高中英语人教版（2019）选修性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists 同步练习

选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists 同步练习
John Snow Defeats "King Cholera"同步练习
（答题时间：40分钟）
一、阅读七选五
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. ___1_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property（房产） neat, clean, and in good repair. _____2___ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk, take along small a garbage bag. ____*3_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
______4____ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
_____5_______ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B. A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly
二、完形填空
"Paige, go down to the office, " said my teacher. There was a strange tone in her ____1____. I was never known to get into trouble, so I knew something was ____2____. It got even more ____*3____ when my teacher said my mom was on the phone. Did something happen to my ____4____? I picked up the phone; I was barely breathing and my hands were ____*5____. "Honey, there was a bank robbery （抢劫） today and your dad ____*6____ the car chase that followed. He is doing okay, but shots were fired at his squad （特别行动小组）. "
My dad has been a ____7____ for over 20 years. Every day of my life, I have lived with the ____8____　thought that something could happen to him. I have always been ____9____ to my dad, and I do not know what I would do if he was taken away from me. I am so ____10____ of his job, but I must admit it would be ____*11____ if he had an ordinary job. On April 28, my dad got the call to go to a bank robbery. The robbery ____12____ a car chase. My dad was driving fast to　 ____*13____ the robber. Over the radio, a fellow officer was yelling at my father ____14____ him the robber was pointing a gun at his squad. Three shots were fired. My dad narrowly escaped those bullets. All I had to hear was that my dad was involved in a shooting, and I was ____15____ his funeral （葬礼）. I thought the day would never end.
My mom and I sat at home waiting for my dad to walk through the door. The second he did, I rushed up to him and gave him the biggest ____16____ in the world.
Life is about ____17____ it with the ones you love. What is the ____18____ of life if you do not have your friends and family? This experience has taught me a ____*19____. I have learned to live my life to the ____20____ and never to take anyone or anything for granted.
1. A. mind B. heart C. voice D. appearance
2. A. wrong B. exciting C. boring D. common
3. A. encouraging B. confusing C. satisfying D. annoying
4. A. school B. class C. family D. team
5. A. waving B. shaking C. suffering D. moving
6. A. took in B. called in C. joined in D. resulted in
7. A. policeman B. coach C. professor D. doctor
8. A. anxious B. optimistic C. interesting D. unnecessary
9. A. hateful B. close C. cruel D. helpful
10. A. tired B. proud C. jealous D. ashamed
11. A. harder B. poorer C. easier D. wealthier
12. A. gave out B. took away C. came across D. turned into
13. A. keep up with B. look up to C. rise up against D. get away from
14. A. inspiring B. warning C. comforting D. instructing
15. A. describing B. refusing C. holding D. imagining
16. A. cry B. hug C. success D. shock
17. A. comparing B. sharing C. hiding D. regretting
18. A. way B. atmosphere C. fortune D. point
19. A. subject B. method C. lesson D. skill
20. A. happiest B. fullest C. longest D. highest
三、写作
假如你是李华, 听说你的好朋友Amy在重要考试前总是很紧张。你给他回一封信，给予一些建议。要点如下：
1. 对待考试要有正确的态度；
2. 足够的睡眠可助你在考试中表现更好；
3. 适当户外运动可以帮你在考试前放松。
注意：100词左右，所给的句子不计入总词数
Dear Amy,
