课时分层作业(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Florence
Nightingale
was
born
in
a
rich
family.When
she
was
young，she
took
lessons
in
music
and
drawing，and
read
great
books.She
also
travelled
a
great
deal
with
her
mother
and
father.
As
a
child，she
felt
that
visiting
sick
people
was
both
a
duty
and
a
pleasure.She
enjoyed
helping
them.
At
last，her
mind
was
made
up.“I'm
going
to
be
a
nurse，”
she
decided.
“Nursing
isn't
the
right
work
for
a
lady，”
her
father
told
her.
“Then
I
will
make
it
so，”
she
smiled.And
she
went
to
learn
nursing
in
Germany
and
France.When
she
returned
to
England，Florence
started
a
nursing
home
for
women.
During
the
Crimean
War
in
1854，she
went
with
a
group
of
thirty?eight
nurses
to
the
front
hospital.What
they
saw
there
was
terrible.Dirt
and
death
were
everywhere
to
be
seen
and
smelled.The
officer
there
did
not
want
any
woman
to
tell
him
how
to
run
a
hospital，either.But
the
brave
nurses
went
to
work.
Florence
used
her
own
money
and
some
from
friends
to
buy
clothes，beds，medicines
and
food
for
the
men.Her
only
pay
was
the
smiles
from
the
lips
of
dying
soldiers.But
they
were
more
than
enough
for
this
kind
woman.
After
war，she
returned
to
England
and
was
honoured
for
her
service
by
Queen
Victoria.But
Florence
said
that
her
work
had
just
begun.She
raised
money
to
build
the
Nightingale
Home
for
Nurses
in
London.She
also
wrote
a
book
on
public
health，which
was
printed
in
several
countries.
Florence
Nightingale
passed
away
at
the
age
of
ninety，still
trying
to
serve
others
through
her
work
as
a
nurse.Indeed，it
is
because
of
her
that
we
honour
nurses
today.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了护理行业的创始人——南丁格尔，她为了护理别人而奉献了自己的一生。
1．When
she
was
a
child，Florence
．
A．wrote
a
book
on
public
health
B．knew
what
her
duty
in
life
was
C．loved
to
help
the
sick
people
D．was
most
interested
in
music
and
drawing
C [细节理解题。根据第二段可知，她很喜欢帮助病人。故C项正确。]
2．During
the
Crimean
War
in
1854，Florence
served
in
the
front
hospital
where
．
A．she
earned
a
lot
of
money
B．work
was
very
difficult
C．few
soldiers
died
because
of
her
work
D．she
didn't
have
enough
food
and
clothes
B [细节理解题。根据第六段第二、三、四句可知，当时的工作条件很艰苦。故B项正确。]
3．Why
was
Florence
honoured
by
Queen
Victoria?
A．Because
she
built
the
Nightingale
Home
for
Nurses.
B．Because
of
her
old
age.
C．Because
she
worked
as
a
nurse
all
her
life.
D．Because
she
did
a
great
deal
of
work
during
the
Crimean
War.
D [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，正是因为在战争中所做的事情让她受到了女王的表彰。故D正确。]
4．The
passage
can
be
best
described
as
．
A．the
life
story
of
a
famous
woman
B．a
description
of
the
nursing
work
C．an
example
of
successful
education
D．the
history
of
nursing
in
England
A [主旨大意题。本文介绍了护理行业的创始人——南丁格尔，她为了护理别人而奉献了自己的一生。故A正确。]
B
Here
are
a
few
things
to
watch
out
for
when
you
move
somewhere
new
or
are
returning
home
after
a
long
time
away.
Be
careful
on
the
road!
The
first
thing
that
I
did
when
I
got
out
of
the
airport
was
to
cross
the
road，but
I
looked
the
wrong
way！In
the
UK
the
cars
drive
on
the
left?hand
side
of
the
road
whereas
in
Spain
they
drive
on
the
right.I
almost
got
run
over
because
I
was
still
thinking
I
was
in
Spain.You
have
to
be
very
careful.
There's
another
strange
one
from
travelling
on
the
road.In
Mallorca，most
of
the
time，pedestrians(行人)
can
cross
the
road
by
walking
on
the
road
without
stopping
and
the
car
will
stop
for
them.In
the
UK，however，you
have
to
be
careful
to
wait
for
the
cars
to
stop
or
else
you
might
end
up
in
the
hospital
very
quickly!
Drink
water.
In
Spain，most
people
buy
large
bottles
of
water
to
drink.In
the
UK
the
filtering(过滤)
of
the
water
means
that
you
can
drink
straight
from
the
tap.On
my
first
night
back
I
forgot
that
I
could
drink
water
from
the
taps
and
spent
the
night
wishing
I
had
a
bottle
of
water.When
I
woke
up，I
realized
how
silly
I
had
been.
Time
is
different.
In
Spain
there
is
a
small
break
during
the
day
to
have
a
nap
for
the
rest
of
the
day.You
also
might
only
think
about
going
out
for
a
drink
with
friends
in
Spain
at
11
p．m.
In
the
UK
that
is
already
past
the
bedtime!
【语篇解读】 作者刚从西班牙回到自己的国家英国时对这里生活的很多方面感到不适应。作者结合自己的经历介绍了西班牙和英国在交通、饮水和时间安排方面的不同。
5．Why
was
the
author
almost
run
over
in
the
UK?
A．He
was
crossing
an
unfamiliar
road.
B．He
was
thinking
in
the
middle
of
the
road.
C．He
was
looking
the
wrong
way
on
the
road.
D．He
was
running
on
the
right?hand
side
of
the
road.
C [细节理解题。根据第一个小标题下的第一段第二句和第三句可知，西班牙交通法规规定的机动车行车方向和英国的正相反，作者刚回到英国时还像在西班牙那样过马路，看错了车辆行驶的方向，所以差点被撞到。]
6．Compared
with
the
traffic
in
the
UK，traffic
in
Mallorca
for
pedestrians
is
more
．
A．dangerous
B．important
C．crowded
D．secure
D [推理判断题。根据第一个小标题下的第二段第二句可以推知，Mallorca的交通对行人来说更安全。]
7．On
the
first
night
back
home，the
author
．
A．drank
some
water
from
the
tap
B．had
a
big
meal
in
a
restaurant
C．bought
a
bottle
of
water
D．didn't
drink
water
at
all
D [细节理解题。根据第二个小标题下的第三句可知，那天晚上作者还像在西班牙一样，由于没有瓶装水，他没有喝水。]
8．What
can
we
conclude
from
the
text?
A．The
author
is
used
to
living
in
Spain.
B．The
author
hopes
to
return
to
Mallorca
soon.
C．The
author
doesn't
like
the
life
in
the
UK
at
all.
D．The
author
can't
look
after
himself
well.
A [推理判断题。根据文中作者叙述的各种情况可知，作者还不适应英国的生活习惯，也就是说他已经习惯了在西班牙的生活。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
The
event
that
stands
out
in
Tom's
memory
happened
one
morning
when
Tom
was
only
ten
years
old.He
was
at
home
with
his
elder
sister
Jane.Tom
was
doing
his
homework
when
he
heard
raised
voices.At
first
he
thought
nothing
of
it
since
customers
in
the
motorcycle
shop
directly
below
their
flat
often
became
loud，but
he
soon
realized
this
time
it
was
different.
“Quick!
Quick!
Remove
the
motorcycles
from
the
shop.”
someone
shouted.Then
a
thick
burning
smell
filled
the
air.When
Tom
opened
the
front
door
of
their
flat
to
investigate，a
thick
cloud
of
smoke
greeted
him.The
motorcycle
shop
had
caught
fire
and
people
were
running
and
crying.
Jane，who
had
been
playing
the
violin
in
her
room，hurried
to
the
living
room.They
rushed
out
of
the
door
and
along
the
corridor
(走廊)
through
the
smoke.
They
were
heading
towards
the
stairway
at
the
far
end
of
the
corridor
when
Jane
suddenly
stopped
in
her
track.She
turned
around
and
headed
back
the
way
they
came.Tom
had
no
idea
what
she
was
doing，but
he
followed
her.
Jane
had
suddenly
remembered
the
lady
in
her
70s
who
lived
next
door
to
them，who
they
called
Makcik.Jane
began
banging
on
Makcik's
door，but
got
no
answer.As
the
smoke
thickened
around
them，Tom
could
see
many
of
their
neighbors—some
still
in
their
pajamas
(睡衣)—running
for
safety.The
thought
of
fear
crossed
his
mind.
“She
would
have
run
for
safety
like
everyone
else！”
Tom
cried.However，Jane
refused
to
give
up.“I
know
Makcik's
still
inside.”
She
said
she
was
familiar
with
Makcik's
daily
routine
and
was
certain
she
would
still
be
sleeping.She
pounded
against
the
door.“Go
downstairs.Go
now!
Go！”
Paragraph
1：
Tom
noticed
the
flame
(火焰)
was
reaching
up.
Paragraph
2：
Luckily，some
neighbors
passing
by
stopped
and
offered
help.
【参考范文】
Tom
noticed
the
flame
was
reaching
up.Frozen
with
fear，he
stood
rooted
to
the
spot.He
comprehended
the
gravity
of
the
situation
and
held
Jane's
hand
tightly.Both
of
them
were
coughing
and
their
eyes
were
stinging.Time
seemed
to
stand
still，though
they
were
probably
there
for
only
two
or
three
minutes.Tom
begged
Jane
to
run
for
safety
as
quickly
as
possible.Jane
tried
to
shield
her
nose
from
the
choking
smoke
and
shook
her
head.She
kept
pounding
against
the
door.Tom
burst
out
crying.
Luckily，some
neighbors
passing
by
stopped
and
offered
help.A
sense
of
strength
immediately
replaced
the
mounting
fear
and
anxiety
in
Jane's
mind.She
told
them
Ms.Makcik
must
be
still
in
the
room.They
forced
the
door
open
with
all
their
might.Sure
enough，Makcik
was
lying
in
bed，unconscious.She
was
carried
downstairs
and
then
rushed
to
the
hospital，where
she
finally
came
to
herself.People
in
the
neighborhood
felt
relieved
and
Jane
and
Tom
were
very
happy.
6/6阅读P7－9教材课文，选择最佳答案。
1．Why
did
Qian
Xuesen
decide
to
change
his
major
at
university?
A．Because
he
wanted
to
get
respect
from
others.
B．Because
he
would
like
to
defend
his
country.
C．Because
he
wanted
to
go
to
the
US
for
further
study.
D．Because
he
found
Railway
Mechanical
Engineering
was
boring.
2．What
made
Qian
Xuesen
so
outstanding
a
scientist
according
to
the
first
passage?
A．His
strong
interest
in
art.
B．His
difficulties
in
the
US.
C．His
great
leadership.
D．His
courage
and
energy.
3．When
did
Hawking
first
become
famous?
A．When
he
was
still
at
university.
B．When
he
lost
the
use
of
his
muscles.
C．After
he
suffered
from
a
serious
disease.
D．After
he
graduated
from
university.
4．How
was
Hawking's
own
theory
proven
correct?
A．By
the
steady
state
theory.
B．By
Fred
Hoyle's
study.
C．By
his
own
mistakes.
