高中英语必修五Unit 1 Great scientists同步练习-人教新课标版

必修 5 Unit 1 Great scientists同步练习
重点单词（必修 5 Unit 1 Great scientists）同步练习
（答题时间：25分钟）
一、单词拼写
1. If you (预测；预见) something, you expect and believe that it will happen.
2. Many cancer victims can be (治愈) if the disease is found early enough.
3. If we can (打败) that team, we’ll be through to the final.
4. At the end of their meeting, it was (宣布) that an agreement had been reached.
5. If you can’t (处理) the job, I will get someone else to do it.
6. Keller is (谨慎的) about making predictions for the success of the program.
7. The rural environment has a(n) (积极的) effect on the children’s health.
8. (暴露) to so many advertisements, we can’t help being persuaded to buy something we don’t really need.
二、七选五补缺题
Evaluating Sources (来源) of health Information
Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 1
Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 2
Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 3 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.
Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 4 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).
5 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.
Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.
A. Make choice that are right for you.
B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.
C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.
D. And examine the findings of the original research.
E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.
F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.
G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.
三、短文改错
Dear Mary,
Our city had changed a lot in the past 5 years. Firstly, more high buildings have appeared, that are modern and beautiful. Many overpasses have set up, so it has become very convenient for people to travel. However, many families have got car of their own. The people’s life here has become rich or colorful. People can enjoy themselves travelling on the holiday. To my delighted, I can taste delicious food of different countries. And now it is easy for me to keep touch with you than before, for I can email you in my office.
Yours,
Christine
重点单词（必修 5 Unit 1 Great scientists）同步练习参考答案
一、单词拼写
1. foresee 2. cured 3. defeat 4. announced
5. handle 6. cautious 7. positive 8. Exposed
二、七选五阅读题
1. G 解析：根据下面几段中的第一句Go to the original source. 和Watch for misleading language.和Use your common sense.可知这些都是一些评估健康信息来源的建议。故G项符合上下文串联。
2. D 解析：本段表示要找到信息最初的来源。要自己去找到原来真正报道的内容，要确认是通过很严肃的方法得到的确定的信息。故D项符合上下文串联。
3. F 解析：本段的标题是：注意误导性的语言。有些研究发现某些行为与某种结果有关。那么作为读者我们要知道有些信息也许是被错误地解释了，所以我们要细心阅读以求充分理解。故F项符合语境。
4. B 解析：根据前面一句Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.可知要我们特别注意广告里包含的信息，因为广告里的信息是为了向我们出售一些商品，所以广告的信息很可能是不准确的。所以要当心江湖骗术。故B项符合语境。
5. A 解析：根据下面两句可知朋友和家人可能是激励信息的主要来源，但是每个人都要找到一个起作用的健康的生活方式。也就是说要为自己选择合适的信息来源。故A正确。
三、短文改错
1. had→has 根据句中in the past 5 years是与现在完成时连用的时间状语，故had→has。
2. that→which that前有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，代表主句所表述的这件事只能用which引导。
3. have后加been 该句的主语many overpasses是set up的动作承受者，故have后要加上been。
4. However Besides / Moreover / Furthermore / Additionally 根据前后句的关系修改，它们之间是递进关系，故改为Besides / Moreover / Furthermore / Additionally。
5. car→cars或car前加a 单数可数名词不可单独使用，故car改为cars或者car前加不定冠词a。
6. or→and rich和colorful是并列关系，故or→and。
7. the去掉。 on holiday在度假，固定短语，故去掉the。
8. delighted→delight。 to one’s delight令某人高兴的是，to为介词，one’s为形容词性物主代词，故应该用delight的名词形式。
9. easy→easier 此处将传统的通讯方式与下文的有了email的联系方式相比较，应改为easier。
10. keep后加in。keep in touch with保持联系，为固定短语，故keep后加in。
重点短语（必修 5 Unit 1 Great scientists）同步练习
（答题时间：20分钟）
一、单项填空
1. —The film The King’s Speech is wonderful.
—________. It is the biggest winner with 4 awards at the 83rd Academy Awards.
