描述类说明文
描述类说明文一般是用简明的语言对某个事物、某项活动、某个产品或者某种风俗习惯进行描写，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。
[基本框架]
描述类说明文的结构安排：
1．简要说明所要描述的事物。
2．从不同的方面详细说明，并表达自己的看法或观点。
3．总结概括。
写作时应注意以下三个方面：
1．此类书面表达通常为话题作文或看图作文，所以应仔细研读提示信息或图画，明确应围绕什么问题或现象展开评论。
2．围绕主题进行拓展。根据要求和提示信息合理安排篇章中各部分内容的比例，做到详略得当、条理清楚、文字简练。
3．时态：多采用一般现在时，但如果提示中给出了具体时间，可对时态进行相应的调整。
[常用词块]
1．keep
us
healthy使我们健康
2．have
healthy
eating
habits有健康的饮食习惯
3．in
different
ways以不同的方式
4．be
very
important
for对……非常重要
5．stay
far
from远离
6．a
growing
focus
on
health
care越来越注重养生
7．be
of
great
help
to对……帮助很大
8．change
some
of
our
eating
habits改变一些我们的饮食习惯
9．for
some
reason由于某个理由；由于某种原因
10．realize
the
importance
of意识到……的重要性
[常用语句]
1．Healthy
eating
habits
are
very
important
for
our
health.
健康的饮食习惯对我们的健康很重要。
2．Besides，we
should
focus
on
a
balanced
diet，which
assures
us
the
necessary
nutritions.
此外，我们应该注意饮食平衡，这能保证我们必要的营养。
3．It
is
said
that
most
of
the
students
do
not
eat
anything
at
all
in
the
morning，which
is
very
bad
for
health.
据说大部分的学生早上几乎什么都不吃，这对健康是有害的。
4．As
the
saying
goes，bread
is
the
staff
of
life，eating
healthily
and
deliciously
is
the
goal
we
pursue.
俗话说，民以食为天，吃得美味又健康是我们所追求的目标。
5．From
my
point
of
view，in
order
to
build
healthy
eating
habits，we
should
eat
more
vegetables
and
less
fat
and
sugar.
我认为，为了养成健康的饮食习惯，我们应该多吃蔬菜，少摄入脂肪和糖分。
6．All
in
all，we
should
realize
the
importance
of
healthy
diet.
总之，我们应该意识到健康饮食的重要性。
请用英语写一篇短文，描述自己的饮食习惯，并就“健康饮食”提出自己的看法或建议。
注意：1.字数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[参考范文]
Like
most
people
from
the
North，cooked
wheaten
food
is
always
my
favorite.I
often
have
noodles
for
breakfast，steam
bread
or
pancake
for
lunch
and
supper.I
eat
vegetables
every
day.I
like
seafood
though
it's
a
little
expensive.I
often
go
out
for
good
meals
with
my
families
and
friends，but
we
often
eat
a
lot
of
meat
there.
I
think
we
should
form
healthy
eating
habits.Breakfast
is
very
important
to
our
health.Besides，we'd
better
eat
less
meat
and
more
fresh
vegetables.All
in
all，we
should
realize
the
importance
of
healthy
diet.
3/3Never
eat
more
than
you
can
lift.
能拿多少，就吃多少。
—Miss
Piggy
There
is
no
sincerer
love
than
the
love
of
food.
没有什么爱比对食物的爱更为真诚。
—George
Bernard
Shaw
Tell
me
what
you
eat，and
I
will
tell
you
who
you
are.
告诉我你平时吃什么，我就能说出你是怎么样的一个人。
—Brillat?Savarin
One
cannot
think
well，love
well，sleep
well，if
one
has
not
dined
well.
一个人如果吃不好，就无法好好思考、好好去爱、好好睡觉。
—Virginia
Woolf
Part
of
the
secret
of
success
in
life
is
to
eat
what
you
like
and
let
the
food
fight
it
out
inside.
人生成功的一部分秘诀是，吃下爱吃的东西，然后让食物在肚子里斗争到底。
—Mark
Twain
The
culture
of
food
and
dining
in
the
West
is
a
little
different
from
that
in
China.The
proper
western
dinner
at
a
fine
restaurant
is
one
of
the
manners，focusing
on
conversation.You
are
expected
to
have
knowledge
of
table
manners
such
as
what
fork
or
knife
to
use
as
these
are
essential
in
western
dining.The
meal
would
consist
of
several
courses
including
a
soup
or
salad，an
appetizer，the
main
dish，and
a
dessert.The
atmosphere
will
be
filled
with
light
music
that
would
only
serve
as
background
as
people
converse
with
each
other.The
decorations
are
usually
sparse
and
are
only
meant
to
highlight
the
atmosphere
that
is
being
created
by
the
music.This
type
of
dining
is
different
from
the
dining
experience
in
most
restaurants
in
China.
Sometimes
people
are
curious
to
know
what
type
of
food
is
healthy
and
what
kind
of
food
may
hurt
our
health.
As
a
result
of
years
of
research，we
know
that
too
much
fat
is
bad
for
our
health.For
example，Americans
eat
a
lot
of
meat
and
only
a
small
amount
of
grains，fruits，and
vegetables.Because
of
this，they
often
get
cancer
and
heart
disease.In
Japan，on
the
other
hand，people
eat
large
amounts
of
grains
and
very
little
meat.They
also
have
a
very
low
rate
(比率)
of
cancer
and
heart
disease.In
fact，the
Japanese
live
longer
than
people
in
any
other
country.Unfortunately，when
Japanese
people
move
to
the
United
States，the
rate
of
heart
disease
and
cancer
increases
as
their
diet
changes.What's
more，as
hamburgers
and
other
high?fat
foods
become
common
in
Japan，the
rate
of
heart
disease
and
cancer
is
increasing
there
as
well.People
are
also
eating
more
meat
and
dairy
products
in
other
countries
such
as
Cuba
and
Hungary.It's
no
surprise
that
the
disease
rate
in
these
countries
is
increasing
along
with
the
change
in
diet.
Therefore，doctors
everywhere
advise
people
to
eat
more
grains，fruits，and
vegetables，and
eat
less
meat
and
dairy
products.
[探索发现]
1．Find
out
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
and
then
think
of
a
proper
title
for
it.
The
passage
is
mainly
about
healthy
eating.The
proper
title
for
it
is
“Healthy
eating”．
2．Find
out
the
reason
why
Americans
often
get
cancer
and
heart
disease.
Americans
eat
a
lot
of
meat
and
only
a
small
amount
of
grains，fruits，and
vegetables.
3．What
should
we
eat?
More
grains，fruits，and
vegetables，and
eat
less
meat
and
dairy
products.
2/21．consist
vi.组成；构成→consistent
adj.一致的；连续的
2．elegant
adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的→elegantly
adv.优美地；雅致地；高雅地
3．stuff
vt.填满；把……塞进
n．东西；物品→stuffed
adj.塞满了的；已经喂饱了的
4．except
vt.把……除外；免除
prep.除……外→exception
n．例外→exceptional
adj.特别的；罕见的
5．minimum
adj.最低(限度)的；最小的
n．最小量；最少量→maximum
adj.最大值的；最大量的
n．最大的量、体积、强度等
6．consume
vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗→consumer
n．消费者，用户，消耗者
1．stuff
vt.填满；把……塞进
n．东西；物品
①She
stuffed
her
clothes
into
the
wardrobe.
vt.把……塞进
②We
must
as
well
buy
our
own
stuff.
n.东西；物品
③Every
case
he
had
was
already
stuffed
with
clothes.
vt.填满
2．slice
n．(切下的食物)薄片；部分；份
vt.把……切成薄片
①They
wanted
to
make
sure
they
had
got
a
slice
of
the
profits.
n.部分；份
②She
sliced
the
bread
thin.
vt.把……切成薄片
③The
sausage
is
also
sold
pre?packed
in
slices.
n.(切下的食物)薄片
3．minimum
adj.最低(限度)的；最小的
n．最小量；最少量
①What
is
the
minimum
price?
adj.最低(限度)的
②They
want
to
spend
a
minimum
of
both
time
and
money.
n.最小量；最少量
③This
can
be
done
with
the
minimum
amount
of
effort.
adj.最小的
Words
And
Phrases
prior
adj.先前的；优先的
(教材P26) Prior
to
coming
to
China，my
only
experience
with
Chinese
cooking
was
in
America，with
Chinese
food
that
had
been
changed
to
suit
American
tastes.
在来中国之前，我对中国烹饪的唯一经历是在美国，中国的食物已经被改变以适应美国人的口味。
[例1] I
have
a
prior
engagement
at
five.
我已经先有一个在五点钟的约会。
[例2] She
visited
me
on
the
day
prior
to
her
death.
她去世的前一天还来看我。
[翻译] 你来这里之前做什么事？
What
did
you
do
prior
to
coming
here?
[知识拓展]
prior
to
在……之前的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
will
was
made
two
days
prior
to
his
death.
②The
duty
to
protect
my
sister
is
prior
to
all
others.
保护我的妹妹是我最重要的责任。
consist
vi.组成；构成
(教材P26) For
example，America's
most
popular
Chinese
dish
is
General
Tso's
chicken，which
consists
of
fried
chicken
covered
in
a
sweet
sauce，flavoured
with
hot
red
peppers.
例如，美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左公鸡，这道菜是用甜酱汁包裹的炸鸡，加上红辣椒调味。
[例1] The
spirit
consists
in
whole?hearted
devotion
to
public
interests.
这种精神就是一心为公。
[例2] Health
does
not
consist
with
intemperance.
健康和饮酒无度是不能并存的。
[翻译] 英国是由几个国家组成的？
How
many
countries
does
the
UK
consist
of?
[知识拓展]
consist
of
由……组成
consist
in
＝lie
in
存在于……，在于……
consist
with
与……一致；符合
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①Happiness
consists
in
contentment.
②He
is
a
man
whose
actions
do
not
consist
with
his
promises.
③The
rescue
team
is
composed
of
eight
soldiers
and
two
doctors.＝
The
rescue
team
consists
of
eight
soldiers
and
two
doctors.＝The
rescue
team
is
made
up
of
eight
soldiers
and
two
doctors.
救援队由8个士兵和2个医生组成。
[名师点津]
consist
of没有被动语态，相当于be
made
up
of或be
composed
of，且不用于进行时。
(教材P26) Later，I
learnt
that
the
most
famous
food
in
Shandong
is
pancake
rolls
stuffed
with
sliced
Chinese
green
onions.
后来我才知道，山东最有名的菜是煎饼卷大葱。
(1)stuff
vt.填满；把……塞进
n．东西；物品
[例1] I
stuffed
everything
into
a
suitcase.
我把东西全塞到一个手提箱里去了。
[例2] That's
my
stuff
in
the
drawer.
抽屉里是我的东西。
[翻译] 她装了满满一箱给孩子们的礼物。
She
stuffed
her
suitcase
with
presents
for
the
kids.
[知识拓展]
stuff...into...
把……塞进……
stuff...with...
用……填满……
stuff
up
用……堵上
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He
hastily
stuffed
a
few
clothes
into
a
bag.
②Her
briefcase
was
stuffed
with
papers.
③She
stuffed
her
ears
up
with
cotton
wool.
她用脱脂棉塞住了耳朵。
(2)slice
n．(切下的食物)薄片
vt.把……切成薄片
[例1] I
usually
buy
sliced
bread—it's
less
bother.
我通常都买切片面包——比较省事。
[例2] A
cucumber
was
sliced
into
rounds.
黄瓜被切成了圆片。
[翻译] 盘子里有一片面包。
There
is
a
slice
of
bread
in
the
dish.
[知识拓展]
(1)a
slice
of
一片；一份；一部分
slice...off
切下
slice
up
切成片
(2)cut...into
slices
把……切成片
(3)sliced
adj.
切成片的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Would
you
slice
the
cucumber
up?
②They
spend
a
fair
slice
of
the
budget
on
research
and
development.
③He
cut
the
meat
into
thick
slices.
④I'll
slice
off
a
thick
piece
from
the
loaf
by
myself.