D．By
astronomers
with
telescopes.
[答案] 1－4 BAAD
Words
And
Phrases
pour
vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
(教材P7) A
non?Newtonian
fluid
is
strange
because
you
can
pour
it
like
a
liquid，but
if
you
put
any
pressure
on
it，it
suddenly
becomes
hard
as
concrete.
非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以把它像液体一样倒出来，但如果你对它施加压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样硬。
[例1] After
the
meeting
the
people
poured
out
in
crowds.
散会后人们成群地涌出来。
[例2] People
poured
into
the
hall.
人们涌进大厅。
[翻译] 乌云密布，下起了倾盆大雨。
The
storm
clouds
gathered
and
the
rain
poured
down．
[知识拓展]
pour
in
涌进
pour
into
涌进……
pour
out
倒出；涌出；倾诉
pour
out
of...
从……中涌出来
pour
down
(雨)倾盆而降
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
rays
of
the
sun
poured
in
through
the
window.
②The
river
pours
into
the
sea.
③Sobbing，she
poured
out
the
whole
story.
④He
was
seriously
wounded.Blood
poured
out
of
the
wound.
break
out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
(教材P7) However，after
the
Songhu
Battle
broke
out
in
1932，Qian
made
the
decision
to
switch
his
major
to
aviation
because
he
realised
that
China
needed
its
own
powerful
air
force
to
protect
and
defend
the
country.
然而，在1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。
[例1] Something
unexpected
always
breaks
out
in
this
area.
在这一地区总有意想不到的事情发生。
[例2] The
Second
World
War
broke
out
in
September
1939.
第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。
[翻译] 我正在熟睡中，这时突然发生了火灾，而且蔓延得很快。
I
was
still
sleeping
when
the
fire
broke
out，and
then
it
spread
quickly.
[知识拓展]
break
in
强行进入；打断
break
through
突破；冲破
break
up
破碎；解散；分手
break
off
断开；中断；停顿
break
away
from
逃脱；脱离
break
into
强行闯入；突然开始
break
down
出故障；垮掉
[即学即练] 完成句子
①He
broke
into
my
house
and
stole
my
money.
他闯进我家偷了我的钱。
②The
meeting
broke
up
at
eleven
o'clock.
在11点钟散会。
③Once
you
join
them，you
can
never
break
away
from
them.
一旦你入了他们的伙，你就永远不能脱离他们。
④If
you
go
on
working
like
that，you
will
break
down
sooner
or
later.
如果你继续像那样工作的话，你迟早会累垮的。
in
charge
of主管；掌管
(教材P8) He
received
a
hero's
welcome
from
his
homeland
and
was
put
in
charge
of
not
only
developing
China's
rocket
science
but
also
its
space
and
missile
programme.
他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。
[例1] I'll
be
in
charge
of
the
whole
factory
next
week
when
the
director
is
away.
下周厂长不在时，我将负责整个工厂。
[例2] The
cook
is
in
charge
of
the
kitchen
helper.
这位厨师负责管理帮厨工。
[翻译] 这位教师负责这个班。
The
teacher
is
in
charge
of
the
class．
[知识拓展]
take
charge
of
掌管/负责……
in
charge
of
控制/管理……
free
of
charge
免费
in
sb.'s
charge＝in
the
charge
of
sb.
由……主管(含被动意义)
[即学即练] 完成句子
①The
company
was
badly
organized
until
she
took
charge
of
it.
公司管理很差，直到她掌管为止。
②The
performers
have
all
offered
their
services
free
of
charge.
演员们都愿意免费出演。
③The
company
is
in
the
charge
of
Tom
when
the
boss
is
away.＝Tom
is
in
charge
of
the
company
when
the
boss
is
away.
当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。
fault
n.
弱点；过错
(教材P9) Above
all，Hawking
was
willing
to
admit
his
faults.
最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。
[例1] It
was
all
my
fault.这都是我的错。
[例2] There
is
a
fault
in
this
machine.
这台机器出了故障。
[翻译] 她最大的缺点是话太多。
Her
greatest
fault
is
that
she
talks
too
much.
[知识拓展]
find
fault
with
sb.
挑剔某人；对某人吹毛求疵find
fault
in
看出……的缺点；找出……的毛病
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
is
always
finding
fault
with
me，which
makes
me
very
angry.
②I
can't
find
fault
in
your
paper.It
is
perfect.
Sentence
Pattern
“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级
(教材P7) Perhaps
no
other
scientist
has
had
a
greater
impact
on
China's
aerospace
science
than
Qian
Xuesen.
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
句式分析：句中no...greater...than为“否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than”结构，表示最高级。
[例1] Unfortunately，the
technology
of
climate
change
is
no
simpler
than
anything
else.
不走运的是，改变气候的科技比任何事情都要复杂。
[例2] What
a
wonderful
novel！I
have
never
read
a
more
moving
one.
多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。
[翻译] 再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。
No
other
book
has
had
a
greater
effect
on
my
life.
[知识拓展]
表示最高级意义的其他常见结构：
never＋比较级
nothing/no＋so＋原级＋as...
nothing/no＋比较级＋than...
比较级＋than＋
[即学即练] 完成句子
①I
have
never
spent
a
more
worrying
day．
我从来没有经历过比这更令人担忧的一天了。
②Tom
is
more
intelligent
than
any
other
student/all
the
other
students
in
his
class.
汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
③Nothing
is
as/so
important
as(＝more
important
than)
practice.
实践最重要。
数据信息题——“加减乘除”法
[典例剖析]
In
a
recycling
economy，we
would
make
one
set
of
100
cans
to
start
with，then
replace
them
over
and
over
again
with
recycled
cans.Since
almost
3%
of
the
metal
is
lost
during
reprocessing，we'd
have
to
make
an
extra
10
cans
each
year.
－and
we'll
still
have
100
left
over
for
the
next
cat.
How
many
cans
will
be
used
up
in
a
cat's
15?year
lifetime
in
a
recycling
economy?
A．50. B．100. C．150.
D．250.Ｋ
★试题特点
数据信息题一般需要根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，通过计算(加减乘除)，得出正确的结论。
★解题思路
Step
1：确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体部分)；
Step
2：根据关键词定位信息句；
Step
3：尝试解答——根据信息句可知，在循环经济中，要养活一只存活15年的猫需要用掉150个罐。故选C。
★名师点津
(1)简单的数据可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基础，进行简单的运算。
(2)数据较多的文章，通常采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。
[即学即练]
A
For
Sale(出售)One?bedroom
apartmentIt's
near
No.1
High
School.There
is
a
park，a
library
and
a
supermarket
near
here.Right
price.Tel：86825044Time：10：00
a．m.－4：00
p．m.
City
English
CenterGood
English
teachers
give
classes
from
8：00
a．m.
to
11：00
a．m.on
weekends.Classes
are
￥50
an
hour.Please
call
Lisa
at
53545156
on
weekdays.Time：9：00
a．m.－4：00
p．m.
For
RentOne
hundred
bikes.All
bikes
are
new
and
colorful.It's
near
the
Center
Hospital.Ten
yuan
a
day.Call
Mr.Li
at
33843535
every
day.
FoundA
green
MP4
on
the
playground
on
Monday
evening.See
Lin
Tao
in
Class
4，Grade
7.Room
518，Building
B.
If
Kangkang
wants
to
learn
English
on
Saturday，it'll
cost
him
a
day.
A．￥50 B．￥100 C．￥150 D．￥200
C [浏览题目后可知，答案应该在第二个表格City
English
Center内寻找。阅读表格内信息可以得知，英语课一小时50元，从8：00～11：00一天上课3小时。题目中问康康在周六学英语，一天需花费多少钱？通过分析可得50元/小时×3小时＝150元。因此答案选择C。]
B
“Let's
go
down
one
more，push
your
enter
key...”
says
a
volunteer
helping
senior
citizens
work
a
web
session
on
the
Internet.
David
Lansdale
has
found
a
way
to
light
up
the
lives
of
the
elderly.He
gets
them
wired
to
the
Internet.“If
you
hit
your
enter
key，it
will
bring
up
this
particular
e?mail...”
Pauline
Allen
is
one
of
those
who
has
started
using
the
Internet.“I
thought
I
was
through
with
life，I
was
ready
for
a
rocking
chair，because
I
was
86
years
old.And
I
haven't
found
the
rocking
chair
yet.”“You
found
the
keyboard？”
asks
the
reporter.“That's
right，I
found
the
keyboard.”
The
average
age
of
Lansdale's
students
is
around
68.All
are
in
nursing
or
assisted
care
homes.He
used
family
relationships
to
introduce
them
to
the
World
Wide
Web.
David
Lansdale
says，“Here
they
are
in
California，the
family
was
back
in
New
York，the
opportunity
to
connect，to
cross
the
time
and
space，was
incredibly
precious
opportunity
to
them.”
“I
hear
you
are
so
beautiful.”
Lillian
Sher
writes
an
e?mail
to
a
newborn
great
granddaughter.
Working
with
one
another，the
senior
learn
as
a
group.They
learn
to
master
the
Internet
and
to
overcome
what
Lansdale
calls
the
maladies
of
the
institutionalized：loneliness，helplessness，boredom，and
loss
of
memory.
Mary
Harvey
says，“Bingo
just
doesn't
interest
me.But
this
does，believe
me，this
does.”
Ninety?four
year
old
Ruth
Hyman
is
a
star
pupil
and
instructor.She
says，“When
I
send
a
letter
to
my
grandchildren，and
great
grandchildren，they
hang
it
up
in
their
offices，just
like
I
used
to
hang
their
drawings
on
my
refrigerator.Ha，ha.”
David
Lansdale
says，“There's
a
collective
benefit.There
is
an
element
of
treatment.Remember
we
started
as
a
support
group.”
Dixon
Moorehouse
says，“I
just
wish
I
was
15
years
old
and
getting
to
learn
all
this.”
The
senior
call
their
weekly
meetings
Monday
Night
Live.And
many
say
the
meetings
have
given
them
new
life.
Ruth
Hyman
says，“Three
years
ago，they
told
me
I
wasn't
going
to
live.But
I
showed
them，and
got
work，and
I've
worked
ever
since.”
How
many
examples
does
the
writer
give
to
prove
that
the
senior
enjoy
the
Internet?
A．Four.
B．Five.
C．Six.
D．Seven.
B [本文主要讲述老年人学习上网的情况，其中David
Lansdale是这一活动的举办者，不应算在本题所要求的数目之内，末段的Ruth
Hyman前文已经出现，不应重复计数，故文章中所列实例分别是：Pauline
Allen、Lillian
Sher、Mary
Harvey、Ruth
Hyman和Dixon
Moorehouse共五人。故选项B正确。]
6/8速读P2－3教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．In
the
early
19th
century，millions
of
people
died
from
cholera.
A．Right.
B．Wrong. C．Not
mentioned.
