课时分层作业(十三)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语提示写出单词。
1．The
news
that
her
child
was
safe
eased
(减轻)
her
mind.
2．The
boy
was
treated
for
a
minor
(轻微的)
head
wound.
3．A
long
scarf
was
wrapped
(裹)
round
her
neck.
4．The
latest
techniques(技术)
in
oceanography
are
now
available
to
many
more
scientists.
5．The
most
terrifying
aspect
of
nuclear
bombing
is
radiation(辐射)．
6．This
victim
(受害者)
suffered
a
dreadful
injury
and
lost
a
lot
of
blood.
7．A
page
came
loose
(松的)
and
floated
onto
the
ground.
8．I
used
to
take
a
bath
(洗澡)
twice
a
day
last
year，morning
and
night.
9．The
elderly(年老的)
man
is
quite
energetic.
10．We
got
an
ambulance
(救护车)
and
rushed
her
to
hospital.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
When
your
pet
has
an
emergency，first
aid
is
not
a
substitute
for
veterinary(兽医的)
treatment.However，before
you
are
able
to
get
your
pet
to
a
veterinarian，knowing
some
basic
first
aid
can
help.
Bite
Wounds
Approach
the
pet
carefully
to
avoid
getting
bitten.Wear
a
mask
for
the
animal
and
then
check
the
wound.Clean
the
wound
with
large
amounts
of
saline(盐水)．If
these
are
not
available，then
regular
water
may
be
used.Wrap
large
open
wounds
to
keep
them
clean.
Bleeding
Apply
firm，direct
pressure
over
the
bleeding
area
until
the
bleeding
stops.Hold
the
pressure
for
at
least
10
minutes.Avoid
bandages
that
cut
off
circulation.
Breathing
Stops
Check
to
see
if
the
animal
is
choking(窒息)
on
a
foreign
object.If
an
animal
is
not
breathing，place
it
on
a
firm
surface
with
its
left
side
up.Check
for
a
heartbeat.If
you
hear
a
heartbeat
but
not
breathing，close
the
animal's
mouth
and
breathe
directly
into
its
nose—not
the
mouth—until
the
chest
expands.Repeat
12
to
15
times
per
minute.
Burns
Wash
the
burn
immediately
with
large
amounts
of
cool，running
water.Apply
an
ice
pack
for
15－20
minutes.Do
not
place
an
ice
pack
directly
on
the
skin.Wrap
the
pack
in
a
light
towel
or
other
cover.If
the
animal
has
large
quantities
of
dry
chemicals
on
its
skin，brush
them
off.Water
may
activate
some
dry
chemicals.
Fractures(骨折)
Symptoms
include
pain，inability
to
use
a
limb(腿)．Wear
a
mask
for
the
pet
and
look
for
bleeding.If
you
can
control
bleeding
without
causing
more
injury，then
do
so.Watch
for
signs
of
shock.Don't
try
to
set
the
fractures
by
pulling
the
limb.Transport
the
pet
to
the
veterinarian
immediately，supporting
the
injured
part
as
best
as
you
can.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍的是当宠物遇到紧急情况时，对它们实施急救的几种办法。
1．The
underlined
word
“substitute”
in
the
first
paragraph
means
something
．
A．that
is
necessary
B．that
can
replace
other
things
C．that
is
familiar
with
us
D．that
can
calm
people
B [词义猜测题。根据下句“However，before
you
are
able
to
get
your
pet
to
a
veterinarian，knowing
some
basic
first
aid
can
help.”可知，急救虽然不能代替兽医，但在兽医到来前实施急救可以避免情况恶化。故选B。]
2．If
your
pet
is
burned
by
chemicals，you
should
．
A．wash
away
the
chemicals
with
saline
B．put
an
ice
pack
directly
on
the
skin
C．bind
up
the
cut
with
a
bandage
D．get
rid
of
them
before
washing
D [细节理解题。根据Burns下的倒数第二句“If
the
animal
has
large
quantities
of
dry
chemicals
on
its
skin，brush
them
off.”可知，如果宠物被化学药品烧伤，就应该先把这些化学药品清除掉。故选D。]
3．The
passage
is
mainly
about
．
A．doing
pet
first
aid
B．treating
sick
pets
C．dealing
with
an
emergency
D．working
as
a
veterinarian
A [主旨大意题。全文介绍了当宠物遇到紧急情况时，如何实施急救的几种办法。故选A。]
B
Do
you
know
a
child
who
has
used
first
aid
to
save
a
life
or
help
an
injured
person?
St.John
Ambulance
is
seeking
young
people
who
have
acted
quickly，calmly
and
effectively
at
a
real
emergency
for
its
annual
Young
First
Aider
of
the
Year
awards.
The
awards
are
open
to
all
those
under
18，and
the
closing
date
for
nomination
(提名)
is
April
30，2017.The
winners
will
be
invited
to
attend
a
special
ceremony
in
June，2020.
“St.John
Ambulance
believes
it
is
essential
for
young
people
to
learn
first
aid
so
that
they
can
help
anyone
who
is
injured，”
said
Sandra
Stocker，director
of
St.John
Ambulance
Awards
Committee.“The
Young
First
Aider
of
the
Year
is
a
wonderful
way
to
celebrate
their
bravery
and
quick?thinking.”
Nomination
for
the
Young
First
Aider
of
the
Year
is
now
open.Please
complete
and
return
the
nomination
forms
as
soon
as
possible
and
certainly
no
later
than
April
30，2020.The
committee
will
decide
which
of
the
nominees
will
receive
the
Young
First
Aider
of
the
Year
awards
by
considering
the
actions
of
the
nominees
along
with
their
ages
and
other
factors.You
should
send
any
evidence
you
have
with
the
nomination
form，showing
the
nominees'
actions.
Examples
of
evidence
could
include：
◆
Newspaper
clippings
(剪报)
of
the
incident.
◆
Police
incident
record
numbers.
Once
a
nomination
form
is
received，the
nominee
or
nominator
may
be
approached
for
further
details
of
the
incident.For
further
information
please
get
in
touch
with
Sandra
Stocker
by
e?mail
or
on
020－73244082
or
020－73244083.
Find
out
who
our
winners
will
be
for
2020.
【语篇解读】 本文鼓励人们提名年度最佳实施救助的年轻人，然后列出了提名的条件、截止日期等信息。
4．What
does
the
passage
intend
to
tell
the
readers?
A．Young
people
should
learn
first
aid
to
help
the
injured.
B．Learning
first
aid
can
help
young
people
win
an
award.
C．The
injured
are
encouraged
to
act
quickly
and
calmly.
D．St.John
Ambulance
makes
profit
by
training
first
aiders.
A [推理判断题。根据文章的第一句可看出，作者写这篇文章的目的是强调年轻人应该学一些急救知识来帮助有需要的人。故选A。]
5．If
you
suggest
someone
for
the
awards，you
should
．
A．attend
the
awards
ceremony
B．make
a
speech
introducing
yourself
C．provide
the
details
of
the
incident
D．have
a
good
knowledge
about
first
aid
C [细节理解题。根据第五段中的最后一句可知，如果想要提名某人的话，需要提供这个人相应的资料，故选C。]
6．Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A．Demand
for
First
Aiders
B．Importance
of
First
Aid
C．St.John
Ambulance
Awards
D．Young
First
Aider
of
the
Year
D [主旨大意题。本文鼓励读者们提名年度最佳实施急救的年轻人，同时也呼吁年轻人应该学一些急救知识来帮助有需要的人，故D项最适合作文章题目。]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Practical
Ways
to
Show
Respect
for
a
Friend
●Show
respect
for
their
life
choices
and
decisions
Accept
that
people
aren't
always
going
to
be
just
like
you.They
will
make
different
life
choices，have
different
views
on
politics
and
religion，and
act
differently
in
many
ways.This
doesn't
mean
they
can't
be
your
friend.
1
●Give
them
the
benefit
of
the
doubt
2
If
you're
in
doubt
about
something，ask
your
friend.Be
respectful
and
give
them
the
benefit
of
the
doubt
when
you
don't
do.This
alone
will
help
you
stay
in
their
good
graces(好感)．
●Give
friends
your
full
attention
One
of
the
best
ways
to
show
respect
for
someone
is
to
listen
to
them
fully.Allow
them
to
pause，convey
nonverbal
communication
clues，collect
their
thoughts，and
get
it
all
out.Too
often
friends
listen
with
half
an
ear
or
jump
in
the
minute
their
friend
pauses
with
an
even
worse
story.
3
When
your
friend
is
talking，pay
attention.
●
4
Treat
your
friends
respectfully
when
you
argue
with
them.Make
your
friendship
a
safe
place
by
not
embarrassing
your
friend
or
expressing
your
private
disagreements
in
front
of
other
people.Be
publicly
supportive
and
kind
to
your
friends
so
they
know
you
value
your
friendship
with
them.
●Show
up，be
there，and
do
what
you
say
you're
going
to
do
5
So
just
show
your
friend
the
best
kind
of
respect
by
being
on
time，keeping
promises，and
being
the
one
friend
they
can
always
count
on.That's
the
way
to
truly
show
respect.
A．Assumptions
can
be
a
dangerous
thing.
B．Consider
your
friendship
a
precious
gift.
C．This
type
of
behavior
is
very
disrespectful.
D．Tell
your
friends
what
you
think
about
them
directly.
E．In
fact，you
can
almost
do
nothing
but
accept
the
differences.
F．It
means
that
you'll
need
to
take
a
step
back，reserve
judgment，and
show
respect.
G．No
one
likes
an
unreliable
friend
who
says
they'll
be
there
and
then
doesn't
show.
【语篇解读】 本文属于说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了尊重朋友的几种实际方法，如给别人充分的关注、尊重他们的生活选择和决定、不要在别人面前让你的朋友难堪等。
1．F [上文提示“这并不意味着他们不能成为你的朋友。”承接上文，F项切题。该项中的It
means和上文的This
doesn't
mean相对应。]
2．A [下文提示“如果你对某事有疑问，就去问你的朋友。”承接下文，A项切题。]
3．C [上文提示“很多时候，朋友们会不认真听，或者当他们的朋友停下来时插入一个更糟糕的故事。”承接上文，C项切题。该项中的This
type
of
behavior指上文的内容。]
4．B [本空是一个小标题，要求用祈使句，应该在B/D中选。根据下文提示“当你和他们争吵时，要尊重你的朋友。”由此可知，B项切题。]
5．G [下文提示“所以，只要准时、信守承诺、成为他们可以信赖的朋友，就是向你的朋友展示最好的尊重的方式。”承接下文，G项切题。]
1/6Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
第一组
( )1.organ
A．n.光线；光束；(热、电等)射线
( )2.ray
B．n.辐射；放射线
( )3.radiation
C．n.毫米；千分之一米
( )4.acid
D．n.酸
adj.酸性的；酸的
( )5.millimetre
E．n.(人或动植物的)器官
( )6.fabric
F．n.蚊子
( )7.bath
G．n.地毯
( )8.mosquito
H．n.织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构
( )9.carpet
I．n.救护车
( )10.ambulance
J．n.洗澡；(BrE＝bathtub)
浴缸、浴盆；洗澡水
[答案] 1－5 EABDC 6－10 HJFGI
第二组
( )1.needle
A．n.牛排；肉排
( )2.ward
B．n.针；缝衣针；注射针；指针
( )3.ankle
C．n.病房
( )4.steak
D．n.拳；拳头
( )5.fist
E．n.踝；踝关节
( )6.motion
F．n.幸福；福祉；安康；福利
( )7.welfare
G．n.运动；移动
( )8.foggy
H．n.郊区；城外
( )9.suburb
I．n.会员身份；全体会员；会员人数
( )10.membership
J．adj.有雾的
[答案] 1－5 BCEAD 6－10 GFJHI
B．短语匹配
( )1.sense
of
touch
A．生命体征
( )2.electric
shock
B．触电；电击
( )3.vital
sign
C．面朝上(朝下)
( )4.help
sb.
to
one's
feet
D．触觉
( )5.face
up/down
E．帮助某人站起身来
( )6.sleep
in
F．健康状况不好
( )7.out
of
shape
G．迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉
[答案] 1－7 DBAECGF
Ⅱ.默写单词
第一组
1．technique
n.
技能；技术；技艺
2．minor
adj.
较小的；次要的；轻微的
3．victim
n.
受害者；患者
4．loose
adj.
松的；未系紧的；宽松的
5．urgent
adj.
紧急的；急迫的；急切的
6．ease
vt.
减轻；缓解
vi.&
vt.
使容易；使顺利
n.
容易；舒适；自在
7．wrap
vt.
包；裹；(用手臂等)围住
8．slip
vi.
