高考英语时态解析
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英语时态解析
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在完成时
过去将来时
过去完成时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成进行时
一般过去时与现在完 成时用法区别
固定句式中的动词时态
一般现在时
（1）表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或现阶段的习惯。常用的状语有：often , sometimes , usually , every day 等。
如：
Class begins at 8 o’clock every
morning .
（2）表示不受时间限制的事实或普遍真理。
Light travels faster than sound .
（3）客观存在的事实或普遍真理在宾语从句中。
The children were told in the physics class that the moon moves round the sun .
（4）在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中。
The moment he arrives, I’ll tell him about it .
（5）表示已安排或计划好将来会发生的动作或存在的状态。
His plane leaves at 10:00.
（6）图片说明、电影说明、解说戏剧内容及场景、书报的标题、小说等的情节。
（7）在某些到装句中，用一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作。
Look out ! Here comes a bus.
（8）表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。这类动词常有一个修饰语。
Your speech reads well.
This book doesn’t sell well.
The knife cuts well.
The pen writes smoothly.
一般过去时
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
He always went to work by bus.
3）情态动词 could, would，用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。
Could you lend me your bike
4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。
If he were here now, we could turn to him for help.
◎ It is time（that） sb. did sth. “早该……了”，
It is time you went to bed.
◎ would （had）rather sb. did sth.
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
注意：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
一般将来时
1）shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first？
Will you be at home at seven this evening
2）“be going to +不定式”表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow
b. 有迹象显示要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.
3） be to do sth表按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4) be about to do sth意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。
☆be to do和be going to do的用法之比较：
be to do表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to do则表示主观的打算或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. （客观安排）
I‘m going to play football tomorrow afternoon.（主观安排）
现在完成时
（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already, before, yet, never, ever等状语连用。
① I have never heard of that before.
② Have you ever ridden a horse
2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。
如：for和since，以及 so far, now, today, this week (month, year) 等。
① I haven’t seen her these days.
④ What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years
注意：表示短暂动作的词，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等构成的表示一段时间的状语连用。
（3）现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作，
I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.
It is dangerousto get off a bus before it has stopped already.
过去完成时
（1）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。
By the end of last year we had built five new houses.
I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.
（2）过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。
Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.
（3）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
（4）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
（5）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本…，未能…”
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
His parents had expected that he would succeed,but he didn’t.
一般过去时与现在完成时
之比较
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
◎ 一般过去时常出现有：yesterday（…）, last …，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等具体的时间状语。
◎ 共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately等。
◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until / up to now, in the past… years, always等不确定的时间状语。
请认真分析比较下列各例句：
I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
现在进行时
表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
2. 表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
3. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red.
It‘s getting colder and colder now.
4. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示说话人的某种情绪，如赞扬、厌烦等。
You are always changing your mind.
不用进行时的动词
1）表示事实状态的动词。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue，etc.
I have two brothers.
This house belongs to my sister.
2）表示心理状态的动词。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate,etc.
I need your help.
He loves her very much.
3) 非延续性动词。如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse,etc.
I accept your advice.
4) 系动词。如：seem, remain, look, sound,smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn,etc.
You seem a little tired.
This music sounds beautiful.
Trees turn green when spring comes.
It smells terrible.
过去进行时
过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when…, while…,etc.
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
It was raining when they left the station.
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining
1）Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making
C. was making D. makes
2）As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
read; was falling
was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling
D. read; fell
C
B
答案：B。句中的as = when, while，意为“当……之时”。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 “在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。”句中的 fell （fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
现在完成进行时
表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直持续到现在，现在还在进行着，而且可能要继续进行下去，强调进行的过程， 或者是强调一直到现在为止的一段时间内一再反复进行的动作。具有现在完成时和进行时两者的特征。
Now that she is out of job, Lucy_____going back to school , but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered
B. has been considering
C. considered
D. is going to consider
B
固定句式中的动词时态
1.This/It is the first/second time + that 从句。 从句中一般用现在完成时，如果主句动词是过去时，则从句用过去完成时
This is the first time that I have come here.
2. It is/has been + 一段时间＋since从句。
since从句中用一般过去时，如果将is 改为was, 则since从句中用过去完成时
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
3. be about to do …when…意为“即将…（这时）突然…”
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
4. was/were doing…when…“正在干…（这时）突然…”
They were reading when Tom shouted in pain.
5. Hardly had…done…when…
No sooner had…done…than…
Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
No sooner had they left the office than the lights went out.
6.It + be + 一段时间＋ before从句
（1）主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来，“多长时间以后即将发生某事”
It won’t be long before he succeeds.
（2）主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，“多长时间以后 发生了某事”
It was ten years before they met again.
