （同义句转换）
My father is ____________________________________in my family.
答案：thinner than any other member/the other members
7. 同级比较：as…as / not as…as
【例句】
Kate listens to the teacher as carefully as Jack. 凯特和杰克听课一样认真。
This ruler is not as long as that one. 这把尺子没有那把长。
=This ruler is shorter than that one.
= That ruler is longer than this one.
【考题链接】
My father is __________________his father.
A. as young as B. as older as C. so old as D. as youngest as
答案：A
思路分析：同级比较：as…as。
【即学即练】
根据提示完成句子
1. The red pencil is _______________________（short）among the six.
2. Jim jumps _________________（far）than his classmates.
3. Our city is becoming_______________________（越来越漂亮）.
4. The more you exercise, the ________________（健康）you will be.
5. Skiing is _________________（一样危险）diving.
6. The boy did his homework _______________（最差）.
答案：1. the shortest 2. farther 3. more and more beautiful 4. healthier 5. as dangerous as 6. worst
专项练习：
（答题时间：20分钟）
一、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空：
1. The moon looks ___________（bright）and _______（round）than usual on Mid-autumn Day.
2. What makes you ______________（happy）today than yesterday?
3. She sang even _________________（bad）than usual.
4. He likes English _______________（well）than math.
5. Which book is______________（interesting）, this one or that one?
6. Is basketball _____________（popular）game among all sports in American?
7. Who has____________（few）books, Li Lei, Liu Ying or Zhang Hua?
8. Mother asked her son to walk a bit ___________（fast）.
9. Swimming is as_______________（exciting）as cycling.
10. Who do you think can jump _____________（high）in your class?
二、单项选择题
（ ）1. Do not read so fast. You should read __________________.
A. more slowlier B. very much slowly
C. much more slowly D. very slowly
（ ）2. I am sorry to tell you that your work is even ___________than his.
A. bad B. best C. worse D. worst
（ ）3. If you work _____________, you’ll be able to do it better.
A. hard B. well C. harder D. better
（ ）4. Amy is the _________________ student in our class. Do you agree?
A. careful B. carefully C. most carefully D. most careful
（ ）5. Maths is one of the _________________ subjects in high schools.
A. important B. more important C. most important D. very important
（ ）6. —Who is________________, your Chinese teacher or your English teacher?
—Our English teacher.
A. more friendly B. the most friendly C. the friendliest D. friendly
（ ）7. ___________________he is, ______________he feels.
A. The busier, the happy B. The busy, the happy
C. The busier, the happier D. The busier, the happiest
（ ）8. We must do the work with ____________people and _____________money.
A. little, few B. few, little C. less, fewer D. fewer, less
（ ）9. He doesn’t feel very _____________ today.
A. good B. better C. nicest D. well
（ ）10. —Our English teacher told us these exercises were_________________.
—Really?
A. so easier B. much easier C. very easier D. more easier
三、将下列句子改为同义句
1. Liu Guang is the oldest boy in my class.
Liu Guang is ____________ than ______________ ___________ _________ in my class.
2. Lucy is 1.60m tall. Lily is 1.59m tall. Alan is 1.61m tall.
Lucy is _________________ _________________ Lily.
Alan is _________________ _________________ of the three.
Lily is ________________ ________________ Lucy and Alan.
3. Of the three boys, Tom is the strongest.
Tom is _______________ ________________ the ______________ ___________ boys.
4. Amy doesn’t swim as fast as Peter.
Amy swims ______________ _____________ ___________ Peter.
5. This bag is 5 dollars. That bag is 7 dollars.
This bag is not______________ ______________ ______________ that one.
That bag is ________________ _________________ _____________this one.
四、根据汉语完成句子
1. 他们现在比以前过的更幸福。
They now live _______________________________________ before.
2. 这条河没有那条长。
The river _______________________________________ that one.
3. 你们班上谁画画最好?
Who draws______________________________________?
4. 上海是中国最美的城市之一。
Shanghai is one of ________________________________________ in China.
5. 雨下得越来越大。
It rained __________________________________.
6. 这只箱子比那只重吗?
Is this box________________________ that __________________?
7. 吉姆在他班级里到校最早。
Jim _______________________________in his class.
8. 哪门功课更有趣，英语还是数学？
Which subject is ___________________________, English or maths?
9. 你学习越来越努力了。
You study ________________________________.
10. 吉姆比杰克胖一点。
Jim is _____________________________________ Jack.
五、阅读理解
Jack is a twenty-year-old young man. Two years ago, when he finished middle school, he found work in a shop. Usually he works until ten o’clock in the evening. He is very tired when he gets home. After a quick supper he goes to bed and soon falls asleep. His grandma who lives downstairs is pleased with him.
One day, on his way home, he met his friend Mary. They were both happy. He asked the girl to his house, and she agreed happily. He bought some fruit and drinks for her. And they talked about their school, teachers, classmates and their future. They talked for a long time.
“Have a look at your watch, please,” said the girl. “What time is it now?”
“Sorry, something is wrong with my watch,” said Jack. “Where’s yours?”
“I left it at home.”
Jack thought for a moment and found a way. He began to stamp his foot on the floor, “Bang！Bang！Bang！”
The sound woke his grandma up. The old woman shouted downstairs, “It’s twelve o’clock in the night, Jack. Why are you still jumping upstairs?”
（ ）1. Jack was ____________ when he finished middle school.
A. sixteen B. eighteen C. twenty D. fifteen
（ ）2. The old woman is pleased with Jack because_________________.
A. he’s her grandson B. he’s clever
C. he can keep quiet D. he gets home early
（ ）3. From the story, we can know that Mary is Jack’s ______________.
A. classmate B. colleague（同事） C. aunt D. wife
（ ）4. The word “stamp” in the story means ___________in Chinese.
A. 盖印 B. 跺 C. 贴邮票 D. 承认
（ ）5. Jack stamped his foot on the floor in order to（为了）______________.
A. wake his grandma up B. make his grandma angry
C. let his grandma tell him the time D. let his grandma buy him a watch
答案：
一、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1. brighter, rounder 2. happier 3. worse 4. better 5. more interesting
6. the most popular 7. the fewest 8. faster 9. exciting 10. highest
二、单项选择题
1. C 解析：slowly的比较级是more slowly, much修饰比较级
2. C 解析：even 后跟比较级
3. C 解析：根据do it better, 可以判断出前面是work harder
4. D 解析：根据in our class可以判断出是最高级, 且是形容词作定语
5. C 解析：one of the +最高级+名词复数
6. A 解析：后面是两者比较
7. C 解析：the + 比较级，the + 比较级，越……越……
8. D 解析：few修饰可数名词，little修饰不可数名词
9. D 解析：very后跟原形，well表示身体好
10. B 解析：much修饰比较级
三、将下列句子改为同义句
1. older, any other boy 2. taller than, the tallest , shorter than
3. stronger than, other two 4. more slowly than
5. as expensive as, more expensive than
四、根据汉语完成句子
1. more happily than 2. is not as long as 3. the best in your class
4. the most beautiful cities 5. more and more heavily 6. heavier than, one
7. gets to school earliest 8. more interesting 9. harder and harder
10. a little fatter than
五、阅读理解 BCABC