滑倒；滑落；溜走
n.
滑倒；小错误；纸条
9．tight
adj.
牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的
adv.
紧紧地；牢固地
10．practical
adj.
切实可行的；实际的；实践的
第二组
1．delay
vi.&
vt.
推迟；延期(做某事)
vt.
耽误；耽搁
n.
延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
2．bleed
vi.
流血；失血
3．panic
vi.
&
vt.
(使)惊慌
n.
恐慌；惊恐
4．interrupt
vi.&
vt.
打断；打扰
vt.
使暂停；使中断
5．scream
vi.&
vt.
(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫
n.
尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音
6．fellow
adj.
同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的
n.
男人；家伙；同事；同辈；同类
7．choke
vi.&
vt.
(使)窒息；(使)哽咽
8．desperate
adj.
绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的
9．grab
vt.
抓住；攫取
n.
抓取；抢夺
10.
justify
vt.
证明……有道理；为……辩护；
是……的正当理由
Ⅰ.语境填空
loose；urgent；technique；minor；victim；panic；choke；
wrap；elderly；bleed
1．Modern
medical
techniques
refine
on
those
of
the
past.
2．The
young
actor
was
given
a
minor
part
in
the
new
play.
3．Most
of
the
victims
were
shot
in
the
back
while
trying
to
run
away.
4．Loose
shirts
are
good
for
summer
wear.
5．It
is
most
urgent
that
the
patient
should
get
to
hospital.
6．You'd
better
wrap
it
with
a
piece
of
clean
cloth.
7．The
elderly
man
is
quite
energetic.
8．If
you
cut
your
finger，it
will
bleed．
9．There
was
a
panic
when
the
building
caught
fire.
10．He
gets
choked
up
just
remembering
the
day
she
left.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．The
sun，a
lamp，or
an
electric
heater
all
warm
us
by
radiation
(radiate)．
2．He
gently
rubbed
his
swollen
(swell)
nose.
3．I
asked
the
operator
(operate)
to
put
me
through
to
her
office.
4．Your
invention
is
clever，but
not
practical
(practice)．
5．Do
not
open
the
door
when
the
train
is
in
motion
(move)．
6．It
was
so
foggy
(fog)
that
the
driver
could
hardly
make
out
the
way
ahead.
7．I
must
renew
my
membership
(member)
of
the
sailing
club.
8．One
centimetre
is
equal
to
10
millimetres
(metre)．
1．Your
skin
acts
as
a
barrier
against
disease，toxins，and
the
sun's
rays.
你的皮肤是抵御疾病、毒素和阳光的屏障。
2．Burns
are
divided
into
three
types，depending
on
the
depth
of
skin
damage.
根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。
3．These
burns
cause
very
severe
internal
injuries
and
the
victim
must
go
to
hospital
at
once.
这些烧伤会造成非常严重的内伤，受害者必须马上去医院。
4．Remove
any
clothes
using
scissors
if
necessary，unless
you
see
the
fabric
sticking
to
the
burnt
skin.
如果有必要的话，用剪刀剪掉衣服，除非你看到布料粘在烧焦的皮肤上。
5．If
the
victim
is
suffering
from
second
or
third?degree
burns，there
is
an
urgent
need
to
take
him/her
to
the
hospital
at
once.
如果受害者属于二度或三度烧伤，就需要立即送他/她去医院。
名师圈点
①an
essential
part
of……的重要组成部分
②act
as充当
③against
disease抵御疾病
④the
sun's
rays阳光
⑤prevent...from...阻止；防止
⑥sense
of
touch触觉
⑦get
burnt烧伤
⑧lead
to导致
⑨give
first
aid进行急救
⑩a
variety
of各种各样的
?radiation
n．辐射；放射线
?acid
n．酸；adj.酸的；酸性的
?be
divided
into被分为
?depend
on根据；随……而定
?the
top
few
millimetres
of
skin
皮肤表面几毫米
?mild
sunburn轻微的晒伤
?minor
household
incidents轻微的家庭事故
?below
the
top
layer表层以下
?take
time
to
do
sth.花费时间做某事
?electric
shock触电；电击
severe
internal
injury严重的内伤
victim
n．受害者；患者
mildly
swollen微肿
mildly
painful微痛
watery
surface表层渗液
extremely
painful极其疼痛
the
tissue
underneath皮下组织
around
the
edges
of
the
burn在创面四周
running
water自来水；流水
stop
the
burning
process阻止烧伤的进程
reduce
the
pain减少疼痛
if
necessary如果有必要的话
stick
to粘住
cover...with...用……覆盖……
a
loose
clean
cloth一块宽松的干净布
apply...to把……涂到……
cause
infection引起感染
make
sure确保
suffer
from患(某种病)；受(某种病痛)折磨
an
urgent
need迫切需要
at
once立即
原文呈现
FIRST
AID
FOR
BURNS
The
skin
is
an
essential
part
of①
your
body
and
is
its
largest
organ.Your
skin
acts
as②
a
barrier
against
disease③，toxins，and
the
sun's
rays④.It
also
helps
control
your
body
temperature，prevents
your
body
from⑤
losing
too
much
water，warns
you
when
things
are
too
hot
or
cold(1)，and
gives
you
your
sense
of
touch⑥.As
you
can
imagine(2)，getting
burnt⑦
can
lead
to⑧
very
serious
injuries.The
first
and
most
important
step
in
the
treatment
of
burns
is
giving
first
aid⑨.
(1)when引导时间状语从句。
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面主句的内容。
CAUSES
OF
BURNS
You
can
get
burnt
by
a
variety
of⑩
things：hot
liquids，steam，fire，radiation?，the
sun，electricity，acids?，or
other
chemicals.
TYPES
OF
BURNS
Burns
are
divided
into?
three
types，depending
on?
the
depth
of
skin
damage(3)．
(3)现在分词短语作方式状语。
●First?degree
burns
These
affect
only
the
top
few
millimetres
of
skin?.
These
burns
are
not
serious.Examples
include
mild
sunburn?
and
burns
caused
by
other
minor
household
incidents?(4)．
(4)过去分词短语作名词burns的后置定语。
●Second?degree
burns
These
go
below
the
top
layer?
of
the
skin.They
are
serious
and
take
a
few
weeks
to?
get
better.Examples
include
burns
caused
by
hot
liquids(5)．
(5)过去分词短语作名词burns的后置定语。
●Third?degree
burns
These
affect
every
layer
of
the
skin，and
sometimes
the
tissue
under
it.Examples
include
burns
caused
by
electric
shocks?，burning
clothes，or
petrol
fires.These
burns
cause
very
severe
internal
injuries
and
the
victim
must
go
to
the
hospital
at
once(6)．
(6)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
BURNS
First?degree
burns
●dry，red
and
mildly
swollen
●mildly
painful
●turn
white
when
pressed(7)
(7)when
pressed为时间状语从句when
they
are
pressed的省略形式。
Second?degree
burns
●red
and
swollen，blisters，watery
surface
●extremely
painful
Third?degree
burns
●black
and
white
●swollen；the
tissue
underneath
can
often
be
seen
●little
or
no
pain
if
nerves
are
damaged(8)；may
be
painful
around
the
edges
of
the
burn
(8)if引导条件状语从句。
FIRST?AID
TREATMENT
1 Place
burns
under
cool
running
water，especially
within
the
first
ten
minutes.The
cool
water
stops
the
burning
process
and
reduces
the
pain
and
swelling.
2 Dry
the
burnt
area
gently
with
a
clean
cloth.
3 Remove
any
clothes
using
scissors
if
necessary，unless
you
see
the
fabric
sticking
to
the
burnt
skin(9)．
(9)unless引导条件状语从句。
4 Cover
the
burnt
area
with
a
loose
clean
cloth.Applying
oil
to
the
injured
areas
is
a
bad
idea，as
it
will
keep
the
heat
in
the
wounds
and
may
cause
infection(10)．
(10)动名词短语Applying...injured
areas作主语，as引导原因状语从句。
5 If
burns
are
on
the
face，make
sure
the
victim
can
still
breathe(11)．
(11)if引导条件状语从句，make
sure后是省略了that的宾语从句。
6 If
the
victim
is
suffering
from
second
or
third?degree
burns(12)，there
is
an
urgent
need
to
take
him/her
to
the
hospital
at
once.
(12)if引导条件状语从句。
译文参考
烧伤急救
皮肤是人体的重要组成部分，也是人体最大的器官。你的皮肤是抵御疾病、毒素和阳光的屏障。它还有助于控制体温，防止身体失去太多的水分，当东西太热或太冷时，给你警告，并使你有触觉。正如你想象的那样，烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。治疗烧伤的第一步也是最重要的一步是进行急救。
烧伤的原因
你会被各种各样的东西灼伤：热的液体、蒸汽、火、辐射、太阳、电、酸或其他化学物质。
烧伤的种类
根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。
●一度烧伤：只影响皮肤表面几毫米。这些烧伤不严重。例如轻微的晒伤和其他轻微的家庭事故造成的灼伤。
●二度烧伤：位于皮肤表层以下。它们是严重的，需要几个星期才能好起来。例如由灼热的液体引起的烫伤。
●三度烧伤：会影响皮肤的每一层，有时还会影响到皮下组织。例如由电击、衣服燃烧或汽油火灾引起的烧伤。这些烧伤会造成非常严重的内伤，受害者必须马上去医院。
燃烧的特点
一度烧伤
●干燥、发红、微肿
●微痛
●受压时变白
二度烧伤
●发红、肿胀、起水泡、表层渗液
●极其疼痛
三度烧伤
●黑白相间
●肿胀；通常可看到皮下组织
●若损害了神经，则没有疼痛或轻微疼痛，在创面四周有疼感
急救处理
1 把烧伤的部位放在自来水下冲洗，特别是在开始的十分钟内。凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，减少疼痛和肿胀。
2 用干净的布轻轻擦干烧伤的地方。
3 如果有必要的话，用剪刀剪掉衣服，除非你看到布料粘在烧焦的皮肤上。
4 用一块宽松的干净布覆盖烧伤区域。在烧伤的地方涂油是不明智的，因为它会使里面的热散不出去，并可能导致感染。
5 如果是面部烧伤，确保受害者还能呼吸。
6 如果受害者属于二度或三度烧伤，就需要立即送他/她去医院。
1/9课时分层作业(十五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Sunstroke
(中暑)
is
a
condition
that
can
quickly
go
from
dangerous
to
deadly，especially
if
proper
care
isn't
given
immediately.
Sunstroke，sometimes
called
heatstroke，is
a
result
of
the
body
temperature
rising
above
the
safe
limit.This
causes
the
body's
necessary
functions
to
stop
working.
It's
usually
pretty
easy
to
avoid
sunstroke，as
long
as
proper
action
is
taken.In
that
case，you
need
to
act
as
quickly
as
possible
to
return
that
person's
body
to
a
safe
temperature.Here
are
a
few
tips
to
help
treat
sunstroke.
Call
for
help
Call
to
get
an
ambulance
as
quickly
as
possible.This
should
be
the
first
thing
you
do，especially
if
the
sunstroke
person
has
fainted
(昏倒)．Also，call
for
help
from
anyone
nearby
if
you're
in
a
public
place.If
there's
no
one
around，call
someone
nearby
if
they
can
get
there
sooner
than
an
ambulance.Ask
everyone
to
bring
you
as
much
water
as
possible，if
there
isn't
much
nearby.
Get
the
person
to
a
cooler
area
If
there's
a
building
nearby，aim
for
that.Anywhere
with
plenty
of
air
conditioners
and
water
is
perfect.If
a
building
isn't
available，bring
the
person
to
a
well?shaded
area.
Get
the
water
flowing
If
the
person
is
still
conscious，get
him
or
her
to
drink
water.If
there's
a
bathtub
available，fill
it
with
cool
water
and
put
the
person
in
it.
If
your
water
supply
is
limited，you
have
to
save
it.Dampen
a
towel
or
shirt
and
put
it
on
the
person's
body.Focus
on
the
face，neck，and
chest.
Fan
the
person
Getting
moving
air
over
the
person
cools
him
or
her
down.Use
anything，a
towel
or
sheet，a
shirt，your
hands，or
a
piece
of
board.This
is
where
having
many
people
around
really
helps，as
they
can
combine
to
fan
the
entire
body.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中暑的危害以及中暑后的一些急救措施。
1．When
does
a
person
get
sunstroke?
A．When
the
body
doesn't
function.
B．When
proper
care
is
given
immediately.
C．When
someone
is
exposed
to
the
sun
too
long.
D．When
the
body
temperature
goes
up
beyond
what
one
can
bear.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知，当人体的体温超过所能承受的安全极限时，就会中暑，即D项正确。]
2．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
mentioned
in
the
text?