I’m sorry to hear that you feel rather nervous whenever you’re taking any important exam. _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
John Snow Defeats "King Cholera"同步练习参考答案
一、
1. G 解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居。下文是具体做法，G项：这里有一些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖。承上启下，故选G。
2. F 解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的户内户外环境，F项中keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鲜和诱人，与本段意思一致，故选F。
3. E 解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾袋，E项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故选E。
4. B 解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻居的隐私。B项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故选B。
5. C 解析：考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照顾好属于自己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C项中considerate behavior是下文内容的概括，故选C。
二、
1. C 解析：根据tone可知这里是说她的声音里有一种奇怪的语气。
2. A 解析：根据“I was never known to get into trouble”可知，“我”知道出了一些事。wrong“（状况）有问题的”。
3. B 解析：当“我”的老师说是“我”妈妈打来的电话时，“我”更加困惑了。confusing“令人困惑的”。
4. C 解析：根据上下文并结合语境可推知，作者猜想是否家里出事了。故选C。
5. B 解析：根据语境尤其是“I was barely breathing”可知，“我”很紧张，所以“我”的手在颤抖。shake“颤抖”。
6. C 解析：根据下文中的“All I had to hear was that my dad was involved in a shooting”可知，父亲参与了随后的汽车追捕。take in“领会，欺骗”；call in“打电话来，召来”；join in“参加”；result in“导致”，故选C。
7. A 解析：由下文中讲述的父亲的故事以及上文中出现的“his squad（特别行动小组）”可知，“我”的父亲做了二十多年的警察。故选A。
8. A 解析：根据下文中的“that something could happen to him”可知，每天“我”都有这种焦虑的想法。anxious“焦虑的”；optimistic“乐观的”；interesting“有趣的”；unnecessary“不必要的”。
9. B 解析：根据下文中的“and I do not know what I would do if he was taken away from me”可知，“我”和“我”的父亲很亲近。
10. B 解析：由but后的内容可知，作者因父亲的工作而感到自豪。be proud of“因……而自豪”。
11. C 解析：但“我”必须承认，如果他有一份普通的工作，事情会容易得多。
12. D 解析：根据语境和下文内容可知，抢劫（后来）变成了汽车追捕。give out“分发”；take away“带走”；come across“偶然遇见”；turn into“变成”。
13. A 解析：“我”的爸爸开得很快以便追上那个抢劫犯。keep up with“跟上”；look up to“仰慕”；rise up against“奋起，反抗”；get away from“摆脱”。
14. B 解析：根据下文中的“the robber was pointing a gun at his squad”可知，一位警官在提醒“我”爸爸。warn“提醒”；inspire“启迪”；instruct“命令”。
15. D 解析：结合选项可知，“我”在得知父亲参与了枪击案后想象了他的葬礼。imagine“想象”；describe“描述”；refuse“拒绝”。
16. B 解析：父亲到家后，“我”冲向他，给了他世界上最大的拥抱。hug“拥抱”；shock“震惊”。
17. B 解析：由上文叙述的“我”对父亲的担心可知，生活就是与你所爱的人分享它。compare“对比”；regret“后悔”。
18. D 解析：根据语境可知，此处是说如果你没有朋友和家人，生活还有什么意义？atmosphere“氛围”；point“意图，目的”；fortune“财富”。
19. C 解析：根据下文“I have learned to live my life to the　20　and never to take anyone or anything for granted”可知，这次经历给了“我”一个教训。
20. B 解析：“我”学会了充实地生活，不要把任何人或任何事视为理所当然。to the fullest“达到最大程度，充分”。
三、
One possible version:
Dear Amy,
I’m sorry to hear that you feel rather nervous whenever you’re taking any important exam. Most of us have such bad times, so don’t worry too much about it. I’d like to offer you some useful tips.
First, it’s important to have a right attitude towards exams. They help you check how you are getting along with your studies, so the results are not the important. If you study hard and make careful plans for exam, you can be more confident. Second, getting enough sleep can make you energetic so that you can perform well in an exam. Therefore, you should not stay up too late. Finally, you can do some outdoor exercises to keep yourself relaxed before an exam.
I hope you will find my suggestions helpful.
Yours,
Li Hua
The Father of China’s Aerospace；A World of Pure Thought同步练习
（答题时间：40分钟）
一、阅读理解
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ”
And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive. ” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change, ” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet. ”
1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
2. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive.
