Unit 1 Could you please clean your room? Section A 知识点讲解+阶段检测

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
鲁教版八年级上册知识点讲解及阶段检测
Unit
1
Could
you
please
clean
your
room?
Section
A
1.
—
Could
you
please
take
out
the
rubbish?
你能把垃圾拿出去吗？
—
Sure.
Mom.
当然可以，妈妈。
(1)请求某人做某事
请求：Could/Would/Can
you
please
open
the
window?
What/How
about
opening
the
window?
Would
you
like
to
open
the
window?
Do/Would
you
mind
opening
the
window?
Why
not
open
the
window?
Why
don’t
you
open
the
window?
We’d
better
open
the
window.
Let’s
open
the
window.
回答：
Sure./Of?course.
/No
problem.
/?I'd
love
to.
Sorry./?I'd
love
to,
but
I
have
to
/must/should?...
(2)take
out
拿出去，带出去
动词和副词构成的短语，如果是代词作宾语，只能放在短语的中间；如果是名词作宾语，则放在短语后面或中间都可以。
take
the
rubbish
out
=
take
out
the
rubbish
倒垃圾
take
it
out
把它拿出去
look
up
the
word
in
the
dictionary
=
look
the
word
up
in
the
dictionary
look
it
up
in
the
dictionary
(3)sure
adv.
当然可以，相当于of
course。
adj.
确信的；可靠的；必定的
—Are
you
hot?
你热不？
—Sure
thing.
当然了。
be
sure
of/about
对……很确信
be
sure
that
对……很确信
You’re
sure
of
making
lots
of
friends.
=You’re
sure
that
you’ll
make
lots
of
friends.
你肯定会交到很多朋友。
I’m
not
sure.
我不太肯定。
2.—Could
you
please
sweep
the
floor?
你能扫扫地吗？
—Yes,
sure.
Can
you
do
the
dishes?
当然可以，你能洗洗碟子吗？
(1)sweep
(swept,
swept)
v.
扫，打扫
sweep
the
floor
扫地
注意：以-eep结尾的动词，其过去式、过去分词多数为把-eep改为ept。如：sleep-slept-slept
(2)?do
the
dishes??洗餐具
?do
chores?????做家务
do
the
laundry????洗衣服
?
make
your
bed????整理床铺
?make
breakfast?????做早饭
英语中make和do（此处do为实意动词）都有“制作，做”的意思，但习惯上它们与不同的词语搭配，并根据汉语翻译成各自的意思，学习中要注意记忆，类似的短语还有：
do
Chinese
kung
fu???练中国功夫
do
one’s
homework???做作业
do
some
housework??干家务
do
some
reading??????看书
make
a
mistake???????犯错
make
a
mess搞乱，弄乱
make
cakes??????做蛋糕
make
tea/coffee
煮咖啡/泡茶
make
wishes
许愿
3.
get
a
ride????搭车
(1)
ride?
n.
乘车，乘坐
Don’t
worry
about
getting
a
ride
to
the
concert.
Your
father
will
pick
you
up.
不用为乘车去音乐会担心，你爸爸会顺便捎着你。
Could
you
give
me
a
ride?
你能让我搭便车吗？
The
bus
ride
usually
takes
25
minutes.
乘坐公共汽车通常花25分钟。
v.
乘，骑：ride
a
bike
骑自行车
Look!
The
boy
is
riding
a
horse.
?看，这个男孩正骑着一匹马。
4.
—Could
I
please
use
your
computer?
我可以使用电脑吗？
—I’m
going
to
work
on
it
now.?我马上要用它。
(1)use
v.
利用，使用
We
can
use
a
knife
to
cut
it
up.
我们可以用把刀子把它切碎。
n.
使用，利用
make
good
use
of
充分利用
in
use在使用中，起作用
use+-ful=useful
adj.
有用的
use+less=useless
adj.
无用的
注意：-ful，-less都是形容词后缀，分别表示“有……的”及“无……的”。
辨析：use,
with?都是“使用，用”的意思。?
use是动词，在句中做谓语。?use?sth.?to?do
sth.
用某物来做某事。
with是介词，不能称充当谓语。
by也可表示方式。
We
can
use
the
pen
to
write
a
letter.
=
We
can
write
a
letter
with
a
pen.
我们可以用钢笔来写信。
?People
can
walk
with
their
feet.
人们可以用脚走路。
He
practiced
English
by
speaking
more.
他通过多讲来练习英语。
(2)be
going
to
do
sth.