2．Snow
thought
that
cholera
was
caused
by
an
infection
from
germs
in
food
or
water.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．The
people
worked
in
the
pub
at
7
Cambridge
Street
all
died
from
cholera.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．Some
scientists
strongly
advised
Snow
to
have
the
handle
of
the
pump
removed.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．Snow
is
the
first
one
to
use
maps
and
statistics
to
study
diseases.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 AABCA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．that
bad
air
caused
the
disease
B．how
it
could
be
overcome
C．how
cholera
spread
D．that
the
water
from
the
Broad
Street
pump
had
been
infected
E．that
the
pump
water
carried
cholera
germs
F．that
the
water
pump
was
to
blame
1．Cholera
used
to
be
one
of
the
most
feared
diseases
in
the
world，until
a
British
doctor，John
Snow，showed
．
2．In
general，doctors
in
those
days
had
two
contradictory
theories
to
explain
．
3．One
theory
was
．
4．Snow
suspected
．
5．As
a
result
of
this
evidence，John
Snow
was
able
to
announce
．
6．The
truth
was
by
waste.
[答案] 1－6 BCAFED
Ⅲ.表格填空
JOHN
SNOW
DEFEATS
“KING
CHOLERA”
Cholera
◆It
used
to
be
one
of
the
most
feared
1.diseases
in
the
world.◆It
causes
2.severe
diarrhoea，dehydration，and
even
death.◆In
the
early
19th
century，millions
of
people
3.died
from
the
disease.
Two
contradictory
theories
◆One
theory
was
that
4.bad
air
caused
the
disease.◆Another
was
that
cholera
was
caused
by
an
infection
from
5.germs
in
food
or
water.
John
Snow
◆As
a
young
doctor，he
became
6.frustrated
because
no
one
knew
how
to
prevent
or
treat
cholera.◆He
desired
to
destroy
cholera
7.once
and
for
all.◆In
his
use
of
8.maps
and
statistics，he
found
out
why
and
9.transformed
the
way
scientists
study
diseases.◆For
this
reason，he
10.is
considered
the
father
of
modern
epidemiology.
细读P2－3教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
段落
主旨大意
1.Paragraph
12.Paragraph
23.Paragraph
34.Paragraph
45.Paragraph
5
A.Snow
began
his
study
by
marking
on
a
map.B.John
Snow
wanted
to
destroy
cholera.C.John
Snow
decided
to
prove
the
second
theory.D.Snow
is
considered
the
father
of
modern
epidemiology.E.The
water
from
the
pump
had
been
infected
by
waste.
[答案] 1－5 BCAED
Ⅱ.阅读理解
1．What
did
John
Snow
desire
to
do
as
a
young
doctor?
A．To
be
a
world?famous
doctor.
B．To
attend
to
Queen
Victoria.
C．To
prevent
or
treat
cholera.
D．To
create
a
new
theory.
2．What
did
John
Snow
think
the
reason
of
cholera
was?
A．It
was
caused
by
bad
air
in
the
sky.
B．It
was
caused
by
cholera
germs.
C．It
was
caused
by
severe
diarrhoea.
D．It
was
caused
by
food
or
water.
3．Which
house
number
has
many
deaths?
A．38
Broad
Street.
B．21
Broad
Street.
C．8
Cambridge
Street.
D．9
Cambridge
Street.
4．Why
is
Snow
considered
the
father
of
modern
epidemiology?
A．Because
he
changed
the
way
to
study
diseases.
B．Because
he
knew
how
to
prevent
and
treat
cholera.
C．Because
he
made
cholera
disappear
in
the
world.
D．Because
he
announced
the
pump
water
carried
cholera
germs.
[答案] 1－4 CBAA
Ⅲ.读后续写微技能——人物心理活动
A．阅读课文中含有人物心理活动的语句。
1．As
a
young
doctor，John
Snow
became
frustrated
because
no
one
knew
how
to
prevent
or
treat
cholera.
2．However，he
never
lost
his
desire
to
destroy
cholera
once
and
for
all.
3．Snow
subscribed
to
the
second
theory.
4．He
was
determined
to
find
out
why.
B．判断下列句子是否为表示人物心理活动的句子。
1．Snow
suspected
that
the
water
pump
was
to
blame.
(是)
2．Fortunately，we
now
know
how
to
prevent
cholera，thanks
to
the
work
of
John
Snow.
(是)
3．For
this
reason，Snow
is
considered
the
father
of
modern
epidemiology.
(是)
4．In
time，he
rose
to
become
a
famous
doctor，and
even
attended
to
Queen
Victoria
when
she
gave
birth.
(不是)
5．Snow
began
by
marking
on
a
map
the
exact
places
where
all
those
who
died
had
lived.
(不是)
3/4课时分层作业(一)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语提示写出单词。
1．The
evidence
demonstrates
how
easily
people
can
hold
contradictory
(相互矛盾的)
beliefs.
2．Was
his
mother
too
severe
(严厉)
on
him?
3．The
driver
of
the
crashed
car
received
multiple
(多样的)
injuries.
4．We
should
transform
our
subjective
world
while
transforming
(改变)
the
objective
world.
5．According
to
official
statistics
(统计数字)，the
island
had
37
people.
6．The
traffic
accidents
in
the
city
decreased
(减少)
last
year.
7．They
made
substantial
(重大的)
changes
to
the
arrangements.
8．The
prime
minister
was
always
demanding
active
intervention
(干涉)
early
on.
9．The
police
have
now
narrowed
down
their
list
of
suspects
(犯罪嫌疑人)．
10．He
was
not
displeased
at
the
way
he
had
handled
(处理)
the
problem.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
John
von
Neumann
was
the
oldest
of
3
children
of
a
banker，and
his
speed
of
learning
new
ideas
and
of
solving
problems
stood
out
early.At
17，his
father
tried
to
persuade
him
not
to
become
a
mathematician
because
he
may
lead
a
poor
life
being
a
mathematician，and
so
von
Neumann
agreed
to
study
chemistry
as
well.In
1926，at
23，he
received
a
degree
in
chemical
engineering
and
a
Ph.D.in
mathematics.From
then
on，mathematics
provided
well
enough
for
him，and
he
never
had
to
turn
to
chemistry.
In
1930，von
Neumann
visited
Princeton
University
for
a
year
and
then
became
a
professor
there.His
first
book
was
published
in
1932.In
1933，the
Institute
for
Advanced
Study
was
formed，and
he
became
one
of
the
6
full?time
people(Einstein
was
one
of
the
others)in
the
School
of
Mathematics.
World
War
Ⅱ
hugely
changed
von
Neumann's
areas
of
interest.Until
1940
he
had
been
a
great
pure(纯粹的)mathematician.During
and
after
the
war，he
became
one
of
the
best
mathematicians
who
put
mathematics
theories
into
practice.During
the
last
part
of
the
war
he
became
interested
in
computing
machines
and
made
several
fundamental
contributions.After
the
war，von
Neumann
continued
his
work
with
computers，and
was
generally
very
active
in
government
service.He
received
many
awards，was
president
of
the
American
Mathematical
Society
and
was
a
member
of
the
Atomic
Energy
Commission.He
died
in
1957
of
cancer.
Von
Neumann
made
several
great
contributions
and
any
one
of
them
would
have
been
enough
to
earn
him
a
firm
place
history.He
will
be
remembered
as
one
of
the
greatest
minds
of
the
20th
century.
Von
Neumann
really
was
a
legend(传奇)in
his
own
time，and
there
are
a
number
of
stories
about
him.His
driving
ability
is
a
part
of
this
legend.He
reported
one
accident
this
way，“I
was
driving
down
the
road.The
trees
on
the
right
were
passing
me
in
an
orderly
fashion
at
60
miles
per
hour.Suddenly
one
of
them
stepped
in
my
path.”
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了伟大的数学家John
von
Neumann(约翰·冯·诺依曼)的生平事迹。
1．According
to
the
text，von
Neumann's
father
believed
that
．
A．a
mathematician
couldn't
earn
a
lot
of
money
B．a
mathematician
needed
a
good
memory
C．von
Neumann
had
the
ability
to
learn
two
subjects
at
the
same
time
D．von
Neumann
had
a
gift
for
solving
problems
at
a
high
speed
A [细节理解题。根据第一段“his
father
tried
to
persuade
him
not
to
become
a
mathematician
because
he
may
lead
a
poor
life
being
a
mathematician”可知，他的父亲认为数学家的生活可能会比较清贫。]
2．Von
Neumann
published
his
first
book
at
the
age
of
．
A．23 B．26 C．29 D．32
C [推理判断题。根据第一段“In
1926，at
23...”和第二段“His
first
book
was
published
in
1932.”不难得出，他29岁时出版了第一本书。]
3．How
did
World
War
Ⅱ
affect
John
von
Neumann?
A．He
realized
the
importance
of
engineering.
B．He
began
to
research
how
to
put
mathematics
into
practice.
C．He
left
college
and
served
at
the
government
department.
D．He
lost
interest
in
chemistry.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段前三句可知，第二次世界大战使他的兴趣从纯粹数学领域转到了应用数学领域。]
4．Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
of
von
Neumann?
A．He
had
three
children.
B．He
died
from
an
accident.
C．He
received
many
awards
in
his
life.
D．He
and
Einstein
were
classmates
in
Princeton
University.
C [细节理解题。A选项对第一段第一句话可知，A选项错误；由第三段末句可知，B选项错误；由第三段第六句可知，C选项正确；由第二段末句可知，D选项错误。]
B
One
morning，more
than
a
hundred
years
ago，an
American
inventor
called
Elias
Howe
finally
fell
asleep.He
had
been
working
all
night
on
the
design
of
a
sewing
machine
but
he
had
run
into
a
very
difficult
problem：It
seemed
impossible
to
get
the
thread
to
run
smoothly
around
the
needle.
Though
he
was
tired，Howe
slept
badly.He
turned
and
turned.Then
he
had
a
dream.He
dreamt
that
he
had
been
caught
by
terrible
savages
whose
king
wanted
to
kill
him
and
eat
him
unless
he
could
build
a
perfect
sewing
machine.When
he
tried
to
do
so，Howe
ran
into
the
same
problem
as
before.The
thread
kept
getting
caught
around
the
needle.The
king
flew
into
the
cage
and
ordered
his
soldiers
to
kill
Howe.They
came
up
towards
him
with
their
spears
raised.But
suddenly
the
inventor
noticed
something.There
was
a
hole
in
the
tip
of
each
spear.The
inventor
awoke
from
the
dream，realizing
that
he
had
just
found
the
answer
to
the
problem.Instead
of
trying
to
get
the
thread
to
run
around
the
needle，he
should
make
it
run
through
a
small
hole
in
the
centre
of
the
needle.This
was
the
simple
idea
that
finally
made
Howe
design
and
build
the
first
really
practised
sewing
machine.
Elias
Howe
was
not
the
only
one
in
finding
the
answer
to
his
problem
in
this
way.
Thomas
Edison，the
inventor
of
the
electric
light，said
his
best
ideas
came
into
him
in
dreams.So
did
the
great
physicist
Albert
Einstein.Charlotte
Bronte
also
drew
in
her
dreams
in
writing
Jane
Eyre.