(教材P27) At
a
minimum，the
kinds
of
food
local
people
consume
tell
us
what
they
grow
in
their
region，what
kinds
of
lives
they
lead，and
what
they
like
and
do
not
like.
至少，当地人吃的食物种类告诉我们，他们在他们的地区种植什么，他们过着什么样的生活，他们喜欢什么，不喜欢什么。
(1)minimum
adj.最低(限度)的；最小的
n．最小量；最少量
[例1] Today's
minimum
temperature
is
10℃.
今天的最低气温是10
℃。
[例2] We
zipped
along
at
a
minimum
of
55
mph.
我们以最低每小时55英里速度行驶。
[翻译] 这个游戏至少需要三个人才可以玩。
This
game
requires
a
minimum
of
three
players．
[知识拓展]
a
minimum
of
最少……
above
the
minimum
超过最低限度
at
a/the
minimum
至少
below
the
minimum
低于最低限度
down
to
a
minimum
降到最低点
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
candidates
must
have
a
first
degree
at
a
minimum.
②We
tried
to
keep
costs
down
to
a
minimum.
③Cook
for
a
minimum
of
2
hours，or
until
the
meat
is
tender.
(2)consume
vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗
[例1] Arguing
about
details
consumed
many
hours
of
the
committee's
valuable
time.
争论细节问题耗费了委员会数小时宝贵的时间。
[例2] The
fire
soon
consumed
the
wooden
buildings.
大火很快就把那些木制建筑物烧毁了。
[翻译] 许多人并不知道他们究竟消耗掉了多少食品和饮料。
Many
people
are
unaware
of
just
how
much
food
and
drink
they
consumed．
[知识拓展]
be
consumed
with
因……而变得憔悴；给……弄得心劳神疲
consume
away
消耗掉；憔悴；枯萎凋谢
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
flowers
consumed
away．
②They
are
consumed
with
jealousy
at
her
success.
Sentence
Patterns
do强调谓语动词
(教材P26) On
the
other
hand，it
does
tell
us
a
lot
about
Americans.
另一方面，它确实告诉了我们很多关于美国人的事情。
句式分析：句中的“do
tell”属于“do(does/did)＋动词原形”结构，用来强调谓语动词，加强语气。
[例1] I
do
hope
you
can
give
up
smoking，because
I
want
you
to
live
as
long
and
healthy
a
life
as
I
have.我的确希望你能把烟戒掉，因为我希望你能像我一样活得健康长寿。
[例2] We
did
need
help
those
days.在那些日子里我们的确需要帮助。
[翻译] 那喷泉看上去的确清凉宜人！
The
fountain
does
look
nice
and
cool!
[知识拓展]
“do(does/did)＋动词原形”结构，用来强调谓语动词，表示“的确，真的，务必”，有时态和数的变化。这种强调一般只适用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①However，what
I
did
know
was
that
my
girlfriend
thought
I
smelt
terrible.(do)
然而，我的确知道，我的女朋友觉得我身上的味很难闻。
②In
order
to
achieve
his
dream，he
does
work
hard．(do)
为了实现梦想，他确实在努力奋斗。
③Do
write
me
a
letter
when
you
get
there.(do)
当你到了那里请务必给我来信。
不定式作后置定语
(教材P26) When
my
family
and
I
had
just
arrived
in
China，we
went
looking
for
a
good
place
to
eat
in
Beijing.当我和我的家人刚到中国的时候，我们去北京找一个吃饭的好地方。
句式分析：句中不定式to
eat作后置定语，修饰名词place。
[例1] I
had
gone
to
Maine
looking
for
a
place
to
work.
我去了缅因州，寻找一个工作的地方。
[例2] Are
you
going
to
the
conference
to
be
held
next
week？你准备参加下周举行的会议吗？
[翻译] 我今天有许多工作要完成。
I
have
a
lot
of
work
to
finish
today.
[知识拓展]
(1)在the
first，the
second，the
last，the
next，the
only等词和形容词最高级后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
(2)在time，way，chance，ability，promise等抽象名词后，常用不定式作定语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
best
way
to
travel
(travel)
is
to
take
a
high?speed
train.
②He
is
the
only
man
to
know
(know)
the
truth.
③The
chance
to
go
(go)
for
a
picnic
has
been
ruined.
④He
is
always
the
first
to
come
and
the
last
to
leave．
他总是第一个来，最后一个走。
1．And，since
the
dish
was
also
invented
recently，it
tells
us
that
Americans
are
not
afraid
to
try
new
foods.
[分析]句中since
the
dish
was
also
invented
recently为since引导的原因状语从句，that
Americans
are
not
afraid
to
try
new
foods为that引导的宾语从句。
[译文]
而且，由于这道菜也是最近才发明的，它告诉我们美国人并不怕尝试新食物。
2．It
has
become
a
favourite
traditional
dish
of
the
people
in
North
China，where
making
dumplings
has
always
been
a
family
affair
with
everyone—from
the
youngest
to
the
oldest—joining
in
to
help.
[分析]句中where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词North
China，其中动名词短语making
dumplings作主语，现在分词短语joining
in
to
help作介词with的宾语补足语。
[译文]
它已经成为中国北方人民最喜爱的传统菜肴，在那里包饺子一直是家庭里每个人的事务，从最年轻的到最年长的，都参与进来帮忙。
教材
高考
1.For
example，America's
most
popular
Chinese
dish
is
General
Tso's
chicken，which
consists
of
fried
chicken
covered
in
a
sweet
sauce，flavoured
with
hot
red
peppers.
(2019·浙江卷)Rock
music
consists
of
many
different
styles.
2.This
is
probably
not
an
authentic
Chinese
recipe，however，so
it
cannot
tell
us
much
about
the
Chinese.
(2019·北京卷)With
her
dad's
permission，she
spent
the
next
two
years
researching
online
and
conducting
trials
to
get
a
recipe
that
was
both
tasty
and
tooth?friendly.
3.Later，I
learnt
that
the
most
famous
food
in
Shandong
is
pancake
rolls
stuffed
with
sliced
Chinese
green
onions.
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Handing
out
sliced
oranges
to
bloodthirsty
kids
can
be
as
exciting
as
watching
your
own
kid
score
a
goal.
4.In
each
place
we
went，we
experienced
wonderful
local
dishes，from
Guangdong's
elegant
dim
sum—small
servings
of
food
in
bamboo
steamers—to
the
exceptional
stewed
noodles
in
Henan.
(2019·天津卷)I
was
extremely
inspired
by
the
elegant
way
the
words
sounded.
5.At
a
minimum，the
kinds
of
food
local
people
consume
tell
us
what
they
grow
in
their
region，what
kinds
of
lives
they
lead，and
what
they
like
and
do
not
like.
(2019·江苏卷)In
modern
man，the
brain
accounts
for
about
2%?3%of
total
body
weight，but
it
consumes
25%
of
the
body's
energy
when
the
body
is
at
rest.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The
course
consists
(consist)
of
ten
core
modules
and
five
optional
modules.
2．He
is
one
of
the
top
chefs
(chef)
in
Britain.
3．The
boxes
belonging
to
him
were
stuffed
with
books.
4．The
camels
were
going
well
and
behaving
like
lambs
(lamb)．
5．At
the
age
of
five
he
showed
exceptional
(exception)
talent
as
a
musician.
6．Passengers
may
only
take
aboard
the
aircraft
a
minimum
of
hand
luggage.
7．Sausages
(sausage)
in
Canton
style
are
of
high
quality
and
with
special
taste.
8．The
world's
need
for
consuming
(consume)
wood
is
a
huge
problem
for
climate
change.
9．All
300
elegantly
(elegant)
furnished
rooms
have
private
bath.
10．Pigs
were
butchered，hams
(ham)
were
hung
to
dry
from
the
ceiling.
Ⅱ.短语填空
consist
of；prior
to；consume
away；at
a
minimum；stuff
up；slice...off
1．Just
phone
in
your
order
three
or
more
days
prior
to
departure.
2．That
sweet
consists
of
eggs，honey
and
cream.
3．He
sliced
the
top
off
his
finger
while
he
was
cutting
vegetables.
4．Lin
Daiyu
consumed
away
with
grief，which
was
a
tragedy
of
love.
5．This
work
would
take
three
months
at
a
minimum．
6．He
has
a
bad
cold
and
his
nose
is
stuffed
up．
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
My
only
experience
with
Chinese
cooking
was
in
America，which
had
been
changed
1.to
suit
(suit)
American
tastes，prior
2.to
coming
to
China.Later，when
I
arrived
in
Beijing，we
had
the
pleasure
of
3.experiencing
(experience)
an
entirely
new
taste：Sichuan
peppercorns.We
soon
4.moved
(move)
to
Shandong
Province.My
favourite
dish
there
was
boiled
dumplings
served
with
vinegar.Later，I
learnt
that
the
most
famous
food
in
Shandong
is
pancake
rolls
5.stuffed
(stuff)
with
sliced
Chinese
green
onions.Then
we
moved
to
northern
Xinjiang.The
traditional
foods
there
are
6.usually
(usual)
boiled
or
roasted
meat，such
as
lamb
kebab.Our
travels
then
took
us
to
South
China，7.and
then
on
to
central
China.We
experienced
wonderful
local
8.dishes
(dish)，from
Guangdong's
elegant
dim
sum—small
servings
of
food
in
bamboo
steamers—to
the
9.exceptional
(exception)
stewed
noodles
in
Henan.What
we
can
say
is
10.that
culture
and
cuisine
go
hand
in
hand，and
if
you
do
not
experience
one，you
can
never
really
know
the
other.
6/10课时分层作业(九)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
How
does
it
happen
that
some
people
never
have
to
see
the
doctor
while
some
are
wasting
much
money
in
hospital？The
answer
lies
in
their
proper，healthy
diet.A
balanced
diet
actually
means
eating
all
kinds
of
foods
to
provide
the
body
with
all
the
nutrients
(营养物)
it
needs
for
its
daily
work.It
means
eating
the
right
type
of
foods
and
eating
a
right
amount
of
food
for
each
meal.
Each
food
group
contains
different
kinds
of
nutrients，and
our
body
surely
needs
all
of
these，but
in
different
amounts，and
it
differs
from
person
to
person.When
it
comes
to
going
on
a
healthy
diet，one
size
is
not
suitable
for
all.Everyone
leads
a
different
lifestyle，and
has
different
jobs
and
fitness
levels.
A
balanced
diet
matters
for
everyone.If
the
body
gets
all
the
required
nutrients，it'll
improve
the
immune(免疫)
system，which
prevents
all
kinds
of
diseases.A
balanced
diet
would
also
be
good
for
the
state
of
mind
and
then
help
you
remember
something
better.What's
more，if
the
body
is
supplied
with
all
the
necessary
nutrients，the
skin
and
hair
also
become
healthier.A
balanced
diet
also
prevents
our
body
from
aging.As
a
result，you'll
have
a
more
youthful
look.
However，for
a
healthy
body，a
balanced
diet
is
not
enough；it
has
to
be
combined
with
the
proper
amount
of
sleep
and
exercise.These
three
things，when
included
in
your
daily
routine，will
make
sure
that
you
not
only
have
a
healthy
body
but
also
a
healthy
mind.So，go
ahead
and
adopt
a
healthier
lifestyle!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍平衡饮食的定义和重要性。
1．Why
is
the
question
raised
in
the
first
paragraph?
A．To
show
problems.
B．To
give
evidence.
C．To
list
some
facts.
D．To
lead
in
the
topic.
D [推理判断题。第一段首先提出问题，然后给出答案，紧接着对答案进行阐述。文章其余部分都围绕该答案而展开，由此可推断，第一段提出问题是为了引出话题。]
2．What
does
the
underlined
word
“differs”
in
Paragraph
2
mean?
A．Comes.
B．Grows.
C．Changes.
D．Matters.
C [词义理解题。根据第二段可知，不同的人对不同营养物的需求量也不同，即这个需求量在不同的人之间是有变化的。]
3．What
is
Paragraph
3
mainly
about?
A．The
choice
of
a
balanced
diet.
B．The
features
of
a
balanced
diet.
C．The
importance
of
a
balanced
diet.
