Unit 1 Could you please clean your room? Section B 知识点讲解+阶段检测

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
鲁教版八年级上册知识点讲解及阶段检测
Unit
1
Could
you
please
clean
your
room?
Section
B
1.
Could
I
invite
my
friends
to
a
party?
我能邀请朋友们来参加聚会吗？
invite
vt.
邀请
invitation
n.
邀请；邀请信
invite
sb.
to
do
sth.
邀请某人做某事
He
wants
to
invite
his
family
to
go
on
a
holiday.
他想邀请家人去度假。
accept
the
invitation接受邀请；
refuse/turn
down
the
invitation拒绝邀请
2.
Housework
is
a
waste
of
their
time.
做家务活就是浪费他们的时间。
waste
n.
浪费，垃圾
v.
浪费，滥用
reduce
waste
减少浪费
What
a
waste!
太浪费了！
I
hate
waste.
我痛恨浪费。
it’s
a
waste
of
time/money/energy
doing
sth.
做某事是浪费时间/金钱/精力
It’s
a
waste
of
time
helping
him.
帮他忙真是浪费时间。
3.
They
should
spend
their
time
on
schoolwork
in
order
to
get
good
grades
and
get
into
a
good
university.
为了有好成绩从而进入好大学，他们应该把时间用在学业上。
(1)in
order
to
do
sth.为了做某事。to为动词不定式符号，表示目的，在句子中作目的状语，
可放句首或句中。
in
order
+that从句，
为了……，后接that引导的目的状语从句。
由于目的都是未来要做的事情，所以从句中一般用表示未来可能性的时态，当然还可以用will,?would,?can等。
I
get
up
early
in
order
that
I
can
catch
the
early
bus.
=
I
get
up
early
in
order
to
catch
the
early
bus.
为了能赶上早班车，我很早就起床了。
He
works
hard
in
order
that
he
can
get
higher
pay.
=He
works
hard
in
order
to
obtain
higher
pay.
为了得到高工资，他很努力地工作。
He
studies
English
very
hard
in
order
that
he
will
go
abroad
one
day.
为了将来有一天能够出国，他很努力地学习英语。
(2)spend
(spent,
spent)
vt.
花费
spend
的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
spend
time/money
on
sth.
在……上花费时间（金钱）
I
spent
two
hours
on
this
maths
problem.
这道数学题花了我两个小时。
spend
time
/
money
(in)
doing
sth.
花费时间（金钱）做某事
They
spent
two
years
(in)
building
this
bridge.
造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
spend
time
with
sb.
与某人共度时光：He
spent
the
weekend
with
his
family.
他周末与家人一起过。
4.
Also,
when
they
get
older,
they
will
have
to
do
housework
so
there
is
no
need
for
them
to
do
it
now.
而且，他们长大后，会做家务活的，所以没有必要现在让他们做家务。
?(1)get在此为系动词，表示“变得”。后面跟形容词older作表语。
常见的表示“变得，变成”的系动词有：get,
become,
grow,
turn,
go,
come
Are
you
getting
better?
你好些了吗？
Finally,
he
became
a
lawyer.
最后，他变成了一名律师。
grow
old变老，
turn
green变绿了
turn
red
(因发怒、生气等）脸变红了
go
bad/ill
变坏了
come
true
变成事实
come
right
走上正轨
(2)
there
is
no
need
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
某人没有做某事的必要
She
is
only
a
child,
so
there
is
no
need
to
give
her
so
much
stress.
她只是个孩子，因此没有必要给她这么大压力。
There
is
no
need
for
you
to
finish
all
the
homework
today.
=
You
don’t
have
to
finish
all
the
homework
today.
=
You
needn’t
finish
all
the
homework
today.
5.
It
is
the
parents’
job
to
provide
a
clean
and
comfortable
environment
at
home
for
their
children.
给孩子提供干净舒适的家庭环境是父母的工作。
(1)provide
vt.
提供，供应。
这个词来源于拉丁语，原意是“预见”。因此它在英语中是提供一些可以预见到接受人一定会需要的物品。
比如，向某人提供生活必需品；向军队提供给养。当使用provide时，潜台词是“我就知道你会需要这个”。
provide
for为一些可预见，将会发生的事情做准备：provide
for
the
war
最好战争的准备。
provide
sb.
with
sth.=provide
sth.
for
sb.