①计划、打算做某事
②用于天气或节目时，表示“预告、预报”。
在用no或sorry对Could
you
please
do
sth句型发出的邀请表示拒绝后，可以用have
to
do
sth(不得不干某事)，need
to
do
sth
(需要干某事)或be
going
to
do
sth?进行时的句子来解释拒绝的原因。
5.
—Could
I
at
least
finish
watching
this
show?
我能至少看完这个节目吗？
—No.
I
think
two
hours
of
TV
is
enough
for
you.
不行。两个小时已经足够了。
(1)at
least
至少
at
most
至多，最多
There
are
at
least
twenty
people
at
home.
屋子里至少有20人。
(2)finish
n.
&
v.
结束
finish
(doing)
sth.
完成某事
It
was
an
exciting
finish.
结局很令人兴奋。
(3)show
n.
节目，演出
on
the
show
在展出中
v.
展示……给……看
show
me
the
book
=show
the
book
to
me
给我看看那本书
(4)
two
hours
of
TV当作整体看待，作主语时当单数对待。
表示时间、价格、重量、数目、长度、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。
Two
months
is
a
long
holiday.????两个月是一个长假。
Twenty
pounds
isn’t
so
heavy.????2
0英镑并不太重。
Ten
miles
isn’t
a
long
distance.???1
0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five
minus
four
is
one.??????????5减4等于1。
(5)
enough
adj.
&adv.
充分地/的；足够
enough
修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在被修饰词的后面；而修饰名词时，放在被修饰词的前后都可。
He
runs
fast
enough.
他跑得足够快。
The
box
is
strong
enough
to
hold
the
chickens.
这个盒子足够结实，足以用来放小鸡。
6.
But
the
house
is
already
pretty
clean
and
tidy.
但是房子已经很干净整洁了。
pretty
adj.
漂亮的；标致的；比较级及最高级为prettier及prettiest。
adv.
相当地；非常
The
young
girl
is
so
pretty.
这个年轻女孩真漂亮。
Your
bedroom
is
pretty
big.
你的卧室真大啊!
7.
I
threw
down
my
bag
and
went
to
the
living
room.
我扔下书包到了客厅。
throw
(threw,
thrown)
vt.
扔，掷
throw
away
扔掉
throw
sb.
sth.
=throw
sth.
to
sb.
扔给某人某事
Don’t
throw
the
rubbish
anywhere.
不要随地扔垃圾。
I
don’t
need
that
cup.
You
can
throw
it
away.
我不需要那个杯子了，你可以把它扔掉了。
注意：以-ow结尾的动词，其过去式及过去分词为-ew及own。
如：know-knew-known
blow-blew-blown
grow-grew-grown
特例：show-showed-shown
8.
The
minute
I
sat
down
in
front
of
the
TV,
my
mom
came
over.
我一在电视前坐下，妈妈就过来了。
(1)
本句是一个由名词短语the
minute引导的时间状语从句，相当于when或者as
soon
as（一……就……）。有这类的用法的还有the
moment,
the
hour,
every
time等。这类词引导时间状语从句时，如果主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来，注意“主将从现”。
The
minute/As
soon
as
I
got
the
news,
I
told
you.
我一得到消息，就告诉了你。
?
Every
time
I
see
him,
he’ll
give
me
a
big
hug.
每次我看见他，他都会给我一个大大的拥抱。
As
soon
as
he
gets
to
the
place,
we’ll
know
at
once.
他一到达这个地方，我们就会立即知道。
(2)in
front
of在……前面（外部的前面）；
in
the
front
of
...
在……（内部的）前面
The
bus
driver
sits
in
the
front
of
the
bus.
There
is
a
dog
in
front
of
the
bus.
司机坐在公交车前面；而车前有一条狗。
(3)come
over
=
come
along=
come
up
过来
9.
For
one
week,
she
did
not
do
any
housework
and
neither
did
I.
一周了，她没有做任何家务，我也没有。
(1)neither
pron.
两者都不。作主语时谓语动词经常用单数；
Neither
of
us
did
any
housework
for
a
week.
我们两个人一周内谁也没有做家务。
neither
...
nor...
(既不……也不……)连接两个主语时，谓语动词的选择需遵从就近原则。
Neither
my
parents
nor
I
am
going
to
move.
=Neither
I
nor
my
parents
are
going
to
move.
我和父母都不打算搬家。
(2)表示“一个事情不怎么样，另一个事情也是同样如此”的句型,
neither/nor
+助动词/情态动词/be动词+另一主语。
He
doesn’t
like
dancing,
neither/nor
do
I.