D．The
relationship
between
diet
and
aging.
C [段落大意题。该段首句为主题句，再结合接下来的介绍可判断该段旨在介绍平衡饮食的重要性。]
4．What
can
we
infer
from
the
last
paragraph?
A．A
balanced
diet
doesn't
work
alone.
B．Mind
is
closely
linked
to
the
body.
C．Exercise
is
the
most
important.
D．It's
easy
to
get
a
healthier
lifestyle.
A [推理判断题。根据末段首句可推断出，仅仅靠均衡饮食还不够，还需要与适量的睡眠和运动相结合。]
B
Do
you
love
holidays
but
hate
the
increase
in
weight
that
follows?
You
are
not
alone.
Holidays
are
happy
days
with
pleasure
and
delicious
foods.Many
people，however，are
worried
about
the
weight
that
comes
along
with
these
delicious
foods.
With
proper
planning，though，it
is
possible
to
control
your
weight.The
idea
is
to
enjoy
the
holidays
but
not
to
eat
too
much.You
don't
have
to
turn
away
from
the
foods
that
you
enjoy.The
following
suggestions
may
be
of
some
help
to
you.
Don't
miss
meals.Before
you
leave
home
for
a
feast
(宴会)，have
a
small，low?fat
snack.This
may
help
to
keep
you
from
getting
too
excited
before
delicious
foods.
Begin
with
clear
soup
and
fruit
or
vegetables.
A
large
glass
of
water
before
you
eat
may
help
you
feel
full.
Use
a
small
plate；a
large
plate
will
encourage
you
to
have
more
than
enough.
Better
not
have
high?fat
foods.Dishes
that
look
oily
or
creamy
have
much
fat
in
them.
Choose
lean
meat.Fill
your
plate
with
salad
and
green
vegetables.
If
you
have
a
sweet
tooth，try
mints
(薄荷)
and
fruit.They
don't
have
fat
content
as
cream
and
chocolate.
Don't
let
exercise
take
a
break
during
the
holidays.A
20?minute
walk
after
a
meal
can
help
burn
off
excess
calories
(多余的热量)．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何在假期里保持体重在饮食方面给出了建议。
5．Holidays
are
happy
days
with
pleasure
but
they
may
．
A．bring
weight
problems
B．bring
you
much
trouble
in
your
life
C．make
you
worried
about
your
foods
D．make
you
hate
delicious
foods
A [细节理解题。根据第二段可知，节日是充满乐趣、品尝美食的快乐的日子，但是很多人担忧随之而来的体重问题，显然A项正确。]
6．In
order
to
really
enjoy
your
holidays
without
putting
on
weight，you'd
better
．
A．drink
much
water
and
have
vegetables
only
B．not
eat
too
much
food
in
high
fat
C．not
accept
invitations
to
feasts
D．turn
away
from
delicious
foods
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The
idea
is
to
enjoy
the
holidays
but
not
to
eat
too
much.”以及后文建议“Better
not
have
high?fat
foods.”可以看出，要想假日快乐又不增加体重，最好别吃富含过多脂肪的食物。]
7．According
to
the
passage，
is
a
necessary
part
to
stop
you
from
putting
on
weight.
A．vegetables
B．water
C．calories
of
energy
D．physical
exercise
C [推理判断题。根据常识可知蔬菜、水和热量不能减肥；结合“Don't
let
exercise
take
a
break
during
the
holidays.A
20?minute
walk
after
a
meal
can
help
burn
off
excess
calories(多余的热量)．”可知D项正确。]
8．Many
people
can't
help
putting
on
weight
after
the
holidays
because
they
．
A．can't
control
themselves
B．go
to
too
many
feasts
C．enjoy
delicious
foods
D．can't
help
turning
away
from
the
foods
A [推理判断题。根据作者所提建议推理可知，许多人因为不能自我控制，假期过后增加了体重。所以选择A项。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
It
was
raining
pretty
hard
on
Halloween，but
that
wasn't
going
to
stop
my
little
sister
Kate
and
me
from
trick?or?treating.We
decided
to
start
at
Miss
Parson's
house.Miss
Parson
was
loved
by
us
kids
who
lived
nearby
because
she
often
shared
her
self?made
cookies
with
us.We
usually
finished
them
in
a
second，especially
when
we
were
hungry
after
class.Sometimes，when
we
visited
her
or
did
something
for
her，she
always
gave
us
a
surprise.
Kate
and
I
wondered
what
kinds
of
treats
she'd
offer.As
we
walked
down
the
street，I
held
an
umbrella，a
bag
for
candy，and
my
sister's
hand.Jack?o?lanterns
gave
soft
light
along
the
street.Spider
webs
hung
in
all
the
windows.Parents
who
were
dressed
up
like
monsters(怪物)
stood
in
doorways.After
we
had
walked
a
few
blocks，we
were
wet
from
head
to
toes，and
I
felt
Kate
was
trembling
with
cold.
There
was
a
light
on
at
Miss
Parson's
house，but
there
were
no
ghosts，goblins(小妖精)，or
Jack?o?lanterns.We
climbed
up
the
steps
and
saw
Miss
Parson
through
a
window.She
was
drinking
a
cup
of
hot
tea.
“Maybe
she
doesn't
celebrate
Halloween，”
Kate
said
with
a
sigh，disappointedly.
“Well，even
if
she
doesn't，she
usually
likes
it
when
we
visit
her，”
I
said
and
knocked
on
the
door.
Miss
Parson
seemed
surprised
when
she
opened
the
door
and
saw
our
dressing.“Is
today
Halloween？”
she
asked.“I
completely
forgot.I
am
so
sorry！”
Paragraph
1：
Miss
Parson
rushed
us
into
her
house.
Paragraph
2：
The
next
morning，a
hot
and
sweet
discussion
about
Miss
Parson
and
Halloween
spread
among
us
kids.
[参考范文]
Miss
Parson
rushed
us
into
her
house.
“It's
cold
out
there，”
she
said.My
sister's
face
was
shining
from
the
rain
and
Miss
Parson
dried
her
cheeks.“Thank
you，”
Kate
said.“Trick
or
treat？”“Oh，right！Treats，”
said
Miss
Parson.Then
she
disappeared
for
a
moment
and
came
back
with
a
big
smile
on
her
face.“Open
those
bags
wide，”
she
said.She
dropped
two
boxes
of
cocoa
(可可)
into
our
bags.“Winter
is
just
around
the
corner，”she
said.“Some
hot
cocoa
will
keep
you
warm.”“Thank
you，”
we
both
said.“Happy
Halloween！”
The
next
morning，a
hot
and
sweet
discussion
about
Miss
Parson
and
Halloween
spread
among
us
kids.
We
told
Mom
about
how
Miss
Parson
had
forgotten
Halloween
and
about
what
she
had
given
to
us
and
the
other
kids.“It
sounds
as
if
nobody
was
very
upset，even
though
she
forgot
Halloween，”
said
Mom.“No，we
were
happy，”
I
said.“Although
she
didn't
give
us
candy，it
was
kind
of
fun
for
us
all
to
get
something
different
for
a
change.I
hope
it
will
become
a
Halloween
tradition
to
give
out
unusual
treats.”
2/5Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
第一组
( )1.cuisine
A．adj.先前的；优先的
( )2.prior
B．n.菜肴；风味；烹饪
( )3.pepper
C．n.烹饪法；食谱
( )4.recipe
D．n.
厨师；主厨
( )5.chef
E．n.甜椒；灯笼椒；胡椒粉
( )6.vinegar
F．n.羊羔肉；羔羊
( )7.onion
G．n.醋
( )8.lamb
H．n.洋葱；葱头
( )9.bacon
I．n.火腿
( )10.ham
J．n.熏猪肉；咸肉
[答案] 1－5 BAECD 6－10 GHFJI
第二组
( )1.garlic
A．n.香肠；腊肠
( )2.sausage
B．n.(饭后)甜点
( )3.cabbage
C．n.食堂；餐厅
( )4.dessert
D．n.蒜
( )5.canteen
E．n.甘蓝；卷心菜；洋白菜
( )6.cafeteria
F．n.卡路里(热量单位)
( )7.pork
G．n.猪肉
( )8.calorie
H．n.纤维；纤维制品
( )9.category
I．n.自助餐厅；自助食堂
( )10.fibre
J．n.类别；种类
[答案] 1－5 DAEBC 6－10 IGFJH
B．短语匹配
( )1.prior
to
A．切下
( )2.consist
of
B．点心(中国食品)
( )3.slice...off
C．在……之前的
( )4.lamb
kebab
D．由……组成(或构成)
( )5.dim
sum
E．烤羊肉串
( )6.junk
food
F．豆腐
( )7.bean
curd
G．不管；不顾
( )8.red
braised
pork
H．垃圾食品
( )9.regardless
of
I．红烧肉
[答案] 1－5 CDAEB 6－9 HFIG
Ⅱ.默写单词
第一组
1．consist
vi.
组成；构成
2．stuff
vt.
填满；把……塞进
n.
东西；物品
3．slice
n.
(切下的食物)薄片
vt.
把……切成薄片
4．elegant
adj.
精美的；讲究的；文雅的
5．exceptional
adj.
特别的；罕见的
6．minimum
adj.
最低(限度)的；最小的
n.
最小值；最少量
7．consume
vt.
吃；喝；饮；消耗
8．somewhat
adv.
有点；稍微
9．association
n.
协会；关联
10．regardless
adv.
不顾；不加理会
第二组
1．madam
n．
夫人；女士
2．quantity
n.
数量；数额
3．ideal
adj.
完美的；理想的；想象的
n.
理想；完美的人(或事物)
4．fundamental
adj.
根本的；基础的；基本的
n.
基本规律；根本法则
5．chew
vi.&
vt.
咀嚼；嚼碎
n.
咀嚼
6．consistent
adj.
一致的；连续的
7．trick
n.
诀窍；计谋；把戏
8．overall
adv.
总体上；大致上
adj.
全面的；综合的
Ⅰ.语境填词
somewhat；quantity；prior；consist；madam；recipe；slices；minimum；trick；ideal
1．The
accident
happened
prior
to
my
arrival.
2．The
book
consists
of
nineteen
chapters.
3．Dear
madam，I
am
very
glad
and
honoured
to
write
to
you.
4．This
price
is
his
minimum；he
refuses
to
lower
it
any
further.
5．Patience
is
the
trick
in
doing
a
job
well.
6．She
was
somewhat
unapproachable
but
I'm
sure
she
wanted
to
be
friendly.
7．There
is
only
a
small
quantity
of
grass
left
in
the
garden.
8．I
am
looking
for
a
house
in
the
country
but
haven't
found
my
ideal
yet.
9．The
recipe
you
taught
me
yesterday
is
very
useful
in
cooking.
10．Please
cut
bread
into
thin
slices．
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．Our
circumstances
have
been
rather
exceptional
(exception)．
2．The
association
(associate)
is
having
its
annual
conference
next
week.
3．I
protested，but
she
carried
on
regardless
(regard)．
4．Fresh
air
is
fundamental
(fundament)
to
good
health.
5．She
is
a
consistent
(consist)
girl
in
her
feeling.
6．Susan
always
dresses
very
elegantly
(elegant)．
7．The
UK
is
the
biggest
consumer
(consume)
of
tropical
hardwoods
after
Japan.
8．But
you're
just
so
stuffed
(stuff)
you
won't
be
able
to
drink
anything.
1．Put
more
simply，this
means
“You
are
what
you
eat.”
简而言之，这意味着“人如其食”。
2．Prior
to
coming
to
China，my
only
experience
with
Chinese
cooking
was
in
America，with
Chinese
food
that
had
been
changed
to
suit
American
tastes.
在来中国之前，我对中国烹饪的唯一经历是在美国，中国的食物已经被改变以适应美国人的口味。
3．For
example，America's
most
popular
Chinese
dish
is
General
Tso's
chicken，which
consists
of
fried
chicken
covered
in
a
sweet
sauce，flavoured
with
hot
red
peppers.
例如，美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左公鸡，这道菜是用甜酱汁包裹的炸鸡，加上红辣椒调味。
4．My
favourite
dish
there
was
boiled
dumplings
served
with
vinegar.