B. Beneficial
C. Significant
D. Unnoticeable
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
4. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
二、语法填空
Let’s Help Adolescents
Whether they are male or female, adolescents feel like 1. ________ (decide) on everything themselves in spite of parents’ instruction, 2. ________ (especial) when they face problems like sex, mental stress, etc. , 3. ________ make them feel ashamed and embarrassed. Thus they often automatically get into trouble due to their imperfect comprehension and 4. ________ (judge). Some are addicted to cigarettes, only several packets of which will hurt their lungs and make them breathless quickly. Others can’t quit drinking alcohol, whose harmful effects include causing young pregnant women to abort or give birth to abnormal babies. The worst is drug abuse, 5. ________ the withdrawal (戒毒过程) is tough once their bodies are accustomed 6. ________ the drugs. Meanwhile, those who share needles 7. ________ (buy) from illegal chemists are at great risk of 8. ________ (infect) with desperate AIDS. If 9. ________, neither injecting drugs nor taking pills can guarantee their survival.
However, don’t be disappointed in or have prejudice against our children so easily. After all, being awkward is an appendix of youth. As long as we10. ________ (strength) communication with them instead of only banning this or banning that, we will surely help them avoid anything unfit.
三、写作
假如你是红星中学学生会主席李明，根据学校安排，你将在学校运动会的开幕式上做关于奥运会的发言。请你根据对奥运会的了解，写一篇100词左右的发言稿。
内容要点如下：
1. 关于奥运会的介绍：公元前776年举办首届奥运会；奥运会每四年举办一次；五环旗代表的意义；奥运会的口号等；
2. 自己对奥运会的认识。
要求：不能逐字逐句翻译，但可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯。
The Father of China’s Aerospace；A World of Pure Thought同步练习参考答案
一、
1. B 解析：主旨大意题。第一段“By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’ s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study. ”可知，到本世纪末，一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。结合第二段“At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms , these phytoplanktons create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration”可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。分析选项可知B符合题意，故选B。
2. A 解析：猜测词义题。根据划线词后的“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients. ”可知，气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend”可知，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。可知A项正确。
3. D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters , such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener”, 可知Dutkiewicz的模型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了。由此可推断，浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了。分析选项可知D项符合题意。
4. C 解析：主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨“By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’ s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study. ”可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’ s warning trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, …”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋及其植物的影响。故选C。
二、
1. deciding 解析：考查非谓语动词。feel like doing sth. “想做某事”，为固定用法。
2. especially 解析：考查词形转换。此处意为：特别是当他们面对像性、精神压力等使他们感到羞耻和尴尬的事情时。此处是副词作状语。
3. which 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。空处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，修饰先行词problems，故用which。
4. judg(e) ment 解析：考查词形转换。and连接相同词性的两部分，根据comprehension可知，此处填judg(e) ment“判断力”。
5. because/for 解析：考查连词。最糟糕的是吸毒，因为一旦他们的身体习惯了毒品，戒毒是很难的。此处表示补充说明的原因，故用for。也可用because表示原因。
6. to 解析：考查固定搭配。be accustomed to sth. “习惯于某物”。
7. bought 解析：考查非谓语动词。那些共用从非法药剂师那里买来的针头的人感染致命的艾滋病的风险很大。needles与buy之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表被动和完成。
8. being infected 解析：考查非谓语动词。介词of后接动名词作宾语，且此处表示被感染，故填being infected。
9. so 解析：考查习惯用法。if so意为“如果是这样的话”，表示对前面句子作出的肯定假设。
10. strengthen 解析：考查词形转换。句意：只要我们加强与他们的交流而不只是禁止这个或者那个，我们一定能帮助他们避免任何（对他们来说）不适宜的东西。此处缺谓语，故填strengthen“加强”。
三、
One possible version:
Dear teachers and students,
I’m Li Ming, chairman of the students’ union. It’s a great honour for me to stand here to introduce the Olympics.
As is known to all, the Olympic Games, first held in 776 BC, has a history of more than two thousand years. The Games are held every four years. To our delight, every country does all they can to host the Games and every athlete tries their best to get more medals in the Games. Now there are over 200 nations which take part in the Games every time. There are five rings on the Olympic flag, which stand for the five continents: Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania and America. The Olympic motto is “Swifter, Higher and Stronger”.
In short, the Games can promote the understanding and friendship among different peoples and different nations.
That’s all. Thank you!