A．Call
for
assistance
from
others.
B．Leave
the
sunstroke
person
in
the
shade.
C．Put
a
wet
towel
on
the
person's
face.
D．Help
the
person
take
some
medicine.
D [细节理解题。根据Call
for
help中的第三句可知A项正确；根据Get
the
person
to
a
cooler
area中的第三句可知B项正确；根据Get
the
water
flowing中的第二段的第二、三句可知C项正确；D项在文章中没有提到。]
3．What
is
mainly
discussed
in
the
passage?
A．The
first
aid
for
sunstroke.
B．The
causes
of
sunstroke.
C．The
chief
symptoms
of
sunstroke.
D．The
essential
prevention
of
sunstroke.
A [主旨大意题。文章首先介绍了何为中暑以及中暑的危害，结合第三段的最后一句“Here
are
a
few
tips
to
help
treat
sunstroke.”可知，下文讲述的是中暑时需要采取的急救措施，即A项正确。]
4．The
text
probably
comes
from
a(n)
．
A．guidebook
B．book
review
C．medical
magazine
D．official
document
C [文章出处题。文章主要介绍了中暑以及中暑后如何急救的相关知识，故有可能选自一本医学杂志，即C项正确。]
B
In
summer
the
extreme
heat
often
makes
people
sweaty
and
restless.While
people
are
annoyed
by
it，experts
suggest
summer
is
the
best
season
to
discharge
(排放)
your
body's
toxins
(毒素)
and
recover
your
energy.
One
popular
option
is
hot?stone
massage
(按摩)．Therapists
use
smooth
and
heated
stones，usually
river
rocks，to
massage
certain
parts
of
the
body，or
place
them
on
key
points
of
the
body.The
warmth
of
the
hot
stones
will
improve
blood
circulation
and
also
help
relax
muscles，while
sweating
is
also
believed
to
be
good
for
discharging
the
body's
toxins.
Another
popular
option
is
hot?stone
baths.The
hot?stone
bath
will
help
the
body
discharge
toxins
and
humidity
that
accumulated
during
the
last
winter.Summer
is
the
best
season
to
build
a
good
body.Rather
than
use
water
or
steam
to
heat
and
wash
the
body，people
simply
wear
a
coat
or
something
comfortable，and
then
lie
on
heated
stone
tablets
made
of
hot
stones，which
are
warmed
to
around
45℃.The
body
will
gradually
warm
up
and
blood
circulation
will
also
be
improved.More
sweat
will
come
out
quickly.The
sweat
is
smooth
and
fresh，not
smelly
like
that
released
after
sports
activities.Such
baths
bring
a
number
of
health
benefits，such
as
anti?aging，improved
blood
circulation
and
stress
relief.The
slimming
effect
of
dieting
can
even
be
promoted.
Using
hot
stones
for
healing
dates
back
to
ancient
times，but
the
modern
renewal
of
hot?stone
massage
is
generally
credited
to
Mary
Nelson，a
native
of
Tucson，Arizona，America，whose
trademark
is
“LaStone
Therapy”．
The
therapy
is
gaining
wide
popularity
with
many
people，especially
those
who
have
jobs
in
cool
air?conditioned
rooms.The
hot?stone
therapy
can
help
cure
many
diseases，including
back
pain.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有利于人们排毒的热石按摩和热石浴。
5．What
do
people
use
to
release
toxins
in
our
body
according
to
the
text?
A．Washing
the
body
with
cold
water.
B．Discharging
lots
of
sweat.
C．Relaxing
muscles.
D．Lying
on
the
warm
beds.
B [细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“while
sweating
is
also
believed
to
be
good
for
discharging
the
body's
toxins”可知，出汗是释放毒素的一个很好的办法。]
6．What
can
we
know
from
the
text?
A．Sports
have
greater
effects
on
the
health
than
hot?stone
massage.
B．There
are
no
toxins
and
humidity
in
the
body
in
summer.
C．Using
water
of
about
45℃
to
wash
the
body
is
good
for
the
health.
D．People
should
take
advantage
of
summer
to
improve
their
health.
D [细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While
people
are
annoyed
by
it，experts
suggest
summer
is
the
best
season
to
discharge
(排放)
your
body's
toxins
(毒素)
and
recover
your
energy.”可知，专家说夏天是释放身体毒素恢复精力的最好的季节。]
7．What
can
be
learned
about
the
hot?stone
therapy?
A．It
was
invented
by
Mary
Nelson，an
American.
B．It
successfully
cured
many
people
of
cancer.
C．It
is
popular
with
people
with
its
excellent
effects.
D．It
can
help
people
avoid
sweating
too
much
in
hot
summer.
C [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The
therapy
is
gaining
wide
popularity
with
many
people，especially
those
who
have
jobs
in
cool
air
conditioned
rooms.”可知，这种疗法因为极好的效果而受到人们的欢迎。]
8．Which
of
the
following
could
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A．The
origin
and
development
of
the
hot?stone
therapy
B．The
amazing
functions
of
the
hot?stone
therapy
C．A
healthy
and
comfortable
lifestyle
D．How
to
live
comfortably
in
summer
B [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了热石疗法及其神奇功效。]
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。续写的词数应为150左右。
I
hit
the
back
window
of
a
new
car
with
a
hammer.In
a
flash
I
was
in.I
started
the
car，just
like
my
older
brother
had
taught
me.I
was
12
then.It
seems
crazy
now.Today，everyone
knows
me
as
Donald
Driver，a
famous
football
player.I've
dedicated(致力于)
my
life
after
football
to
helping
disadvantaged
kids
around
the
country.
Mom
would
have
killed
me
if
she'd
known
what
I
was
up
to.My
dad
had
gone
to
prison
while
she
was
pregnant
with
me.Mom
wanted
a
better
life
for
me，my
two
brothers
and
two
sisters.She
worked
long
hours
to
support
us.But
she
often
fell
behind
on
rent
and
then
we'd
have
to
move.Trouble
really
started
when
we
moved
next
door
to
a
man
named
J．R.Mom
trusted
him
to
care
us
while
she
was
at
work，and
he
did.What
Mom
didn't
know
was
that
J．R.
and
his
friends
were
dealing
drugs.
My
older
brother
Moses
and
I
served
as
lookouts(放哨人)．We
knew
it
was
wrong，but
the
money
was
too
good—$100
a
night.We
broke
it
into
smaller
bills，and
regularly
slipped
some
into
Mom's
purse.Then
Moses
discovered
we
could
bring
in
even
more
cash
by
stealing
cars.We
practiced
giving
the
same
smile，hug
and
kiss
for
my
mom
when
we
came
home，no
matter
what
we'd
done
on
the
streets.
Now，though，I
was
about
to
get
caught.The
police
got
closer.I
turned
into
a
back
alley.Suddenly，up
ahead，a
car
backed
out
of
a
driveway.I
saw
a
little
old
lady
sitting
in
the
driver's
seat.But
it
was
too
late.I
stopped
and
jumped
out
to
see
if
the
old
lady
was
damaged.The
woman，Evelyn
Johnson，looked
angry，but
unhurt.“Go
sit
in
my
house
right
now，”she
said.It
was
the
tone
of
voice
that
no
kid
can
disobey.The
police
arrived
and
began
to
question
the
old
woman.
“The
man
who
did
this
ran
that
way，”she
said，pointing
down
the
alley.
Paragraph
1：
When
the
police
drove
off，
Paragraph
2：
I
spent
more
time
studying
and
football
kept
me
busy
too.
[参考范文]
When
the
police
drove
off，Evelyn
Johnson
pushed
some
cookies
in
front
of
me.“You've
been
given
an
opportunity，”she
said.“Don't
waste
it.There
aren't
any
second
chances.”I
went
back
to
Miss
Johnson's
house
a
few
days
later，trying
to
do
something
for
damaging
her
car.I
went
again
the
next
week，and
I
kept
going
back.“How
are
your
grades？”she'd
ask.“Did
you
win
the
game？”I
liked
that
she
cared.Sure，my
mom
cared，a
lot，but
she
worked
so
much.Miss
Johnson
always
had
the
time.Over
the
years，Miss
Johnson
had
become
like
a
real
grandmother
to
me.
I
spent
more
time
studying
and
football
kept
me
busy
too.
All
throughout
the
difficulties，I
thought
about
Miss
Johnson
and
the
chance
she'd
given
me.I
worked
hard
on
the
football
field
and
became
a
famous
football
player.I
turned
down
an
alley
to
escape
the
police.Little
did
I
know
I'd
find
a
way
to
a
better
life
than
I
could
ever
have
imagined.
6/6课时分层作业(十四)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We
decided
to
delay
(delay)
our
holiday
until
next
month.
2．I
started
spitting
blood
and
my
mother
panicked
(panic)．
3．What
is
more，consumers
feel
annoyed
to
be
interrupted
(interrupt)
when
they
are
watching
TV
play.
4．A
scream
for
help
came
from
inside
the
building.
5．He
is
so
selfish
that
he
always
places
himself
before
his
fellows
(fellow)．
6．After
four
days
she
is
bored
and
desperate
to
get
(get)
back
to
work.
7．It's
an
interesting
scientific
phenomenon，but
of
no
practical
(practice)
use
whatever.
8．James
went
to
his
daughter
and
hugged
her
tightly
(tight)．
9．The
bridge
collapsed
(collapse)
under
the
weight
of
the
train
last
week.
10．“Why
did
Ben
do
that？”
she
asked，in
a
choked
(choke)
voice.
Ⅱ.完形填空
First
aid
is
emergency
care
for
a
victim
of
sudden
illness
or
injury
until
more
skillful
medical
treatment
is
available.First
aid
may
save
a
1
or
improve
certain
vital
signs
including
a
pulse，temperature，an
unobstructed
(畅通无阻的)
airway，and
breathing.In
2
emergencies，first
aid
may
prevent
a
victim's
condition
from
worsening
and
provide
relief
from
3
．First
aid
must
be
performed
as
4
as
possible.In
the
case
of
the
critically
injured，a
few
minutes
can
make
the
difference
between
complete
recovery
and
loss
of
life.
First?aid
measures
5
a
victim's
needs
and
the
provider's
level
of
knowledge
and
skill.Knowing
what
not
to
do
in
an
emergency
is
as
6
as
knowing
what
to
do.Improperly
moving
a
person
with
a
neck
injury，for
example，can
7
permanent
spinal
injury
and
paralysis.
Despite
the
variety
of
possible
injuries，several
principles
of
first
aid
8
to
all
emergencies.The
first
step
is
to
call
for
professional
medical
help.The
victim，if
conscious，should
be
reassured
that
medical
aid
has
been
9
，and
asked
for
permission
to
provide
any
first
aid.Next，judge
the
scene，asking
other
people
or
the
injured
person's
family
or
friends
about
10
of
the
injury
or
illness，any
care
that
may
have
already
been
given，and
pre?existing
(早先存在的)
conditions
such
as
diabetes
or
heart
trouble.The
victim
should
be
11
for
medical
bracelet
or
card
that
describes
special
medical
conditions.
12
the
accident
scene
becomes
unsafe
or
the
victim
may
suffer
further
injury，do
not
13
the
victim.