To
know
the
value
of
dreams，you
have
to
understand
what
happens
when
you
are
asleep.Even
then，a
part
of
your
mind
is
still
working.This
unconscious(无意识的)，but
still
active
part
understands
your
experiences
and
goes
to
work
on
the
problems
you
have
had
during
the
day.It
stores
all
sorts
of
information
that
you
may
have
forgotten
or
never
have
really
noticed.It
is
only
when
you
fall
asleep
that
this
part
of
the
brain
can
send
messages
to
the
part
you
use
when
you
are
awake.However，the
unconscious
part
acts
in
a
special
way.It
uses
strange
images
which
the
conscious
part
may
not
understand
at
first.This
is
why
dreams
are
sometimes
called
“secret
messages
to
ourselves”．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲了许多发明源于科学家梦中的灵感。梦有时被称为“我们自己的秘密信息”，因为奇怪的影像被用于交流想法。
5．The
problem
Howe
was
trying
to
solve
was
．
A．what
kind
of
thread
to
use
B．how
to
design
a
needle
which
would
not
break
C．where
to
put
the
needle
D．how
to
prevent
the
thread
from
getting
caught
around
the
needle
D [细节理解题。答案定位在第二段“The
thread
kept
getting
caught
around
the
needle.”可知Howe努力解决的问题是怎样解决线不断地被针卡住，故选D。]
6．Thomas
Edison
is
spoken
of
because
．
A．he
also
tried
to
invent
a
sewing
machine
B．he
got
some
of
his
ideas
from
dreams
C．he
was
one
of
Howe's
best
friends
D．he
also
had
difficulty
in
falling
asleep
B [细节理解题。答案定位在第四段“Thomas
Edison，the
inventor
of
the
electric
light，said
his
best
ideas
came
into
him
in
dreams.”可知谈到托马斯·爱迪生是因为他从梦中获得了一些创造的灵感，故选B。]
7．Dreams
are
sometimes
called
“secret
messages
to
ourselves”
because
．
A．strange
images
are
used
to
communicate
ideas
B．images
which
have
no
meaning
are
used
C．we
can
never
understand
the
real
meaning
D．only
specially
trained
people
can
understand
them
A [细节理解题。答案定位在最后一段“It
uses
strange
images
which
the
conscious
part
may
not
understand
at
first.This
is
why
dreams
are
sometimes
called
‘secret
messages
to
ourselves’．”可知梦有时被称为“我们自己的秘密信息”是因为奇怪的影像被用于交流想法，故选A。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
No
one
likes
to
fail.Whether
it's
at
work，at
home，or
in
another
area
of
your
life，failure
is
painful
and
it
can
also
be
costly
in
terms
of
time，money，or
both.
1
If
you
never
suffer
a
failure，then
you're
probably
not
pushing
yourself
to
your
full
potential.The
following
are
some
tips
on
how
to
pick
yourself
up
after
you've
failed.
Remember
that
other
people
fail
too.
2
They'll
tell
you
about
that
great
new
contract
they
signed，not
the
deal
that
failed
eventually
though
they
worked
on
it
for
months.But
failure
is
normal，and
lots
of
people
fail
time
and
time
again
before
meeting
with
success.
Remind
yourself
of
your
past
successes.Failing
doesn't
mean
that
you're
worthless，or
that
you'll
never
achieve
the
things
you
want.
3
Maybe
you
had
high
marks
last
term，or
you
lost
weight，or
you
learned
to
play
a
musical
instrument.You
might
want
to
write
down
a
list
of
successes—things
that
you've
accomplished
over
the
past
few
years，whether
big
or
small.If
you
ever
lack
confidence，you
can
go
back
and
read
over
that
list.
4
Your
past
successes
are
important，but
so
are
your
past
failures.You've
made
mistakes
before，and
you've
survived
them.Perhaps
you
did
badly
in
an
exam，or
lost
your
temper
and
had
to
apologize.It's
not
fun
to
think
about
the
times
when
things
went
wrong，but
by
acknowledging
your
failures，you
can
remind
yourself
that
today
is
no
different.Just
as
you
recovered
in
the
past，you
can
recover
from
your
recent
failure
too.
5
Whatever
went
wrong，you're
probably
facing
some
sort
of
decision.Don't
rush
into
making
hasty
decision，but
do
look
for
a
forward
path.That
might
require
some
deep
thinking.
A．Make
a
decision.
B．Limit
the
damage
caused.
C．Remind
yourself
of
your
past
failures.
D．However，failure
is
a
normal
part
of
life.
E．Get
some
advice
and
support
from
others.
F．Most
people
don't
talk
openly
about
their
failures.
G．Think
of
all
the
times
in
the
past
when
you've
succeeded.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论“失败”。失败是生活中很正常的一部分，大多数人不会公开谈论他们的失败。你过去的成功很重要，但你过去的失败也很重要。要提醒自己过去的失败。
1．D [上文提示“无论是在工作中，在家里，还是在生活的其他方面，失败都是痛苦的，而且在时间、金钱方面，或者两者兼而有之。”再根据下文提示“如果你从未经历过失败，那么你可能并没有将自己的潜力发挥到极致。”承接上下文，D项“However，failure
is
a
normal
part
of
life.”(然而，失败是生活中很正常的一部分。)切题。]
2．F [上文提示“记住，别人也会失败。”承接上文，F项“Most
people
don't
talk
openly
about
their
failures.”(大多数人不会公开谈论他们的失败。)切题。该项中的don't
talk
openly和上文的other
people
fail
too相吻合。]
3．G [上文提示“失败并不意味着你一文不值，或者你永远无法实现你想要的东西。”再根据下文提示“也许你上学期成绩很好，也许你减肥了，也许你学会了演奏乐器。”承接上下文，G项“Think
of
all
the
times
in
the
past
when
you've
succeeded.”(想想过去你成功的所有时刻。)切题。]
4．C [下文提示“你过去的成功很重要，但你过去的失败也很重要。”承接下文，C项“Remind
yourself
of
your
past
failures.”(提醒自己过去的失败。)切题。]
5．A [下文提示“不管出了什么问题，你都可能面临某种决定。”承接下文，A项“Make
a
decision.”(做出一个决定。)切题。]
7/7The
attitude
of
science
is
being
practical
and
realistic.科学的态度是实事求是。
—Qian
Xuesen
Studying
knowledge
needs
thinking
again
and
again，which
is
a
learning
method
helping
me
become
a
scientist.
学习知识要善于思考、思考、再思考，我就是靠这个学习方法才成为科学家。
—Albert
Einstein
Imagination
is
more
important
than
knowledge，for
knowledge
is
limited
while
imagination
embraces
the
entire
world，pushes
improvement
and
is
the
source
of
knowledge
evolution.
想象力比知识更重要，因为知识是有限的，而想象力包罗万象，推动着进步，并且是知识进化的源泉。
—Albert
Einstein
Science
is
unpredictable.If
I
had
known
it，I
would
have
found
it
before.
科学是不可预测的。如果我知道的话，我早就把它做出来了。
—Stephen
Hawking
Scientific
conclusions
are
the
gold
with
limited
amount；while
scientific
means
is
the
magic
that
can
be
utilized
to
produce
endless
amount
of
gold.
科学结论，是点成的金，量中有限；科学方法，是点石的指，可以产生无穷的金。
—Cai
Yuanpei
The
development
of
science
and
technology
will
bring
people
much
more
convenience.Firstly，we
can
get
more
and
more
information
through
the
Internet，broadcast
and
television，and
we
can
touch
the
news
very
easily.Technology
makes
a
great
contribution
to
those.And
if
you
want
to
go
travelling，you
could
find
the
related
travel
agencies
and
go
anywhere
as
you
want.Owing
to
science，a
lot
of
patients
recover
very
well.Science
and
technology
is
also
available
to
agriculture
to
a
great
extent.According
to
science，we
can
use
a
little
room
to
plant
more
and
more
rice.We
can
eat
high
quality
vegetables
and
so
on.
Actually，science
and
technology
can
let
us
know
more
about
the
world
in
which
we
live，and
help
us
do
many
things
very
easily.
Albert
Einstein
was
born
in
Ulm，Germany
in
1879.When
he
was
a
boy，he
liked
to
ask
questions.By
the
time
he
was
fourteen
years
old，he
had
learned
advanced
mathematics
all
by
himself.He
wanted
to
be
a
physicist
and
devote
himself
to
abstract(抽象的)
research.
However，his
family
could
not
pay
for
the
advanced
education
that
young
Albert
needed.But
his
parents
did
manage
to
send
him
to
a
technical
school.After
graduation，he
went
to
work.With
the
pay
that
he
received，he
was
later
able
to
go
on
with
his
education
at
the
University
of
Zurich，where
he
received
a
doctor's
degree
in
1905.This
was
the
period
when
he
first
began
the
research
and
studies
which
led
to
his
famous
“Theory
of
Relativity”．
Einstein
cared
little
for
money.He
once
refused
to
speak
on
the
radio
for
$1，000
a
minute.Another
time
he
was
seen
using
a
check
for
$1，500
as
a
bookmark.Then
he
lost
the
book!
Besides
his
work
in
physics，he
spent
much
time
working
for
human
rights
and
progress.
[探索发现]
1．Find
out
the
main
idea
of
the
passage
and
then
think
of
a
proper
title
for
it.
The
passage
mainly
tells
us
something
about
Albert
Einstein.The
best
title
is
“Albert
Einstein”．
2．Find
out
what
Albert
Einstein
would
like
to
be
when
young.
A
physicist.
3．Find
out
what
Albert
Einstein's
attitude
towards
money.
Einstein
cared
little
for
money.
2/3Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
第一组
( )1.severe
A．n.感染；传染
( )2.contradictory
B．adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
( )3.infection
C．adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
( )4.multiple
D．n.一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子
的人
( )5.household
E．adj.数量多的；多种多样的
( )6.intervention
F．adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原
始的
( )7.raw
G．adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
( )8.substantial
H．n.介入；出面；干涉
( )9.statistic
I．n.显微镜
( )10.microscope
J．n.
[pl.]
统计数字；统计资料；统计学
[答案] 1－5 BCAED 6－10 HFGJI
第二组
( )1.thinking
A．n.蛋白质
( )2.protein
B．n.病毒
( )3.cell
C．n.思想；思维；见解
( )4.virus
D．adj.最初的；开始的；第一的
( )5.initial
E．n.细胞；小房间；单间牢房
( )6.framework
F．n.彩虹
( )7.rainbow
G．n.框架；结构
( )8.concrete
H．n.领导；领导地位；领导才能
( )9.mechanic
I．n.机械师；机械修理工
( )10.leadership
J．n.混凝土adj.混凝土制的；确实的；
具体的
[答案] 1－5 CAEBD 6－10 GFJIH
B．短语匹配
( )1.once
and
for
all
A．同意；赞同
( )2.subscribe
to
B．幸亏；由于
( )3.thanks
to
C．水泵
( )4.water
pump
D．最终地；彻底地
( )5.theoretical
framework
E．(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然
开始；爆发
( )6.break
out
F．理论框架
( )7.in
charge
of
G．下降；坠落
( )8.come
down
H．最重要的是；尤其是
( )9.above
all
I．主管；掌管
[答案] 1－5 DABCF 6－9 EIGH
Ⅱ.默写单词
第一组
1．subscribe
vi.
认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
2．proof
n.
证据；证明；检验
3．suspect
vt.&
vi.
怀疑；疑有；不信任
n.
犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
4．blame
vt.
把……归咎于；责怪；指责
n.
