中考英语复习课件-宾语从句

(共30张PPT)
第二篇 句法
宾语从句
复习要点
1.宾语从句的主要类型
2.宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况
（1） 引导词（2 ）宾语从句的语序
（3） 宾语从句的时态（4 ）宾语从句的否定形式
（5 ）宾语从句中的特殊情形
The Object Clause
宾语从句
宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子。带有宾语从句的那个句子叫主句。宾语从句一般由“引导词(连接词）+主语+谓语+其它”构成，其语序是陈述句语序。
宾语从句的主要类型
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或动词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for (宾语）
He asked whose handwriting was the best.（定语）
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is （表语）
I don’t know why the train is late.（状语）
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
难点链接
宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况
1.引导词
①由陈述句变来的宾语从句，用连词 that 等引导，并且在口语中常常省略此词：
e.g. He said （ that ）he had a new dictionary .
I know ( that ) Lucy can play football very well .
但是，如果 that 引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时，最后一个 that 不能省略。
e.g. I know ( that ) Tom comes from France and that he teaches in a middle school in Guilin now .
难点链接
②由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，用 whether 或
if 引导，并且两词可以互用。但是 whether 可以和 or
not 连用，而 if 不能。
e.g. I want to know whether ( if ) she still lives
there .
Please tell me whether you can come or not .
③由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句，由特殊疑问词 who ,
whom , whose , which , when , where , why , how 等
引导 。
e.g. I don’t know whose book it is .
Do you know where our English teacher lives
The teacher asked what was happening .
He wanted to know why you can play the piano so well .
难点链接
2 .宾语从句的语序
1.无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。
e.g. Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum
He asked him where he came from .
Did you know what’s the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday？
Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .
难点链接
2.若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是 does 或 did 时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。
e.g.
I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ”
I asked Tom what he liked best .
The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ”
The teacher asked me if I had read the book .
He asked , “ Who can carry the box ”
He asked who could carry the box .
难点链接
3. 宾语从句的时态
1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。如：
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station
2. 当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时） ，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。例如：
He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon .
The teacher told the students that no news is good news .
We should know what he said is only the truth .
I know that he is an excellent student .
The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health.
难点链接
4 . 宾语从句的否定形式
一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句是I/ We think/ suppose/ guess/ believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：
I don’t think it’s going to rain .
I don’t believe she will lend you the money .
此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。
试比较：
I think he is wrong, isn’t he
He thinks he is right, doesn’t he
难点链接
5 . 宾语从句中的特殊情形
在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意：
1）句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用 “to” 或 “not to ”的句式来连接。
e.g. Don’t open the door . （用 they 作主语变为宾语从句）
They ask not to open the door .
2）代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。
e.g. “ I come from Canada ” , Lucy says .
Lucy says that she comes from Canada .
难点链接
3）若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是 does 或 did 时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。
e.g.
I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ”
→ I asked Tom what he liked best .
The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ”
→ The teacher asked me if I have read the book .
He asked , “ Who can carry the box ”
→ He asked who could carry the box .
难点链接
4）不能用if，只能用whether的四种情况：
a. 在介词后
I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.
b. 直接与or not连用时
I don’t know whether or not they will come to help us.
c. 在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中
We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week.
d. 宾语从句提前时只能用whether
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
难点链接
5)句型转换：
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词＋动词不定式替代，进行句型上的转换。
e.g.
I’ve no idea what we’re going to do next.
→ I’ve no idea what to do next.
Could you tell me how I can get to the post office
→ Could you tell me how to get to the post office
难点链接
1. Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2002.
A. where does she live B. Where she lives
C. where did she live D. where she lived
【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。
2.Would you please tell me ________
A. when did he come home B. where he would play football
C. if he had seen the film D. why he didn’t watch the game
【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。
3. I don’t know when __________.
A. will the train leave B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave D. the train leave
【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。
4. ---We don’t know _____________.
---It is said that he was born in Sweden.
A. what he is B. if he lives here
C. where he comes from D. which country is he from
【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和上下文的意思的连贯性。只有C符合要求。
例题解析
5?　 Could you tell me ＿＿＿
A?　Mrs. King where lives B?　where does Mrs. King live
C?　where Mrs. King lives D?　Mrs. King lives where
［答案］ C.?
［析］ 宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。
6?　 - Can you tell me ＿＿＿ - Sure? She's a nurse?
A?　where is your sister B?　where your sister is
C?　what is your sister D?　what your sister is
［答案］ D.?
［析］ who 问的是姓名，如： Who is he He is Smith? 或 He is my father? What 问的是职业，如： What is he /what does he do He is a teacher.
7?　 Could you tell me ＿＿＿
A?　when the train will arrive B?　when the train arrived
C?　when did the train arrive D?　when does the train arrives
［答案］ A.?
［析］ could 用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉，并不是过去时态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。
例题解析
8?　 - Could you tell me ＿＿＿
- Yes， They ＿＿＿ to the library?
A?　where are the twins， have been
B?　where were the twins， have been
C?　where the twins are， have gone
D?　where the twins were， have gone
［答案］ C.?
［析］ have been to 是去过什么地方，而现在回来了。 have gone to 是到某地去了，人现在不在这里。
9?　 I don't know ＿＿＿ to read the word．
A?　which B?　what C?　whose D?　how
［答案］ D.?