Once
obvious
injuries
have
been
evaluated，the
injured
person's
head
should
be
kept
in
a
neutral
position
in
line
with
the
body.If
no
14
exists
to
suggest
potential
skull
(颅骨)
or
spinal
injury，place
the
injured
person
in
a
comfortable
position.Positioned
15
one's
side，a
victim
can
vomit
without
choking
or
obstructing
the
airway.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了急救的重要性，并详细地介绍了一些急救方面的知识，比如在不同的紧急情况下，应该采取哪些急救措施呢？
1．A.chance
B．disaster
C．life
D．family
C [结合常识和后面的“improve
certain
vital
signs
including
a
pulse，temperature，an
unobstructed
airway，and
breathing”可知，急救可以拯救一个人的性命。]
2．A.minor
B．severe
C．unique
D．certain
A [根据空格后面的“first
aid
may
prevent
a
victim's
condition
from
worsening”可知，急救可以阻止受害者的状况变得更加严重，也与“In
the
case
of
the
critically
injured”中的critically形成对比，因此应该是相对来说受伤不太严重的紧急情况下。]
3．A.pressure
B．pain
C．guilty
D．injury
B [由前面的“provide
relief
from”可知，急救可缓解受伤者的痛苦。]
4．A.carefully
B．correctly
C．mildly
D．quickly
D [结合语境可知，此处表示急救应该尽快进行。]
5．A.depend
upon
B．contribute
to
C．consist
of
D．approve
of
A [根据前面的“First?aid
measures”和后面的“a
victim's
needs
and
the
provider's
level
of
knowledge
and
skill”可知，急救的措施，取决于一个受害人的需要和提供者的知识技能水平。]
6．A.temporary
B．basic
C．important
D．fortunate
C [结合空前的“Knowing
what
not
to
do
in
an
emergency”和后面的“as
knowing
what
to
do”可知，此处表示知道在紧急情况下不该做什么与知道做什么同等重要。]
7．A.result
from
B．suffer
from
C．take
on
D．lead
to
D [由空格前面的“Improperly
moving
a
person
with
a
neck
injury”和后面的“permanent
spinal
injury
and
paralysis”可知，错误的急救措施会导致永久性的脊椎损伤或者瘫痪。]
8．A.apply
B．refer
C．turn
D．respond
A [根据空格前面的“several
principles
of
first
aid”和后面的“all
emergencies”可知，几个急救原则适用于所有的紧急情况。]
9．A.needed
B．selected
C．requested
D．refused
C [此处与前面的reassured呼应，指告诉他已经请求了医疗救助。]
10．A.details
B．roots
C．results
D．effects
A [参见上题解析。]
11．A.recorded
B．measured
C．checked
D．observed
C [结合空格前面的“The
victim”和后面的“for
medical
bracelet
or
card
that
describes
special
medical
conditions”可知，此处表示受害者应该被核对描述特殊医学状况的医疗手镯或者卡片。]
12．A.Although
B．When
C．Because
D．Unless
D [结合后面的“the
accident
scene
becomes
unsafe
or
the
victim
may
suffer
further
injury”可知，此处表示除非受伤现场变得不安全或者受伤者可能遭到进一步的伤害。]
13．A.move
B．save
C．touch
D．defend
A [此处指除了一些特殊情况外，不要移动受害者。]
14．A.analysis
B．explanation
C．experience
D．evidence
D [根据语境可知，此处表示如果没有证据表明(受伤者有)潜在的颅骨或脊椎伤害。]
15．A.to
B．with
C．on
D．at
C [on
one's
side此处表示“侧身躺在一边”。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
The
British
have
many
traditions
but
there
is
nothing
more
quintessential
(典型的)
than
taking
afternoon
tea.We
know
the
British
have
a
love
affair
with
drinking
tea，1.
more
than
160
million
cups
drunk
every
day，but
it
was
the
invention
of
afternoon
tea
that
turned
tea?drinking
into
2.
popular
pastime.
This
sociable
feast
involves
drinking
good
quality
tea
3.
(comfort)
while
nibbling
(小口吃)
on
nice
sandwiches，scones
with
jam
and
cream
and
a
selection
of
small
cakes.And，of
course，it
can
only
happen
in
the
afternoon！Afternoon
tea，4.
(design)
as
a
light
snack
to
bridge
the
gap
between
lunch
and
dinner，dates
back
to
the
1840s.
It
went
on
to
become
a
5.
(fashion)
social
occasion
for
the
upper
classes.
Now
there
is
a
resurgence
(复苏)
in
its
6.
(popular)
in
the
UK
and
it
is
available
to
anyone
who
can
afford
it.7.
it
can
be
enjoyed
at
home，the
best
way
to
experience
it
is
at
a
smart
hotel
of
café.But
if
you're
thinking
of
visiting
such
a
place
8.
(enjoy)
a
plate
of
sweet
and
tasty
treats
with
a
steaming
hot
brew，remember
the
rules
you
must
follow
to
avoid
9.
(ask)
to
leave.
Writer
Henry
James
once
noted
that
“there
are
few
hours
in
life
more
agreeable
than
the
hour
devoted
to
the
ceremony
known
as
afternoon
tea”．I'm
sure
once
you
try
it，you
10.
(agree)．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者介绍了英式下午茶。
1．with [考查介词。句意：我们都知道英国人爱喝茶，他们每天要喝掉1.6亿多杯茶。故填with。]
2．a [考查冠词。单数可数名词前用不定冠词表泛指。句意：不过，下午茶的发明才真正将品茶变成了一项受欢迎的休闲活动。故填a。]
3．comfortably [考查副词。修饰整个句子用副词形式。]
4．designed [考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语Afternoon
tea与动词design之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。]
5．fashionable [考查形容词。冠词后、名词前用形容词作定语。句意：之后，下午茶的习惯逐渐成为上流社会时髦的社交活动。]
6．popularity [考查名词。代词its后接名词形式。句意：如今下午茶的风潮又在英国兴起。]
7．Though/Although/While [考查连词。根据前后句逻辑关系可知，这里引导让步状语从句。]
8．to
enjoy [考查非谓语动词。这里用不定式作目的状语。]
9．being
asked [考查非谓语动词。动词avoid后接doing作宾语。逻辑主语you与ask之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。]
10．will
agree [考查时态。主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时或现在完成时表将来。]
5/51．radiate
vt.发射出(光、热等)
→radiation
n．辐射；放射线
2．metre
n．米→millimetre
n.
毫米；千分之一米
3．minor
adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→minority
n．少数；少数民族
4．urgent
adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→urgency
n．紧迫；急迫；急事
5．loose
adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→loosely
adv.松弛地；零散地
1．acid
n．酸
adj.酸的；酸性的；尖刻的
①Everyone
doesn't
like
to
hear
the
acid
remarks.
尖刻的
②This
chemical
acts
as
a
part
of
an
acid
in
our
experiment.
酸
③Cars
cause
pollution，both
smog
and
acid
rain.
酸的；酸性的
2．minor
adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的
n．未成年人；辅修科目
①He
had
three
minors
this
semester.
辅修科目
②This
is
a
very
minor
operation
and
there
is
very
little
risk
involved.
较小的
③The
law
forbids
shops
to
sell
alcohol
to
minors.
未成年人
Words
And
Phrases
technique
n．技能；技术；技艺
(教材P50) What
first?aid
techniques
do
you
know
of?
你知道哪些急救技巧？
[例1] The
new
technique
works
better
than
the
one
it
has
replaced.
这项新技术比之前的效果要好。
[例2] She
needs
to
work
on
her
interview
technique
if
she's
going
to
get
a
job.
如果她想找到工作，就需要在面试技巧上下功夫。
[翻译] 处理那类问题他有特殊技巧。
He
has
a
special
technique
for
dealing
with
problems
of
that
sort.
[知识拓展]
have
a
technique
for
有……的技术
technique
in
……方面的技术
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①They
learn
basic
techniques
in
self?defence.
②Dick
Fosbury
had
a
new
technique
for
doing
the
high
jump.
sense
of
touch触觉
(教材P50) It
also
helps
control
your
body
temperature，prevents
your
body
from
losing
too
much
water，warns
you
when
things
are
too
hot
or
cold，and
gives
you
your
sense
of
touch.
你的皮肤是抵御疾病、毒素和阳光的屏障。它还有助于控制体温，防止身体失去太多的水分，当东西太热或太冷时，给你警告，并使你有触觉。
[例1] His
sense
of
touch
gradually
took
the
place
of
sight.
他的触觉逐步代替了视觉。
[例2] Newly
developed
robots
have
a
sense
of
touch
and
are
able
to
see
and
make
decisions.
新开发的机器人有触觉，可以看见物体，还能做决定。
[翻译] 他们非常相信自己的触觉。
They
trusted
their
own
sense
of
touch
very
much.
[知识拓展]
sense
of
responsibility/duty
责任感，责任心
sense
of
humor
幽默感，幽默
sense
of
belonging
归宿感，归属感
sense
of
smell
嗅觉
sense
of
beauty
美感；审美感
sense
of
direction
方向感
[即学即练] 完成句子
①Good
chef
must
have
a
good
sense
of
smell.
好厨师必须有好嗅觉。
②He
had
a
poor
sense
of
direction
and
soon
got
lost.
他方向感很差，一会儿就迷路了。
③He
is
distinguished
for
his
sense
of
humor．
他以其幽默感著称。
minor
adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的
(教材P50) Examples
include
mild
sunburn
and
burns
caused
by
other
minor
household
incidents.
例如轻微的晒伤和其他轻微的家庭事故造成的灼伤。
[例1] That's
a
relatively
minor
matter.We
can
leave
it
till
later.
相对来说那是件小事。我们可以把它留到以后解决。
[例2] Even
minor
head
injuries
can
cause
long?lasting
psychological
effects.
即使是轻微的头部创伤也会对心理产生长期影响。
[翻译] 就是小问题才会累积。
It's
the
little
minor
problems
that
add
up.
[知识拓展]
(1)a
minor
matter
小事
a
minor
party
少数党
(2)minority
n．
[U，C]少数民族；少数
a/the
minority
of
少数的
be
in
the/a
minority
占少数
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This
is
a
minor
matter，but
I
actually
think
it
is
my
life
biggest
pain.
②It
is
reported
that
women
are
in
the
minority
at
the
meeting.
③It's
clear
that
only
a
minority
of
people
support
these
new
laws.
loose
adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的
(教材P51) Cover
the
burnt
area
with
a
loose
clean
cloth.
用一块宽松的干净布覆盖烧伤区域。
[例1] She
is
wearing
a
loose
dress.
她穿着一件宽松的连衣裙。
[例2] His
logic
is
too
loose
to
make
much
sense.
他的推理太不严密，没什么道理。
[翻译] 马自由自在地在田野里。
The
horse
is
loose
in
the
field.
[知识拓展]
at
a
loose
end
无所事事；无事可做
break
loose
from
摆脱，挣脱
have
(got)
a
loose
tongue
说话没遮拦
on
the
loose
在逃；不受约束
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I'm
at
a
bit
of
a
loose
end
this
afternoon.Do
you
fancy
a
game
of
tennis?
②Be
careful
what
you
tell
Sam—she's
got
a
very
loose
tongue，you
know.
③There
are
ten
prisoners
on
the
loose.
urgent
adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的
(教材P51) If
the
victim
is
suffering
from
second
or
third?degree
burns，there
is
an
urgent
need
to
take
him/her
to
the
hospital
at
once.
如果受害者属于二度或三度烧伤，就需要立即送他/她去医院。
[例1] Can
you
come
to
the
phone—it
sounds
urgent.
你能来接个电话吗——听起来挺紧急的。
[例2] Don't
forget
that
one，it's
rather
urgent.
别把那事忘了，情况相当紧急。
[翻译] 现在她需要紧急治疗。
She
needs
urgent
treatment
now.
[知识拓展]
(1)an
urgent
problem
急迫的问题
be
urgent
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
急切地催促某人做某事
It
is
most
urgent
that...
……很紧急
(2)urgently
adv.
紧急地，急迫地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①“Do
you
see
it？”
he
demanded
urgently(urgent)．
②It
is
most
urgent
that
the
patient
should
get
to
hospital.
③She
was
urgent
for
the
doctor
to
come(come)．
ease
vt.减轻；缓解
vi.&
vt.使容易；使顺利
n．容易；舒适；自在
(教材P51) Putting
butter
or
oil
on
burns
helps
because
it
may
reduce
swelling
and
ease
discomfort.
在烧伤的地方涂上黄油或油会有帮助，因为它可以减少肿胀和缓解不适。
[例1] A
smile
is
a
sign
that
you
are
happy，which
helps
put
people
at
ease.
微笑表示你感到高兴，它能使人感到自在。
[例2] My
parents
are
retired
and
now
live
a
life
of
ease.
我的父母都退休了，现在过着安逸舒适的生活。
[翻译] 医生给了他一些止痛药来减轻他的痛苦。
The
doctor
gave
him
some
painkillers
to
ease
the
pain.
[知识拓展]
(1)take
one's
ease
使某人放松一下
at
ease
舒适；快活；自由自在
put
sb.
at
ease
使某人感到轻松自在；
使某人安心
feel/look
at
ease
感到/看上去心情放松
with
ease
容易地；毫不费劲地
(2)ease
sb.
of
sth.
减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He
handed
her
a
cup
of
coffee
to
put
her
at
ease.
②I
don't
feel
at
ease
in
the
strange
place.
在这个陌生的地方，我觉得很不自在。
③This
medicine
will
ease
you
of
your
pain．
这种药会缓解你的痛苦。
④Now
he
can
set
his
mind
at
ease
because
he
has
passed
the
examination
with
ease．
现在他可以放心了，因为他已经轻松地通过了考试。
Sentence
Patterns
as引导非限制性定语从句
(教材P50) As
you
can
imagine，getting
burnt
can
lead
to
very
serious
injuries.
正如你想象的那样，烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。
句式分析：句中As
you
can
imagine
是关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容，作imagine的宾语。
[例1] As
you
can
imagine，running
out
of
memory
is
a
bad
thing.