那里我最喜欢的菜是配上醋的水饺。
5．At
a
minimum，the
kinds
of
food
local
people
consume
tell
us
what
they
grow
in
their
region，what
kinds
of
lives
they
lead，and
what
they
like
and
do
not
like.
至少，当地人吃的食物种类告诉我们，他们在他们的地区种植什么，他们过着什么样的生活，他们喜欢什么，不喜欢什么。
词语助读
①put
more
simply简而言之
②relate...to...把……和……联系起来
③healthy
eating健康饮食
④refer
to针对；指
⑤personality
n．人格，个性
⑥in
many
ways在很多方面
⑦in
point恰当的
⑧prior
to在……之前的
⑨suit
American
tastes适应美国人的口味
⑩for
example例如
?General
Tso's
chicken左公鸡
?consist
of由……组成(或构成)
?a
sweet
sauce甜酱汁
?hot
red
peppers红辣椒
?an
authentic
Chinese
recipe真正的中国菜
?on
the
other
hand另一方面
?simple
flavours简单的口味
?be
afraid
to
do...害怕做某事
?have
a
chance
to
do...有机会做某事
?arrive
in到达
look
for寻找
recommend...to
sb.向某人推荐……
have
no
idea不知道
how
to
order如何点餐
fill...with...用……充满……
have
the
pleasure
of
doing...很高兴做某事
Sichuan
peppercorns四川胡椒
even
more
important更重要的
move
to搬家或迁移到
boiled
dumplings
served
with
vinegar配上醋的水饺
be
important
to对……重要
a
favourite
traditional
dish最喜爱的传统菜肴
make
dumplings包饺子
join
in参加；加入
pancake
rolls
stuffed
with
sliced
Chinese
green
onions煎饼卷大葱
Inner
Mongolian内蒙古人
on
horses骑着马
as
a
result因此
over
an
open
fire在篝火上
roasted
meat烤肉
such
as如
lamb
kebab羊肉串
experience
wonderful
local
dishes体验当地的美食
elegant
dim
sum精致的点心
bamboo
steamers蒸笼
exceptional
stewed
noodles独特的烩面
as
varied
as和……一样不同
show
friendship
and
kindness展现友谊和善良
at
a
minimum在最低程度；至少
consume
vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗
bold
flavours味道醇厚浓烈的口味
spicy
food辛辣食物
have
a
hot
temper脾气暴躁
go
hand
in
hand齐头并进
原文呈现
CULTURE
AND
CUISINE
The
French
author
Jean
Anthelme
Brillat?Savarin
once
wrote，“Tell
me
what
you
eat，and
I
will
tell
you
what
you
are(1)．”
Put
more
simply①，this
means
“You
are
what
you
eat.”
Most
people
today
relate
this
saying
to②
healthy
eating③.However，Brillat?Savarin
was
actually
referring
to④
our
personality⑤，character，and
culture.
(1)and连接顺承关系的并列句，其中what
you
eat和what
you
are都是宾语从句。
Certainly，in
many
ways⑥
this
seems
to
be
true.Chinese
cuisine
is
a
case
in
point⑦.Prior
to⑧
coming
to
China，my
only
experience
with
Chinese
cooking
was
in
America，with
Chinese
food
that
had
been
changed
to
suit
American
tastes⑨(2)．For
example⑩，America's
most
popular
Chinese
dish
is
General
Tso's
chicken?，which
consists
of?
fried
chicken
covered
in
a
sweet
sauce?，flavoured
with
hot
red
peppers?(3)．This
is
probably
not
an
authentic
Chinese
recipe?，however，so
it
cannot
tell
us
much
about
the
Chinese(4)．On
the
other
hand?，it
does
tell
us
a
lot
about
Americans.It
tells
us，for
example，that
Americans
love
bold，simple
flavours?(5)．And，since
the
dish
was
also
invented
recently，it
tells
us
that
Americans
are
not
afraid
to?
try
new
foods(6)．
(2)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词food。
(3)which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词General
Tso's
chicken。
(4)so连接表示因果关系的并列句。
(5)that引导宾语从句。
(6)since...recently为原因状语从句，that...new
foods为宾语从句。
Later，I
had
a
chance
to?
experience
authentic
Chinese
food
by
coming
to
China.When
my
family
and
I
had
just
arrived
in?
China，we
went
looking
for
a
good
place
to
eat
in
Beijing(7)．A
Sichuan
restaurant
had
been
recommended
to
us
by
a
friend，and
finally，we
found
it.Tired，hungry，and
not
knowing
a
word
of
Chinese，we
had
no
idea
how
to
order，so
the
chef
just
began
filling
our
table
with
the
best
food
we
had
ever
eaten(8)．With
this，we
had
the
pleasure
of
experiencing
an
entirely
new
taste：Sichuan
peppercorns.The
food
was
wonderful
and
different，but
what
was
even
more
important
was
the
friendship
offered
us(9)．
(7)When...China为时间状语从句，不定式to
eat作名词place的后置定语。
(8)so连接表示因果关系的并列句，we
had
ever
eaten为定语从句，修饰先行词food。
(9)
but连接表示转折关系的并列句，what
was
even
more
important为主语从句。
We
soon
moved
to
Shandong
Province
in
the
eastern
part
of
North
China.My
favourite
dish
there
was
boiled
dumplings
served
with
vinegar.I
observed
that
family
is
important
to
the
people
there(10)．It
has
become
a
favourite
traditional
dish
of
the
people
in
North
China，where
making
dumplings
has
always
been
a
family
affair
with
everyone—from
the
youngest
to
the
oldest—joining
in
to
help(11)．Later，I
learnt
that
the
most
famous
food
in
Shandong
is
pancake
rolls
stuffed
with
sliced
Chinese
green
onions(12)．
(10)that引导宾语从句。
(11)where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词North
China。
(12)
that引导宾语从句。
Then
we
moved
to
northern
Xinjiang.Some
of
our
friends
were
Kazak
and
Inner
Mongolian.These
groups
traditionally
wandered
the
open
range
on
horses.
As
a
result，their
traditional
foods
are
what
you
can
cook
over
an
open
fire—usually
boiled
or
roasted
meat，such
as
lamb
kebab(13)．
(13)what引导表语从句。
Our
travels
then
took
us
to
South
China，and
then
on
to
central
China.In
each
place
we
went(14)，we
experienced
wonderful
local
dishes，from
Guangdong's
elegant
dim
sum—small
servings
of
food
in
bamboo
steamers—to
the
exceptional
stewed
noodles
in
Henan.Everywhere，the
food
was
as
varied
as
the
people.However，one
thing
is
always
true：Through
food，Chinese
people
everywhere
show
friendship
and
kindness.
(14)省略关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词place。
At
a
minimum，the
kinds
of
food
local
people
consume
tell
us
what
they
grow
in
their
region，what
kinds
of
lives
they
lead，and
what
they
like
and
do
not
like(15)．Could
we
also
say，for
example，that
those
who
like
bold
flavours
are
bold
themselves(16)?
Or，that
those
who
like
spicy
food(17)
tend
to
have
a
hot
temper？
Maybe.Maybe
not.What
we
can
say，however，is
that
culture
and
cuisine
go
hand
in
hand，and
if
you
do
not
experience
one，you
can
never
really
know
the
other(18)．
(15)local
people
consume为定语从句，修饰先行词food，and连接三个并列的由what引导的宾语从句。
(16)that引导宾语从句，其中who
like
bold
flavours为定语从句，修饰先行词those。
(17)who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。
(18)
What
we
can
say为主语从句，is后是that引导的表语从句，其中if...experience
one为条件状语从句。
译文参考
文化和美食
法国作家让·安泰尔姆·布里亚·萨瓦兰曾写道：“告诉我你吃什么，我就会知道你是什么样的人。”简而言之，这意味着“人如其食”。今天大多数人把这句话和健康饮食联系起来。然而，布里亚·萨瓦兰实际上指的是我们的个性、性格和文化。
当然，在很多方面这似乎是正确的。中国菜肴就是一个很好的例子。在来中国之前，我对中国烹饪的唯一经历是在美国，中国的食物已经被改变以适应美国人的口味。例如，美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左公鸡，这道菜是用甜酱汁包裹的炸鸡，加上红辣椒调味。但这可能不是一个真正的中国菜，因此，它不能告诉我们很多关于中国人的事情。另一方面，它确实告诉了我们很多关于美国人的事情。例如，它告诉我们，美国人喜欢味道醇厚浓烈、简单的口味。而且，由于这道菜也是最近才发明的，它告诉我们美国人并不怕尝试新食物。
后来，来到中国我有机会体验正宗的中国菜。当我和我的家人刚到中国的时候，我们去北京找一个吃饭的好地方。一个朋友向我们推荐了一家四川餐馆，最后我们终于找到了。又累又饿，而且汉语一句也不会，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的饭菜佳肴。以这种方式，我们很高兴地体验了一种全新的口味：四川胡椒。食物很美味，也很与众不同，但更重要的是我们之间的友谊。
我们很快就搬到了华北东部的山东省。那里我最喜欢的菜是配上醋的水饺。我注意到家庭对那里的人很重要。它已经成为中国北方人民最喜爱的传统菜肴，在那里包饺子一直是家庭里每个人的事务，从最年轻的到最年长的，都参与进来帮忙。后来我才知道，山东最有名的菜是煎饼卷大葱。
之后，我们搬到了新疆北部。我们的一些朋友是哈萨克人和内蒙古人。传统上这些民族骑着马在牧场上漫游。因此，他们的传统食物是你可以在篝火上烹饪的食物——通常是煮熟的或烤熟的肉，如羊肉串。
然后我们去了华南，然后去了华中。在我们去的每个地方，我们都体验了当地的美食，从广东精致的点心——用蒸笼装的小份食物——到河南独特的烩面。不管在哪儿，食物和人都一样的多样化。然而，有一件事总是真实的：通过食物，中国人处处展现友谊和善良。
至少，当地人吃的食物种类告诉我们，他们在他们的地区种植什么，他们过着什么样的生活，他们喜欢什么，不喜欢什么。比如，我们可以说，那些喜欢味道醇厚浓烈口味的人本身就很胆大吗？或者，喜欢辛辣食物的人脾气比较暴躁吗？
也许是。也许不是。然而，我们能说的是，文化和美食是相辅相成的，如果你没有经历过其中之一，你就永远不可能真正了解另外一个。
10/10过去完成时与过去完成时的被动语态
[观察例句]
1．When
my
family
and
I
had
just
arrived
in
China，we
went
looking
for
a
good
place
to
eat
in
Beijing.
2．Tired，hungry，and
not
knowing
a
word
of
Chinese，we
had
no
idea
how
to
order，so
the
chef
just
began
filling
our
table
with
the
best
food
we
had
ever
eaten.
3．A
Sichuan
restaurant
had
been
recommended
to
us
by
a
friend，and
finally，we
found
it.
4．Prior
to
coming
to
China，my
only
experience
with
Chinese
cooking
was
in
America，with
Chinese
food
that
had
been
changed
to
suit
American
tastes.
[归纳用法]
1．例句1和2的黑体部分为过去完成时，其构成为“had＋动词过去分词”，表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。
2．例句3和4的黑体部分为过去完成时的被动语态形式，其构成为“had＋been＋动词过去分词”，表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作。
一、过去完成时
表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。由“had＋过去分词”构成。
基本结构：had＋动词过去分词
(1)肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他。
He
had
already
been
to
New
York
earlier
in
the
week.
本周早些时候他去过纽约。
(2)否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词过去分词＋其他。
At
that
time
we
hadn't
met
her.
那时我们还没有见到她。
(3)疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？
肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had.
否定回答：No，主语＋hadn't.
—Had
you
visited
here
before?
——你以前参观过这里吗？
—Yes，I
had./No，I
hadn't.
——是，我去过。/没有，我以前没有去过。
(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
Where
had
you
been
before
you
came
here?
你来这里前还去过哪儿？
(5)被动语态：主语＋had
(not)＋been＋动词过去分词＋其他。
By
the
end
of
last
year
all
the
preparatory
work
had
been
done.
