名词

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名称 名词
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更新时间 2011-09-03 15:59:38

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名词&冠词和代词的讲与练可数与不可数名词讲解 英语中的名词按其表示的事物性质的不同可分为可数名词与不可数名词。这两种名词在用法上是有区别的,现归纳如下:  一、可数名词有单数、复数之分,如:(一)名词单复数一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。如:some water;a lot of bread 二、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an);而不可数名词不能用a(an)。如:  Li Hong is a driver.I am a teacher.李红是一名司机,我是一名教师。  We can’t see milk on the table.我们看不见桌上有牛奶。  [友情提醒]在表示特指时,不可数名词和可数名词前都要用定冠词the,如:  Pass me the ball,please.请把球传给我。  The chicken on the plate is yours.盘子里的鸡肉是你的。  三、可数名词表示复数意义时可用many等词修饰。如:  many apples;a lot of tomatoes;a few pens  不可数名词则要用much、a little等词修饰。如:  much meat a little breadlittle water  [友情提醒]这两类名词都可以被some、any、a lot of(lost of)等修饰。如:some eggs/paper(纸)。  A lot of (lots of) knives/orange juice  四、可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来修饰。如:  three women ten babies  不可数名词表示数量的多少时,必须与表示数量的名词连用,即“数词+表示数量的名词(可数名词)+of+不可数名词”。如:  two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶  five pieces of bread 五片面包  五、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数与主语的单、复数须保持一致。不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。如:  There is some rice in the bowl.碗里有些米饭。  All the students are in the classroom.所有的学生都在教室里。  [友情提醒]如果不可数名词前有复数名词短语修饰时,谓语动词须用复数形式。如:  There are two bags of rice in the room.房间里有两袋大米。  六、对可数名词的数量提问用how many;对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much,但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。  如:  I can see two pictures on the wall. → How many pictures can you see on the wall?  There is a lot of pork in the basket. → How much pork is there in the basket?  I want three glasses of water. → How many glasses of water do you want?  七、另外,有些集合名词也是可数名词,但不同的是,它们以单数形式出现,表示复数概念,如people,police,family等;而有些可数名词本身就以复数形式出现,如clothes,glasses(眼镜)等;有的可数名词单、复数形式相同,如Japanese,sheep,Chinese等。如:  The Chinese people are hardworking and brave.中国人民勤劳勇敢。  The sports clothes are new.这些运动服是新的。I have one sheep. He has two sheep.我有一只羊,他有三只羊(二)名词的格(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:(1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane2. 用法:定冠词的用法:(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk. (2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.(4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second.(5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况:(1)专有名词前:China is a big country. (2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.(6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.(9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus三、代词:人称代词,物主代词 人称代词物主代词主格宾格第一
人称单数I(我)memy(我的)复数we(我们)usour(我们的)第二
人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)第三
人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)she(她)herher(她的)it(它)itits(它的)复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)1. 主格一般用在句中作为主语,一般用在动词前(除疑问句)2. 宾格多用于动词介词后面。3. 形容词性物主代词后面必须要跟名词。4. 名次性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词练习:写出下列各词的复数。I _________ him _________ this _______ her ______ watch _______ book_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______ woman_______ paper_______ people________juice____________water________milk__________rice___________ _tea_________ family knife baby glass blouse box photo watch Chinese dress is2. 写出下列各词的反义词yes_________black________here_______new ________different_______small_______go______early ________right__________down________ask______behind_ _____fat______noisy________ ill _ ________long__________hot__________big________bad________busy____________heavy_________fast________low_______left _________tall_________young________last____________open_____________black same up sitnew short there3. 写出下列各词的近义词learn________find________near_______just now ______look _______desk ______picture_______big__________small__________tall__________listen__________quick____________nice_________ cup ______speak________ ___________mum________dad________purse______ exciting _ ____4. 写出下列各词的同音词to________by_______for________there ____________see______right_______who’s_________I ___________aren’t_______here___________father___________son__________pear________no____________be_______________hi__________二.用所给词的适当形式填空。1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )3. Is this _________ watch (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )4. _________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )5. _________ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _________ ( you )6. Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ( she )7. I can find my toy, but where’s _________ ( you )8. Show _________ your kite, OK (they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )10. Are these ________ tickets No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they ) 11. Shall _________ have a look at that classroom That is _________ classroom. ( we )12. _________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job _________ a nurse. ( she )13. That is not _________ camera. _________is at home. ( he )14. Where are _________ I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they )15. Don’t touch _________. _________ not a cat, _________ a tiger!16. _________ sister is ill. Please go and get _________. ( she )17. _________ don’t know her name. Would you please tell _________. ( we )18. So many dogs. Let’s count _________. ( they )19. I have a lovely brother. _________ is only 3. I like _________ very much. ( he )20. May I sit beside _________ ( you )21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _________. ( it )22Are those trousers No, aren’t . are blue.(they)23Tom, where’s bike Is this black bike No, it isn’t . (my,mine,your,yours)24.What’s the woman’s name name is Gao Hui. is an English teacher.(she,her,his,she’s)25. are twins, names are Lucy and Lily. look like parents.(they)26. am an English teacher. name is Ma Ying.( I )27. is good friend. all like .(he,him,we,you,our)28.Can help Yes, can.(her,she,I,you)29.Give an apple, please. Which one is The small one is .(he)Where is photo Is that yours No, that’s not . is black.( I )The girl behind _________ is our friend. (she )Li Ming and I are boys. are good friends. parents are all teachers.32.Ann and you are girls. are English. Chinese teacher is Mrs. Wang.33.This is classroom. is small. But is big.(ours,their,theirs)34.These are grapes. Please put on the table.(it,they,them)35. is young. Let help .(she,her,hers,we,us)36. have some pen-friends. like to write to .(I,me,they,them,their)
1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3. Is this _________ watch (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I ) 4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )用a,an或the填空(不需要的用“/”表示):This is Ann. She has apple. It’s red apple.Can you see teacher in the classroom Which one Where is tescher’s desk It’s near window.We can find “f” in the word “family”.What’s time It’s four o’clock.Who’s man in Picture One Where’s cat It’s under table.Don’t look at me. Look at teacher. students of Class One are playing football.It’s seven twenty in morning. It’s time to go to school.Li Lei is at home. He wants to go to classroom.What colour is bird It’s white. It’s white bird.二、按要求写单词。(10分)1. light (反义词)_________ 2. buy (过去式)_________3. one (序数词)_________ 4. the second day in a week (同义词)_________5. knife (复数)_________ 6. Japan (形容词)_________7. let’s (完全形式)________ 8. four(同音词)___________9. us (主格)__________ 10. cannot (缩略形式)_________三、选择填空。(10分)( ) 1. Mrs Green is ______ mother. They are ______. A Lucy and Lily’s; twins B Lucy’s and Lily’s; twins’ C Lucy and Lily’s; twin D Lucy’s and Lily’s; twins( ) 2.What about something ____ A eat B drink C to eat D get( ) 3.—is your new English teacher -- The man under the tree, he is with Miss Gao. A Where B Which C Whose D What( ) 4. Turn ____ the TV. I want to see the old film. A on B off C to D in( ) 5. It’s good to be in ____ in summer(夏天). A black B white C orange D dark blue( ) 6. Americans speak _____, you know. A Chinese B Japanese C English D American( ) 7. -- _____ is the weather like today -- It’s rainy. A What B How C When D Why( ) 8. ____ can I go to the police station(警察局) And ____ way shall I go A What; which B How; what C How; which D how; what( ) 9. The two girls are twins. _____ names are Lucy and Lily. A their B They’re C Their D Theirs( ) 10.My father ____ English now. A reads B reading C is reading D read四、按要求进行句型转换。(10分)1. You can see that is a pear.(改为否定疑问句) _______ _________ see that is a pear 2. I can give her my pencil.(改为同义句) I can give my pencil ______ _______.3. The boy behind the door is Tom.(对画线部分提问) _______ _________ is Tom 4. Li Lei is in Team Four. Lin Tao is in Team Four, too.(合为一句) Li Lei and Lin Tao ______ in ______ same team.5. Jack and Mick are American.(改为一般疑问句) ______ Jack and Mike ______