为某人提供某物
They?provided?us?with?maps.
=They
provided
maps
to
us.
他们为我们提供了地图。
(2)offer
vt.
主动提出，自愿给予。强调动机上的主动性。
offer
sth:
John
offered
some
useful
advice.
约翰提出了一些有用的建议。
offer
to
do:
He
offered
to
help.
他主动提出帮忙。
offer
sth.
to
sb./sth.=offer
sb.
sth.:
John
offered
me
100
yuan
to
do
that.
约翰付给我一百块去干那件事。
offer
for
sth.
出价买某物，为某物报价：He
offered
$1,000
for
the
car.
他出一千美元买那辆车。
6.
I
do
not
mind
doing
them.
我不介意做家务。
(1)
mind作名词，意为"脑子；想法；记性"。
change
one's
mind
改变主意;
keep...in
mind记住;
An
idea
has
just
come
into
my
mind.
我刚才想到一个主意。
(2)
mind作动词
(?http:?/??/?www.so.com?/?s?q=%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn"
\t
"https:?/??/?wenda.so.com?/?q?/?_blank?)
①意为"当心;注意"，后跟名词或从句
(?http:?/??/?www.so.com?/?s?q=%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn"
\t
"https:?/??/?wenda.so.com?/?q?/?_blank?)，也可单独使用。
never
mind不要紧
Mind
the
step!
小心台阶!
Now
mind!
You
must
hurry
home.
注意啦!你必须赶快回家。
②作及物动词，意为"介意，在乎"，主要用于疑问句
(?http:?/??/?www.so.com?/?s?q=%E7%96%91%E9%97%AE%E5%8F%A5&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn"
\t
"https:?/??/?wenda.so.com?/?q?/?_blank?)和否定句
(?http:?/??/?www.so.com?/?s?q=%E5%90%A6%E5%AE%9A%E5%8F%A5&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn"
\t
"https:?/??/?wenda.so.com?/?q?/?_blank?)。后面通常接名词、代词、V-ing形式、复合结构、从句等。
Would
you
mind
(my)
closing
the
window?
你介意我关上窗户吗?
Would
you
mind
some
hot
tea?
来点热茶好吗？
③作不及物动词
(?http:?/??/?www.so.com?/?s?q=%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%8A%E7%89%A9%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn"
\t
"https:?/??/?wenda.so.com?/?q?/?_blank?)。
Do
you
mind
if
I
call
you
later?
我晚一点儿打电话
(?http:?/??/?www.so.com?/?s?q=%E6%89%93%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D&ie=utf-8&src=internal_wenda_recommend_textn"
\t
"https:?/??/?wenda.so.com?/?q?/?_blank?)给你好吗?
注意：Would
you
mind
doing
sth.?
这一句型通常用来表示请他人做某事，常译为“可否请你做”或“劳驾你做”，
多用Would开头，用Do的情况较少。
Would
you
mind
making
some
room
for
the
patient?
请你给这位病人让点儿地方出来行吗?
如果“同意;不反对”别人做某事，答语多用Not
at
all,
of
course
not,
go
ahead等。
如果"不同意;反对"别人做某事，一般多用I
am
sorry...或I'm
afraid...等以缓和语气。
—Do
you
mind
if
I
smoke?
我抽烟你介意吗？
—Not
at
all,
please.
不介意。
—Would
you
mind
me
opening
that
door?
我把那扇门打开你介意吗？
—I’m
sorry,
but
it's
not
allowed.
不好意思，这是不行的。
7.
Children
these
days
depend
on
their
parents
too
much.
现在的孩子太依赖父母了。
(1)depend
vi.
依靠，依赖
depend
on/upon依靠，依赖，后面接依赖的对象，名词、代词或V-ing形式。
She
depended
entirely
on
her
father.
她完全靠她父亲。
His
success
mostly
depends
on
himself.
他的成功主要靠他自己。
Whether
the
game
will
be
played
depends
on
the
weather.
比赛是否举行要视天气而定。
It
depends.
看情况而定。
(2)
depend
—dependent
adj.
不独立的，依赖的
→
in(否)+dependent→independent
adj.