到去年底为止，所有的准备工作都完成了。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①He
had
worked(work)
in
the
store
for
five
years
before
he
moved
here.
②When
I
got
to
the
station，the
train
had
left
(leave)．
③The
task
had
been
finished
(finish)
before
12：00
yesterday.
二、基本用法
1．表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。
By
nine
o'clock
last
night，we
had
got
200
pictures
from
the
spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。
2．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。
I
had
been
at
the
bus
stop
for
20
minutes
when
a
bus
finally
came.
当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
He
said
he
had
worked
in
that
factory
since
1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
3．叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
Mr.Smith
died
yesterday.He
had
been
a
good
friend
of
mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
I
didn't
know
a
thing
about
the
verbs，for
I
had
not
studied
my
lesson.
我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。
4．在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
I
returned
the
book
that
I
had
borrowed.
我已归还了我借的书。
She
found
the
key
that
she
had
lost.
她丢失的钥匙找到了。
5．过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
He
said
that
he
had
known
her
well.
他说他很熟悉她。
I
thought
I
had
sent
the
letter
a
week
before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
6．状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when，before，after，as
soon
as，till/until引导的复合句。
When
I
woke
up，it
had
already
stopped
raining.
我醒来时雨已停了。
She
didn't
go
to
bed
until
she
had
finished
her
work.
她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
After
he
arrived
in
England，Marx
worked
hard
to
improve
his
English.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
7．动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。
They
had
wanted
to
help
but
could
not
get
there
in
time.
他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
We
had
hoped
to
be
able
to
come
and
see
you.
我们本来希望能来看看你。
8．过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...，no
sooner...than
...，it
was
the
first
(second，etc)
time
(that)．..等固定句型中。
Hardly
had
he
begun
to
speak
when
the
audience
interrupted
him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No
sooner
had
he
arrived
than
he
went
away
again.
他刚到就又走了。
It
was
the
third
time
that
he
had
been
out
of
work
that
year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①We
had
built(build)
five
new
buildings
by
the
end
of
last
year.
②I
could
see
from
her
face
that
she
had
received(receive)
some
good
news.
③He
said
he
had
been(be)
there
before.
④We
realized
we
had
lost(lose)
our
way.
⑤We
had
hoped(hope)
that
you
would
be
able
to
visit
us.
三、与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基点，但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
比较：I
have
learned
1，000
English
words
so
far.
到目前为止我已经学会了1
000个英语单词。
I
had
learned
1，000
English
words
till
then.
到那时为止我已经学会了1
000个英语单词。
—I'm
sorry
to
keep
you
waiting.
——对不起，让你久等了。
—Oh，not
at
all.I
have
been
here
only
a
few
minutes.
——没什么，我只等了几分钟。
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
①The
concert
has
started
(start)．We
have
to
look
for
our
seats
in
the
dark.
②You're
too
late；the
train
has
left
(leave)．
③He
had
taught
(teach)
English
for
twenty
years
when
he
retired.
④They
had
got
(get)
everything
ready
before
I
came.
四、过去完成时的被动语态
过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。
1．过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式
(1)肯定结构：主语＋
had
been
done
＋其他成分。
(2)否定结构：主语＋
had
not
been
done
＋其他成分。
(3)疑问句结构：had
＋主语＋
been
done
＋其他成分？
疑问词＋
had
＋主语＋
been
done
＋其他成分？
2．过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况
(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。
By
the
time
he
got
to
the
school，the
first
class
had
been
finished.
当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。
The
classroom
hadn't
been
cleaned
before
the
teacher
came.
老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。
How
many
buildings
had
been
destroyed
when
the
earthquake
ended?
地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？
(2)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。
As
the
assignment
had
been
done，he
went
on
to
search
the
Internet.
任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。
He
did
what
he
had
been
told
to.
他做了别人叫他做的事。
另：当从句由after，before，when或
as
soon
as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。
When
he
arrived，he
called
her.
他到达时，给她打了电话。
They
locked
the
door
before
they
left.
在离开前，他们把门锁上了。
(3)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。
They
said
the
production
costs
had
been
reduced.
他们说生产成本已经降低了。
The
girl
was
reminded
that
her
homework
had
not
been
handed
in.
那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。
The
media
reported
more
than
1，000
people
had
been
killed
in
the
earthquake.
媒体报道有1
000多人在地震中丧生。
[名师点津]
过去完成时被动语态与现在完成时被动语态用法区别：现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。
例如：This
polluted
river
has
been
cleaned.
这条被污染了的河流已被净化。
析：该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。
例如：He
said
this
book
had
been
translated
into
Japanese.
他说这本书已被译成日语。
析：该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本书已被译成日语。
[即学即练4] 单句语法填空
①The
earthquake
had
been
predicted
(predict)
several
days
before.
②The
device
had
been
used
(use)
operationally
some
months
previously.
③Our
classroom
has
been
cleaned
(clean)．You
needn't
clean
it
now.
④The
child
has
been
taken
(take)
care
of
by
grandma
all
these
years.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I
surfed
the
net
and
saw
(see)
an
online
advertisement，so
I
sent
an
email，saying
that
I
wanted
the
job.
2．The
universities
in
Britain
have
taken
(take)
in
many
students
from
China
and
other
Asian
countries
over
the
past
few
years.
3．The
interviewer
was
interested
in
the
grades
I
had
got
(get)
in
the
exams.
4．By
the
time
we
got
a
report，the
firemen
had
put
(put)
out
the
fire
in
the
bar
already.
5．We'll
have
to
wait
in
line.The
fast?food
restaurant
has
been
(be)
short?handed
for
weeks.
6．She
had
wanted
(want)
to
help
you
but
she
had
no
time
then.
7．All
the
film
tickets
had
been
sold
(sell)
out
when
I
got
to
the
cinema.
8．The
wallet
had
been
wrapped
(wrap)
up
in
newspaper
and
it
contained
half
the
money
he
had
lost.
9．By
the
end
of
that
day，most
of
the
inhabitants
had
left
(leave)
their
homes.
10．It
was
the
third
time
that
he
had
made
(make)
the
same
mistake.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．她告诉我她当空中乘务员好几年了。
She
told
me
that
she
had
been
an
air
hostess
for
quite
a
few
years.
2．她说她已来过上海。
She
said
that
she
had
been
to
Shanghai.
3．我们到日本前学过一点日语。
We
had
studied
a
little
Japanese
before
we
came
to
Japan.
4．我不想看那部戏剧，因为我已经看过了。
I
didn't
want
to
see
the
play
because
I
had
already
seen
it．
5．到上学期末，我们已读了十篇短篇小说。
By
the
end
of
last
term
we
had
read
ten
short
stories．
6．这是他第一次输掉比赛。
It
was
the
first
time
he
had
lost
the
game．
7．投资黄金一直被认为是万无一失的赚钱方法。
Investment
in
gold
has
been
seen
as
a
sure
route
to
make
money.
8．经过短暂的步行，我们到达尸体被人发现的地方。
After
a
short
walk，we
arrived
at
the
place
where
the
body
had
been
found.
9．然而，几天之后，有人告诉他说弄错了。
However，a
few
days
later，he
was
told
that
a
mistake
had
been
made．
10．我半夜回来时，她还没有做完工作。
When
I
came
back
at
midnight
she
still
hadn't
finished
the
work．
8/8课时分层作业(七)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语提示写出单词。
1．The
hotel
has
a
large
dining
room
serving
superb
local
cuisines(菜肴)．
2．He
received
a
set
of
china
consisting(组成)
of
sixty
pieces.
3．If
you
want
the
dish
to
turn
out
right
you
should
follow
the
recipe(食谱)．
4．She
flavored
the
fish
with
sugar
and
vinegar(醋)．
5．There
is
too
much
onion
(洋葱)
in
the
salad.
6．She
produces
elegant
(高雅的)
wedding
gowns
in
a
variety
of
sumptuous
fabrics.
7．Many
of
Britain's
beaches
fail
to
meet
minimum
(最低的)
standards
of
cleanliness.
8．A
crop
of
tomatoes
enriches
the
soil
and
makes
it
suitable
for
growing
cabbages
(甘蓝)．
9．This
nut
pudding
is
a
rich
dessert
(甜点)
with
a
special
flavour.
10．In
the
cafeteria
(自助餐厅)
we
serve
ourselves.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Living
a
healthy
lifestyle
lies
in
forming
the
right
eating
habits.Here
are
some
of
the
good
habits
you
can
develop
when
it
comes
to
healthy
eating.
Drink
plenty
of
water.You
must
drink
at
least
8
glasses
of
water
a
day.You
may
need
even
more
water
if
you
are
in
a
hot
environment
or
if
you
are
exercising.
Eat
breakfast.Breakfast
is
the
most
important
meal
of
the
day.A
recent
study
has
shown
that
those
who
eat
breakfast
will
consume
an
average
of
100
calories
more
during
the
day
than
their
colleagues
(同事)
who
skipped
breakfast.They
will
also
be
able
to
concentrate
better.
Don't
skip
lunch.If
you
do
so，your
blood
sugar
level
will
drop
and
your
metabolism
(新陈代谢)
will
slow
down.When
you
get
home
you
are
starving
and
eat
everything
you
can
find.
We
all
need
to
snack
from
time
to
time，but
please
choose
your
snacks
carefully.In
fact，it's
a
good
idea
to
eat
two
healthy
snacks
besides
your
three
main
meals.Choose
healthy
snacks
like
fruits
and
vegetables，low
fat
yogurt，cottage
cheese
with
apple
sauce，and
so
on.
Eat
your
fruits
and
vegetables.We
should
eat
at
least
5
servings
of
fruits
and
vegetables
a
day.Take
a
piece
of
fruit
for
a
snack，add
some
banana
and
raisins
to
your
favourite
breakfast
cereal
(谷类食品)，have
a
salad
with
lunch，and
eat
at
least
one
vegetable
at
dinner
each
night.
Do
not
eat
your
dinner
too
late.Try
to
eat
dinner
at
least
3
hours
before
you
go
to
bed.This
will
give
your
body
a
chance
to
digest
most
of
the
food
before
you
rest
for
the
next
8
hours.Plan
dinner
for
the
week
ahead
of
time
and
make
sure
you
have
everything
you
need
in
the
house
so
other
family
members
can
get
ahead
start
on
dinner
if
you
have
a
late
meeting
at
the
office.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。向人们说明健康饮食的重要性以及一些好的饮食习惯，如多喝水、吃早餐、不要过晚吃晚餐等。
1．How
many
good
eating
habits
are
mentioned
in
the
passage?
A．5.
B．6.
C．7.
D．8.
B [推理判断题。根据文章段落关系可知2－7段给出了6种好的饮食习惯。]
2．Which
of
the
following
statements
is
NOT
true?
A．You
should
drink
at
least
8
glasses
of
water
whatever
the
environment
may
be.
B．Breakfast，lunch，snack，dinner，fruits
and
vegetables
are
equally
important.
C．It
is
suggested
that
you
eat
your
dinner
at
seven
if
you
plan
to
go
to
bed
at
ten.
D．It
is
good
for
your
health
to
eat
fruits
and
vegetables
at
each
meal
every
day.
B [细节理解题。细读文章不难看出A，C，D三项判断正确，再结合常识可知B项判断片面。]
3．The
underlined
word
“raisins”
most
probably
means
．
A．dried
grapes
B．peach
leaves
C．pieces
of
cheese
D．peanuts
A [词义猜测题。本段主要讲了要多吃水果和蔬菜，故A项正确。]
4．Who
is
this
passage
intended
for?
A．Students.
B．Office
workers.
C．Housewives.
D．Cooks.
B [推理判断题。根据文章人称用词their
colleagues(同事)以及最后一段中“Plan
dinner
for
the
week
ahead
of
time
and...you
have
a
late
meeting
at
the
office.”可知B项正确。]
B
A
British
friend
told
me
he
couldn't
understand
why
Chinese
people
love
eating
sunflower
seeds
(葵花子)
as
a
snack
so
much.“I've
met
a
lot
of
older
Chinese
and
many
have
a
crack
in
their
front
teeth；I
believe
that's
from
cracking
the
seeds，”
he
said.