他不喜欢跳舞，我也不喜欢。
He
can’t
swim,
neither/nor
can
I.
他不会游泳，我也不会。
He
isn’t
good
at
English,
neither/nor
am
I.
他英语不好，我也英语不好。
注意：表达“一个事情怎么样，另一个事情也是同样如此”用“so
+助动词/情态动词/be动词+另一主语”。
He
likes
dancing,
so
do
I.
他喜欢跳舞，我也是。
He
can
swim,
so
can
I.
他会游泳，我也会。
He
is
good
at
English,
so
am
I.
他擅长英语，我也是。
10.
“What
happened?”
she
asked
in
surprise.
“发生了什么事？”我诧异地问道。
(1)happen
vi.
发生；
通常指意外或偶然发生。
What
happened
to
him?
他发生了什么事？
注意：take
place也可表示“发生”，但表示有计划有准备，如生日聚会、典礼等。
When
will
the
anniversary
take
place?
典礼什么时候举行？
(2)
surprise
n.
&
v.
吃惊；诧异
in
surprise
惊奇地；诧异地
surprising
adj.
令人吃惊的
surprised
adj.
感到吃惊的
11.
Could
I
borrow
that
book?
我能借那本书吗？
Could
you
lend
me
some
money?
你能借我点钱吗？
borrow
(borrowed,
borrowed)
v.
借入，借，常与from连用。
borrow
sth.
from
sb.
=borrow
sb.
sth.
从某人那里借入某物
lend
(lent,
lent)
v.
借出，借给，常与介词to连用。lend
sth.
to
sb.=lend
sb.
sth.
借给某人某物
lend与borrow均为非延续性动词，所以后面不可接段时间。如果说可以“保留”某物多长时间，用keep。
I
borrowed
some
money
from
my
brothers.
我从弟兄们那里借了些钱。
My
brothers
lent
some
money
to
me.
我兄弟们借了些钱给我。
—
Could
I
borrow
that
book?
我能借那本书吗？
—Sure.
当然可以。
—How
long
can
I
keep
it?
我能借多长时间？
—For
two
weeks.
两周。
12.
Could
you
please
pass
me
the
salt?
你能把盐递给我吗？
pass
v.
给，递=hand；走过，通过；度过
n.
通行证
pass
sb.
sth.
=
pass
sth.
to
sb.
把某物传给某人
I
passed
the
newspaper
to
Fred.我把报纸递给了弗雷德。
He
passed
the
bridge
quickly.
他很快过了桥。
Finally,
he
passed
the
exam.
最后，他终于考试过关了。
He
passed
the
time
watching
movies.
他用看电影打发时间。
13.??I
hate
to
do
chores.
我不喜欢做杂务。
????
?I
hate
doing
the
dishes.
?我讨厌洗餐具。
hate?
vt.
憎恨、憎恶
?hate
sth.
憎恨某物?
?
hate
to
do
sth.?憎恨去做某事
（表示特定的动作）
?hate
doing
sth.?
憎恨做某事
（多表示经常性或习惯性的动作）
He
hates
to
sweep
the
floor
today.
今天他讨厌扫地。
Section
A
要点检测
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.
—Would
you
mind
___________
(turn)
on
the
radio?
I’m
so
boring.
—You’d
better
_____________
(not
do)
it.
Your
father
______________(sleep).
2.
—Could
you
please
_________
(take)
out
the
rubbish?
—Sure.
3.
He
is
sure
of
__________
(win)
first
at
the
game.
He
has
the
ability.
4.
Yesterday
after
I
got
home,
I
_________
(sweep)
the
floor
carefully.
When
Mom
came
back,
she
was
___________
(surprise)
________
(find)
the
room
was
clean
and
tidy.
5.
You
can
practice
English
by
________(speak)
to
native
speakers.
6.
2
million
American
dollars
_________
(be)
not
a
small
amount.
He
gave
it
away
to
a
primary
school.
7.
He
ran
fast
enough
____________
(catch)
his
sister.
And
he
did
it.
8.
Of
the
twins,
Linda
is
the
_____________
(pretty)
one.
9.
After
checking
the
rubbish
carefully,
he
_____________
(throw)
it
away.
10.
Neither
his
friends
or
his
brother
_________
(like)
rock
music.
They
think
it’s
too
noisy.
11.
My
pen
is
broken.
Can
I
borrow
___________(you)?
12.
Please
pass
me
_________
(five)
book
on
the
right.
13.
Do
you
have
any
trouble
_________
(pass)
the
test?
14.
He
hates
______________
(clean)
the
bathroom,
but
he
has
to.