责备；指责
5．handle
n.
把手；拉手；柄
vt.
处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
6．link
n.
联系；纽带
vt.
把……连接起来；相关联
7．decrease
n.
减少；降低；减少量
vt.&
vi.
(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
8．transform
vt.
使改观；使改变形态
vi.
改变；转变
9．finding
n.
发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
10．solid
adj.
可靠的；固体的；坚实的
n.
固体
第二组
1．cast
vt.
投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
2．shadow
n.
阴影；影子；背光处
3．pour
vt.
倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
4．defend
vt.
保卫；防守；辩解
5．assistant
n.
助理；助手
6．outstanding
adj.
优秀的；杰出的；明显的
7．gifted
adj.
有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
8．brilliant
adj.
聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
9．fault
n.
弱点；过错
10．shift
n.
改变；转换；轮班
vi.&
vt.
转移；挪动；转向
Ⅰ.语境填空
suspect；blame；subscribe；decrease；link；handle；pour；transform；outstanding；defend
1．I
subscribed
to
a
morning
paper.
2．We
all
suspect
the
truth
of
the
report.
3．My
brother
broke
the
window，but
I
got
the
blame．
4．Do
you
know
how
to
handle
the
machine?
5．Is
there
a
link
between
lung
disease
and
smoking?
6．The
unemployment
rate
of
the
country
decreased
last
year.
7．A
new
colour
scheme
will
transform
your
bedroom.
8．Andy
poured
the
glass
full
and
lifted
it
to
Bobby.
9．The
accused
man
had
a
lawyer
to
defend
him.
10．Her
late
husband
was
an
outstanding
scientist.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．If
the
primary
infection
(infect)
is
not
treated，further
outbreaks
may
occur.
2．We
would
resist
any
armed
intervention
(intervene)
from
outside
in
our
country's
affairs.
3．An
accident
was
avoided
by
his
quick
thinking
(think)．
4．The
findings
(find)
of
the
commission
have
not
yet
been
made
public.
5．The
mechanic
(machine)
was
busy
repairing
the
machine.
6．I'll
ask
my
personal
assistant
(assist)
to
deal
with
this.
7．He
was
praised
for
his
firm
leadership
(leader)．
8．Their
helpers
are
gifted
(gift)
with
amazing
powers
of
patience.
9．He
did
something
contradictory
(contradict)
to
his
orders.
10．The
blood
on
his
shoes
was
a
proof
(prove)
of
his
guilt.
1．This
illness
causes
severe
diarrhoea，dehydration，and
even
death.
这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。
2．As
a
young
doctor，John
Snow
became
frustrated
because
no
one
knew
how
to
prevent
or
treat
cholera.
作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。
3．In
general，doctors
in
those
days
had
two
contradictory
theories
to
explain
how
cholera
spread.
一般来说，当时的医生对解释霍乱的传播有两种相互矛盾的理论。
4．Snow
suspected
that
the
water
pump
was
to
blame.
斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。
5．Through
this
intervention，the
disease
was
stopped
in
its
tracks.
通过这种干预，这种疾病的蔓延被立即阻止了。
词语助读
①used
to
过去时常；过去曾(而现在不再)做
②one
of
the
most
feared
diseases最可怕的疾病之一
③cause
severe
diarrhoea导致严重的腹泻
④an
outbreak
of
cholera爆发霍乱
⑤die
from死于
⑥become
frustrated变得沮丧
⑦in
time最后
⑧attend
to照料；照顾
⑨give
birth生孩子
⑩once
and
for
all最终地；彻底地
?in
general一般而言
?two
contradictory
theories两种相互矛盾的理论
?an
infection
from
germs细菌感染
?subscribe
to同意；赞同
?need
proof需要证据
?begin
to
investigate开始调查
?more
than
500
people
500多人
?be
determined
to
do...决心做某事
?find
out
why找出原因
?mark
on
a
map在地图上标出
multiple
deaths多人死亡
house
numbers门牌号
some
households一些家庭
such
as例如
free
beer免费的啤酒
suspect
vt.怀疑
be
to
blame对某事应负责任
what
is
more而且，此外
die
of死于
move
away搬走
have
sth.done使某事被做
as
a
result
of由于
accordingly
adv.因此
the
handle
of
the
pump水泵的把手
through
this
intervention通过这种干预
in
one's
tracks立即
moreover
adv.再者，此外，而且
a
link
between...and...……与……之间的联系
water
companies供水公司
raw
waste未经处理的废物
be
likely
to
do...很可能做某事
get
cholera得霍乱
boiled
water白开水
tireless
efforts不懈努力
around
the
world全世界
a
substantial
decrease大幅减少
millions
of
people数百万人
prevent
cholera预防霍乱
thanks
to幸亏；由于
statistic
n．统计数字
transform
vt.改变
for
this
reason由于这个原因
modern
epidemiology现代流行病学
原文呈现
JOHN
SNOW
DEFEATS
“KING
CHOLERA”
Cholera
used
to①
be
one
of
the
most
feared
diseases②
in
the
world，until
a
British
doctor，John
Snow，showed
how
it
could
be
overcome(1)．This
illness
causes
severe
diarrhoea③，dehydration，and
even
death.In
the
early
19th
century，when
an
outbreak
of
cholera④
hit
Europe(2)，millions
of
people
died
from⑤
the
disease.As
a
young
doctor，John
Snow
became
frustrated⑥
because
no
one
knew
how
to
prevent
or
treat
cholera(3)．In
time⑦，he
rose
to
become
a
famous
doctor，and
even
attended
to⑧
Queen
Victoria
when
she
gave
birth⑨(4)．However，he
never
lost
his
desire
to
destroy
cholera
once
and
for
all⑩.
(1)until引导时间状语从句，其中how...be
overcome为宾语从句。
(2)when引导时间状语从句。
(3)because引导原因状语从句。
(4)when引导时间状语从句。
In
general?，doctors
in
those
days
had
two
contradictory
theories?
to
explain
how
cholera
spread(5)．One
theory
was
that
bad
air
caused
the
disease(6)．Another
was
that
cholera
was
caused
by
an
infection
from
germs?
in
food
or
water(7)．Snow
subscribed
to?
the
second
theory.It
was
correct，but
he
still
needed
proof?.Consequently，when
an
outbreak
of
cholera
hit
London
in
1854(8)，Snow
began
to
investigate?.He
discovered
that
in
two
particular
streets
the
cholera
outbreak
was
so
severe
that
more
than
500
people?
died
in
ten
days(9)．He
was
determined
to?
find
out
why?.
(5)不定式短语作名词theories的后置定语，其中how
cholera
spread为宾语从句。
(6)that引导表语从句。
(7)
that引导表语从句。
(8)when引导时间状语从句。
(9)第一个that引导宾语从句，其中so...that...引导结果状语从句。
Snow
began
by
marking
on
a
map?
the
exact
places
where
all
those
who
died
had
lived(10)．There
were
multiple
deaths
near
the
water
pump
in
Broad
Street
(especially
house
numbers
16，37，38，and
40)．However，some
households
(such
as
20
and
21
Broad
Street，and
8
and
9
Cambridge
Street)
had
had
no
deaths.These
people
worked
in
the
pub
at
7
Cambridge
Street.They
had
been
given
free
beer，and
so
had
not
drunk
the
water
from
the
pump(11)．Snow
suspected
that
the
water
pump
was
to
blame(12)．What
is
more，in
another
part
of
London，a
woman
and
her
daughter
had
died
of
cholera
after
moving
away
from
Broad
Street.It
seemed
that
the
woman
liked
the
water
from
the
pump
so
much
that
she
had
it
delivered
to
her
house
every
day(13)．As
a
result
of
this
evidence，John
Snow
was
able
to
announce
that
the
pump
water
carried
cholera
germs(14)．Accordingly，he
had
the
handle
of
the
pump
removed
so
that
it
could
not
be
used(15)．Through
this
intervention，the
disease
was
stopped
in
its
tracks.
(10)where引导定语从句，修饰先行词places，其中who
died也是一个定语从句，修饰先行词those。
(11)and
so因而，连接两个并列谓语。
(12)that引导宾语从句。
(13)固定句式It
seemed
that...似乎……，其中so...that...引导结果状语从句。
(14)
that引导宾语从句。
(15)so
that...引导目的状语从句。
The
truth
was
that
the
water
from
the
Broad
Street
pump
had
been
infected
by
waste(16)．Moreover，Snow
was
later
able
to
show
a
link
between
other
cases
of
cholera
and
the
different
water
companies
in
London.Some
companies
sold
water
from
the
River
Thames
that
was
polluted
by
raw
waste(17)．The
people
who
drank
this
water
were
much
more
likely
to
get
cholera
than
those
who
drank
pure
or
boiled
water(18)．
(16)that引导表语从句。
(17)
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词water。
(18)who引导定语从句，第一个定语从句的先行词为people；第二个定语从句的先行词为those。
Through
Snow's
tireless
efforts，water
companies
began
to
sell
clean
water，and
the
threat
of
cholera
around
the
world
saw
a
substantial
decrease(19)．However，cholera
is
still
a
problem.Each
year，millions
of
people
around
the
world
get
cholera
and
many
die
from
it(20)．Fortunately，we
now
know
how
to
prevent
cholera(21)，thanks
to
the
work
of
John
Snow.Moreover，in
his
use
of
maps
and
statistics，Snow
transformed
the
way
scientists
study
diseases(22)．For
this
reason，Snow
is
considered
the
father
of
modern
epidemiology(23)．
(19)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句。
(20)
and连接表示顺承关系的并列句。
(21)“疑问词＋不定式短语”作宾语。
(22)省略关系词that或in
which的定语从句，修饰先行词the
way。
(23)名词短语作主语补足语。
译文参考
约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何战胜它。这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。19世纪初，欧洲爆发霍乱，数百万人死于这种疾病。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。后来，他成为一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王生孩子的时候照顾她。然而，他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。
一般来说，当时的医生对解释霍乱的传播有两种相互矛盾的理论。有一种理论是恶劣的空气导致了这种疾病。另一种观点是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。斯诺赞同第二种理论。这是对的，但他仍然需要证据。因此，当1854年伦敦爆发霍乱时，斯诺开始调查。他发现，在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。他决心找出原因。
斯诺首先在地图上标出了所有死者曾经居住过的确切地点。布罗德街的水泵附近有多人死亡(尤其是门牌号16号、37号、38号和40号)。然而，一些家庭(如布罗德街20号和21号，剑桥街8号和9号)没有死亡。这些人在剑桥街7号的酒吧里工作。他们得到了免费的啤酒，所以没有喝这个水泵的水。斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。此外，在伦敦的另一个地方，一位妇女和她的女儿从布罗德街搬走后死于霍乱。这个女人似乎非常喜欢这个水泵的水，以至于她每天都让人把水送到家。根据这些证据，约翰·斯诺能够宣布这个水泵的水携带了霍乱病菌。因此，他让人把水泵的把手拿掉了，这样水泵就不能用了。通过这种干预，这种疾病的蔓延被立即阻止了。
事实上，布罗德街的水泵的水已经被废物污染了。此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。一些公司出售泰晤士河的水，这些水被未经处理的废物污染了。喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。
在斯诺的不懈努力下，自来水公司开始出售干净的水，在世界范围内霍乱的威胁大幅减少。然而，霍乱仍然是一个问题。每年，世界各地有数百万人感染霍乱，并且许多人因此而死亡。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。
4/10表语从句
[观察例句]
1．One
theory
was
that
bad
air
caused
the
disease.
