人教新目标版英语九年级上册语法讲解宾语从句（Units 1-4 语法归纳）导学案

初中英语 宾语从句（Units 1-4 语法归纳）
一、学习目标
1. 宾语从句的概念
2. 宾语从句的用法
二、重点、难点
宾语从句的引导词、语序、时态。
三、考情分析
宾语从句是中考考查的重点，常常考查引导词、语序、时态，可能在单选题、完形填空题、动词应用题等题型中出现，分值在2-4分之间。
知识梳理：
【教材原句】
But I believe that April is the hottest month of the year there.
但是我认为四月是那儿一年中最热的月份。
I wonder if it’s similar to the Water Festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province.
我想知道它是否类似于云南傣族的泼水节。
Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?
请告诉我洗手间在哪儿好吗？
【概念】
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
【用法】
注意连接词、语序和时态及与简单句的转化。
一、引导词
1. 当宾语从句具有陈述意义时，用that引导。that在句子中只起引导作用，无意义，在口语中常可省略。
2. 当宾语从句具有疑问意义时，可用if/ whether引导，表示选择，意为“是否”，在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，但不可省略。或者用连接代词what, who, which，连接副词when, where, how, why等引导，在从句中作成分，不可省略。
【例句】
She said （that） she would leave a note on the desk. 她说她会在桌子上留个便条。
He wants to know if / whether you are a doctor. 他想知道你是不是医生。
Do you know when he bought this pencil box? 你知道他什么时候买的这个文具盒吗？
二、语序
宾语从句要用陈述语序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其他。
当宾语从句表示否定意义，主句主语为第一人称、谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/ guess等时，一般将否定词not转移到主句的谓语中，这种现象叫“否定的前移”。但翻译时，仍否定从句，并且变反意疑问句时，反意部分时态和人称与从句的时态和人称一致。
【例句】
I don’t believe he can work out the math problem. 我认为他做不出那道数学题。
I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吧？
三、时态
宾语从句的时态一般受主句时态的影响。当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句可以根据具体情况用适当的时态。
当主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。
但当从句表示的是名言、客观真理或自然现象等时，其时态一般不受主句时态的限制，均用一般现在时。
【例句】
I want to know how he came yesterday. 我想知道他昨天是怎样来的。
She asked if he was leaving for Beijing soon.
她问他是否会很快离开去北京。
Lucy told her son that leaves turn yellow in autumn. 露西告诉儿子，秋天树叶变黄。
四、宾语从句与简单句的相互转化
宾语从句在一定的条件下，可以转化为简单句。
1. 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，主句主语或宾语与从句主语一致时，可以变为“疑问词+不定式”的复合结构。
I don’t know how I should do it next.→ I don’t know how to do it next.
我不知道下一步我应当怎么做。
2. 当主句谓语动词是see, hear, watch, find等词时，其后that从句常简化为“宾语+动词原形/ 动词的-ing形式”。
I saw some boys were playing basketball on the playground just now. → I saw some boys playing basketball on the playground just now.
我刚才看到一些男孩正在操场上打篮球。
3. 当主句谓语动词是hope, agree, wish等词时，主句主语或宾语与从句主语一致时，后以that引导的宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。
He agreed that he could help me with my English. → He agreed to help me with my English.
他同意帮我学习英语。
【考题链接】
My uncle remembered __________.
A. when we moved to the town B. when did we move to the town
C. when we move to the town D. when do we move to the town
答案：A
思路分析：根据主句中remembered可知从句用过去的时态，排除C、D两项；B项语序是疑问语序，故排除。句意为“我叔叔记得我们何时搬到城镇来的”。
1. — Could you please tell me __________?
—About two weeks.
A. how often are we going to be away B. how often we are going to be away
C. how long are we going to be away D. how long we are going to be away
2. I don’t know __________ they could pass the exam or not.
A. that B. what C. which D. whether
3. Parents should let their children do __________.
A. what do they like B. what they like
C. what will they like D. they like what
4. Our English teacher told us that light __________ much faster than sound.
A. traveled B. travels C. travel D. traveling
答案：1-4 DDBB
思路分析：
1. 根据问句可知，空格处在整个句中作宾语，故语序用陈述句语序，排除A、C两项，因为它们都是疑问语序；根据答语“大约两周”可知用连接词how long询问一段时间；而how often是用于提问频率的。
2. 根据句末的or not可知用whether。句意为“我不知道他们是否能通过考试”。
3. 浏览此句可知考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其他，故排除D项；A、C两项是疑问语序，故排除。句意为“父母应该让孩子做他们喜欢做的事”。
4. 根据从句“光传播的速度比声音快”这一客观真理可知，其时态不受主句过去时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。
（答题时间：15分钟）
Ⅰ. 用恰当的连接词完成下列句子或对话
1. — Could you please tell me ______ I can study English well?
—Practice, practice and practice.
2. Do you know ______ her son is nervous?
3. I don’t know ______ the woman does.
4. No one knows ______ country the old man is from.
5. —Could you tell me ______ I can buy that shampoo?
—In the shop next to our school.
6. Do you know ______ clothes they are?
7. Can you tell me ______ has cleaned the classroom?
8. Please tell me ______ she is talking to.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
1. I don’t know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come B. how will he come
C. if he comes D. whether he’ll come
2. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?
A. what B. how C. whether D. where
3. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend B. what did he mend
C. how he mended D. what he mended
4. I want to know _________.
A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after
5. Do you know where _________ now?
A. he lives B. does he live
C. he lived D. did he live
6. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave B. does the train leave
C. will the train leave D. the train leaves
7. I don’t know _________. Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
8. The small children don’t know _________.
A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings
Ⅲ. 句型转换
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子）
Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China?
2. “Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句）
He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．
3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）
_______ Jim _________Tom is a student.
4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know _________ the train _________.
5. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. （改为含宾语从句的复合句）
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.
Ⅰ. 1. how 2. why 3. what 4. which 5. where 6. whose 7. who 8. whom/who
Ⅱ. 1. D 解析：宾语从句中的语序用陈述语序，排除A、B两项；主句的时态是一般现在时，故从句中根据时间状语用一般将来时，排除C项；故选D项。
2. D 解析：根据句意 “请你告诉我最近的医院在哪儿，好吗？”可知D项符合句意。
3. C 解析：根据宾语从句的语序用陈述语序可排除A, B两项；根据句意应是你能告诉我“在没有任何帮助的情况下他是如何修收音机的吗？”，故选C项。
4. D 解析：根据宾语从句中的语序是陈述句语序可排除A, C两项；look是不及物动词，后面不能直接接宾语，故排除B项。
5. A 解析：宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序，故排除B, D两项；根据主句用一般现在时可知从句的时态用一般现在时，故选A项。
6. D 解析：宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序，故排除B, C两项；the train是单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，选D项。
7. D 解析：从句中的连接词要放在前面，故排除A,C项；从句中的语序用陈述句语序，排除B项，故选D项。
8. B 解析：宾语从句中的语序用陈述句语序，本题中的连接代词在从句中作主语，故选B项。
Ⅲ. 1. if／whether; enjoys 2. if／whether; needed
3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves 5. if/ whether; came