独立的，自主的→
independence
n.
独立
8.
He
had
no
idea
how
to
take
care
of
himself.
他不知道怎么照顾他自己。
(1)take
care
of
=look
after?照看照顾
Can
you
take
care
of
my
clothes?
你能照看一下我的衣服吗？
take
care
小心，留心，保重
（常用语叮嘱别人）
(2)how
to
do
sth.
如何做某事
“疑问词+to
do”可以作宾语，也可以用一个句子来表达。
He
had
no
idea
how
to
take
care
of
himself.
=He
had
no
idea
how
he
could
take
care
of
himself.
9.
As
a
result,
he
often
fell
ill
and
his
grades
dropped.
结果，他经常生病，成绩也下降了。
(1)
as
a
result结果，结果是，通常放在句子开头，后面用逗号。如果要表示“作为……的结果”，用as
a
result
of。两者都强调结果。because和because
of则强调原因。
As?a
result?of??the
earthquake,
Jack
can't
come
here
today.
=Because
of
the
earthquake,
Jack
can’t
come
here
today.
因为地震，杰克今天不能来这里。
(2)
fall(fell,
fallen)
在此为系动词，表示“感染上，变得”，表示从无到有的变化过程。
fall
ill
生病
fall
asleep
睡着了
(3)
ill
(worse,
worst)
adj.
生病的，不舒服的，只能放系动词后作表语。
?illness??n.
病；疾病
?
be?ill?in?hospital?生病住院
be
absent
from
school
because
of
illness
因病缺课
?sick??adj.
生病的，既可放系动词后作表语，也可放在名词前作定语。
a
sick?person?=a?patient
病人
?feel
sick感觉不舒服
(4)drop
vt.,
vi.
落下，掉下，表示一种突然的、迅速的下降，通常含有一种意外的意味。
The
bottle
dropped
and
broke.
瓶子掉下来碎了。
Don’t
drop
that
bottle,
or
it’ll
break.
别把瓶子弄掉了，不然会摔破的。
fall
表示“落下，跌落，降落”等时，通常指在重力的作用下落下，或者失去平衡而跌落。fall由此引申的意思，比如垮台，失去地位等。而且此时fall一般只作为不及物动词使用。
The
leaves
fall
in
the
autumn.
秋天树叶落了。
The
cup
fell
off
the
table
onto
the
floor.
杯子从桌子上掉到地上了。
10.
I
think
it
is
fair/unfair
for
children
to
do
sth.
我想对孩子来说做某事是公平的/不公平的。
fair
adj.
合理的，公正的
fairness
n.
公正，公平
unfair
adj.
不合理的，不公正的
fair
play公平比赛，公平竞争
It
should
be
fair
for
everyone
to
get
a
good
education.
得到良好的教育对每个人应该是公平的。
　Sometimes,
I
don't
think
parents
are
fair
to
their
kids.
有时候，我认为父母对孩子不公平。
11.
I
had
trouble
thinking
clearly
after
that
because
I
was
very
afraid.
因为害怕，那事之后我都无法冷静思考了。
have
trouble/difficulty/problems
doing
sth.
做某事有麻烦/困难
have
fun
doing
sth.
做某事有乐趣
get
into
trouble
陷入麻烦
in
trouble
有麻烦
ask
for
trouble
自寻烦恼
What’s
the
trouble/
your
trouble?
你怎么了？
Section
B
要点检测
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.
He
was
sick,
so
he
turned
down
Julie’s
______________(invite).
2.
It’s
a
waste
of
time
__________
(help)
him
with
his
math.
3.
The
_________
(early)
kids
learn
to
be
independent,
the
better
it
is
for
their
future.
4.
There
is
no
need
for
you
_________
(do)
all
the
chores
today.
5.
It
is
your
both
________
(parent)
job
to
provide
you
a
comfortable
room.
6.
—What
about
swimming
together
tomorrow
morning?
—That
__________(depend)
on
Lucy.
7.
Did
you
have
fun
________
(work)
out
the
puzzle?
8.
Because
of
no
medicine,
the
next
day,
he
got
___________
(ill)
and
had
a
high
fever.
9.
He
is
one
of
my
____________(neighbor).
He
lives
next
to
me.
10.