I
had
never
noticed
the
habit，but
once
he
mentioned
it，I
suddenly
became
more
aware.I
realized
that
whenever
I'm
watching
TV
or
typing
a
report，I
always
start
mindlessly
cracking
sunflower
seeds.My
friend
doesn't
like
sunflower
seeds，and，to
him，it
seems
unnecessary
to
work
so
hard
just
to
get
one
small
seed.
When
we
were
young，the
whole
family
would
usually
get
together
for
Chinese
New
Year.Then，we
all
lived
close
to
one
another，usually
in
a
small
city，and
sometimes
even
neighbors
would
go
door?to?door
on
Chinese
New
Year's
Eve
to
check
out
what
every
household
was
making.
I
remember
my
parents
would
be
in
the
kitchen
cooking.In
the
living
room，a
large
table
would
already
be
laid
out，complete
with
a
fancy
tablecloth，ready?made
dumpling
fillings，and
dishes
full
of
candy，fruits
and
sunflower
seeds.
Some
of
the
dishes
were
to
be
offered
to
our
ancestors
later，while
others
were
for
neighbors
and
children
to
eat
before
the
evening
feast.I
must
have
learned
how
to
crack
sunflower
seeds
back
then.
I
don't
think
it's
right
to
criticize
one's
choice
in
food
or
eating
habits，no
matter
how
strange
they
may
seem.
It's
not
only
in
China.When
I
went
abroad，I
found
people
had
all
sorts
of
strange
habits
when
it
came
to
food.In
Denmark，they
put
salted
red
fish
on
bread
and
eat
it
for
dinner，no
matter
how
much
it
ruins
their
breath.They
think
it's
a
delicacy，and
it's
connected
with
their
culture.I
think
it's
a
wonderful
tradition.
【语篇解读】 直到作者的英国朋友提到中国人都爱嗑瓜子，作者才意识到自己也是如此。作者把这个习惯归结于中国春节文化，就像丹麦人吃面包喜欢加咸红鱼，每一个饮食习惯都与自己的文化有关。
5．What
did
the
writer
become
aware
of?
A．She
had
ever
typed
a
report
about
seeds.
B．She
ate
various
snacks
while
watching
TV.
C．She
has
a
habit
of
cracking
sunflower
seeds.
D．She
damaged
her
teeth
by
eating
sunflower
seeds.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I
had
never
noticed
the
habit...start
mindlessly
cracking
sunflower
seeds.”可知，作者意识到自己有嗑瓜子的习惯，故选C。]
6．What
does
the
writer
prove
by
mentioning
Chinese
New
Year?
A．The
traditions
of
celebrating
it
disappear.
B．Children
can
eat
delicious
food
on
that
day.
C．The
families
would
get
together
for
it.
D．Eating
sunflower
seeds
is
related
to
it.
D [推理判断题。根据第四、第五段内容可知，新年的时候会有很多美食，一些是供给祖先的，还有一些是给邻居和小孩在晚宴前吃的，其中含有瓜子，作者因此学会了嗑瓜子，可见作者嗑瓜子和春节有关，故选D。]
7．The
writer's
attitude
to
Denmark's
way
of
eating
bread
is
．
A．acceptable
B．critical
C．neutral
D．doubtful
A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I
think
it's
a
wonderful
tradition.”可知，作者认为丹麦人吃面包的方式是一个美妙的传统，可见作者接受这种吃法，故选A。]
8．What
lesson
can
we
learn
from
the
passage?
A．One
kind
of
food
doesn't
necessarily
suit
everyone.
B．Eating
habits
come
from
a
certain
culture.
C．It
is
good
to
form
healthy
eating
habits.
D．Changing
your
eating
habits
will
change
your
life.
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They
think
it's
a
delicacy，and
it's
connected
with
their
culture.”可知，丹麦人认为这样吃面包是美味的，这和他们的文化有关，正如作者喜欢嗑瓜子和春节文化有关一样，每一种饮食习惯都与自己的文化有关，故选B。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
If
you're
trying
to
cut
back
on
your
snacking
(吃零食)，take
a
moment
to
consider
that
nearly
94%
of
Americans
snack
at
least
once
a
day.
1
But
once
you
take
measures
to
change
your
habits，you
might
find
it's
not
as
difficult
as
you
think.
2
Meals
that
have
a
variety
of
nutrients
(营养物)
are
more
likely
to
satisfy
the
desire
your
body
has.It
is
very
important
to
make
sure
your
meals
are
balanced
so
that
you
ensure
you
do
not
have
the
desire
for
snacks.Make
sure
to
have
quality
proteins
and
fats
at
lunch，not
foods
like
fast
food.These
can
help
carry
away
your
hunger
throughout
the
day.
Be
sure
to
eat
breakfast.Breakfasts
that
are
high
in
protein
are
observed
to
increase
satiety
(饱足)
in
the
morning.
3
Try
to
eat
at
least
35
grams
of
protein
for
breakfast，in
order
to
help
you
feel
fuller
throughout
the
day.
Eat
high?protein
diets
to
help
you
feel
full
longer.Protein
takes
more
time
to
digest.
4
Check
the
labels
on
your
food
when
comparing
items
in
the
grocery
store.This
will
allow
you
to
select
foods
to
carry
away
hunger.
Make
your
meals
longer.Take
your
time
to
chew
your
food
to
help
digest
it.It
can
also
give
your
body
time
to
let
you
know
that
you
are
full.
5
A．Eat
balanced
meals
every
day.
B．Avoid
eating
junk
food
in
the
evening.
C．This
can
help
your
meal
last
longer
in
your
stomach.
D．They
can
also
help
people
to
feel
fuller
in
the
evening.
E．Research
shows
that
people
who
chew
more
slowly
feel
less
hungry.
F．Research
shows
exercising
regularly
can
decrease
the
chance
that
you
want
to
snack.
G．It
can
be
difficult
to
cut
back
on
snacks
when
snacking
is
such
a
common
part
of
a
culture.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了如何避免在三餐之间多吃零食的几点建议。
1．G [根据本空前的“If
you're
trying
to
cut
back
on
your
snacking(吃零食)，take
a
moment
to
consider
that
nearly
94%
of
Americans
snack
at
least
once
a
day.”可知，此处承接上文，说的是在这样一种背景下少吃零食是很困难的。]
2．A [根据本段内容，特别是“It
is
very
important
to
make
sure
your
meals
are
balanced
so
that
you
ensure
you
do
not
have
the
desire
for
snacks.”可知，本段讲每天要吃均衡的膳食。]
3．D [根据本空前的“Breakfasts
that
are
high
in
protein
are
observed
to
increase
satiety(饱足)
in
the
morning.”可知，此处讲的还是吃早餐的好处，吃好早餐能增强人的饱腹感，即使到了晚上，也会有一定的饱腹感。]
4．C [根据本空前的“Protein
takes
more
time
to
digest.”可知，蛋白质不容易消化，这样会让食物在胃里持续更长时间。]
5．E [根据本空前的“Take
your
time
to
chew
your
food
to
help
digest
it.”可知，此处举例说明细嚼慢咽可以减少饥饿感。]
1/6速读P26－27教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．Brillat?Savarin
thought
that
people
are
what
they
eat.
A．Right. B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
2．General
Tso's
chicken
in
America
is
an
authentic
Chinese
recipe.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．The
writer
really
experienced
authentic
Chinese
food
in
America.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．The
writer
found
that
family
is
important
to
the
people
in
Shandong
Province.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．The
writer
intended
to
leave
China
for
Japan
to
enjoy
wonderful
food
there.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 ABBAC
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．that
Americans
are
not
afraid
to
try
new
foods
B．what
you
are
C．what
you
can
cook
over
an
open
fire
D．what
was
even
more
important
E．that
culture
and
cuisine
go
hand
in
hand
F．what
they
grow
in
their
region
1．Tell
me
what
you
eat，and
I
will
tell
you
．
2．And，since
the
dish
was
also
invented
recently，it
tells
us
．
3．The
food
was
wonderful
and
different，but
was
the
friendship
offered
us.
4．As
a
result，their
traditional
foods
are
—usually
boiled
or
roasted
meat，such
as
lamb
kebab.
5．At
a
minimum，the
kinds
of
food
local
people
consume
tell
us
，what
kinds
of
lives
they
lead，and
what
they
like
and
do
not
like.
6．What
we
can
say，however，is
，and
if
you
do
not
experience
one，you
can
never
really
know
the
other.
[答案] 1－6 BADCFE
Ⅲ.表格填写
America
◆Chinese
food
that
had
been
changed
to
1.suit
American
tastes.◆America's
most
popular
2.Chinese
dish
is
General
Tso's
chicken.◆It
does
tell
us
a
lot
about
Americans
instead
of
3.the
Chinese.
Beijing
◆We
experienced
an
entirely
new
4.taste：Sichuan
peppercorns.◆The
food
was
5.wonderful
and
different.
Shandong
◆My
favourite
dish
there
was
6.boiled
dumplings
served
with
vinegar.◆The
most
famous
food
is
pancake
rolls
7.stuffed
with
sliced
Chinese
green
onions.
Northwest
China
◆The
traditional
foods
are
usually
boiled
or
8.roasted
meat，such
as
lamb
kebab.
South
China
◆We
experienced
Guangdong's
elegant
dim
sum—small
servings
of
food
in
9.bamboo
steamers.
Central
China
◆We
experienced
the
exceptional
10.stewed
noodles
in
Henan.
细读P26－27教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
段落
主旨大意
1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.34.Para.45.Para.56.Para.67.Para.7
A.Chinese
cuisine
in
America.B.Traditional
dishes
in
Shandong.C.Brillat?Savarin's
view
about
food.D.Authentic
Chinese
food
in
Beijing.E.Culture
and
cuisine
go
hand
in
hand.F.Traditional
foods
in
northern
Xinjiang.G.Wonderful
local
dishes
in
South
China
and
central
China.
[答案] 1－7 CADBFGE
Ⅱ.阅读理解
1．What
can
people
learn
much
about
from
General
Tso's
chicken
in
America?
A．Chinese
cuisine.
B．Hot
red
peppers.
C．The
Chinese.
D．Americans.
2．What
did
the
writer
think
of
the
food
in
a
Sichuan
restaurant
of
Beijing?
A．Simple
and
bold.
B．Wonderful
and
different.
C．Friendly
and
kind.
D．Terrible
and
spicy.
3．What
food
did
the
writer
like
best
in
Shandong
Province?
A．General
Tso's
chicken.
B．Boiled
dumplings
served
with
vinegar.
C．Pancake
rolls
stuffed
with
sliced
Chinese
green
onions.
D．Small
servings
of
food
in
bamboo
steamers.
4．What
should
you
try
to
experience
in
order
to
learn
about
culture
in
a
different
country?
A．Traditional
cuisine.
B．Local
people.
C．Its
language.
D．Friendship.
[答案] 1－4 DBBA
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能——地理位置
A．阅读文中含有地理位置的语句。
1．When
my
family
and
I
had
just
arrived
in
China，we
went
looking
for
a
good
place
to
eat
in
Beijing.
2．We
soon
moved
to
Shandong
Province
in
the
eastern
part
of
North
China.
3．It
has
become
a
favourite
traditional
dish
of
the
people
in
North
China.
4．Then
we
moved
to
northern
Xinjiang.
B．判断下列句子是否为表示地理位置的句子？
1．Our
travels
then
took
us
to
South
China，and
then
on
to
central
China.
(是)
2．In
each
place
we
went，we
experienced
wonderful
local
dishes，from
Guangdong's
elegant
dim
sum—small
servings
of
food
in
bamboo
steamers—to
the
exceptional
stewed
noodles
in
Henan.
(是)
3．However，Brillat?Savarin
was
actually
referring
to
our
personality，character，and
culture.
(不是)
4．Prior
to
coming
to
China，my
only
experience
with
Chinese
cooking
was
in
America，with
Chinese
food
that
had
been
changed
to
suit
American
tastes.
(是)
5．The
food
was
wonderful
and
different，but
what
was
even
more
important
was
the
friendship
offered
us.
