(共57张PPT)
Phonetic
Symbols
国际音标
教学目标
1.
要求学生熟练掌握元音(vowels)
[i:]、[i]、[e]、[?]
和辅音(consonants)[p]、[b]、[t]、[d]、[k]、[g]
2.
要求学生熟练掌握字母Aa-Nn的音标。
教学重难点
1.掌握元音[i:]、[i]、[e]、[?]和辅音[p]、[b]、[t]、[d]、[k]、[g]的正确发音、口形变化及掌握读音规则。
2.掌握辅音和元音的拼读方法。
3.字母Aa-Nn的音标。
音
标
英语共有48个音素,其中元音音素20个,辅音音素28个。
英语辅音和元音在语言中的作用相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。
记录英语音素的符号叫做音标。
音标放在两条斜线(//),以免和字母混淆。
国际音标
48个
元音20个
(声带振动,气流不受阻碍)
辅音28个(气流受到阻碍)
单元音
双元音
清辅音
浊辅音
常见体现---单词表
class
/klɑ:s/
n.
班级
单词
音标
中文意思
词性
单元音
长元音
/a:/
/?:/
/?:/
/i:/
/u:/
短元音
/?/
/?/
/?/
/i/
/u/
/e/
/?/
双元音
/e?/
/a?/
/??/
/a?/
/??/
/e?/
/??/
/??/
元音(20个)(韵母)
清辅音
/p/
/?t/
/?k/
/f/
/θ/
/s/
浊辅音
/b/
/d/
/g/
/v/
/?/
/z/
清辅音
/?/
/t?/
/tr/
/ts/
/?h/
浊辅音
/?/
/d?/
/dr/?
/dz/
/r/
鼻音
/m/
/n/?
/?/?
半元音
/w/
/j/
边音
/l/
辅音(28个)
(声母)
今日目标
元音(vowels)
[i:]、[i]、[e]、[?]
辅音(consonants)[p]、[b]、[t]、[d]、[k]、[g]
单元音
/i:/
---
/i/
/i:/
舌尖抵下齿,舌前部向硬腭抬起,嘴角向两边张开,流露出微笑的表情,适当拉长发音。
与字母
E
发音相同。
注意:“:”是长音符号,长元音往往比它相应的短元音长两倍以上。
发音组合:??e????ee????ea????ie????ei
/i/
舌尖抵下齿,舌前部向硬腭抬起,比/i:/低,嘴型扁平。注意嘴巴比/i:/大,发音比/i:/短。
发音组合:???i
y
a
国际音标表
/i:/
/i/
e
she,
be,
we
ea
eat,
clean,
teacher
ee
see,
three,
meet
ey
key
i
police
i
big,
pig,
fish
y
any,
many,
family
a
orange
国际音标表
元音/
e
/
嘴形扁平,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起。
发音组合:??e???ea???a
舌尖抵下齿,嘴角尽量拉向两边,成扁平形。是所有音标里面嘴巴咧的最宽的一个,同时嘴巴也要张大,上下齿之间可容纳食指和中指。
发音组合:?a
单元音/?/
国际音标表
/e/
/?/
e
bed,
egg,
ten
a
many,
any,
ea
bread,
sweater
a
bag,
apple,
man
国际音标表
辅音[p]、[b]、[t]、[d]、[k]、[g]。
[p]、[t]、[k]是清辅音,不引起声带震动。
[b]、[d]、[g]是浊辅音,引起声带震动。
辅音和元音相拼时,“辅音轻,元音重,两音相拼猛一碰”。
[pi:]
[pi]
[pe]
[p?]
[bi:]
[bi]
[be]
[b?]
[ti:]
[ti]
[te]
[t?]
[di:]
[di]
[de]
[d?]
[ki:]
[ki]
[ke]
[k?]
[gi:]
[gi]
[ge]
[g?]
国际音标表
1.
/p/
p
/pig/
/k?p/
/p?k/
/'k?p?/
/b/
b
/b?g/
/big/
/b?t/
/ba?/
2.
/t/
t
/?t/
/ta?g?/
/d/
d
/desk/
/d?/
3.
/k/
c/ck/k
/wi:k/
/k?t/
/kl?k/
/g/
g
/b?g/
/get/
看音标拼读
绕口令
A
big
black
bug
bit
a
big
black
bear
and
made
the
big
black
bear
bleed
blood.
Each
Easter
Eddie
eats
eighty
Easter
eggs.