正如您可以想象的，内存耗尽是一件很糟糕的事情。
[例2] As
you
know，if
you
do
the
same
thing
over
and
over
again，you
begin
to
do
it
automatically.正如你所知道的，如果你反复做同一件事，你就会不自觉地做它。
[翻译] 众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
As
is
known
to
all，China
is
a
country
with
the
largest
population
in
the
world.
[知识拓展]
(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句的内容，置于主句的前、中、后均可，意为“正如……”。
(2)as在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，通常可用it作形式主语，后接that引导的主语从句或用what引导的主语从句来转换。
(3)引导限制性定语从句。这时，其先行词的前面通常有such，the
same
修饰，构成the
same...as，such...as结构。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译
①This
man，as
you
know，is
good
for
nothing.
②He
borrowed
the
same
book
as
the
one
I
am
reading.
③Einstein，as
is
well
known，is
a
famous
scientist.＝It
is
well
known
that
Einstein
is
a
famous
scientist.＝What
is
well
known
is
that
Einstein
is
a
famous
scientist.
众所周知，爱因斯坦是位著名的科学家。
if...省略句结构
(教材P51) Remove
any
clothes
using
scissors
if
necessary，unless
you
see
the
fabric
sticking
to
the
burnt
skin.
如果有必要的话，用剪刀剪掉衣服，除非你看到布料粘在烧焦的皮肤上。
句式分析：句中if
necessary为if
it
is
necessary的省略结构。
[例1] If
necessary
the
patient
can
then
visit
his
doctor
for
further
advice.
如有必要，病人可以上门咨询自己的医生以得到更多的建议。
[例2] The
article
could
be
spun
out
to
6，000
words
if
necessary.
如果需要的话，这篇文章可以加长到六千字。
[翻译] 如果需要，打个电话给我。
If
necessary，give
me
a
ring.
[知识拓展]
if
possible
如果可能的话
if
so
假如这样的话
if
not
假如不是这样的话；不然的话；否则
if
ever
即使有
[即学即练] 完成句子
①I
might
see
you
tomorrow.If
not，then
it'll
be
Saturday.
我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就是周六。
②If
possible，I
wish
to
go
there
next
summer.
如果可能，我希望明年夏天去那里。
③They
think
she
may
try
to
phone.If
so，someone
must
stay
here.
他们认为她可能来电话。要是这样的话，就得有人守在这儿。
④He
seldom，if
ever，goes
to
the
movies
by
himself.
他不会，即使有也很少，单独去看电影的。
1．It
also
helps
control
your
body
temperature，prevents
your
body
from
losing
too
much
water，warns
you
when
things
are
too
hot
or
cold，and
gives
you
your
sense
of
touch.
[分析]
句中and连接表示顺承关系的四个并列谓语，其中when
things
are
too
hot
or
cold为when引导的时间状语从句。
[译文]
它还有助于控制体温，防止身体失去太多的水分，当东西太热或太冷时，给你警告，并使你有触觉。
2．Applying
oil
to
the
injured
areas
is
a
bad
idea，as
it
will
keep
the
heat
in
the
wounds
and
may
cause
infection.
[分析]
句中Applying
oil
to
the
injured
areas为动名词短语作主语，谓语为第三人称单数，as引导的是一个原因状语从句。
[译文]
在烧伤的地方涂油是不明智的，因为它会使里面的热散不出去，并可能导致感染。
教材
高考
1.Your
skin
acts
as
a
barrier
against
disease，toxins，and
the
sun's
rays.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While
the
sun's
rays
can
age
and
harm
our
skin，they
also
give
us
beneficial
Vitamin
D.
2.If
the
victim
is
suffering
from
second
or
third?degree
burns，there
is
an
urgent
need
to
take
him/her
to
the
hospital
at
once.
(2019·天津卷)By
signaling
the
urgent
need
for
taking
preventive
action.
3.What
first?aid
techniques
do
you
know
of？
(2019·天津卷)I
don't
have
to
write
down
what
happened
or
what
technique
the
author
was
using
when
he
or
she
wrote
this.
4.If
burns
are
on
the
face，make
sure
the
victim
can
still
breathe.
(2019·北京卷)Taking
advantage
of
the
new
technologies，scammers
can
aim
at
victims
precisely.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．How
do
the
two
techniques(technique)
compare
in
terms
of
application?
2．Red
Cross
officials
said
they
urgently(urgent)
needed
bread
and
water.
3．The
murderer
escaped
from
prison
last
year
and
is
still
on
the
loose.
4．Rescue
workers
are
digging
through
the
rubble
in
search
of
other
victims(victim)．
5．And
they
are
still
rising
by
about
5
millimetres
(millimetre)
a
year.
6．Her
hair
started
falling
out
as
a
result
of
radiation
(radiate)
treatment.
7．The
evidence
suggests
that
our
sense
of
touch
is
programmed
to
diminish
with
age.
8．The
eye
is
one
of
the
most
delicate
organs
(organ)
of
the
body.
9．It
will
be
sunny
this
afternoon.If
so，we
will
go
swimming.
10．As
we
all
know，England
is
an
island
among
the
Atlantic
Ocean.
Ⅱ.短语填空
sense
of
touch；have
a
technique
for；at
a
loose
end；an
urgent
problem；if
necessary
1．I
could
come
earlier
tomorrow，if
necessary．
2．Adolescents
are
most
likely
to
get
into
trouble
when
they're
at
a
loose
end．
3．He
has
a
technique
for
improving
the
speed
of
the
train.
4．A
pianist
or
a
violinist
must
have
a
delicate
sense
of
touch．
5．How
to
improve
the
students'
Chinese
writing
abilities
remains
an
urgent
problem
to
solve
for
the
inland
minority
national
middle
schools.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The
skin
is
an
essential
part
of
your
body，1.which
acts
as
a
barrier
against
disease，toxins，and
the
sun's
rays.Its
getting
burned
can
lead
2.to
very
serious
injuries.Giving
first
aid
is
the
first
and
most
important
step
in
the
3.treatment
(treat)
of
burns.Burns
can
4.be
caused
(cause)
by
a
variety
of
things
like
hot
liquids，acids，or
other
chemicals.They
are
divided
into
three
types，depending
on
5.the
depth
of
skin
damage.First?degree
burns
affect
only
the
top
few
6.millimetres
(millimeter)
of
skin.Second?degree
burns
go
below
the
top
layer
of
the
skin.Third?degree
burns
affect
every
layer
of
the
skin，and
sometimes
the
tissue
under
it.If
you
get
7.burnt
(burn)，first
place
burns
under
cool
running
water.Then
dry
the
burnt
area
8.gently
(gent)
with
a
clean
cloth.Remove
any
clothes
9.using
(use)
scissors
if
necessary.Cover
the
burnt
area
with
a
loose
clean
cloth.If
the
victim
is
suffering
from
second
or
third?degree
burns，there
is
an
urgent
need
10.to
take
(take)
him/her
to
the
hospital
at
once.
9/9It
is
better
to
give
than
to
take.给予胜于索取。
The
most
important
purpose
of
first
aid
is
to
save
someone's
life.
急救最重要的目的是救人性命。
Gifts
of
roses，hand
there
are
lingering
fragrance.
赠人玫瑰，手有余香。
Help
people
to
start
from
the
little
things，not
good
for
small.
助人要从日常小事做起，不因善小而不为。
As
long
as
everyone
gives
a
little
love，the
world
will
become
a
beautiful
world!
只要人人都献出一点爱，世界将变成美好的人间！
It
is
important
for
you
to
learn
some
knowledge
about
first
aid
in
your
daily
life.If
a
person
has
an
accident，he
needs
medical
care
before
a
doctor
can
be
found.When
you
give
first
aid，you
must
pay
attention
to
three
things.First，when
a
person
stops
breathing，open
his/her
mouth
and
see
if
there
is
food
at
the
bulk
of
his/her
mouth.Second，if
a
person
cannot
breathe，do
your
best
to
start
his/her
breathing
at
once，using
a
mouth?to?mouth
way.Third，if
a
person
is
hurt
badly，try
at
once
to
stop
the
bleeding.Then
take
him/her
to
a
doctor.If
a
person
loses
one?third
of
his/her
blood，he/she
may
die.
First
aid
is
defined
as
the
emergency
care
given
to
a
sick
or
injured
person.The
goals
of
first
aid
are
to
prevent
death
and
to
prevent
injuries
from
becoming
worse.Each
emergency
condition
is
different.However，the
following
rules
apply
to
any
kind
of
emergency.
Be
aware
of
your
limitations.Do
not
try
to
do
more
than
you
are
able
to.Nor
should
you
do
things
if
you
are
unfamiliar
with
them.Do
what
you
can
under
the
conditions
at
the
time.
Stay
calm.Acting
calmly
will
help
the
victim
feel
safe.
Take
a
quick
look
to
see
if
the
victim
is
bleeding，and
if
there
is
a
pulse.
Keep
the
victim
lying
down
and
do
not
move
him/her.You
could
make
an
injury
worse
if
you
move
the
victim.
Call
for
help
or
ask
someone
to
make
the
EMS
system
(急救系统)
start.
Keep
the
victim
warm.Cover
the
victim
with
a
blanket.Coats
and
sweaters
can
be
used
if
a
blanket
can
not
be
found.
Reassure
(使……安心)
the
victim.Explain
what
is
happening
and
that
help
has
been
called.
Do
not
give
the
victim
any
food
or
fruits.
Keep
the
bystanders
(旁观者)
away
from
the
victim.Bystanders
want
to
have
a
look，offer
advice，and
say
something
about
the
victim's
condition.The
victim
may
believe
that
the
condition
is
worse
than
it
really
is.
[探索发现]
1．Find
out
the
main
idea
of
the
passage.
The
main
idea
of
the
text
is
about
how
to
give
first
aid.
2．Find
out
the
most
important
purpose
of
first
aid.
To
stop
death
and
to
prevent
injuries
from
becoming
worse.
3．Find
out
the
purpose
of
keeping
the
bystanders
away
from
the
victim.
Do
not
let
too
many
bystanders
around
to
interrupt
the
victim.
2/2速读P50－51教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．The
skin
can
help
to
protect
you
from
disease，toxins
and
the
sun's
rays.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not
mentioned.
2．Radiation
may
cause
you
to
get
burnt.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
3．First?degree
burns
are
very
serious.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
4．When
nerves
are
damaged，you
will
have
little
or
no
pain.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
5．If
burns
are
on
the
leg，make
sure
the
victim
can
still
walk.
A．Right.
B．Wrong.
C．Not
mentioned.
[答案] 1－5 AABAC
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．getting
burnt
B．giving
first
aid
C．losing
too
much
water
D．Applying
oil
to
the
injured
areas
E．depending
on
the
depth
of
skin
damage
F．sticking
to
the
burnt
skin
1．It
also
helps
control
your
body
temperature，prevents
your
body
from
，warns
you
when
things
are
too
hot
or
cold，and
gives
you
your
sense
of
touch.
2．As
you
can
imagine，
can
lead
to
very
serious
injuries.
3．The
first
and
most
important
step
in
the
treatment
of
burns
is
．
4．Burns
are
divided
into
three
types，
．
5．Remove
any
clothes
using
scissors
if
necessary，unless
you
see
the
fabric
．
6．
is
a
bad
idea，as
it
will
keep
the
heat
in
the
wounds
and
may
cause
infection.
[答案] 1－6 CABEFD
Ⅲ.表格填空
First?degree
burns
Second?degree
burns
Third?degree
burns
Depth
only
the
top
few
1．millimetres
of
skin
below
2.the
top
layer
of
the
skin
every
layer
of
the
skin，and
sometimes
3.the
tissue
under
it
Characteristics
●dry，redand
mildlyswollen●mildlypainful●4.turnwhite
whenpressed
●red
andswollen，blisters，5．waterysurface●extremelypainful
●blackand
white●swollen；the
tissueunderneath
can
oftenbe
seen●little
or
no
pain
if6．nerves
are
damaged；may
bePainful
around
theedges
of
the
burn
Treatment
Place
burns
under
7.cool
running
water．→Dry
the
burnt
area
gently
with
a
clean
cloth.→Remove
any
clothes
8.using
scissors
if
necessary→Cover
the
burnt
area
with
a
loose
clean
cloth.→Burns
on
the
face：make
sure
the
victim
can
still
9.breathe．→Second
or
third?degree
burns：there
is
10.an
urgent
need
to
take
him/her
to
the
hospital
at
once.
细读P50－51教材课文，完成下列任务。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
1．What
is
the
passage
mainly
about?
A．Burns
and
their
first
aid.