英语时态解析
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在完成时
过去将来时
过去完成时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成进行时
一般过去时与现在完 成时用法区别
固定句式中的动词时态
一般现在时
（1）表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或现阶段的习惯。常用的状语有：often , sometimes , usually , every day 等。
如：
Class begins at 8 o’clock every
morning .
（2）表示不受时间限制的事实或普遍真理。
Light travels faster than sound .
（3）客观存在的事实或普遍真理在宾语从句中。
The children were told in the physics class that the moon moves round the sun .
（4）在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中。
The moment he arrives, I’ll tell him about it .
（5）表示已安排或计划好将来会发生的动作或存在的状态。
His plane leaves at 10:00.
（6）图片说明、电影说明、解说戏剧内容及场景、书报的标题、小说等的情节。
（7）在某些到装句中，用一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作。
Look out ! Here comes a bus.
（8）表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。这类动词常有一个修饰语。
Your speech reads well.
This book doesn’t sell well.
The knife cuts well.
The pen writes smoothly.
一般过去时
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
He always went to work by bus.
3）情态动词 could, would，用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。
Could you lend me your bike
4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。
If he were here now, we could turn to him for help.
◎ It is time（that） sb. did sth. “早该……了”，
It is time you went to bed.
◎ would （had）rather sb. did sth.
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
注意：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
一般将来时
1）shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first？
Will you be at home at seven this evening
2）“be going to +不定式”表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow
b. 有迹象显示要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.
3） be to do sth表按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4) be about to do sth意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。
☆be to do和be going to do的用法之比较：
be to do表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to do则表示主观的打算或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. （客观安排）
I‘m going to play football tomorrow afternoon.（主观安排）
现在完成时
（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already, before, yet, never, ever等状语连用。
① I have never heard of that before.
② Have you ever ridden a horse
2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。
如：for和since，以及 so far, now, today, this week (month, year) 等。
① I haven’t seen her these days.
④ What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years
注意：表示短暂动作的词，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等构成的表示一段时间的状语连用。
（3）现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作，
I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.
It is dangerousto get off a bus before it has stopped already.
过去完成时
（1）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。
By the end of last year we had built five new houses.
I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.
（2）过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。
Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.
（3）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
（4）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
（5）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本…，未能…”
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
His parents had expected that he would succeed,but he didn’t.
一般过去时与现在完成时
之比较
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
◎ 一般过去时常出现有：yesterday（…）, last …，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等具体的时间状语。
◎ 共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately等。
◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until / up to now, in the past… years, always等不确定的时间状语。
请认真分析比较下列各例句：
I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
现在进行时
表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
2. 表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
3. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red.
It‘s getting colder and colder now.
4. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示说话人的某种情绪，如赞扬、厌烦等。
You are always changing your mind.
不用进行时的动词
1）表示事实状态的动词。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue，etc.
I have two brothers.
This house belongs to my sister.
2）表示心理状态的动词。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate,etc.
I need your help.
He loves her very much.
3) 非延续性动词。如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse,etc.
I accept your advice.
4) 系动词。如：seem, remain, look, sound,smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn,etc.
You seem a little tired.
This music sounds beautiful.
Trees turn green when spring comes.
It smells terrible.
过去进行时
过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when…, while…,etc.
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
It was raining when they left the station.
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining
1）Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making
C. was making D. makes
2）As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
read; was falling
was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling
D. read; fell
C
B
答案：B。句中的as = when, while，意为“当……之时”。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 “在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。”句中的 fell （fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
现在完成进行时
表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直持续到现在，现在还在进行着，而且可能要继续进行下去，强调进行的过程， 或者是强调一直到现在为止的一段时间内一再反复进行的动作。具有现在完成时和进行时两者的特征。
Now that she is out of job, Lucy_____going back to school , but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered
B. has been considering
C. considered
D. is going to consider
B
固定句式中的动词时态
1.This/It is the first/second time + that 从句。 从句中一般用现在完成时，如果主句动词是过去时，则从句用过去完成时
This is the first time that I have come here.
2. It is/has been + 一段时间＋since从句。
since从句中用一般过去时，如果将is 改为was, 则since从句中用过去完成时
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
3. be about to do …when…意为“即将…（这时）突然…”
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
4. was/were doing…when…“正在干…（这时）突然…”
They were reading when Tom shouted in pain.
5. Hardly had…done…when…
No sooner had…done…than…
Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
No sooner had they left the office than the lights went out.
6.It + be + 一段时间＋ before从句
（1）主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来，“多长时间以后即将发生某事”
It won’t be long before he succeeds.
（2）主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，“多长时间以后 发生了某事”
It was ten years before they met again.