总结
元音(vowels)
[i:]、[i]、[e]、[?]
辅音(consonants)[p]、[b]、[t]、[d]、[k]、[g]
教学目标
1.要求学生熟练掌握中元音[?:]
[?]
[?]和辅音(摩擦音)[f]
[v]
[s]
[z]
[θ]
[?]
[∫]
[?]
[h]
2.要求学生熟练掌握字母Oo-Zz的音标。
教学重难点
学生熟练掌握中元音[?:]
[?]
[?]和辅音(摩擦音)[f]
[v]
[s]
[z]
[θ]
[?]
[∫]
[?]
[h]
回顾复习
元音(vowels)
[i:]、[i]、[e]、[?]
辅音(consonants)[p]、[b]、[t]、[d]、[k]、[g]
拼读下列音标
[pi:s]、[it]、[egg]、[?pl]
[p?kit]、[b?d]、[ten?s]
[desk]、[ki:p]、[g?ft]
今日目标
元音
[?:]
[?]
[a:]
[?]
辅音
[f]
[v]
[s]
[z]
[θ]
[?]
[∫]
[?]
[h]
单元音/?:/-
/?:/
舌中部稍抬起,舌尖微抵下齿,双唇扁平,发音较长。
发音组合:or???ir???er???ur???
单元音
/?/
双唇扁平,舌尖微抵下齿,口张开比/?:/略大
发音组合:a???er???or?
o
国际音标表
/?:/
/?/
er
her
ir
bird,
girl,
shirt
or
work,
word
ur
nurse,
purple,
turn
a
about,
woman,
cinema
er
father,
mother,
worker
or
doctor
our
colour
国际音标表
单元音/ɑ:/
长元音。口腔打开,嘴张大,舌身平放后缩,舌尖离开下齿,
下巴收低一点,轻松发音。与“啊”发音有点像。
元音/?/
舌头后部的靠前部分稍微抬起,舌尖和舌端两侧触及下齿。双唇向两旁平伸。
发音组合:u????o
ou
国际音标表
/a:/
/Λ/
a
ask,
class,
father
ar
car,
card,
park
u
us,
under,
number
o
brother,
come,
some
ou
young
辅音字母
[f]
[v]
[s]
[z]
[θ]
[?]
[∫]
[?]
[h]
国际音标表
[?]
[?:]
[?]
[ɑ?]
[?]
[?:]
[?]
[ɑ?]
[?]
[?:]
[?]
[ɑ?]
[?]
[?:]
[?]
[ɑ?]
[?]
[?:]
[?]
[ɑ?]
[?]
[?:]
[?]
[ɑ?]
[?]
[?:]
[?]
[ɑ?]
[?]
[?:]
[?]
[ɑ?]
[?]
[?:]
[?]
[ɑ?]
1.
/f/
f
/fɑ:m/
/na?f/
ph
/f??n/
/f??t??/
/v/
v
/fa?v/
/vɑ:z/
2.
/s/
c
/fe?s/
/s?:t?n/
s
/si:/
/
w?:ks/
/z/
s
/pli:z/
/i:zi/
z
/zu:/
/z??r??/
3.
/θ/
th
/m?θ/
/θ?nk/
[θ??k]
/?/
th
/?is/
/??t/
4.
/?/
sh
/f??/
/??p/
s
/???/
/?/
s
/ple??/
/'tel?v??(?)n/
看音标拼读
绕口令,区别[s]
和[∫]的发音
She
sells
sea
shells
on
the
seashore.
If
she
sells
seashells
by
the
seashore,
I’m
sure
she
sells
seashore
shells.
总结
元音
[?:]
[?]
[a:]
[?]
辅音
[f]
[v]
[s]
[z]
[θ]
[?]
[∫]
[?]
[h]
教学目标
1.要求学生熟练掌握后元音[?:]
[?]
[u:]
[u]和辅音[t?]
[d?]
[tr]
[dr]
[ts]
[dz]
2.要求学生熟练掌握字母Aa-Zz的音标。
教学重难点
要求学生熟练掌握后元音[?:]
[?]
[u:]
[u]和辅音[t?]
[d?]
[tr]
[dr]
[ts]
[dz]
回顾复习
元音
[?:]
[?]
[a:]
[?]
辅音
[f]
[v]
[s]
[z]
[θ]
[?]
[∫]
[?]