B．The
functions
of
the
skin.
C．Causes
of
different
burns.
D．First?aid
treatment.
2．What
can
we
learn
about
the
skin?
A．It
is
the
most
important
organ.
B．It
can
absorb
the
sun's
rays.
C．It
makes
us
have
sense
of
touch.
D．It
helps
prevent
us
from
burns.
3．What
do
second?degree
burns
affect?
A．The
top
few
millimetres
of
skin.
B．Below
the
top
layer
of
the
skin.
C．Every
layer
of
the
skin.
D．The
tissue
underneath
the
skin.
4．What
is
the
characteristic
of
first?degree
burns?
A．Mildly
swollen
and
painful.
B．Swollen
and
blisters.
C．Black
and
white.
D．Painful
around
edges.
5．What
should
you
do
if
someone
is
suffering
from
third?degree
burns?
A．Place
burns
under
cool
running
water.
B．Dry
the
burned
area
gently
with
a
clean
cloth.
C．Cover
the
burned
area
with
a
loose
clean
cloth.
D．Send
him/her
to
the
hospital
at
once.
[答案] 1－5 ACBAD
Ⅱ.概要写作微技能——查找段落主题句并高度概括
Paragraph
1：The
skin
is
an
essential
part
of
your
body
and
is
its
largest
organ.
高度概括为：The
skin
is
an
essential
organ.
Paragraph
2：You
can
get
burnt
by
a
variety
of
things：hot
liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the
sun，electricity，acids，or
other
chemicals.高度概括为：Many
things
like
chemicals
can
make
you
get
burnt.
Paragraph
3：Burns
are
divided
into
three
types，depending
on
the
depth
of
skin
damage.高度概括为：Burns
are
divided
into
three
types.
Paragraph
4：CHARACTERISTICS
OF
BURNS结合段落内容高度概括为：Different
types
of
burns
have
different
characteristics.
Paragraph
5：FIRST?AID
TREATMENT结合段落内容高度概括为：Giving
proper
first
aid
is
very
important
and
necessary.
4/4复习动词?ing形式
[观察例句]
1．As
you
can
imagine，getting
burnt
can
lead
to
very
serious
injuries.
2．You
can
protect
the
burnt
area
by
covering
it
with
a
loose
clean
cloth.
3．The
first
and
most
important
step
in
the
treatment
of
burns
is
giving
first
aid.
4．It
is
best
to
place
burns
under
cool
running
water，especially
within
the
first
ten
minutes.
5．If
you
see
someone
choking，first
call
the
emergency
services.
6．In
1974，an
American
doctor，Henry
Heimlich，created
the
Heimlich
manoeuvre，saving
thousands
of
lives
around
the
world.
[归纳用法]
1．例句1中的getting为动词?ing形式在句中作主语。
2．例句2中的covering为动词?ing形式在句中作宾语。
3．例句3中的giving为动词?ing形式在句中作表语。
4．例句4中的running为动词?ing形式在句中作定语。
5．例句5中的choking为动词?ing形式在句中作宾语补足语。
6．例句6中的saving为动词?ing形式在句中作状语。
一、动词?ing形式的基本情况
1．动词?ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。
动词?ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。
2．动词?ing形式的时态和语态：
语态时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
doing
being
done
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
Reading
aloud
is
a
good
way
to
learn
a
language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Having
studied
his
lessons
very
hard，he
passed
the
exam.
努力学习了功课，
他通过了考试。
The
building
being
built
now
will
be
finished
next
month.
正在建设的建筑物下个月将完工。
二、动词?ing形式作主语
1．动词?ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。
Saying
is
one
thing，and
doing
is
another.
说是一回事，而做是另一回事。
Having
a
walk
every
day
helps
to
make
one
keep
healthy.
每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。
[名师点津]
动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Climbing
mountains
is
really
difficult
for
the
old.
对于老人来说爬山确实困难。
2．形式主语it代替动词?ing形式作主语。
此类句式常见的有：
It's
a
waste
of
time
doing
sth.做某事是浪费时间
It's
useless/worthwhile
doing
sth.做某事没用/是值得的
It's
no
good/use/fun
doing
sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思
It
is
a
waste
of
time
persuading
such
a
person
to
join
us.
劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。
It
is
no
good/use
regretting
for
the
past.
悔恨过去是没用的。
3．v.?ing形式和to
do作主语时的区别。
v．?ing形式和to
do都可以作主语。v.?ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，to
do作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
Playing
with
fire
is
dangerous.玩火危险。(泛指)
Singing
is
my
hobby，and
to
sing
at
my
friend's
birthday
party
is
my
dream.唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①I
can't
stand
working
(work)
with
Jane
in
the
same
office.
②It's
no
use
complaining
(complain)
without
taking
action.
③Volunteering
(volunteer)
just
feels
so
good.
④Being
invited
(invite)
to
the
party
was
a
great
honour
to
the
family.
三、动词?ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语。接v.?ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：
avoid，miss，delay/put
off
避免错过少延期
advise，finish，practise
建议完成多练习
enjoy，imagine，can't
help
喜欢想象禁不住
admit，deny，envy
承认否定与嫉妒
escape，risk，excuse
逃避冒险莫原谅
stand，keep，mind
忍受保持不介意
He
admitted
referring
to
his
notes
in
the
exam.
他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。
She
can't
stand
being
looked
down
upon
in
public.
她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起的感觉。
Would
you
mind
opening
the
window?
你介意打开窗子吗？
He
tried
to
avoid
answering
my
questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
2．作介词的宾语。在下面的短语中，常用动词?ing形式作介词的宾语：
be
good
at擅长；dream
of梦想；care
about在乎；be
concerned
about关心；be
interested
in对……感兴趣；feel
like想要；insist
on坚持；think
of认为；aim
at瞄准；set
about开始做；be
used
to习惯于；get
down
to开始做；lead
to导致；devote
oneself
to
献身于……；look
forward
to
期待；stick
to
坚持；pay
attention
to注意；give
up放弃等。
I
dream
of
sailing
around
the
world
and
leading
a
happy
life.
我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。
He
insisted
on
doing
it
in
his
own
way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I'm
looking
forward
to
your
coming
next
time.
我期待着你下一次的到来。
Because
of
the
bad
weather，they
have
to
give
up
going
out
for
a
picnic
tomorrow.
因为天气不好，
他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。
3．在以下结构中，动词?ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。
spend...(in)
doing花费……做某事
have
difficulty/trouble
(in)
doing...做……有困难/麻烦
stop/prevent...(from)
doing阻止……做某事
waste
time
(in)
doing浪费时间做某事
be
busy
(in)
doing忙于做某事
have
a
good/hard
time
(in)
doing高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事
There
is
no
point
(in)
doing做某事毫无意义
He
is
always
busy
working
every
day，which
has
made
him
have
little
time
to
play
with
his
child.
他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。
There
is
no
point
giving
him
such
a
good
chance.
给他提供这样一个好机会没有意义。
[即学即练2] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①I'm
looking
forward
to
hearing
(hear)
from
you.
②He
devotes
himself
to
looking
(look)
into
the
matter.
③She
likes
spending
much
money
buying
(buy)
clothes
for
herself.
4．动词?ing形式作主语、宾语时的几个特殊情况
(1)动词?ing的复合结构
＋动词?ing
His/Tom's
being
late
made
the
teacher
very
angry.
他的/汤姆的迟到使老师很生气。
Would
you
mind
my/me
closing
the
window?
你介意我关上窗户吗？
Would
you
mind
Mary's/Mary
closing
the
window?
你介意玛丽关上窗户吗？
[名师点津]
动词?ing的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词/名词的所有格＋not
doing...。
Jerry's
not
arriving
on
time
made
the
people
present
angry.
杰里未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。
(2)某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词?ing作宾语。
①动词begin，start，continue等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词?ing作宾语，意义基本相同。
They
continued
discussing/to
discuss
the
plan
after
having
a
rest.
休息了一会后，他们继续讨论这项计划。
②动词love，like，hate等后可跟动词?ing和不定式作宾语，但接动词?ing表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。
I
love
walking
with
my
friend
on
a
sunny
day.(习惯)我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚的日子里散步。
It
is
a
pleasant
day
today，so
I
love
to
have
a
walk
with
my
friend.(具体)今天是个令人愉快的日子，所以我想和朋友一起散散步。
③一些动词后既可跟动词?ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。
He
forgot
turning
the
light
off.
他忘记他已经关了灯。
The
light
in
the
office
is
still
on.He
forgot
to
turn
it
off.
办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关了。
[名师点津]
对比记忆作宾语的动词含义
They
stopped
to
have
a
look
at
the
fantastic
scenery.
他们停下来，看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。
They
stopped
working
and
had
a
rest.
他们停止工作，休息了一下。
(3)用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词?ing形式。
其结构如下：
主语＋it＋＋doing...
I
found
it
useless/no
use
arguing
about
it.
我发现争论这件事没有用。
Do
you
consider
it
any
good
trying
again?
你觉得再试会有用吗？
(4)在动词need，require，want，deserve后，用动词?ing形式表示被动意义，即need/require/want/deserve
doing＝need/require/want/
deserve
to
be
done。
These
clothes
need
washing.＝These
clothes
need
to
be
washed.这些衣服需要洗。
The
house
requires
repairing.＝The
house
requires
to
be
repaired.这座房子需要修理。
(5)在(be)
worth后面只能用动词?ing形式来表示被动意义。
The
film
is
worth
seeing
a
second
time.
这部电影值得再看一次。
[即学即练3] 单句语法填空
(1)①I
remember
seeing
(see)
her
before，but
I
can't
remember
when
it
was.
②You
must
remember
to
tell
(tell)
Jackson
the
news
tonight.
(2)①I
didn't
mean
to
visit
(visit)
him
yesterday
afternoon.
②Giving
up
your
plan
means
losing
(lose)
a
large
amount
of
money.
(3)①All
of
us
stopped
talking
(talk)
when
we
saw
our
teacher
come
in.
②She
felt
thirsty，so
she
stopped
to
get
(get)
a
drink
of
water.
四、动词?ing形式作表语
作表语的动词?ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1．动名词(短语)作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。
One
of
his
weaknesses
is
telling
lies.
＝Telling
lies
is
one
of
his
weaknesses.
他的缺点之一就是说谎。
His
hobby
is
reading
books
in
his
spare
time.
＝Reading
books
in
his
spare
time
is
his
hobby.
他的爱好是在业余时间读书。
2．现在分词(短语)作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类分词通常可以看作形容词。
Her
performance
is
very
entertaining，which
brings
us
much
pleasure.
她的表演非常有趣，
给我们带来很多乐趣。
The
trip
is
very
exciting，and
we
have
decided
to
have
a
similar
one.这次旅行很是激动人心，
我们已决定再进行一次类似的旅行。
[名师点津]
作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。
[即学即练4] 单句语法填空
①Going
into
hospital
can
be
very
frightening
(frighten)
for
a
child.
②Henry's
job
is
teaching/to
teach
(teach)
physics
in
a
local
middle
school.
③Your
task
is
cleaning
(clean)
the
old
car
over
there
on
your
own.
五、动词?ing作定语
1．动名词(短语)作定语，表示名词的属性、作用或用途，作“供……用”讲，常置于被修饰的名词前。
There
is
a
swimming
pool
in
our
school.
我们学校有一个游泳池。
Students
are
not
permitted
to
speak
aloud
in
the
reading
room.在阅览室里学生们不许大声喧哗。
2．现在分词(短语)作定语，表示所修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。
The
boys
gathering
at
the
school
gate
are
my
classmates.＝The
boys
who
are
gathering
at
the
school
gate
are
my
classmates.
聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。
The
girl
performing
on
the
stage
has
a
gift
for
dance.＝
The
girl
who
is
performing
on
the
stage
has
a
gift
for
dance.
那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。
[名师点津]
单个的现在分词作定语时，放在被修饰词前；现在分词短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词后。
[即学即练5] 单句语法填空
①The
topic
being
discussed
(discuss)
now
has
drawn
some
experts'
attention.
②Grandma
came
into
my
bedroom
with
a
walking
(walk)
stick
in
her
hand.
六、动词?ing形式作宾语补足语
动词?ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词?ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
1．动词?ing位于感官动词后：feel，smell，listen
to，hear，watch，see，notice，observe
等。
I
felt
someone
patting
me
on
the
shoulder.
我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。
When
he
passed
the
swimming
pool，he
saw
someone
swimming
in
it.