2．The
question
is
who
will
be
the
successful
applicant
for
the
summer
job
at
the
law
firm.
3．Her
confusion
is
whether
she
should
stick
to
her
own
way
of
life
or
follow
the
American
way.
4．What
John
Snow
was
determined
to
find
out
was
why
the
1854
outbreak
of
cholera
in
London
could
have
caused
over
500
deaths
within
ten
days.
5．Taking
a
year
off
from
school
to
travel
abroad
is
what
is
generally
called
a
gap
year.
[归纳用法]
1．所有例句中的黑体部分都位于系动词be后，作表语，故都是表语从句，这些表语从句在词性上相当于一个名词。
2．例1由从属连词that引导；例2由连接代词who引导；例3由从属连词whether引导；例4由连接副词why引导；例5由连接代词what引导。
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。表语从句就是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。
一般结构为“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。
1．从属连词that引导的表语从句
从属连词that的用法：①无意义 ②不充当成分
③不可省略
The
reason
for
his
absence
is
that
he
hasn't
been
informed.
他缺席的原因是他没接到通知。
My
suggestion
is
that
we
should
tell
him.
我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
2．从属连词whether引导的表语从句
The
point
is
whether
we
should
lend
him
the
money.
关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
[名师点津] if不能引导表语从句。
3．连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句
The
problem
is
who
is
really
fit
for
the
hard
job.
问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。
This
is
what
I
am
interested
in.
这就是我所感兴趣的。
That's
where
I
first
met
her.
那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
4．because，as
if/though等引导的表语从句
It's
just
because
he
doesn't
know
her.
这仅仅是因为他不认识她。
Now
it
seems
as
though
she
had
known
Millie
for
years.
现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。
It
sounds
as
if
someone
is
knocking
at
the
door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
[即学即练1] 用where，when，that填空
①Look
at
the
high
mountain.That
is
where
we
will
get.
②The
first
time
we
met
each
other
was
when
we
studied
in
that
school.
③My
advice
is
that
we
(should)
work
together.
5．why和because引导的表语从句的区别
That's
why...
意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果
That's
because...
意为“那是因为……”，强调原因
I
didn't
phone
her，and
that's
why
she
got
angry
with
me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果)
我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。
I
didn't
phone
her，and
that's
because
I
got
angry
with
her.(强调“生气”这一原因)
我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。
[名师点津]
reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。
6．表语从句中的虚拟语气
在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形”(should可以省略)。
My
advice
is
that
you
(should)
practise
speaking
English
as
often
as
possible.
我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。
[即学即练2] 用why，that，because填空
①It
was
raining
hard；that
was
why
I
came
late.
②I
came
late；that
was
because
it
was
raining
hard.
③The
reason
why
I
came
late
was
that
it
was
raining
hard.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He
got
caught
in
the
heavy
traffic.That
was
why
he
was
late.
2．Energy
is
what
makes
things
work.
3．We
didn't
set
out；it
was
because
we
wanted
to
wait
until
our
mother
came
back.
4．The
most
pleasant
thing
of
the
rainy
season
is
that
one
can
be
entirely
free
from
dust.
5．A
ship
in
harbor
is
safe，but
that's
not
what
ships
are
built
for.
6．The
trouble
is
that
I
can't
find
my
way.
7．What
he
wants
to
know
is
whether
we
can
finish
our
work
by
tomorrow
morning.
8．The
reason
why
I
was
sad
was
that
he
didn't
understand
me.
9．That
is
what
we
are
looking
forward
to.
10．Do
not
let
any
failures
discourage
you，for
you
can
never
tell
how
close
you
may
be
to
victory.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．简再也不是十年前的那个样子了。
Jane
is
no
longer
what
she
was
ten
years
ago.
2．我获悉了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是为什么我写信发表我自己观点的原因。
I
read
about
your
reform
of
the
school
English
newspaper，and
that's
why
I'm
writing
to
voice
my
opinion．
3．问题是他们是否能帮我们。
The
question
is
whether
they
will
be
able
to
help
us．
4．那是因为他没有理解我。
That
was
because
he
didn't
understand
me．
5．事实就是我们队已经赢得了比赛。
The
fact
is
that
our
team
has
won
the
game．
4/4课时分层作业(二)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Give
the
bottle
a
couple
of
shakes
before
pouring(pour)
the
juice.
2．We
are
determined
to
defend
(defend)
our
motherland
at
all
costs.
3．Klan
called
his
assistant
(assist)，Hasher，to
take
over
his
duties
while
he
went
out.
4．Early
astronomers
(astronomer)
thought
that
our
planet
was
the
centre
of
the
universe.
5．He
stopped，shifting
(shift)
his
cane
to
his
left
hand.
6．He
came
down
with
illness
last
night
and
is
still
under
emergency
treatment.
7．Someone
must
be
put
in
charge
of
writing
down
all
the
ideas.
8．Fires
broke
out
everywhere，the
entire
city
went
up
in
flames.
9．The
characters
in
the
book
are
vividly
(vivid)
presented.
10．I
was
disappointed
whenever
the
cook
found
fault
with
me.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Do
you
think
you
have
what
it
takes
to
be
a
successful
scientist？A
successful
scientist
is
generally
a
good
observer.He
makes
full
1
of
the
facts
he
observes.He
doesn't
accept
ideas
which
are
not
based
on
obvious
facts，and
therefore
2
to
accept
authority
as
the
only
reason
for
truth.He
always
checks
ideas
3
and
makes
experiments
to
prove
them.
The
rise
of
modern
science
may
perhaps
be
considered
to
4
as
far
back
as
the
time
of
Roger
Bacon，the
wonderful
philosopher
of
Oxford，who
lived
between
the
years
1214
and
1292.He
was
probably
the
first
in
the
Middle
Ages
to
5
that
we
should
learn
science
by
observing
and
experimenting
on
the
things
around
us，and
he
himself
6
many
important
truths.
Galileo(1564－1642)，however，who
lived
more
than
300
years
later，was
the
greatest
of
several
great
men
in
Italy，France，Germany，and
England，
7
began
to
show
how
many
important
truths
could
be
discovered
by
observation
by
degrees.Before
Galileo，learned
men
believed
that
large
bodies
fell
more
8
towards
the
earth
than
small
ones，
9
Aristotle
said
so.But
Galileo，going
to
the
top
of
the
Leaning
Tower
of
Pisa，let
fall
two
10
stones
and
proved
Aristotle
was
wrong.It
is
Galileo's
11
of
going
direct
to
nature，and
proving
our
opinions
and
theories
by
experiment，that
has
12
all
the
discoveries
of
modern
science.
What
13
those
people
good
scientists？From
the
example
of
Galileo，we
know
14
that
successful
scientists
are
those
whose
observations
have
15
better
results.
【语篇解读】 一个科学家应该是一个很好的观察者，不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。
1．A.use
B．sense
C．speed
D．trust
A [根据语境可知此处是make
full
use
of“充分利用，充分使用”这一固定词组。]
2．A.refuses
B．desires
C．intends
D．regrets
A [由空前的“doesn't
accept”和“and
therefore”可知，此处应选refuses。]
3．A.casually
B．carefully
C．quickly
D．privately
B [结合语境“He
always
checks
ideas”和后面的“and
makes
experiments
to
prove
them”可知，此处表示仔细地核查想法。]
4．A.date
B．keep
C．look
D．come
A [由下文的“the
years
1214
and
1292”可知，现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。date
back是一个固定词组，意为“追溯到”。]
5．A.command
B．suspect
C．suggest
D．conclude
C [根据空后的内容可知，这里应是Roger
Bacon提出的建议，故选C项。]
6．A.brought
B．discovered
C．handled
D．announced
B [结合空后的“many
important
truths”可知，他本人发现了很多重要的真理。]
7．A.who
B．when
C．that
D．where
A [结合空前的“was
the
greatest
of
several
great
men”可知，先行词是men，故用who引导定语从句。]
8．A.slowly
B．rapidly
C．lightly
D．heavily
B [结合空前的“Before
Galileo，learned
men
believed
that
large
bodies
fell
more”和后面的“towards
the
earth
than
small
ones”可知，在伽利略之前，学者们认为重的物体比轻的物体落地快，因此选rapidly“迅速地”。]
9．A.although
B．because
C．when
D．if
B [根据“Aristotle
said
so”的意思可知，这里表示因为亚里士多德是这样说的。]
10．A.big
B．small
C．similar
D．unequal
D [根据前文和后面的“stones
and
proved
Aristotle
was
wrong”可知，此处表示使用了两个不同重量的石头，因此选unequal“不相等的”。]
11．A.spirit
B．skill
C．theory
D．wish
A [由后面的“of
going
direct
to
nature”可知，此处表示科学精神(spirit)。]
12．A.led
to
B．turned
to
C．set
up
D．put
forward
A [这里是说正是伽利略的精神使得现代科学能有发现。结合语境，应选A项。]
13．A.makes
B．prevents
C．considers
D．promises
A [结合下文中的“successful
scientists
are
those...”可知，此处是说“什么使这些人成为好的科学家”。]
14．A.likely
B．clearly
C．naturally
D．unwillingly
B [结合上文中所举的例子我们可以清楚地(clearly)知道，成功的科学家是他们的观察可以创造(produce)更好的结果的人。]
15．A.foreseen
B．rejected
C．produced
D．challenged
C [参见上题解析。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Dear
Dad，
On
this
date
of
your
50th
birthday，Mom
gave
me
the
letter
you
wrote
to
me
when
I
was
born
18
years
ago.In
your
letter，you
1.
(wish)
me
to
be
strong?minded
and
successful.You
were
looking
forward
to
2.
(see)
me
fight
for
my
future
bravely
and
do
well
for
3.
(me)
and
others.
After
reading
this
letter，I
feel
quite
4.
(shock)
at
your
5.
(expect)
on
me.I
also
feel
shamed
of
not
having
performed
well
6.
(meet)
your
demand.I
still
remember
when
I
was
in
primary
school，I
failed
to
apply
myself
to
studying.I
was
addicted
to
computer
games.As
a
consequence，I
soon
became
the
last
one
in
my
class.You
didn't
abuse
me
at
all.7.
the
contrary，you
taught
me
that
studying
was
the
most
important
object
at
the
moment
and
encouraged
me
to
study
hard.Only
8.
I
read
your
letter
did
I
realize
that
I
behaved
so
badly
at
that
time
and
you
were
so
sad
to
see
I
didn't
do
well
for
myself.
I
can't
help
expressing
my
gratitude
and
sending
my
best
wishes
to
you.Wish
you
9.
(health)
and
happy.I
promise
that
I
will
spare
no
effort
to
satisfy
your
demand
of
being
10.
brave
and
successful
person.