A. I don’t think so　　　　　 B. That’s all right
C. I can’t agree more D. That depends
2. Knowledge from real life isn’t easier to forget than ________ achieved from textbooks.
A. it B. that
C. one D. those
3. —How can I operate this machine?
—Well，just refer to the ________.
A. explanations B. expressions
C. introductions D. instructions
4. From many facts，scientists have ________ that more energy is being absorbed from the sun，throwing the earth’s energy “out of balance”.
A. confirmed B. concluded
C. concentrated D. centred
5. Don’t always _______ your own failure _______ others. Sometimes you yourself _______.
A. blame；on；are to be blamed
B. blame；for；are to blame
C. blame；on；are to blame
D. blame；for；are to be blamed
6. Dogs have a very good ________ of smell which is often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.
A. sense B. view
C. means D. idea
7. Plastic bags are provided for our convenience but they have also ________ the pollution of the environment.
A. adapted to B. turned to
C. contributed to D. looked forward to
8. —Would you like to join us in the game?
—I’m afraid not，for I have something important to ________.
A. react to B. attend to
C. attach to D. adapt to
9. John applied to several companies after he resigned his position as vice president，but he was ________ over and over again.
A. rejected B. resisted
C. relied D. reacted
10. The headmaster has promised us that we shall get informed ________ the results of the exam come out.
A. in case B. every time
C. ever since D. the minute
二、语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Bennet Cerf tells this 1 (touch) story about a bus that was bumping (颠簸而行) 2 a back road in the South.
In one seat sat an old man holding a bunch of fresh flowers. Across the aisle (通道) 3 a young girl whose eyes came back again and again 4 the man’s flowers. The time came 5 the old man to get off. Without much thinking, 6 thrust the flowers into the girl’s lap. “I can see you love ___7 flowers,” he explained, “and I think my wife 8 like for you to have them. I’ll tell her I gave ___9 to you.” The girl accepted the flowers, 10 then watched the old man get off the bus and walk through the gate of a small cemetery (墓地).
三、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
Human beings are the most intelligent of all animals because we are gifted with the ability to think and reason logically. Scientists and even common people with special intelligence have made a lot of inventions and contributions to modern lifestyle in the past. “Houses” have been the most popular area for discoveries and inventions in the past and even now.
Many household items have been the result of inventions of people who desired better functioning of the existent products. Every individual has intelligence and if it is used properly for the right purpose it leads to invention of a new tool or device. Many new household inventions are made almost every day and there are specific companies, which particularly keep a record of all these inventions.
A lot of inventions have been made recently in the household field. These products are patented (专利) and have trade mark licenses. The patented sliding cinch is a very simple but effective method to prevent shoulder stress and injury for those who work before computers all day long. Vanity PC is a type of computer furniture that specifically hides all the computer wires and keeps a clean and good look. All the outdoor dust, mud and snow can be kept out of the house by installing (安装) the dirt drain (排水管) at the entrance of the door. Another important invention is the automatic toilet night?light, in which a small light starts when the lid of the toilet seat is opened and closes as soon as the lid is closed.
These are some of the new household inventions invented mostly by common people. Thus, a variety of new household items are invented every day, which helps in a better functioning of household chores and in a more useful manner.