(不是)
1/4阅读P32教材课文，选择最佳答案。
1．What
is
more
likely
to
cause
heart
disease?
A．Fatty
food.
B．Roasted
food.
C．Sugar.
D．Meat.
2．What
should
we
do
if
we
want
to
be
healthy?
A．Eat
less
meat
and
more
fruit.
B．Have
fewer
sweet
drinks.
C．Have
more
candy
bars.
D．Eat
more
processed
foods.
3．Which
of
the
following
contains
rich
vitamins
and
fibre?
A．Vegetables.
B．Beans.
C．Dairy
products.
D．Meat.
4．How
should
we
eat
our
food?
A．Chew
it
quickly.
B．Enjoy
it
slowly.
C．Eat
as
much
as
possible.
D．Eat
a
lot
in
one
meal.
[答案] 1－4 CBAB
Words
And
Phrases
regardless
of不管；不顾
(教材P32) This
is
true
regardless
of
how
healthy
the
rest
of
their
diet
might
be.
这是真的，不管他们的饮食其余部分有多健康。
[例1] I
shall
go
regardless
of
the
weather.
无论天气怎么样我都要去。
[例2] The
allowance
is
paid
regardless
of
age
or
income.
津贴发放不分年龄或收入。
[翻译] 他不顾危险地爬上了高塔。
Regardless
of
danger，he
climbed
the
high
tower.
[知识拓展]
(1)regardless
of
the
fact
that...
不顾……的事实
(2)regardless
adv.
不管；不顾
(3)in
spite
of＝despite
尽管；不顾
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①They
continued
to
work
regardless
of
the
fact
that
it
was
raining.
②Despite
her
recent
surgery
she
has
been
carrying
on
regardless
(regard)．
③We
arrived
at
the
station
on
time
regardless
of
the
storm．＝We
arrived
at
the
station
on
time
despite/in
spite
of
the
storm．
尽管下着暴风雨，我们依旧准时到达了车站。
[名师点津]
regardless
of强调“不认为……重要”，从而不加以重视或考虑，其后可以接the
fact
that...；其同义词despite/in
spite
of还有“尽管……但是”之意，其后一般不接从句。
quantity
n．数量；数额
(教材P32) Processed
foods
often
contain
less
nutrition，and
have
higher
quantities
of
sugar，salt，and
fat
than
fresh
ingredients.
加工食品通常含有较少的营养，并且比新鲜原料含有更多的糖、盐和脂肪。
[例1] Quantities
of
food
were
spread
out
on
the
table.
许多食品被摊放在桌子上。
[例2] The
quantity
and
quality
of
the
fruit
can
be
controlled.
水果的数量与质量可以被控制。
[翻译] 这么大量的知识怎样才能学到呢？
How
can
such
a
large
quantity
of
knowledge
be
acquired?
[知识拓展]
(1)a
large/small
quantity
of＝large/small
quantities
of“大/少量的”，既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词
a
(large/small)
quantity
of
后接名词作主语时，谓语常用单数形式
(large/small)
quantities
of
后接名词作主语时，谓语常用复数形式
(2)in
quantity
在数量上；大量地
in
large
quantities
大量地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Our
government
spent
a
large
quantity
of
money
in
stopping
pollution.
②Every
day
in
hot
summer，a
large
quantity
of
beer
is
consumed
(consume)．
③Large
quantities
of
air?conditioners
have
been
sold
(sell)
since
the
summer
is
coming.
④He
likes
reading
and
always
buys
books
in
quantity/in
large
quantities
(quantity)．
ideal
adj.完美的；理想的；想象的
n．理想；完美的人(或事物)
(教材P32) The
ideal
diet
is
a
balanced
one，without
too
much
or
too
little
of
any
one
thing.
理想的饮食是均衡的，任何一种东西都不要吃得太多或太少。
[例1] She's
looking
for
a
job
but
hasn't
found
her
ideal
yet.
她在寻找一份工作，但迄今为止还没有找到理想的。
[例2] Sam
was
a
real
leader
who
had
high
moral
ideals.
萨姆胸怀崇高的道德理想，是真正的领袖人物。
[翻译] 这是个存钱的最佳机会。
This
is
an
ideal
opportunity
to
save
money．
[知识拓展]
the
ideal
and
the
real
理想与现实
realize/fulfil
one's
ideal(s)
实现理想
be
ideal
for
对……极为适合
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
houses
are
absolutely
ideal
for
families
with
young
children.
②In
any
case
the
ideal
and
the
real
must
always
be
referred
to
one
another.
③Good
excuse
won't
help
you
realize
your
life
ideal!
美好的借口都不会帮助你实现自己的人生理想！
trick
n．诀窍；计谋；把戏
vt.哄骗；欺骗
(教材P32) There
is
no
one
trick
to
healthy
eating.
健康饮食没有什么诀窍。
[例1] An
old
dog
cannot
learn
new
tricks.
老狗学不会新把戏。
[例2] I
thought
I
saw
a
ghost，but
perhaps
it
was
only
a
trick
of
the
light.
我以为我看见鬼了，但这大概不过是灯光在捉弄人。
[翻译] 她跟我开了一个玩笑。
She
played
a
trick
on
me．
[知识拓展]
(1)play
tricks/a
trick
on
sb.
搞恶作剧；开某人玩笑
make
fun
of
sb.
取笑某人
play
a
joke
on
sb.
取笑某人
(2)trick
sb.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Don't
take
it
seriously；she
just
wants
to
play
a
joke
on
you.
②We
were
tricked
into
buying
a
poor
car，which
made
me
very
upset.
Sentence
Patterns
while引导时间状语从句
(教材P32) Put
more
simply，while
people
continue
to
argue
over
whether
or
not
fatty
food
is
dangerous，we
already
know
that
sugar
is
a
killer.
简而言之，当人们还在争论高脂肪食物是否危险时，我们已经知道糖是杀手。
句式分析：句中while引导时间状语从句。
[例1] While
he
was
in
prison，he
wrote
his
first
novel.
他在狱中写出了第一部小说。
[例2] Nothing
much
changed
while
he
was
away.
他不在的时候，没有什么太大变化。
[翻译] 她听着收音机睡着了。
While
she
was
listening
to
the
radio，she
fell
asleep.
[知识拓展]
(1)while用作并列连词，表对比，意为“而”。
(2)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……的时候”。从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。
(3)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于though。
(4)while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，相当于as
long
as。
(5)while用作名词，意为“一会儿；一段时间”，此时主要用于短语中；after
a
while过了一会儿；for
a
while暂时，一会儿；all
the
while一直，始终等。
[即学即练] 完成句子
①While
there
is
life，there
is
hope.
只要有生命就有希望。
②The
boy
is
good
at
maths
while
his
sister
is
good
at
Chinese．
那个男孩擅长数学而他妹妹擅长语文。
③While
I
understand
what
you
say，I
can't
agree
with
you.
尽管我明白你的话，但我还是不同意。
④They
chatted
for
a
while
and
then
went
to
work.
他们聊了一会儿，然后就去上班了。
标题归纳题
[典例剖析]
I
start
every
summer
with
the
best
of
intentions：to
attack
one
big
book
from
the
past，a
classic
that
I
was
supposed
to
have
read
when
young
and
ambitious.
Often
the
pairings
of
books
and
settings
have
been
purely
accidental：“Moby
Dick”
on
a
three?day
cross?country
train
trip：“The
Magic
Mountain”
in
a
New
England
beachside
cottage
with
no
locks
on
the
doors，no
telephones
or
televisions
in
the
rooms，and
little
to
do
beyond
row
on
the
salt
pond.Attempting
“The
Man
Without
Qualities”
on
a
return
to
Hawaii，my
native
state，however，was
less
fruitful：I
made
it
through
one
and
a
quarter
volumes
(册)，then
decided
that
I'd
got
the
point
and
went
swimming
instead.
But
this
summer
I
find
myself
at
a
loss.I'm
not
quite
interested
in
Balzac，say，or
“Tristram
Shandy.”
There's
always
War
and
Peace，which
I've
covered
some
distance
several
times，only
to
get
bogged
down
in
the
“War”
part，set
it
aside
for
a
while，and
realize
that
I
have
to
start
over
from
the
beginning
again，having
forgotten
everyone's
name
and
social
rank.How
appealing
to
simply
fall
back
on
a
favorite—once
more
into
“The
Waves”
or
“Justine，”
which
feels
almost
like
cheating，too
exciting
and
too
much
fun
to
properly
belong
in
serious
literature.
And
then
there's
Stendhal's
“The
Red
and
the
Black”，which
happens
to
be
the
name
of
my
favorite
cocktail
(鸡尾酒)
of
the
summer，created
by
Michael
Cecconi
at
Savoy
and
BackForty.It
is
easy
to
drink，and
knocking
back
three
or
four
seems
like
such
a
delightful
idea.Cecconi's
theory：“I
take
whatever's
fresh
at
the
green
market
and
turn
it
into
liquid.”
The
result
is
a
pure
shot
of
afternoon
in
the
park，making
one
feel
cheerful
and
peaceful
all
at
once，lying
on
uncut
grass
with
eyes
shut，sun
beating
through
the
lids...
What
can
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text？
A．The
Books
of
Summer
B．My
Summer
Holidays
C．To
Read
or
Not
to
Read
D．It's
Never
Too
Late
to
Read
★试题特点
标题归纳题考查考生准确理解全文、提炼信息、概括总结的能力。
标题归纳题实质上与全文大意题一样，考查的都是文章的主旨大意，只不过这两类题型的选项形式不同：前者通常是短语或短句，后者通常以一句话的形式出现。所以，解答标题归纳题的部分技巧对于全文大意题同样适用。
★解题思路
Step
1：读文章，寻找体现文章主线的信息句(□中句)
Step
2：归纳标题，全盘考虑——文章第一段开头作者就点明every
summer，谈到了每年暑假旅行时喜欢读名著。第二段谈到今年夏天读书的困惑，第三段再次把读书和鸡尾酒联系，谈自己读书的感受。
Step
3：尝试解答——全文都和夏天读书有关，The
Books
of
Summer适合作为标题，故选A。
★名师点津
好标题三大特点
概括性
准确而又简短
针对性
标题外延正好与文章内容相符
醒目性
能引发读者的阅读欲望
四大解题技巧
关键词法
反复出现的词语，多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词
主题句法
根据文章主题句，确定中心词充当标题
穿珠连串法
分析文章细节，确定共同点，如同穿珠般，串连细节共同点，确定标题
逆向法
根据四个选项，考虑其可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳选项
[即学即练]
A
One
day
when
I
was
12，my
mother
gave
me
an
order：I
was
to
walk
to
the
public
library，and
borrow
at
least
one
book
for
the
summer.This
was
one
more
weapon
for
her
to
defeat
my
strange
problem—inability
to
read.
In
the
library，I
found
my
way
into
the
“Children's
Room.”
I
sat
down
on
the
floor
and
pulled
a
few
books
off
the
shelf
at
random.The
cover
of
a
book
caught
my
eye.It
presented
a
picture
of
a
beagle.I
had
recently
had
a
beagle，the
first
and
only
animal
companion
I
ever
had
as
a
child.He
was
my
secret
sharer，but
one
morning，he
was
gone，given
away
to
someone
who
had
the
space
and
the
money
to
care
for
him.I
never
forgot
my
beagle.
There
on
the
book's
cover
was
a
beagle
which
looked
identical
(相同的)to
my
dog.I
ran
my
fingers
over
the
picture
of
the
dog
on
the
cover.My
eyes
ran
across
the
title，Amos，the
Beagle
with
a
Plan.
Unknowingly，I
had
read
the
title.Without
opening
the
book，I
borrowed
it
from
the
library
for
the
summer.
Under
the
shade
of
a
bush，I
started
to
read
about
Amos.I
read
very，very
slowly
with
difficulty.Though
pages
were
turned
slowly，I
got
the
main
idea
of
the
story
about
a
dog
who，like
mine，had
been
separated
from
his
family
and
who
finally
found
his
way
back
home.That
dog
was
my
dog，and
I
was
the
little
boy
in
the
book.At
the
end
of
the
story，my
mind
continued
the
final
scene
of
reunion，on
and
on，until
my
own
lost
dog
and
I
were，in
my
mind，running
together.