［析］ 因不定式 to read 中的 read 是及物动词，已有自己的宾语 the word， 所以应用疑问副词 how。
10?　 I wonder ＿＿＿ ．
A?　whose bicycle is it B?　it is whose bicycle
C?　is it whose bicycle D?　whose bicycle it is
［答案］ D.?
［析］ wonder 后的宾语从句应用陈述语序。?
?
?
?
??
例题解析
从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。 1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come B. how will he come
C. if he comes D. whether he'll come 3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is
A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help
A. how did he mend B. what did he mend
C. how he mended D. what he mended 5. I want to know _________.
A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after
例题解析
D
D
D
C
D
6. Do you know where _________ now
A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live
7. Do you know what time _________ A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are 9. The small children don't know _________.
A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings 10. I can't understand _________.
A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means
A
D
D
B
D
例题解析
11. He said ________ she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what 12. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ________ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if 13. A: Could you tell me ________ she is looking for B: Her cousin, Susan. A. that B. whose C. who D. which 14. I want to know________. A. what is his name B. what's his name
C. that his name is D. what his name is 15. Could you tell me________ A. when did Tom come back B. when does Tom come back C. when Tom will come back D. when Tom comes back
A
D
C
D
C
例题解析
16. A: Could you tell me ________
B: I'm not sure. A. how many people have been out of hospital
B. when is Thanksgiving Day C. which animal does he like best
D. what time will the dolphin show start 17. Mr. King didn't know ________ yesterday evening. A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home 18. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ____Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. has been D. which 19. I wonder ________ you would like to come to my birthday party. A. that B. whether C. that if D. that whether 20. A: I'm waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive B: Usually it comes by 4:00. A. how B. where C. when D. what
A
D
A
B
C
例题解析
21. Do you know ________ during the coming holiday A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do
C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did 22. The teacher told us that light ______ much faster than sound. A. travels B. traveled C. would travel D. had traveled 23. Do you know if ________ back next week If he ________ back, please let me know. A. he comes, will come B. will he come, comes C. he will come, comes D. will he come, will come 24. The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 25.Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been
C
A
C
A
D
例题解析
26. The students want to know whether they___ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are 27. She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may 28 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled 29. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty
A. who B. what C. when D. that 30. I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
C
B
C
C
B
例题解析
31. I hardly understand.___ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which D. who 32. She didn't know___ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be
C. he will be D. if he will come 33. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening
what B when C why D how
34.He asked me _____told me the accident
A whom B which C who D whose
35.They don't know _______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
B
A
A
C
B
例题解析
36.Please tell me _____ last year. A. where does your sister work B. where did your sister work C where your sister works D. where your sister worked 37.She asked me if I knew ______ A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it 38. Did you know ____ A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after 39. Could you tell me ___ A. when will they leave Beijing
B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing
D. when did they leave Beijing 40. Could you tell me________ A .where do you live B. who you are waiting for 　 C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
D
B
A
C
B
例题解析
按要求转换句型。 1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China Could you tell us （改写句子）
→Could you tell us _______Mr. Brown _______ living in China 2. "Does the girl need any help ” he asked me.（变为复合句）
→He asked me ________ the girl ________ some help．
3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）
_________Jim ________Tom is a student. 4. When does the train leave I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know _________ the train _________. 5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用not．．．until改写)
They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．
If enjoys
If needs
Neither nor
when leaves
didn’t until
例题解析
6. Did Peter come here yesterday Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday
7.How does he get on with his new classmates Could you tell me (改为含有宾语从句的复合句) Could you tell me how _____ _____ on with his new classmates 8.What is he doing there Mother didn't know. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句 Mother didn't know what _______ ______doing there. 9.You'd better ask your mother whether is it cheap enough before you try it on.(改错) 10.What's his name I asked him.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句） I asked him what _____ _____ ______.
If came
he goes
he was
his name was
例题解析
11.Why didn't he look happy Could you tell me (改为含有宾语从句的复合句) Could you tell me why ______ ______look happy 12.Does he still live in that street I don't know(改为含有宾语从句的复合句) I don't know ________he still _______ in that street. 7)Whose children is the old woman looking after Did you find out （改为含有宾语从句的复合句） Did you find out whose children the old woman _______ _______after 13.The moon moves round the earth. My sister told me.（同上） My sister told me ________ the moon_________ round the earth. 14.I think it is not going to snow tomorrow.（改错） 15."Do you want to try something new。" Tom's mother asked him.(同义句转换) Tom's mother asked him_______ _______ _______to try something new.
he didn’t
If lives
was looking
that moves
If he wanted
例题解析
同义句转换 1. Jim said: “The fastest way to travel is by plane.” Jim said _________ the fastest way to travel _________ by plane. 2. The teacher said to us: “Spring comes after winter.” The teacher ______ ________ ________ spring _________ after winter. 3. He can’t work out the problem. I believe. I _____ _______ ________ _________work out the problem. 4. How can we get to the plane I don’t know. I don’t know _____ _____ ______get to the plane. 5. Where did you find the book Could you tell me Could you tell me ________ ________ _______the book 6. Who has left for Haikou Nobody knows. Nobody knows ________ ________ _________ ________Haikou. 7. Will you go there by bus Have you made a decision Have you decided _________ _________ _________there by bus 8. Mrs. White told Tom that he shouldn’t throw paper on the ground. Mrs. White told Tom _______ _______ ______paper on the ground. 9. I don’t know why they are standing there. I don’t know _________ they are standing there _________.
that is
told us that comes
believe that he can’t
how we can
where you found
who has left for
If you’ll go
not to throw
what for
例题解析