1. The first paragraph is intended to ________.
A. stress the importance of inventions
B. introduce the topic of the article
C. show the advantages of modern lifestyle
D. tell the differences between human beings and animals
2. According to the passage, people make house inventions to ________.
A. earn more money and gain awards
B. accumulate their wealth
C. improve the present living conditions
D. meet the new demands of new science
3. It can be inferred that the sliding cinch is used to ________.
A. prevent your shoulder from being over?pressured
B. keep your shoulder safe and sound in an accident or an operation
C. help you practice your shoulder more often and reduce shoulder pains
D. cover your shoulder and make it stronger to resist the outside strike
4. The passage mainly talks about ________.
A. the correct use of household facilities
B. different ideas about household inventions
C. the history of household inventions
D. household inventions and their influence
重点短语（必修 5 Unit 1 Great scientists）同步练习参考答案
一、单项选择
1. C 解析：句意：—电影《国王的演讲》很精彩。—我完全同意。它是在第83届奥斯卡金像奖中赢得四个奖项的最大赢家。根据wonderful及the biggest winner可知此处表达赞同之意，所以选C：我完全同意。A.我不这样认为；B.没关系；不用谢；D.根据情况而定。
2. B 解析：句意：来自现实生活的知识和从教科书中获得的知识相比不容易被忘记。在比较级中that指代knowledge，有后置定语achieved from textbooks。
3. D 解析：句意：—我怎么开动这台机器？—哦，参看一下说明书就行了。A.解释；B.表达，表情，词语；C.介绍；D.说明(书)。
4. B 解析：句意：从很多事实中，科学家们得出了这样一个结论，即：更多的太阳能正在被地球所吸收，结果使得地球上的能量失去了平衡。A. 证实、证明(报告、意见等)的正确性；B. 得出结论；C. 全神贯注，精神集中，专心致志；D. 集中。
5. C 解析：考查blame用法。blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人；be to blame该受责备(主动表示被动)。结合句意可知C正确。句意：不要总是把自己的失败归咎于其他人。有时候你自己也应该受到责备。
6. A 解析：句意：狗有非常灵敏的嗅觉，经常被用来在地震中搜寻幸存者。sense感觉；view视野，见解；means方法，手段；idea主意。
7. C 解析：句意：塑料袋为我们提供了便利，但它们也导致了环境的污染。A.适应；B.求助于，借助于；C.为……做贡献，捐献，增加，添加，为……撰稿，是……的原因之一；D.盼望，期待。结合句意可知C正确。
8. B 解析：句意：—你想加入我们的游戏吗？—恐怕不行，因为我还有重要的事情需要料理。attend to sb. / sth.＝give practical consideration to sb. / sth.照顾、关照某人 / 某事物。
9. A 解析：句意：约翰曾经是副总裁，辞职后到几家公司去应聘，但他一次次地遭到拒绝。reject拒绝；resist抵抗；rely依靠；react起反应。
10. D 解析：考查连词用法。句意：校长向我们承诺，考试结果一出来就通知我们。此处the minute相当于连词，意思是“一……就……”。
二、语法填空
本文转述的是一个发生在巴士上的动人故事。直到故事结束时读者才明白那位老人是把准备祭拜亡妻的鲜花送给了年轻姑娘。
1. touching 解析：故事令人感动或令人动容，由touch加-ing构成形容词touching，作story的定语。
2. along 解析：句意：巴士沿南方偏远的道路颠簸前行。用along(沿着)表明是在行进途中，为后面的故事营造出一个背景。
3. was / sat 解析：这是一个倒装句，说过道对面坐着一个年轻姑娘，主句缺少谓语动词，可以用动词was或sat。
4. to 解析：姑娘不断打量着老人手中的鲜花，“…eyes came back again and again to.”, 讲目光所至，故填 to。
5. for 解析：常用结构 time for sb. to do sth. ，填for。
6. he 解析：这里讲把鲜花塞进姑娘的怀里的人，当然是那个old man了，自然是用he指代。
7. the 解析：这里需要用冠词the，来表示喜欢老人手里的鲜花，有所特指，填the。
8. would 解析：读到后文我们知道老人的妻子已经去世（他是前往墓地去看望她），这里是说“我的妻子（如果有知）也会愿意将鲜花送给你的”，这是老人的推断，正是would的一种用法。
9. them 解析：用them指代flowers。
10. and 解析：这个空格恰好位于两个并列谓语（accepted the flowers和watched the old man）之间，自然是用并列连词and。
三、阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，表述了家居生活与人类发明的关系。
1. B 解析：写作意图题。通读第一段可知，本段主要讲述了人类作为自然界最聪明的动物，有很多发明创造，其中房子的发明意义极为重大。而下文皆以房子为话题展开表述。故整个第一段内容都是为引出下文做好铺垫，所以第一段主要介绍文章的主题。故答案为B。
2. C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“Many household ... the existent products.”可知，人们发明创造的目的就在于提高现有的生活水平，故答案选C。
3. A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段第三句“The patented ... all day long.”可知，它可以为你的肩膀减轻压力，避免负荷过重，故A项正确。
4. D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章提到各种家居的、常见的发明及其影响，即文章的主体内容。故选项D符合题意。
重点句型（必修 5 Unit 1 Great scientists）同步练习
（答题时间：20分钟）
一、完成句子
1. —Why is he feeling down today?