【语篇解读】 本文是一封感谢父亲的信。“‘我’情不自禁地要向您表达我的谢意和最美好的祝愿。祝您健康快乐。‘我’保证，‘我’将不遗余力地满足您的要求，成为一个勇敢和成功的人。”
1．wished [考查时态。根据前面的18
years
ago，可知句子用一般过去时态。]
2．seeing [考查固定搭配。look
forward
to＋名词/代词/动名词，表示“期盼某事或做某事”。]
3．myself [考查反身代词。句意：你期待着看到我勇敢的为自己的未来奋斗，并为自己和他人做的更好。结合句意此处用反身代词。]
4．shocked [考查过去分词。feel
shocked感到震惊。]
5．expectation [考查名词。your(你的)是形容词性物主代词，后面用名词。]
6．to
meet [考查非谓语动词。句意：我也为没有很好地完成你的要求而感到羞愧。不定式作目的状语，故答案为to
meet。]
7．On [考查固定词组。on
the
contrary正相反。]
8．when [考查时间状语从句的引导词。句意：只有当我读了你的信，我才意识到我当时表现很差，你很伤心看到我没有为自己做好。此处是only＋状语，引导部分倒装。]
9．healthy [考查形容词。句意：祝您健康快乐。此处是形容词作宾语补足语，故答案为healthy。]
10．a [考查冠词。句意：我保证我将不遗余力地满足您的需求，成为一个勇敢和成功的人。]
5/5表达个人观点类作文
表达个人观点类文章实际上大多数是议论文，有时是夹叙夹议类文章。写好该类作文要注意以下要点：
1．观点鲜明，文章一定要有一个明确的中心论点。
2．层次分明，一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，层次要分明，过渡要自然。
3．最后一段一般要总结全文，得出一个符合逻辑的结论，突出中心思想。
4．通常采用一般现在时。
5．语言简洁有力，一般不采用口语。
[基本框架]
1．开头——开门见山，说明主题，并表明个人观点。
2．主体——从不同的角度给出详细的论据支持。
3．结尾——得出结论或重新强调自己的观点。
[常用词块]
1．attach
great
importance
to高度重视
2．play
a
vital
part
in在……中起重要作用
3．make
outstanding
contributions
to对……做出杰出贡献
4．serve
the
society服务社会
5．from
my
point
of
view依我之见
6．a
wise
choice一个明智的选择
7．support
the
opinion支持这个观点
8．oppose
the
opinion反对这个观点
9．the
following
three
reasons以下三个原因
10．become
more
and
more
popular变得越来越受欢迎
[常用语句]
1．They
hold
the
belief
that
the
historical
plays
are
attractive
and
easy
to
understand.
他们认为这些历史剧有吸引力，容易理解。
2．As
far
as
I
am
concerned，I
like
reading
books，because
books
tell
me
the
truth
and
encourage
us
to
use
our
imagination.
就我而言，我喜欢读书，因为书告诉我真相，鼓励我们使用我们的想象力。
3．However，every
coin
has
two
sides.
然而，任何事物都有两面性。
4．After
all，not
everyone
dares
to
face
reality
bravely.
毕竟，不是每个人都敢勇敢地面对现实。
5．Some
students
support
the
opinion.Other
students
oppose
the
opinion.
一些学生支持这个观点。其他学生反对这个观点。
6．There
are
at
least
three
good
points
of
shopping
online.
网上购物至少有三点好处。
7．Such
a
situation
should
be
changed
to
give
students
both
pleasure
and
knowledge.
这种情况应该改变，以便给予学生乐趣和知识。
8．In
my
opinion，I
prefer
shopping
online，because
going
shopping
is
a
kind
of
enjoying
life
for
me
and
I
can
also
get
what
I
really
want.
在我看来，我更喜欢网上购物，因为购物对我来说是享受生活，我也可以得到我真正想要的东西。
每年，国家科学技术奖励大会都会在北京人民大会堂隆重举行，届时党和国家领导人会为获奖的科学家颁奖。请你围绕以下要点谈谈你的个人看法。
1．党和政府为什么如此重视科技事业的发展；
2．作为一名高中生，你应该如何去做。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．短文要求包含所有要点，但不要逐条翻译；
3．可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯；
4．开头已为你写好，但不计入总词数。
Every
year，the
National
Science
?Technology
Award
Ceremony
is
held
in
the
Great
Hall
of
the
People.
[参考范文]
Every
year，the
National
Science
?Technology
Award
Ceremony
is
held
in
the
Great
Hall
of
the
People.At
that
time，the
top
leaders
of
our
country
award
medals
to
scientists
who
achieve
those
goals.
It's
clear
that
the
government
attaches
great
importance
to
science
and
technology.There's
no
doubt
that
science
and
technology
play
a
vital
part
in
a
country's
development.Those
who
receive
the
awards
deserve
them
because，through
years
of
hard
work，they
have
made
outstanding
contributions
to
our
country.China
needs
more
scientists
and
inventors
like
them.
As
a
senior
school
student，I'll
try
my
best
to
learn
all
my
subjects
well
so
as
to
serve
the
society
as
well
as
our
country.
3/31．contradict
vt.与……发生矛盾，与……抵触→contradictory
adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
2．infect
vt.使感染；传染→infection
n．感染；传染
3．prove
vt.
证明；检验→proof
n．证据；证明；检验
4．intervene
vi.干涉；干预→intervention
n．介入；出面；干涉
1．suspect
vt.&
vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任
n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
adj.可疑的；不可信的
①I
suspect
(that)
you
once
thought
otherwise.
vt.怀疑
②Two
suspects
are
now
being
interrogated
in
connection
with
the
killing.
n.犯罪嫌疑人
③His
reason
for
being
absent
is
suspect.
adj.可疑的
2．blame
vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责
n．责备；指责
①He
bears
the
blame
of
his
brother.
n.责备；指责
②You
can
hardly
blame
Peter
for
being
angry
with
her.
vt.责怪；指责
③Whenever
something
goes
wrong，everyone
blames
it
on
me.
vt.把……归咎于
3．handle
n．把手；拉手；柄
vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
①You
have
to
turn
the
handle
and
then
pull
it
towards
you.
n.
把手；拉手
②A
label
on
the
crate
read：“Handle
with
care”．
vt.处理；搬动
③Garden
tools
can
be
dangerous
if
carelessly
handled.
vt.操纵；使用
4．link
n．联系；纽带
vt.把……连接起来；相关联
①The
road
links
all
the
new
towns.
vt.把……连接起来
②Scientists
have
established
possible
links
between
cancer
and
diet.
n.联系
③The
two
countries
have
successfully
solved
the
boundary
issue，which
now
has
become
a
link
of
friendship
between
the
two
peoples.
n.纽带
5．decrease
n．减少；降低；减少量
vt.
&
vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
①The
population
began
to
decrease.
vi.减少；减小；降低
②They
decreased
the
size
of
the
group
from
25
to
15.
vt.减少；减小；降低
③There
has
been
some
decrease
in
imports.
n.减少；降低
Words
And
Phrases
once
and
for
all最终地；彻底地
(教材P2) However，he
never
lost
his
desire
to
destroy
cholera
once
and
for
all.
然而，他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。
[例1] He
will
explain
it
fully
once
and
for
all.
他将把它充分地解释一次，就此了结。
[例2] The
teacher
has
warned
the
student
once
and
for
all.
那位老师已断然警告那个学生。
[翻译] 我最后一次警告你。如果你不停止纠缠我，你将来会后悔的。
I'm
warning
you
once
and
for
all，if
you
don't
stop
disturbing
me，you'll
be
regretful.
[知识拓展]
all
at
once
突然；同时
at
once
立刻，马上
once
and
again
一而再，再三
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We
have
to
resolve
this
matter
once
and
for
all.
②All
at
once
there
was
someone
knocking
on
the
door.
③He
was
punished
once
and
again
for
telling
lies.
subscribe
vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
(教材P2) Snow
subscribed
to
the
second
theory.
斯诺赞同第二种理论。
[例1] He
subscribed
for
1，000
shares.他认购一千股。
[例2] I
subscribed
to
that
magazine.It
is
put
out
every
week.
我订阅了那本杂志，它是周刊。
[翻译] 我十分赞同那个观点。
I
heartily
subscribe
to
that
view．
[知识拓展]
subscribe
to
同意；赞成；订阅……
subscribe...to...
把……捐赠给……；把……签署在……上
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①In
order
to
improve
his
daughter's
English，he
subscribed
to
English
Weekly.
②He
subscribed
his
name
to
the
contract.
③If
you
subscribe
to
the
newspaper，it'll
be
delivered
to
your
door.
如果你订阅这个报纸，它会给你送货上门的。
[小片段填空]
We
applied
for
①
subscribing
to
some
magazines
useful
for
our
work.The
department
manager
②subscribed
to
it
and
③subscribed
his
name
to
the
application
form.
我们申请订阅几本对我们的工作有益的杂志，部门经理同意了这一请求，并在申请表上签上了他的名字。
(教材P2) Snow
suspected
that
the
water
pump
was
to
blame．
斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。
(1)suspect
vt.&
vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任
n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
[例1] I
suspect
him
to
know
everything
about
that.
我猜想那件事他全都知道了。
[例2] She
had
no
reason
to
suspect
that
Sylvia
had
not
told
the
truth.
她没有理由怀疑西尔维娅没说实话。
[翻译] 警察怀疑钱是他偷的。
The
police
suspect
him
of
having
taken
the
money．
[知识拓展]
suspect
sb.
of
(doing)
sth.
怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect
sb.
to
be...
怀疑某人是……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I
suspect
him
to
be(be)
a
pickpocket.
②I
suspected
the
girl
of
lying
(lie)
to
us.
[小片段填空]
①The
first
suspect
was
the
victim's
son.The
police
②suspected
him
of
murdering
his
father，because
the
neighbors
reported
having
heard
them
fighting
on
the
night
of
the
killing.
第一个嫌疑犯是死者的儿子。警察怀疑他谋杀了他的父亲，因为邻居们在案发当晚曾听到他们打架。
(2)blame
vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责
n．责备；指责
[例1] They
placed
the
blame
on
the
doctor.
他们把责任归咎于医生。
[例2] He
tried
to
escape
blame
for
what
he
had
done.
他试图不为自己的行为负责。
[翻译] 看来水是罪魁祸首。
It
seemed
that
the
water
was
to
blame．
[知识拓展]
(1)be
to
blame
(for
sth.)
(对某事)负有责任，应受责备
blame
sb.
for
sth.
因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame
sth.
on
sb./sth.
把某事归咎于某人/某事
(2)put/lay
the
blame
for
sth.
on
sb.
将某事归咎于某人
take
the
blame
for
sth.
对某事承担责任
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①If
that
happens，the
coach
will
take
the
blame
for
it.
②You
are
not
to
blame
(blame)．I
can't
put
the
blame
on
you.
③You
shouldn't
blame
John
for
the
failure.
＝You
shouldn't
blame
the
failure
on
John.
你们不应该把这次失败归咎于约翰。
link
n.
联系；纽带
vt.把……连接起来；相关联
(教材P3) Moreover，Snow
was
later
able
to
show
a
link
between
other
cases
of
cholera
and
the
different
water
companies
in
London.
此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。
[例1] The
two
companies
have
linked.
这两家公司已联合。
[例2] The
new
bridge
will
link
the
island
to
the
mainland.