[h]
拼读下列音标
[ver?]、[?u:]、[s?d]、[?p]
[θ??t?]、[zed]、[??m]
[stɑ?]、[hɑ?f]、[hev?]
今日目标
后元音
[?:]
[?]
[u:]
[u]
辅音
[t?]
[d?]
[tr]
[dr]
[ts]
[dz]
元音/?:
/
舌头置于口腔底部,口腔完全张开,但是不成圆形。然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩.双唇也收的更圆更小
发音组合:a????oo????aw????ou?????ore????au????or????ar
元音/?/-/?/
舌头置于口腔底部,口腔完全张开,但是不成圆形。然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩。
国际音标表
/?:/
/?/
small
tall
talk
walk
on
hot
lot
fox
short
more
forty
sport
box
dog
rock
autumn
caught
taught
bought
want
wash
watch
door
floor
four
water
draw
strawberry
saw
国际音标表
元音/u:/
长元音,嘴形小而圆,微微外突,舌头尽量后缩。
舌后部向上抬起,嘴巴要收的又小又圆,并且向外突出。
与汉语中的“呜”音很像。
发音组合:oo????o????ou????u
国际音标表
单元音/?/-/u/
短元音。嘴唇张开略向前突出,嘴形稍收圆并放松些。
注意嘴巴的形状,嘴巴张开略向前突出,舌头后部略向上抬起,发短促音即可。
发音组合:oo??u??ou
国际音标表
/u:/
/
?
/
food
room
tooth
put
push
woman
who
do
two
look
good
foot
book
true
blue
full
ruler
should
could
fruit
juice
国际音标表
双辅音
[t∫]
[dз]
[tr]
[dr]
[ts]
[dz]
[?:]
[?]
[u:]
[u]
[?:]
[?]
[u:]
[u]
[?:]
[?]
[u:]
[u]
[?:]
[?]
[u:]
[u]
国际音标表
1.
/t?/
ch
/t?es/
/t?e?/
/d?/
g
/e?d?/
/m?d??k/
j
/d??m/
/d?i:p/
2.
/tr/
tr
/tri:/
/tra?/
/dr/
dr
/dra?v/
/dr??k/
3.
/ts/
ts
/b??ts/
/'stj?dnts/
/dz/
ds
/bedz/
/'h?ndz/
看音标拼读
朗读绕口令
How
many
cookies
could
a
good
cook
cook
if
a
good
cook
could
cook
cookies?
A
good
cook
could
cook
as
much
cookies
as
a
good
cook
who
could
cook
cookies.
总结
后元音
[?:]
[?]
[u:]
[u]
辅音
[t?]
[d?]
[tr]
[dr]
[ts]
[dz]
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[
i:]
[i]
[e]
[?]
[a:]
[?:]
[?]
[u:]
[u]
Λ
[
]
[?:]
[?]
点读单元音
vowels
(12个)
教学目标
1.要求学生熟练掌握双元音[ei]
[ai]
[??]
[??]
[a?]
[??]
[e?]
[??]
和辅音[m]
[n]
[?]
[l]
[r]
[w]
[j]。
2.要求学生根据音标熟练地拼写出单词。
教学重难点
掌握双元音[ei]
[ai]
[??]
[??]
[a?]
[??]
[e?]
[??]
和辅音[m]
[n]
[?]
[l]
[r]
[w]
[j]的正确发音、口形变化及读音规则。
单元音
长元音
/a:/
/?:/
/?:/
/i:/
/u:/
短元音
/?/
/?/
/?/
/i/
/u/
/e/
/?/
双元音
/e?/
/a?/
/??/
/a?/
/??/
/e?/
/??/
/??/
元音(20个)(韵母)
清辅音
/p/
/?t/
/?k/
/f/
/θ/
/s/
浊辅音
/b/
/d/
/g/
/v/
/?/
/z/
清辅音
/?/
/t?/
/tr/
/ts/
/?h/
浊辅音
/?/
/d?/
/dr/?
/dz/
/r/
鼻音
/m/
/n/?
/?/?
半元音
/w/
/j/
边音
/l/
辅音(28个)
(声母)
今日目标
双元音
[ei]
[ai]
[??]
[??]
[a?]
[??]
[e?]
[??]
辅音
[m]
[n]
[?]