It’s
important
for
each
kid
_________(develop)
good
habits.
11.
The
plants
grow
______
(slow).
It
takes
them
hundreds
of
years
to
grow
into
a
big
tree.
12.
Nowadays,
many
parents
make
their
kids’
life
___________
(stress).
13.
___________
(help)
Mom
with
the
housework
is
important.
14.
How
much
time
do
you
spend
____________
(practice)
drawing?
15.
It’s
not
enough
__________
(get)
good
grades
in
school.
二、选择填空
1.
—
Do
you
know
how
to
write
___________
word?
“neighbour”?in
English?
—Yes.
It
begins
with
_____________
“n”.
A.
the;
a?
?
B.
the;
an?
?
?C.
a;
an?
??
D.
the;
the
2.
—We
have
a
football
match
next
week,
but
we
need
one
more
player.
???—Why
don’t
you
________?
Tim
to
join
the
game?
He
is
wonderful.
???A.
invite???
?B.
teach????
C.
depend
D.
provide
3.
How
long
will
it
______
you
to
fly
to
Beijing
from
your
hometown?
??
A.
spend????
B.
take????
C.
pay????
D.
use
4.
Bill,
stop
watching
TV,???????????your
eyes
will
hurt.
A.
but??
B.
after??
C.
or??
D.
and
5.
In
less
than
30
years,
the
small
village
___________?
an
international
city
Shenzhen.
A.
developed
into
B.
depended
on
C.
put
into
D.
got
into
6.
—Look!
I
got
the
_________
from
Huawei.
—
Congratulations!
Good
for
you!
A.
offer?
?B.?
chance
?
C.
stress
?
?
D.
7.
He’s
helped
me
a
lot
_________
he
came
to
the
school.
A.
before
B.
since
C.
when
D.
as
8.
—
Does
the
old
man
have
to???_____??????his
wife?
?
?—
Yes.
They
have
no
children
to
depend
on.
?
?A.
take
care
of
????????
B.
take
after
?C.
take
out
????????????D.
take
down
9.
Remember
this—_____________
you
are,
___________
mistakes
you’ll
make.
?A.
the
more
careful;
the
fewer
?
B.
more
careful;
the
less
?
C.
the
most
careful;
the
fewest
D.
the
more
careful;
the
least
10.
Bill
Gates
________
out
of
college
and
set
up
Microsoft
in
a
garage.
A.
fell
????
??B.
dropped
?????
?C.
rested
D.
stopped
三、翻译下面句子
1.
为了能看上日出，我们明早不得不早起。
(in
order
to)
______________________________________________________________________________
2.
你没有必要在这里一直等着他。
______________________________________________________________________________
3.
他提供给我们足够的食物和水。
______________________________________________________________________________
4.
他主动给我一张演唱会的门票。
______________________________________________________________________________
5.
我能借用你的电脑吗？
______________________________________________________________________________
6.
因为大雪，他几天没去上学。
______________________________________________________________________________
7.
我认为这对他自己的孩子不公平。
______________________________________________________________________________
8.
这个演出真是浪费钱和时间。
______________________________________________________________________________
Keys:
一、1.
invitation
2.
helping
3.
earlier
4.
to
do
5.
parents’
6.
depends
7.
working
8.
worse
9.
neighbors
10.
to
develop
11.
slowly
12.
stressful
13.
Helping
14.
practicing
15.
to
get
二、1-5
BABCA
6-10
ABAAB
三、1.
In
order
to
watch
the
sunrise,
we
have
to
get
up
early
tomorrow
morning.
2.
There
is
no
need
for
you
to
wait
for
him
here.
3.
He
provided
us
with
enough
food
and
water.
/
He
provided
enough
food
and
water
for/
to
us.
4.
He
offered
me
a
ticket
to
the
concert.
5.
Could
I
use/borrow
your
computer?/
Would
you
mind
me
using
your
computer?
6.
Because
of
the
heavy
snow/
As
a
result
of
the
heavy
snow,
he
didn’t
go
to
school
for
days.
7.
I
don’t
think
it
is
fair
for
his
own
kids.
/
I
think
it’s
unfair
for
his
own
kids.
8.
The
show
was
a
waste
of
time
and
money.
/
The
show
was
a
bad
use
of
money.
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