新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。
[翻译] 那家新公司与几家较老的公司联合以保护自己。
The
new
company
linked
up
with
several
older
ones
in
self?protection.
[知识拓展]
(1)link...to/with...
将……和……联系或连接起来
link
up
连接；结合
link
up
with...
与……联合；使与……衔接
(2)a
link
between
A
and
B
A与B之间的联系
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
new
tunnel
links
Britain
to/with
France.
②The
two
spacecraft
will
link
up
with
each
other
in
orbit.
③The
country
is
linked
(link)
to
the
town
by
a
new
bridge.
decrease
n．减少；降低；减少量
vt.&
vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
(教材P3) Through
Snow's
tireless
efforts，water
companies
began
to
sell
clean
water，and
the
threat
of
cholera
around
the
world
saw
a
substantial
decrease.
在斯诺的不懈努力下，自来水公司开始出售干净的水，在世界范围内霍乱的威胁大幅减少。
[例1] The
decrease
in
sales
was
almost
20
percent.
销售量差不多减少了20%。
[例2] His
interest
in
this
subject
gradually
decreases.他对这个科目的兴趣逐渐在减退。
[翻译] 自从立法之后污染已经大大减少。
There
has
been
a
sharp
decrease
in
pollution
since
the
law
was
introduced.
[知识拓展]
(1)on
the
decrease
在减少中
a
decrease
in...
在……方面减少
(2)decrease
to...
减少到……
decrease
by...
减少了……
decrease
from...to...
从……减少到……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There
is
a
decrease
of
nearly
7%
in
the
number
of
visitors
to
the
museum.
②The
accidents
have
decreased
by
20%
since
the
measure
has
been
taken.
③Because
of
human
activities，the
number
of
some
rare
animals
is
on
the
decrease.
[名师点津]
decrease的反义词increase的用法
increase
to
增加(长)到……
increase
by
增加(长)了……
on
the
increase
在增加
thanks
to
幸亏；由于
(教材P3) Fortunately，we
now
know
how
to
prevent
cholera，thanks
to
the
work
of
John
Snow.
幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。
[例1] Thanks
to
his
research，the
UN
has
more
tools
in
the
battle
to
rid
the
world
of
hunger.
多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。
[例2] Thanks
to
his
effort，it
is
more
successful
than
we
have
expected.
由于他的努力，(这件事)获得了比我们预期更大的成功。
[翻译] 由于你的帮助我们成功了。
Thanks
to
your
help，we
were
successful.
[知识拓展]
because
of
因为；由于
as
a
result
of
作为……的结果；由于
due
to
因为；由于
owing
to
由于；因为……的缘故
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①As
a
result
of
the
bad
weather，the
football
match
was
put
off.
②The
accident
was
due
to
his
careless
driving.
③Owing
to
your
timely
help，we
finished
the
work
ahead
of
time.
transform
vt.使改观；使改变形态
vi.改变；转变
(教材P3) Moreover，in
his
use
of
maps
and
statistics，Snow
transformed
the
way
scientists
study
diseases.
此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
[例1] He
seems
to
have
been
miraculously
transformed
into
a
first?class
player.
他似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。
[例2] Things
cannot
be
transformed
overnight.
事情不可能在一夜之间改变。
[翻译] 蒸汽机将热能转变成动力。
A
steam
engine
transforms
heat
into
power．
[知识拓展]
(1)transform
A
into
B
把A变成B
transform
sth.
from
A
to
B
使……从A变成B
(2)transformation
n.
改变；改革
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We
must
work
hard
so
as
to
transform
China
into
an
advanced
industrial
country.
②A
complete
change
of
climate
transformed
the
area
from
farmland
to
a
desert.
③We
are
living
in
a
time
of
social
transformation
(transform)．
Sentence
Patterns
“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构
(教材P2) As
a
young
doctor，John
Snow
became
frustrated
because
no
one
knew
how
to
prevent
or
treat
cholera．
作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。
句式分析：句中how
to
prevent
or
treat
cholera为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。
[例1] No
one
knew
how
to
treat
this
dreaded
disease.
没人知道如何治疗这种可怕的疾病。
[例2] I
don't
quite
know
what
to
say
in
answer
to
your
question.
我不太清楚如何回答你的问题。
[翻译] 想一想不同种类的交通工具的费用并决定怎么到那里。
Think
about
the
fare
for
different
kinds
of
transport
and
decide
how
to
get
there．
[知识拓展]
(1)常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词how，when，where等。
(2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。
(3)通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。
[即学即练] 句型转换
①The
teacher
taught
the
students
how
they
should
do
the
experiment.
→The
teacher
taught
the
students
how
to
do
the
experiment．
②The
problem
is
where
to
put
this
computer.
→The
problem
is
where
we
should
put
this
computer．
③I
have
no
idea
what
I
can
say
about
this.
→I
have
no
idea
what
to
say
about
this．
④When
we
will
start
has
not
been
decided.
→When
to
start
has
not
been
decided.
so...that...引导结果状语从句
(教材P2) He
discovered
that
in
two
particular
streets
the
cholera
outbreak
was
so
severe
that
more
than
500
people
died
in
ten
days.
他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。
句式分析：句中so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
[例1] He
was
so
foolish
that
he
accepted
her
invitation.
他接受她的邀请真是太傻了。
[例2] They
walked
so
fast
that
I
could
not
keep
up
with
them.
他们走得那么快，我没法跟上他们。
[翻译] 这些大象是如此的聪明，它们可以回答一些数学问题。
The
elephants
were
so
clever
that
they
were
able
to
answer
some
math
questions.
[知识拓展]
(1)so＋that...
(2)such＋that...
[即学即练] 完成句子/句型转换
①It
is
so
good
a
film
that
I'd
like
to
see
it
a
second
time.
这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。
②She
works
so
hard
that
we
all
respect
her.
她工作这么努力，我们都很敬佩她。
③She
is
so
lovely
a
girl
that
we
all
like
her.
→She
is
such
a
lovely
girl
that
we
all
like
her.
④It
is
such
a
heavy
box
that
I
can't
lift
it.
→It
is
so
heavy
a
box
that
I
can't
lift
it.
[名师点津]
(1)little表示“少”时用so修饰，但表示“小”时用such修饰。
There
was
so
little
time
left
that
we
must
hurry.
时间不多了，我们要快一点。
They
are
such
little
children
that
they
can't
understand
it.
他们是这么小的孩子，他们不会理解的。
(2)在“so...that...”和“such...that...”结构中，当“so/such...”置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。
So
hot
a
day
was
it
that
they
all
went
swimming.＝Such
a
hot
day
was
it
that
they
all
went
swimming.天气这么热，他们都去游泳了。
1．Cholera
used
to
be
one
of
the
most
feared
diseases
in
the
world，until
a
British
doctor，John
Snow，showed
how
it
could
be
overcome.
[分析] 本句为复合句，until引导时间状语从句，其中how
it
could
be
overcome为how引导的宾语从句。
[译文] 霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何战胜它。
2．He
discovered
that
in
two
particular
streets
the
cholera
outbreak
was
so
severe
that
more
than
500
people
died
in
ten
days.
[分析] 本句为复合句，动词discovered
后是that引导的宾语从句，其中so...that...引导结果状语从句。
[译文] 他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。
教材
高考
1.There
were
multiple
deaths
near
the
water
pump
in
Broad
Street
(especially
house
numbers
16，37，38，and
40)．
(2019·北京卷)In
a
world
that
warms
up
by
3℃，it
found
that
multiple
changes
to
the
colour
of
the
oceans
would
occur.
2.Accordingly，he
had
the
handle
of
the
pump
removed
so
that
it
could
not
be
used.
(2019·浙江卷)However，when
she
hung
up，she
regretted
the
way
she
had
handled
the
call.
3.Moreover，Snow
was
later
able
to
show
a
link
between
other
cases
of
cholera
and
the
different
water
companies
in
London.
(2019·天津卷)Food
webs
may
be
dominated
by
many
weak
links
because
that
arrangement
is
more
stable
over
the
long
term.
4.Fortunately，we
now
know
how
to
prevent
cholera，thanks
to
the
work
of
John
Snow.
(2019·浙江卷)Thanks
to
the
Beatles，a
lot
of
opportunities
were
opened
up
to
new
faces
on
the
market.
5.Moreover，in
his
use
of
maps
and
statistics，Snow
transformed
the
way
scientists
study
diseases.
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Only
at
dinnertime
are
we
eating
together
anymore，74
percent，according
to
statistics
from
the
report.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Ade
and
Brooks
exchanged
blows
yesterday
and
they
were
severely
(severe)
punished
today.
2．Many
companies
have
subscribed
(subscribe)
generously
to
the
football
club
so
far.
3．Only
a
third
of
these
households
(household)
thought
it
reasonable
to
meter
water.
4．I
think
he
suspected
us
of
some
improper
purpose.
5．This
information
confirms
me
in
the
belief
that
he
is
to
blame
(blame)．
6．There
are
thirty
microscopes
(microscope)
in
our
chemical
laboratory.
7．They
have
gathered
the
best
statistics
(statistic)
they
can
find
and
run
them
through
their
own
computers.
8．The
news
is
so
important
that
I
must
tell
it
to
my
friends.
9．A
cheap
table
can
be
transformed
(transform)
by
an
interesting
cover.
10．You
should
know
when
to
stop
(stop)
asking
questions.
Ⅱ.短语填空
take
the
blame
for；thanks
to；once
and
for
all；on
the
decrease；subscribe
to；link
up
1．Thanks
to
the
spread
of
modern
technology，trained
workers
are
now
more
vital
than
ever.
2．The
demand
for
tea
is
on
the
decrease
each
year.
3．The
two
families
linked
up
through
the
marriage
of
their
daughter
and
son.
4．It
is
not
a
theory
that
is
commonly
subscribed
to．
5．Let's
get
this
problem
right
once
and
for
all．
6．The
company
was
ready
to
take
the
blame
for
what
had
happened.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Cholera
used
to
be
one
of
the
most
feared
1.diseases
(disease)
in
the
world.When
young，John
Snow
became
2.frustrated
(frustrate)
because
no
one
knew
how
to
prevent
or
treat
cholera.He
desired
3.to
destroy
(destroy)
cholera
once
and
for
all.He
thought
cholera
was
caused
by
an
4.infection
(infect)
from
germs
in
food
or
water.Consequently，when
an
outbreak
of
cholera
hit
London
in
1854，Snow
began
to
investigate
by
5.marking
(mark)
on
a
map
the
exact
places
where
all
those
6.who
died
had
lived.At
last，John
Snow
found
that
the
water
from
the
Broad
Street
pump
had
been
infected
by
waste.Through
Snow's
tireless
efforts，the
threat
of
cholera
around
the
world
saw
7.a
substantial
decrease.However，cholera
is
still
a
problem.Fortunately，we
now
know
how
to
prevent
cholera，thanks
8.to
the
work
of
John
Snow.Moreover，in
his
use
of
maps
and
statistics，Snow
9.transformed
(transform)
the
way
scientists
study
diseases.For
this
reason，Snow
10.is
considered
(consider)
the
father
of
modern
epidemiology.
4/12