—Because the suggestion he (提出) has been turned down.
2. We’d better discuss the issue in detail before we (得出结论).
3. (除了有几个缺点外), he is a faithful friend.
4. I wrote a letter of complaint, and the manager has promised to (调查) the matter.
5. I don’t think it (有意义) to focus only on providing basic services.
6. It is not the child but his parents who (应受责备) for this.
7. The more one (暴露于) the English?speaking environment, the better he or she will learn the language.
8. We must (对学生严格要求) while we should give them love and care.
二、完形填空
One day, a kind woman happened to say something that hurt her best friend of many years. She __1__ immediately and would do anything to take the words back. What she said hurt the friend so __2__ that this good woman was herself hurt for the __3__ she caused. In an effort to undo what she had done, she went to an older, wiser woman in the village, explained her __4__， and asked for advice.
Listening to her, the older woman sensed the younger woman’s worry and knew she must __5__ her. She also knew she could never __6__ her pain, but she could teach. She knew the outcome would only __7__ the character of the younger woman. She said, “Tonight, __8__ your best feather pillows and put a single feather on the __9__ of each house in town before the sun rises.”
The young woman hurried home to prepare for it, __10__ the feather pillows were very dear to her. __11__， she labored alone in the cold. Finally the sky was getting __12__. She placed the last feather on the steps of the last house. Just as the sun rose, she __13__ to the older woman.
“Now，”said the wise woman, “Go back and __14__ your pillows with the feather you have put on the steps. __15__ everything will be as it was before.”
“You know that’s impossible! The wind __16__ away each feather as fast as I placed them on the doorsteps！” The young woman was surprised.
“That’s __17__，” said the older woman. “Never forget. Each of your __18__ is like a feather in the wind. Once spoken, no amount of __19__， no matter how heartfelt or sincere, can return them to your __20__. Choose your words well and, most of all, guard them in the presence of those you love.”
1. A. replied　　　　 B. forgot C. laughed D. regretted
2. A. deeply B. slightly C. little D. straight
3. A. blank B. intention C. pain D. mess
4. A. lecture B. situation C. shortcomings D. position
5. A. help B. scold C. praise D. punish
6. A. feel B. resist C. remove D. find
7. A. contribute to B. focus on C. depend on D. recover from
8. A. show B. hide C. throw D. take
9. A. roof B. step C. wall D. mailbox
10. A.as though B. even though C. in case D. so long as
11. A. Worse still B. As a matter of fact C. The following day D. All night long
12. A. light B. dark C. snowy D. cloudy
13. A. appealed B. returned C. waved D. nodded
14. A. sew B. decorate C. refill D. preserve
15. A. Besides B. Or C. Instead D. Then
16. A. blew B. gave C. put D. drove
17. A. awesome B. elegant C. wonderful D. true
18. A. words B. friends C. promises D. expectations
19. A. appetite B. effort C. idea D. joke
20. A. ears B. eyes C. mouth D. face
三、书面表达：