当他经过游泳池时，
他看见有人在游泳。
[名师点津]
动词?ing与动词不定式在感官动词后的意义
在see，hear，watch等感官动词后，用动词?ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行；用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I
heard
Mary
singing
in
the
next
room.(动作正在进行)
我听到玛丽在隔壁唱歌。
I
heard
Mary
sing
a
song
in
the
next
room
last
night.(动作全过程)昨晚我听到玛丽在隔壁唱歌。
2．动词?ing位于使役动词后：have，keep，get，leave，set，make，send等。
She
couldn't
have
him
getting
away
with
telling
lies.
她不能容忍他撒了谎而不受惩罚。
Please
don't
keep
the
little
boy
staying
alone.
不要让这个男孩独自待着。
3．用于with复合结构中。
I
couldn't
do
my
homework
with
the
noise
going
on.
由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With
so
many
people
looking
at
her，she
feels
nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。
[即学即练6] 句型转换
①As
time
passes
by，we
will
have
a
better
and
better
life.
→With
time
passing
by，we
will
have
a
better
and
better
life.
②I
saw
that
they
were
coming
across
the
street.
→I
saw
them
coming
across
the
street.
③I
stood
on
the
bridge
and
watched
boats
were
passing
by.
→I
stood
on
the
bridge
and
watched
boats
passing
by．
七、动词?ing形式作状语
1．作时间状语。
Hearing
the
news，he
couldn't
help
laughing.
＝When
he
heard
the
news，he
couldn't
help
laughing.一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。
2．作原因状语。
Not
knowing
her
address，I
had
better
telephone
her
to
come
over.
＝As
I
don't
know
her
address，I
had
better
telephone
her
to
come
over.
由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。
3．作条件状语。
Working
hard，you'll
surely
succeed.
＝If
you
work
hard，you'll
surely
succeed.
如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。
4．作结果状语。
The
child
slipped
and
fell，hitting
his
head
against
the
door.
＝The
child
slipped
and
fell，and
hit
his
head
against
the
door.
那个男孩滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。
[名师点津]
现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。
I
hurried
to
school，only
to
find
it
was
Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
5．作让步状语。
Having
been
told
many
times，he
still
didn't
learn
these
rules
by
heart.
＝Although
he
had
been
told
many
times，he
still
didn't
learn
these
rules
by
heart.
尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记住。
6．作伴随状语。
Morris
lay
on
the
grass，staring
at
the
sky
for
a
long
time.
＝Morris
lay
on
the
grass
and
stared
at
the
sky
for
a
long
time.
莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
The
boy
sat
in
front
of
the
farmhouse，cutting
the
branches.
＝The
boy
sat
in
front
of
the
farmhouse，and
cut
the
branches.
那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。
7．作方式状语。
He
came
running
back
to
tell
me
the
news.
他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
[名师点津]
动词?ing形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化为并列谓语。
[即学即练7] 句型转换(用非谓语动词转换句子)
①It
rained
heavily
and
it
caused
great
damage.
→It
rained
heavily，causing
great
damage．
②After
he
had
eaten
his
dinner，the
boy
rushed
out.
→Having
eaten
his
dinner，the
boy
rushed
out.
③All
night
long
he
lay
awake
and
he
thought
of
the
problem.
→All
night
long
he
lay
awake，thinking
of
the
problem．
8．现在分词作状语时的注意事项
(1)现在分词的时态
现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having
done)。
①当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。
Walking
in
the
street，I
met
an
old
friend
of
mine.
我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
②当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。
Having
finished
the
letter，he
went
to
post
it.
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having
finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
(2)现在分词的语态
使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。
Having
been
shown
around
the
factory，they
were
very
happy.(现在分词的被动式)
被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。
Having
finished
his
homework，he
went
to
bed.(现在分词的主动式)
完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。
(3)动词?ing形式的否定式：not＋v.?ing；not
having＋v.?ed
Not
knowing
this，he
didn't
come.
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
Not
having
made
full
preparations，we
put
off
the
sports
meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
(4)现在分词作评注性状语
有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally
speaking“一般来说”，
judging
by/from...“从……判断”，taking
everything
into
consideration“从全局考虑”。
Judging
from
his
behaviour，he
must
be
mad.
从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
[即学即练8] 单句语法填空
①Having
worked
(work)
for
three
hours，he
took
a
rest.
②Tom
came
dashing
(dash)
into
the
room
with
some
film
tickets
in
his
hand.
③Having
spent
(spend)
all
his
money，the
boy
had
to
give
his
mother
a
call.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Talking
(talk)
with
your
kid
heart
to
heart
is
very
important.
2．The
bird
narrowly
escaped
being
shot
(shoot)
by
the
hunter.
3．It
is
no
use
regretting
(regret)
your
past
mistakes.
4．My
parents
don't
allow
us
to
watch
(watch)
violent
TV
programs.
5．They
are
planning
to
build
a
swimming
(swim)
pool
for
the
kids.
6．The
student
talking
(talk)
with
the
foreigners
over
there
is
our
monitor.
7．With
the
temperature
rising
(rise)，the
leaves
and
grass
begin
to
appear.
8．Seen
(see)
from
the
tower，the
city
looks
very
beautiful.
9．Working
(work)
harder
at
English，you'll
make
greater
progress.
10．To
finish
(finish)
the
work
ahead
of
time，we
have
to
work
hard.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．总之，和你的同学处理好关系被认为是一件重要的事情。
In
a
word，getting
along
well
with
your
classmates
is
considered
an
important
thing.
2．当这个人看完信后，他看着他的朋友。
After
the
man
finished
reading
the
letter，he
looked
at
his
friend.
3．李明一直梦想着将来可以开始他自己的生意。
Li
Ming
has
always
been
dreaming
of
starting
his
own
business
in
the
future.
4．因粗鲁行为向老师道歉后，他承诺以后不再犯同样的错误。
Having
apologized
to
his
teacher
for
his
rude
manners，he
made
a
promise
that
he
wouldn't
make
the
same
mistake.
5．因为尊重他的父亲，所以他不想和他争论。
Respecting
his
father，he
didn't
want
to
argue
with
him.
6．被雨淋后他感冒了。
He
was
caught
in
the
rain，thus
making
himself
catch
a
cold．
7．玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
Mary
sat
by
the
window
of
the
classroom，reading
a
book．
8．因为在这个村里住了很多年，我熟悉每个人。
Having
lived
in
the
village
for
years，I
know
everyone
quite
well.
9．她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
Her
job
is
keeping
the
lecture
hall
as
clean
as
possible.
10．我们让火整夜燃烧着。
We
kept
the
fire
burning
all
night
long.
14/14阅读P56教材课文，选择最佳答案。
1．Who
choked
on
some
steak
while
having
a
dinner?
A．Chen
Wei.
B．Chen
Wei's
friend.
C．Zhang
Tao.
D．Zhang
Tao's
friend.
2．How
did
Chen
Wei
help
Zhang
Tao
out
of
danger?
A．By
doing
the
Heimlich
manoeuvre.
B．By
slapping
him
on
the
back.
C．By
helping
him
to
his
feet.
D．By
taking
him
to
hospital.
3．What
will
happen
to
a
choking
person?
A．He
can't
stand
up.
B．He
can't
see
anything.
C．He
can't
speak
any
more.
D．He
can't
walk
around.
4．What
should
you
do
if
a
child
chokes
on
something?
A．Slap
the
victim's
stomach
hard.
B．Pull
the
obstruction
out
of
his
mouth.
C．Place
your
fist
in
the
upper
part
of
his
stomach.
D．Lay
his
face
down
and
slap
his
upper
back.
[答案] 1－4 CACD
Words
And
Phrases
panic
vi.&
vt.(使)惊慌
n．惊恐；恐慌
(教材P55) Listen
carefully
and
don't
panic.
仔细听，不要惊慌。
[例1] I
felt
very
nervous
and
had
to
force
myself
not
to
panic.
我感到非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。
[例2] There
was
a
panic
when
the
building
caught
fire.
大楼起火时，人们一片惊慌。
[翻译] 人们听到枪声感到惊慌。
The
crowd
panicked
at
the
sound
of
the
guns.
[知识拓展]
(1)panic
over/at
因……而恐慌；对……感到惊慌失措
panic
sb.
into
doing
sth.
使某人惊慌地做某事
(2)get
into
a
panic
陷入恐慌(动作)
be
in
a
panic
陷入恐慌(状态)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He
panicked
over/at
this
accident.
②Many
landowners
were
panicked
(panic)
into
leaving
the
country
at
that
time.
③She
got
into
a
panic
when
she
couldn't
find
the
tickets.
④The
girl
is
in
a
panic.Try
to
help
her
calm
down.
(教材P56) Chen
Wei，a
high
school
student
in
Beijing，had
his
dinner
interrupted
when
he
heard
someone
screaming
from
another
table.
陈伟是北京的一名高中生，当他听到另一张桌子上有人在尖叫时，他的晚餐被打断了。
(1)interrupt
vi.&
vt.打断；打扰
vt.使暂停；使中断
[例1] I'm
sorry
to
interrupt
you
but
how
could
they
live
here?
对不起，打断你一下，但他们怎么会住在这儿呢？
[例2] It
is
not
polite
to
interrupt
when
someone
is
talking.
在别人讲话时打断他是不礼貌的。
[翻译] 我正忙的时候请不要来打扰我。
Don't
interrupt
me
when
I
am
busy.
[知识拓展]
(1)interrupt
sb./sth.
(with
sth.)
(因某事)打断某人/某事
be
interrupted
by
被……打断
(2)interruption
n.
打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物
without
interruption
连续地；不断地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①It
is
bad
manners
to
interrupt
a
speaker
with
frequent
questions.
②Let's
go
somewhere
where
we
can
talk
without
interruption
(interrupt)．
③They
were
interrupted
(interrupt)
by
a
sudden
and
urgent
knock
at
the
door.
(2)scream
vi.&
vt.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫
n．尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音
[例1] People
were
staggering
about，screaming
with
pain.
人们跌跌撞撞地四处乱跑，痛苦地尖叫着。
[例2] People
ran
for
the
exits，screaming
out
in
terror.
人们奔向出口，恐惧地尖叫着。
[翻译] 整个屋子都能听到她那高声的尖叫。
Her
loud
screams
could
be
heard
all
over
the
house.
[知识拓展]
scream
at
朝……尖叫
scream
for
为……而喊叫
scream
out
尖声喊出；尖叫着
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The
trapped
passengers
screamed
for
help.
②She
screamed
at
me
to
get
out
of
the
way.
③She
screamed
out
that
she
had
lost
her
passport.
她尖声嚷着她把护照弄丢了。
desperate
adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的
(教材P56) He
was
now
holding
his
throat
with
his
face
turning
red，while
his
desperate
friends
were
slapping
him
on
the
back.
现在他正掐着自己的喉咙，红着脸，而他绝望的朋友们在拍打着他的背。
[例1] They
made
a
desperate
attempt
to
save
the
company.
他们为挽救公司作孤注一掷的努力。
[例2] They
are
desperate
to
escape.
他们急于想逃跑。
[翻译] 突然丢钱使他很绝望。
The
sudden
loss
of
his
money
made
him
desperate.
[知识拓展]
(1)be
desperate
about
对……绝望
be
desperate
for
极想要……
be
desperate
to
do...
渴望做某事
(2)desperately
adv.
绝望地；不顾一切地；拼命地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The
man
in
the
river
desperately
(desperate)
tried
to
reach
the
side.
②He
was
desperate
for
work
to
provide
food
for
his
children.
③He
is
desperate
to
pursue
(pursue)
his
vocation
as
an
artist.
justify
vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由
(教材P56) How
could
I
justify
sitting
there
and
doing
nothing？
我怎么能证明坐在那里什么都不做是正当的呢？
[例1] He
tried
to
justify
his
absence
with
lame
excuses.
他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
[例2] How
can
you
justify
spending
so
much
money？
你怎么能对花掉这么多钱做出令人满意的解释呢？
[翻译] 你能证明你有着充分理由可以那样说吗？
Can
you
justify
yourself
in
saying
that?
[知识拓展]
justify
(doing)
sth.
证明……正当
justify...to
向……证明……合理
justify
oneself
in
doing...
在做某事证明自己
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①How
will
you
justify
this
pay
cut
to
your
employees?
②The
decision
is
justified
(justify)
on
the
grounds
that
there
is
no
realistic
alternative.
③He
is
fully
justified
in
doing
(do)
so.
Sentence
Pattern
have
sth.
done结构
(教材P56) Chen
Wei，a
high
school
student
in
Beijing，had
his
dinner
interrupted
when
he
heard
someone
screaming
from
another
table.
陈伟是北京的一名高中生，当他听到另一张桌子上有人在尖叫时，他的晚餐被打断了。
句式分析：句中had
his
dinner
interrupted是“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，his
dinner与动词interrupt之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
[例1] The
boss
had
me
set
down
what
people
present
at
the
meeting
said.