My
mother's
call
returned
me
to
the
real
world.I
suddenly
realized
something：I
had
read
a
book，and
I
had
loved
reading
that
book.Everyone
knew
I
could
not
read.But
I
had
read
it.Books
could
be
incredibly
wonderful
and
I
was
going
to
read
them.
I
never
told
my
mother
about
my
“miraculous”
(奇迹般的)
experience
that
summer，but
she
saw
a
slow
but
remarkable
improvement
in
my
classroom
performance
during
the
next
year.And
years
later，she
was
proud
that
her
son
had
read
thousands
of
books，was
awarded
a
PhD
in
literature，and
authored
his
own
books，articles，poetry
and
fiction.The
power
of
the
words
has
held.
Which
one
could
be
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A．The
Charm
of
a
Book
B．Mum's
Strict
Order
C．Reunion
with
My
Beagle
D．My
Passion
for
Reading
A [通读全文可知，作者最开始有阅读障碍，在图书馆无意中看到了一本书，于是奇迹出现了，他不仅获得了博士学位，而且成为了一名成功的作家，故A项正确。]
B
Angel
Garcia
Crespo
is
a
computer
engineer
at
Carlos
Ⅲ
University
of
Madrid
in
Spain.His
group
has
invented
a
new
way
for
deaf?blind
people
to
“watch”
TV.The
idea
for
the
technology
grew
out
of
previous
work
by
his
group.The
team
had
already
worked
on
making
audiovisual(视听的)
materials
accessible
to
people
with
either
vision
or
hearing
disabilities.But
the
group
wanted
to
help
people
with
both
challenges.So
they
asked
some
deaf?blind
people
what
would
help.
In
addition
to
relying
on
their
sense
of
touch
to
communicate，deaf?blind
people
can
also
get
and
send
information
with
a
Braille
line.The
Braille
system
uses
patterns
of
raised
dots
to
stand
for
letters
and
numbers.A
Braille
line
is
an
electronic
machine
with
a
changeable
Braille
display.Dots
rise
up
or
drop
down
based
on
the
information
sent
to
the
machine.
Now
the
new
system
changes
TV
signals
to
data
a
Braille
line
can
use.“The
key
to
the
system
is
the
possibility
of
using
subtitles(字幕)
to
collect
TV
information，”
Garcia
Crespo
explains.“Subtitles
travel
with
the
image(影像)
and
the
audio
in
electromagnetic
waves
we
don't
see.But
an
electronic
system
can
keep
those
waves.”
First，a
computer
program，or
app，pulls
out
the
subtitles
and
visual
descriptions
from
the
broadcast
signal.The
system
then
combines
the
information
and
changes
both
into
data
for
Braille.
Now
another
app
gets
to
work，which
sends
the
data
out
to
people's
Braille
lines
on
demand.“This
is
done
in
real
time，in
less
than
a
second，”
Garcia
Crespo
says.This
lets
a
deaf?blind
person
“watch”
TV
as
it's
broadcast.The
system
will
work
with
various
Braille
lines，as
long
as
there's
a
bluetooth
connection
available.Now，the
system
is
only
used
in
Europe，and
it
should
soon
be
available
in
the
US.
What
should
be
a
suitable
title
for
the
text?
A．New
Technology
Is
Improving
Deaf?blind
People's
Life
B．A
New
Braille
Line
Is
Applied
to
Disabled
People's
Life
C．A
Spanish
Group
Makes
TV
Accessible
to
Blind
People
D．New
Technology
Helps
Deaf?blind
People
“Watch”
TV
D [根据最后一段中“This
lets
a
deaf?blind
person
‘watch’
TV
as
it's
broadcast.The
system
will
work
with
various
Braille
lines，as
long
as
there's
a
bluetooth
connection
available.”(这让聋哑人在电视播出时“观看”电视。只要有蓝牙连接，该系统可以使用各种盲文线路。)可知，文章最佳主题是“新技术帮助聋哑人士”看“电视”。故选D。]
7/9课时分层作业(八)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Workplace
canteens
(canteen)
are
offering
healthier
foods
than
ever
before.
2．Our
association
(associate)
with
him
goes
back
four
years.
3．The
club
welcomes
all
new
members
regardless
of
age.
4．Large
quantities
(quantity)
of
water
are
needed
for
cooling
purpose.
5．Daniel
leaned
back
on
the
sofa，still
chewing
(chew)
on
his
apple.
6．Some
of
the
magic
tricks
(trick)
called
for
audience
participation.
7．The
towns
investigated
fell
into
two
broad
categories
(category)．
8．One
of
his
ideals
(ideal)
is
to
become
a
pianist.
9．What
you
say
is
not
consistent
with
what
you
do.
10．We
have
consumed
(consume)
half
of
the
energy
on
the
Earth
in
the
recent
30
years.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Food
has
always
been
one
of
the
greatest
wants
of
humankind.The
search
for
food
is
the
1
human
behavior.Thus，
2
food
were
easier
to
get
and
prepare，it
would
be
really
helpful
for
humankind.It
would
reduce
a
great
burden(负担)．The
development
of
processed
foods
(加工食品)
has
made
food
easier
to
get
and
prepare.
3
every
coin
has
two
sides.Apart
from
its
advantages，the
4
of
cooking
also
has
its
disadvantages.
Though
processed
foods
seem
like
a
great
way
to
save
5
，they
offer
much
less
nutritional
(营养的)
value
than
traditional
foods.People
today
are
so
busy
that
they
are
not
able
to
spend
enough
time
preparing
their
food.As
a
result，many
people
6
to
eat
processed
foods，ready?to?cook
meals
and
various
fast
foods.But
what
will
7
if
one
eats
such
food
all
year
round?
It
will
damage
your
health.The
nutritional
value
of
the
food
is
not
so
high.Worse
still，research
shows
that
preservatives(防腐剂)
used
in
these
foods
are
8
to
children.That's
why
health
experts
warn
people
not
to
eat
too
much
of
such
9
food.
Besides，since
people
spend
little
time
preparing
food，the
culture
of
cooking
is
slowly
10
．Cooking
is
not
done
just
to
satisfy
hunger；it
is
also
a(n)
11
form
of
art.Across
the
world，there
are
thousands
of
12
cooking
styles.If
young
people
are
used
to
processed
foods，few
of
them
will
develop
great
cooking
13
．And
when
they
become
parents，it
will
be
hard
for
their
children
to
enjoy
a(n)
14
home?cooked
meal.What's
more，cooking
is
a
great
time
for
families
to
connect.There
is
a
lot
of
15
when
family
members
are
preparing
food
together.
In
a
word，I
believe
though
processed
food
has
made
the
preparation
of
food
much
easier，it
has
not
been
a
good
step
for
humankind.
【语篇解读】 本文是议论文。加工食物虽然省时省力，但是有害健康。
1．A.special
B．basic
C．right
D．valuable
B [根据上一句中的“Food
has
always
been
one
of
the
greatest
wants
of
humankind.”可知，食物是人类的“基本(basic)”需求。]
2．A.though
B．before
C．if
D．unless
C [根据句意选C。]
3．A.So
B．And
C．But
D．Or
C [上文中的“It
would
reduce
a
great
burden(负担)．”与下文中的“cooking
also
has
its
disadvantages”是转折关系，故用“但是(But)”。]
4．A.easiness
B．safety
C．method
D．difficulty
A [根据上文中的“food
were
easier
to
get”可知，烹饪的“便捷(easiness)”也有缺点。]
5．A.energy
B．food
C．money
D．time
D [由常识可知，食用加工食物省“时间(time)”。]
6．A.choose
B．dislike
C．refuse
D．stop
A [根据文中的“they
are
not
able
to
spend
enough
time
preparing
their
food”可知，现在的人忙得没时间做饭，所以他们“选择(choose)”加工食物。]
7．A.change
B．happen
C．get
D．offer
B [根据下文中的“if
one
eats
such
food
all
year
round”可知，常年吃加工食物会“发生(happen)”什么呢？]
8．A.harmful
B．useless
C．meaningful
D．necessary
A [见下题解析。]
9．A.cold
B．sweet
C．unhealthy
D．hot
C [根据文中的“health
experts
warn
people
not
to
eat”可知，防腐剂对儿童是“有害的(harmful)”，所以专家警告人们不要过多摄入这些“不健康的(unhealthy)”食物。]
10．A.varying
B．dying
C．appearing
D．developing
B [根据文中的“culture
of
cooking”可知，人们花很少的时间准备食物，所以饮食文化会慢慢“消失(dying)”。]
11．A.important
B．famous
C．simple
D．new
A [根据上文中的“Cooking
is
not
done
just
to
satisfy
hunger”可知，饮食是一种“重要的(important)”艺术形式。]
12．A.regular
B．ordinary
C．different
D．similar
C [根据上文中的“Across
the
world，there
are
thousands
of”可知，全世界有很多“不同的(different)”烹饪方式。]
13．A.knowledge
B．lessons
C．interests
D．skills
D [见下题解析。]
14．A.delicious
B．clean
C．expensive
D．cheap
A [根据上文中的“young
people
are
used
to
processed
foods”可知，如果年轻人都习惯吃加工食物，就很少有人会提高他们的烹饪“技巧
(skills)”，当他们为人父母的时候就很难给孩子做一顿“可口的(delicious)”饭菜。]
15．A.success
B．work
C．progress
D．fun
D [根据下文中的“when
family
members
are
preparing
food
together”可知，烹饪是一个很好的家庭交流的机会，而且很“有趣(fun)”。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Eating
at
restaurants
hasn't
always
been
known
as
the
best
choice
for
people
1.
are
trying
to
keep
a
healthy
diet.It
is
2.
(extreme)
hard
for
people
to
avoid
food
that
isn't
so
good
for
them
when
dining
out.However，you
don't
have
to
give
3.
your
love
of
restaurants.There
are
ways
that
you
can
eat
healthier
food
when
dining
out
while
you
can
still
enjoy
the
experience.
One
method
is
to
take
time
4.
(read)
the
nutrition
information.Some
restaurants
post
it
on
their
menus
or
their
website.If
you
know
you're
going
to
visit
5.
certain
restaurant，you
should
check
the
website
first.If
no
nutrition
information
6.
(list)，you
should
check
the
menu
at
the
restaurant
before
you
order.
Another
way
is
to
think
about
not
eating
cream
or
butter
sauces.Instead，consider
7.
(choose)
a
sauce
that
could
add
a
rich
flavour
to
your
food
without
extra
calories
(卡路里)．
All
restaurants
have
water
available.Whether
it
is
free
or
you
have
to
buy
it，you
should
choose
to
drink
water
over
other
drinks
like
beer
or
soda，which
8.
(contain)
a
lot
of
calories.
Eating
out
doesn't
have
to
be
an
unhealthy
9.
(decide)
as
long
as
you
make
wise
choices.You
could
still
enjoy
all
of
the
benefits
of
dining
out
and
be
10.
(please)
with
your
choices
later
on.
【语篇解读】 在餐馆吃饭并不是人们最好的选择，尤其是对那些想要保持健康饮食的人来说。
1．who/that [考查关系词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词people且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。]
2．extremely [考查副词。设空处修饰形容词hard，故填副词extremely。]
3．up [考查固定搭配。give
up意为“放弃，停止”。]
4．to
read [考查不定式作状语的用法。take
time
to
do
sth.意为“花时间做某事”。]
5．a [考查不定冠词。restaurant是可数名词且在此表泛指，故填a。]
6．is
listed [考查一般现在时的被动语态。information与list之间是被动关系，且此处表示一般情况，故填is
listed。]
7．choosing [考查动词?ing形式作宾语的用法。consider
doing
sth.意为“考虑做某事”。]
8．contains [考查谓语动词。which指代beer
or
soda，谓语用第三人称单数。]
9．decision [考查名词。由an
unhealthy可知，在此应填名词decision。]
10．pleased [考查形容词作表语的用法。be
pleased
with
sth.意为“对某事满意”。]
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