15.
I
cut
my
finger
and
I’m
trying
________________
(not
get)
it
wet.
二、英汉互译
1.
洗餐具
___________________________
2.???做家务
__________________
3.??整理床铺
_________________________
4.
弄乱屋子
_________________
5.??搭车
_________________________
6.
至少
______________________
7.
to
one’s
surprise
_____________________
8.
fold
the
clothes
__________________
9.
share
a
room
with
her
____________________
10.
go
to
the
movies
__________________________
11.
hang
out
with
friends
____________________
12.
take
out
the
rubbish
_______________________
三、选择填空
1.
—_____________
is
it
from
Ji’nan
to
Beijing?
—It’s
4
hours’
drive.
A.
How
long
B.
How
far
C.
How
soon
D.
How
much
2.
We
always?????????
our
classroom
every
Friday
afternoon.
???A.
clean
up????
B.
put
up????
C.
use
up
B.
cut
up
3.
In
the
near
future,
there
__________
self-driving
cars
in
our
city.
A.
is??
B.
was??
C.
are??
D.
will
be
4.
To
keep
our
city
beautiful,
the?______?are
always
very
busy
in
the
streets.?We
shouldn’t
throw
rubbish
everywhere.
A.
policemen??
B.
cleaners??
C.
drivers
D.
volunteers
5.
—Did
you
catch
the
early
bus
this
morning?
—Yes.
The
bus
started
to
move______
I
got
on
it.
A.
as
soon
as???
B.
as
if??
C.
though???
D.
before
6.
—Roy
never
likes
junk
food.
—________.
That's
probably
why
I'm
feeling
better
and
better
now.
??A.
Neither
do
I
?
B.
Neither
I
do
??C.
So
do
I
?
D.
So
I
do
7.
—________________?
—Someone
got
killed
in
the
accident
before
us.
A.
What’s
the
matter
with
you
B.
What
happened?
C.
Could
you
give
me
a
hand?
D.
What’s
your
problem?
8.
—Can
I
__________
your
bike,
Sarah?
—Sure,
but
you
have
to
give
it
back
before
5
o’clock.
??
A.
borrow
??
B.
lend
??
C.
keep
??
D.
waste
9.
—_________?hard-working
boy
Zhou
Bin
is!—Yes.
I’
m
sure
he’ll
pass
the
test.
A.
How???
?B.
What????
C.
What
a
D.
How
a
10.
—What’s
he
like,
Lucy?
—He’s
??????????fat
?????????thin.
He
is
handsome.
A.
neither;
nor??
B.
not
only;
but
also
C.
either;
or?
??
D.
both;
and
11.
At
the
moment,
she
is
reading
________
her
mother
is
watching
TV.
A.
before
B.
when
C.
as
D.
while
12.
And
if
you
need
any
help,
please
call
me
_________
5558110.
???
A.
by????
B.
on????
C.
with????
D.
at
四、把下列句子改为同义句
1.
As
soon
as
he
came
back,
he
turned
on
TV.
_____________________________________,
he
turned
on
TV.
2.
I
was
so
tired
that
I
couldn’t
go
further.
I
was
____________________________________
further.
3.
Can
you
take
the
dog
for
a
walk,
Lucy?
Can
you
________________________________,
Lucy?
4.
I
think
two
hours
of
TV
is
enough.
I
think
______________________________________
is
enough.
5.
Could
you
please
pass
me
the
salt?
Could
you
please
______________________________________?
6.
I
borrowed
some
money
from
John.
John
_________________________________________________
.
Keys:
一、1.
turning;
not
do;
is
sleeping
2.
take
3.
winning
4.
swept;
surprised;
to
find
5.
speaking
6.
was
7.
to
catch
8.
prettier
9.
Threw
10.
Likes
11.
Yours
12.
The
fifth
13.
Passing
14.
To
clean;
cleaning
15.
Not
to
get
二、1.
do
the
dishes;
2.
do
the
chores/the
housework
3.
Make
the
bed
4.
Make
the
room
messy/
make
the
room
in
a
mess
5.
Get
a
ride
6.
At
least
7.
令人吃惊的是
8.
叠衣服
9.
与她公用一个房间
10.
去看电影
11.
与朋友闲逛
12.
扔垃圾
三、1-5
BAABA
6-10
ABACA
11-12
DD
四、1.
the
minute
he
came
back
2.
too
tired
to
go
3.
walk
the
dog
4.
two
hours’
TV
time
5.
pass
the
salt
to
me
6.
lent
some
money
to
me
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