[l]
[r]
[w]
[j]
双元音
双元音,是由两个元音组成,发音时由一个元音向另一个元音滑动,口型有变化。前一个元音发音清晰响亮,且时间长;后一个元音发音模糊软弱,且时间短。如[ei]:先发[e]音,然后滑向[i]音,双唇稍扁,口形从半开到合。
注意:(1)不要将前后两个音断开,应连贯成为一个整体;(2)不要因为后一个元音发音短小而将其忽略;(3)发音时滑动过程要完整,时间要充分。
/e?/
name
cake
late
plane
April
wake
play
say
may
way
great
break
rain
paint
plain
they
grey
/a?/
bike
fine
find
nine
light
night
drive
cry
fly
my
try
buy
guy
eye
/a?/
/??/
boy
toy
oil
soil
coin
voice
point
choice
国际音标表
/??/
beer
deer
ear
near
idea
really
hero
/e?/
bear
wear
pear
care
dare
air
chair
fair
hair
there
where
/??/
poor
tour
sure
assure
国际音标表
/a?/
mouth
south
house
out
sound
loud
cow
now
flower
/??/
home
cold
go
no
over
know
low
blow
grow
show
boat
coat
goal
国际音标表
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[i?]
[??]
[u?]
[ei
]
[ai]
[?u]
[au]
[?i]
[i:]
[i]
[e]
[?]
[a:]
[
]
[?:]
[?]
[?:]
[?]
[u:]
[u]
Λ
点读元音
vowels
(20个)
鼻音
[m]
闭嘴
[n]
微张嘴,紧闭牙齿
[?]
张嘴
国际音标表
鼻音
/m/
m
/m?θ/
/ma?θ/
/n/
n
/n??/
/n?mb?/
/?/
?
ng
/m?:n??/
/l??/
n
/??k/
/b??k/
[h]
[r]
[h?:s]
[r?t]
[help]
[rIsk]
[hЗ:]
[red]
[h?v]
[ri:zn]
[hα:d]
[ru:m]
[heIt]
[grα:s]
国际音标表
半元音
/
w
/
w
/'w?nd??/
/'w?nt?/
/w?n/
wh
/w?t/
/wen/
/
j
/
y
/j??/
/'jel??/
舌侧音
l
/t?:l/
/
p?li:s/
/gЗ:l/
/sel/
/l?sn/
/f?:l/
/bl?d/
/wЗ:ld/
/l?v/
/?:l/
国际音标表
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[
p]
[
b
]
[
t
]
[d
]
[
k
]
[
g
]
[
f
]
[v]
[s][z]
[
h]
[w]
[
j
]
[
]
[
]
[t
]
[d
]
?
?
?
?
[
tr
][dr]
[ts][dz]
[m]
[n]
[?]
[
l
]
[
r
]
[
]
[
]
?
θ
单元音
长元音
/a:/
/?:/
/?:/
/i:/
/u:/
短元音
/?/
/?/
/?/
/i/
/u/
/e/
/?/
双元音
/e?/
/a?/
/??/
/a?/
/??/
/e?/
/??/
/??/
元音(20个)(韵母)
清辅音
/p/
/?t/
/?k/
/f/
/θ/
/s/
浊辅音
/b/
/d/
/g/
/v/
/?/
/z/
清辅音
/?/
/t?/
/tr/
/ts/
/?h/
浊辅音
/?/
/d?/
/dr/?
/dz/
/r/
鼻音
/m/
/n/?
/?/?
半元音
/w/
/j/
边音
/l/
辅音(28个)
(声母)
国际音标表
1.
音节划分
2.
重读
3.
浊化
4.
连读
5.
不完全爆破和失去爆破
['t??l?nd???]
[s?t?s'f?k?n]
['gr?d??e?t]
[,en?'d?et?k]
speak
spoon
stand
start
sky
skirt
street
stream
not
at
all
it
is....
Would/Could/Can't
you...?
May
I
have
a
look
at
it?
act
picture
good
morning
It's
a
very
cold
day,
but
it's
a
good
day.
(作业)一、写出划线部分的音标
window
/
/
house
/
/
coat/
/
sheep/
/
head
/
/
today/
/
farm/
/
half/
/
nurse/
/
this/
/
book/
/
great/
/
morning/
/
chair/
/
watch/
/
photo/
/
二、写出与划线部分发音一致的字母,组成单词
1.
draw
w
l
w
ter
2.
coat
p
st
kn
sh
lder
3.
here
z
ro
r
lly
4.
speak
ome
stoma
clo
5.
telephone
cou
ollow
6.
thirty
h
w
d
l
n