假如你是李明，学校领导和教师因为担心同学们浏览不健康的网站，关闭了教室内电脑的网络浏览功能，你们感到很难过。请你给校长写一封信，劝说校长同意开通教室内的网络。
注意：
1. 信中要包括下表中的所有内容；
2. 词数：120左右；
3. 信的开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数。
事由 教室内的电脑不能上网，建议学校开通网络。
原因 1. 有利于查找资料；
2. 浏览新闻，了解信息；
3. 作为高中生，我们正在形成自己的判断力。
Dear Headmaster,
I’m writing to persuade you to let us surf the Internet in the classroom.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Ming
重点句型（必修 5 Unit 1 Great scientists）同步练习参考答案
一、完成句子
1. put forward 2. draw a conclusion 3. Apart from a few faults
4. look into 5. makes sense 6. are to blame
7. is exposed to 8. be strict with our students
二、完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。说出去的话就像泼出去的水，不管我们做什么样的努力，都是无法收回的。所以我们一定要学会三思而后言。
1. D 解析：根据下文“would do anything to take the words back”可知，她感到后悔，故答案选D“后悔，遗憾”。A“答复”；B“忘记”；C“笑，嘲笑”。
2. A 解析：根据下文“was herself hurt”可知，此处表示把她朋友伤得很深，故答案选A“深深地”。B“轻微地”；C“几乎没有”；D“直接地”。
3. C 解析：根据文章第一句中“hurt her best friend of many years”可知，此处指她说错话，给朋友造成的伤害，故答案选C“伤害，痛苦”。A“空白”；B“意图，打算”；D“困境，麻烦”。
4. B 解析：根据上文可知，她将她目前的处境(situation)说给了这位智者。A“演讲，说教”；B“处境，情形”；C“缺点”；D“位置，职位”。故答案选B。
5. A 解析：根据上文可知，年轻的女人是来向智者求助的，这位智者感觉到她的担忧并且知道自己必须去帮助她。故答案选A“帮助”。B“责骂”；C“表扬”；D“惩罚”。
6. C 解析：根据下文可知，说出去的话不能收回，所以造成的伤害也就无法挽回。此处与文章最后一段中“no matter how ... can return them ...”相照应。故答案选C“去除”。
7. C 解析：尽管这位智者知道不能帮助这个女人消除内心的痛苦，但她还是决定去教她一个道理，而这个女人是否会接受这个道理取决于她的性格，故答案选C“依靠，取决于”。A“捐献，有助于”；B“专注于”；D“从……中恢复”。
8. D 解析：根据下文可知，这个女人拿着枕头将里面的羽毛放在每户人家的台阶上。由此可知，答案选D“拿着，带着”。A“出示”；B“藏起来”；C“扔掉”。
9. B 解析：此处与下文第三段中“She placed the last feather on the steps of the last house.”相照应。故答案选B“台阶”。
10. B 解析：根据语境可知，前后两句话之间是让步关系，故答案选B“尽管”。A“似乎，好像”；C“万一”；D“只要”。
11. D 解析：根据下文“Finally the sky ...”可知，此处指她忙了整个晚上，故答案选D。此处与上文中的“Tonight”及下文中“the sky was getting ...”“Just as the sun rose”相照应。A“更糟糕的是”；B“实际上”；C“第二天”。
12. A 解析：根据下句中“Just as the sun rose”可知，此处指天快亮了，故答案选A。
13. B 解析：根据语境可知，完成智者交代的事后她来见智者，故答案选B“返回”。A“上诉，呼吁”；C“挥手”；D“点头”。
14. C 解析：根据下段内容可知，智者让她将羽毛重新装入枕头，故答案选C“重新装入”。A“缝纫”；B“装饰”；D“保存，预定”。
15. D 解析：句意为：然后一切就会回到之前的样子了。前后句为承接关系，故答案选D。
16. A 解析：根据语境可知，此处指风会把羽毛吹走，故答案选A“吹风”。
17. D 解析：根据语境可知，此处指她说得没错，故答案选D“正确的”。
18. A 解析：根据下文中“Once spoken”可知，此处指所说的话，故答案选A“言语”。
19. B 解析：句意为：说出去的话，无论你做多少努力，无论你多么情真意切，都无法收回。A“食欲，欲望”；B“努力”；C“想法”；D“笑话”。由语境可知，答案选B。
20. C 解析：本句话的主语应是“Each of your words”，所以根据“return”可知，此处指“说出去的话，永远也收不回来”。故答案选C。
三、书面表达：
Dear Headmaster,
I’m writing to persuade you to let us surf the Internet in the classroom. We know you’re afraid that we may be exposed to unhealthy websites. Actually every coin has two sides. We still think that surfing the Internet can bring us much more advantages.
First of all, I think it would be better if we can surf the Internet, because there is a wide range of learning resources on the Internet. We should make good use of it. Furthermore, we can broaden our horizons by reading various news online. Last but not least, as high school students, we are building up our sense of judgment. Given chances, we are sure that we will learn how to stay away from unhealthy websites.
I do hope you can take my suggestion into consideration and make a final decision.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Ming