老板让我记录下出席会议的人员所说的话。
[例2] The
patient
is
going
to
have
his
temperature
taken.
这个病人准备请人量体温。
[翻译] 不幸的是，他在训练中把右腿弄伤了。
Unfortunately，he
had
his
right
leg
injured
during
the
training.
[知识拓展]
(1)have/get
sth.
done可以表示：使某事被做(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做)；遭遇/经历(此事违背主语的意愿)。
若宾语和宾补之间是主动关系则用：
(2)have
sb.
do
sth.(do强调做某事这一事实)
(3)have
sb./sth.
doing
(doing强调持续进行某一动作)
[即学即练] 完成句子
①There's
something
wrong
with
my
computer，so
I
have
to
have/get
it
repaired．
我的电脑出了问题，所以我得让人修理一下。
②He
was
very
funny
and
had
us
laughing
all
the
way.
他非常滑稽，一路上逗得我们笑个不停。
③The
boss
often
has
them
work
for
14
hours
a
day．
老板经常要他们一天工作14
个小时。
[名师点津]
have
sth.
done相当于make/get
sth.
done；不管“have
sth.
done”结构表示何种意义，sth.与done之间都存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。
观点态度题
[典例剖析]
Inventors
have
been
trying
to
make
flying
cars
since
the
1930s，according
to
Robert
Mann，an
airline
industry
expert.But
Mann
thinks
Terrafugia
has
come
closer
than
anyone
to
making
the
flying
car
a
reality.The
government
has
already
permitted
the
company
to
use
special
materials
to
make
it
easier
for
the
vehicle
to
fly.
The
Transition
is
now
going
through
crash
tests
to
make
sure
it
meets
federal
safety
standards.
Mann
said
Terrafugia
was
helped
by
the
Federal
Aviation
Administration's
decision
five
years
ago
to
create
a
separate
set
of
standards
for
light
sport
aircraft，which
are
lower
than
those
for
pilots
of
larger
planes.Terrafugia
says
an
owner
would
need
to
pass
a
test
and
complete
20
hours
of
flying
time
to
be
able
to
fly
the
Transition，a
requirement
pilots
would
find
relatively
easy
to
meet.
What
is
the
government's
attitude
to
the
development
of
the
flying
car?
A．Cautious.
B．Favorable.
C．Ambiguous.
D．Disapproving.
★试题特点
文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的情感、观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。题干中常有think
of，attitude，opinion等词。
★解题思路
Step
1：确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)
Step
2：根据关键词定位信息句(□中句)
Step
3：尝试解答——根据信息句“政府已经允许该公司使用特殊材料，使车辆更容易飞行”可判断出，政府对研制飞车持支持的态度。故选B。
★名师点津
四个关注点
看清楚谁对什么的态度
留意那些表达情感、态度或观点的词(动词、形容词、副词等)语或句子
关注首段首尾句，根据文章主题定观点
不要掺杂自己的观点
熟悉四类选项常用词汇
肯定
positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；enthusiastic热情的
否定
negative
否定的，消极的；disapproval
不赞成；critical
批评的
怀疑
suspicious可疑的，怀疑的；doubtful可疑的；puzzled迷惑的
客观
objective客观的；neutral中立的
[即学即练]
A
Going
to
university
is
supposed
to
be
a
mind?broadening
experience.That
statement
is
probably
made
in
comparison
to
training
for
work
straight
after
school.But
is
it
actually
true?
Jessika
Golle
of
the
University
of
Tubingen，in
Germany，reports
in
Psychological
Science
this
week
that
those
who
have
been
to
university
indeed
seem
to
leave
with
broader
and
more
curious
minds
than
those
who
have
spent
their
immediate
post?school
years
in
vocational
(职业的)
training
for
work.However，it
was
not
the
case
that
university
broadened
minds.Rather，vocational
training
for
work
seemed
to
have
narrowed
them.The
result
is
not
quite
what
might
be
expected.
Dr.Golle
came
to
this
conclusion
after
she
and
a
team
of
colleagues
studied
the
early
careers
of
2，095
German
youngsters.The
team
used
two
standardized
tests
to
assess
their
volunteers'
personality
traits
(特点)
including
openness，conscientiousness
(认真)
and
so
on，and
attitudes
such
as
realistic，investigative
and
enterprising
twice，once
towards
the
end
of
each
volunteer's
time
at
high
school，and
then
again
six
years
later.Of
the
original
group，382
had
to
make
a
choice
between
the
academic
and
vocational
routes，and
it
was
on
these
that
the
researchers
focused.University
beckoned
for
212
of
them.The
remaining
170
chose
vocational
training
and
a
job.
When
it
came
to
the
second
round
of
tests，Dr.Golle
found
that
the
personalities
of
both
groups
had
not
changed
significantly.As
for
changes
in
attitude，again，none
were
noticeable
in
the
university
group.However，those
who
had
chosen
the
vocational
route
showed
marked
drops
in
interest
in
tasks
that
are
investigative
and
enterprising
in
nature.And
that
might
restrict
their
choice
of
careers.
The
changes
in
attitude
that
the
researchers
recorded
were
more
worrying.Vocational
training
has
always
been
what
Germany
prides
itself
on.If
Dr.
Golle
is
correct，and
changes
in
attitude
brought
about
by
the
very
training
are
narrowing
people's
choices
that
is
indeed
a
matter
worthy
of
serious
consideration.
What
is
the
author's
attitude
towards
the
finding?
A．Skeptical.
B．Optimistic.
C．Concerned.
D．Unclear.
C [根据最后一段内容，特别是“The
changes
in
attitude
that
the
researchers
recorded
were
more
worrying.Vocational
training
has
always
been
what
Germany
prides
itself
on.”可知，职业训练存在降低学生的兴趣、限制职业选择的缺点，但德国人却以职业训练为傲，这引起了作者的担忧，故选C。]
B
Reyes
Clark，the
owner
of
Yemaya
a
pop?up
business，is
part
of
a
movement
in
El
Salvador，composed
of
young
chefs
who
are
making
traditional
foods
into
contemporary
cuisine.
“We
used
to
go
to
McDonald's
and
Pizza
Hut
a
lot
when
we
were
kids.We
thought
it
was
cool，”
she
says.“Anything
from
the
U．S.was
considered
better
than
here.But
attitudes
about
American
fast
food
are
changing.Salvadorans
are
becoming
more
curious
about
ancestral
vegetables
and
herbs.”
Reyes
Clark
picks
up
a
piece
of
paterna，a
large
seedy
green
pod(豆荚)
that
grows
all
over
the
country.“I'm
going
to
make
hummus(豆沙)
out
of
the
seeds，”
she
says.“The
first
time
I
made
it
for
my
friends，they
thought
I
was
crazy，but
then
when
they
tasted
it，they
were
surprised
by
how
good
it
was.”
Paterna，along
with
leafy
green
nutritional
powerhouses—mora，chipilin
and
chaya—grow
easily
in
the
wild，but
over
the
years
they
have
been
replaced
with
processed
foods.“You
are
not
going
to
find
paterna
in
the
supermarket，”Reyes
Clark
says.
“This
is
because
most
of
El
Salvador's
food
culture
was
wiped
out，”
says
Luis
May，a
doctor
who
focuses
on
locally
sourced
food
as
medicine.He
has
a
garden
behind
his
office
where
he
grows
many
local
plants
and
teaches
his
visitors
about
their
nutritional
value.He
says，“Nearly
500
years
ago，the
Spanish
rulers
abolished
many
local
foods.”
Mirandal
is
a
chefs
at
a
newly
opened
restaurant
Boca
Boca，hidden
in
a
tree?lined
area
of
San
Salvador，where
they
focus
on
what
they
call
food
nostalgia(乡愁)．“We
take
old
plants
from
the
farming
areas
and
combine
them
in
new
ways.The
taste
is
new
and
exciting
for
our
generation，and
brings
back
a
flood
of
good
memories
for
the
older
people，”
Mirandal
says.
Mirandal's
68?year?old
grandmother，Elva
Duran，is
thrilled
to
see
these
foods
making
a
comeback.“When
I
was
young，we
didn't
have
fast?food
chains
that
have
no
health
value，”
she
says.“I
think
it's
incredible
that
this
generation
is
taking
steps
to
keep
our
roots
alive.”
What's
the
old
people's
attitude
towards
the
movement?
A．Approving.
B．Skeptical.
C．Objective.
D．Neutral.
A [根据最后一段可知，
68岁的祖母Elva
Duran很高兴看到这些食物卷土重来。“当我年轻的时候，我们没有健康价值的快餐连锁店，”她说。“我认为，这一代人正在采取措施保持我们的传统，这令人难以置信。”由此可知，老人对运动的态度是支持的。故选A。]
9/9叙事性记叙文
本单元的写作任务是写一篇叙事类记叙文。该类作文以叙述事件为主，要通过完整的故事情节和生动形象的语言，使读者在享受故事情节的同时有所感悟。写作时要注意把记叙文的六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果等交代清楚。
[基本框架]
1．开头——交代清楚事件的背景。
2．主体——主要叙述事件的发生、经过及结果。
3．结尾——呼应标题，发表感想、愿望等。
注意事项：
1．标题：如有标题，标题一定要明确，能点明事件或主题。
2．人称：通常用第一人称和第三人称。
3．时态：在叙事过程中，一般用过去时态。在描写背景或某景象时，常用过去进行时，这样显得更加生动形象。
[常用词块]
1．without
delay/hesitation毫不迟疑/毫不犹豫
2．learn
a
lot
from
it从中学到很多东西
3．give
us
a
warm
welcome热烈欢迎我们
4．have
a
good
time
with
us和我们玩得开心
5．participate
more
actively
in
helping
those
in
need更积极地参与帮助那些有需要的人
6．rush
him
to
the
hospital赶紧送他就医
7．a
basic
knowledge
of
first
aid基本的急救知识
8．in
the
case
of
emergency在紧急情况下
9．benefit
a
great
deal
from从……中受益
10．cause
severe
injuries
to
his
feet使他的脚受重伤
[常用语句]
1．That's
really
an
unforgettable
experience.
那真是一次难忘的经历。
2．After
a
while，many
people
came
to
help
us.
过了一会儿，许多人来帮助我们。
3．Every
time
I
thought
of
it，I
was
full
of
energy.
每当我想到这件事，我就充满了活力。
4．Although
it
happened
three
years
ago，I
never
forgot
the
evening
party.
虽然那是三年前的事了，但我从未忘记那个晚会。
5．Hardly
had
he
heard
someone
calling
for
help
when
he
jumped
into
the
river
without
hesitation.
他刚听到有人喊救命，就毫不犹豫地跳进了河里。
6．Before
the
ambulance
came，the
lady
who
proved
to
be
a
nurse
later
performed
first
aid
to
the
kid.
在救护车到来之前，那位后来被证明是护士的女士对孩子进行了急救。
7．The
story
is
a
good
example
in
which
first
aid
makes
a
big
difference.
这个故事是一个很好的例子，说明急救可以起到很大的作用。
8．From
it，we
know
it
is
necessary
to
know
basic
first
aid
skills
so
that
we
can
be
better
prepared
for
an
emergency.
从这件事中，我们知道了解基本的急救技能是必要的，以便我们可以更好地为紧急情况做好准备。
生活中常有意外事故发生。假设你和你班同学李明从锅炉房打完开水，在回寝室的路上，李明的热水瓶突然破裂，开水烫伤了他的脚。于是你对此实施了必要的急救。请你结合此事，用英语写一篇80词左右的短文，向学校英文报Teens投稿，主要内容包括：
1．描述事故发生的经过；
2．你是如何实施急救的(冷水冲洗、送医院做进一步的处理)；
3．简要谈谈你对掌握一定急救知识的重要性的认识。
参考词汇：锅炉房boiler
house
热水瓶
thermos
bottle
Accidents
always
happen
suddenly.
[参考范文]
Accidents
always
happen
suddenly.One
day，Li
Ming
and
I
were
on
our
way
back
after
fetching
some
boiling
water
from
the
boiler
house
when
Li
Ming's
thermos
bottle
burst
and
the
boiling
water
caused
severe
injuries
to
his
feet.The
burn
was
so
severe
that
the
skin
was
red
and
swollen.
Immediately，I
carried
him
to
the
water
tap
nearby
and
put
his
feet
under
the
cold
running
water
until
the
pain
lessened.Afterwards，I
called
a
taxi
and
rushed
him
to
the
hospital
where
he
received
a
further
treatment.
Only
then
was
I
aware
what
a
difference
a
basic
knowledge
of
first
aid
can
make，especially
in
such
a
case.
3/3
