北师大版英语九年级上册知识讲义 被动语态（二）

初中英语 被动语态（二）
1. 考点：
知识点 考纲要求 考查题型
被动语态 1. 掌握含有双宾语及复合宾语的句子变为被动语态；
2. 掌握主动形式表示被动意义。
单项选择
句型转换
完形填空
2. 难点：
主动形式表示被动意义
一、含有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的句子变为被动句
（1）可将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变。
【例句】
I gave him a present yesterday.
→He was given a present yesterday.
昨天我给了他一件礼物。
（2）可将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。
常接to的动词有：give, tell, lend, send, show, pass, offer等。
常接for的动词有：bring, make, buy, cook等。
【例句】
I gave him a present yesterday.
→A present was given to him yesterday.
昨天我给了他一件礼物。
二、含有复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的句子变为被动句
（1）带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语仍留原处，作主语补足语。
【例句】
Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once.
→We were told to clean the classroom at once by our teacher.
我们老师告诉我们立刻打扫教室。
（2）后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾语补足语部分不变。
【例句】
We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room.
→Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room.
我们听到吉姆正在他房间里弹吉他。
（3）后接动词原形作宾语补足语时，在被动句中把省略的to补出。
接动词原形作宾补的动词：feel, listen, hear, let, make, have, watch, see, look, notice, help 等。
【例句】
We saw an alien get out of the UFO.
→An alien was seen to get out of the UFO.
我们看到一个外星人走出飞碟。
三、短语动词的被动语态
在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。
【例句】
Jack turned on the TV just now.
→The TV was turned on by Jack just now.
杰克刚才打开了电视机。
四、主动形式表示被动意义
【拓展】
1. 系动词feel, look, sound, smell, taste用主动形式表示被动意义。
2. 动词open, read, sell, drive, write等作不及物动词，它们的主语为物，用主动形式表示被动意义。
3. want/ need/ require +doing相当于want/ need/ require +to be done。to be done为不定式的被动结构。
4. 不及物动词没有被动语态，如take place, happen。
一、单项选择
1. This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, ____________ well.
A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold
2. How dirty the tables are! They need ____________.
A. to clean B. clean C. cleaned D. to be cleaned
3. Some new presents _________________ me by my friends last week.
A. were bought to B. are bought for
C. were bought for D. bought for
4. Those who are not good at English can’t ______________ by others.
A. laugh at B. be laughed C. be laughed at D. be laughed to
5. We _______ to have a speech _____________ by the old headmaster tomorrow afternoon.
A. tell; will be given B. are told; will be given
C. tell; given D. are told; given
6. The river smells terrible. People must __________________ dirty things into it.
A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing
C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing
7. Great changes ________________ in the past ten years in China.
A. were taken place B. have taken place
C. have been taken place D. had taken place
8. Boys and girls, the books in the library should _______________.
A. be taken good care B. take good care of
C. be taken good care of D. take good care
9. Zhang Peng _________________ the classroom yesterday.
A. made clean B. was made clean
C. was made to clean D. made to clean
10. Some children were seen __________ football on the playground when the teacher passed.
A. to play B. play C. playing D. were playing
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. Great changes ______ (take place) in his hometown since he left it.
2. It was raining heavily outside. The kids were made ______ (stay) in the classroom.
3. We ______ (sell) out all the machines, because they ______ (sell) well this year.
4. Today, the forests have almost gone. People must ______ (stop) from cutting down too many trees.
5. You can play football this afternoon if your homework ______ (finish).
答案：
一、单项选择
1. A 根据空后的well可知表示“销售得好”，此时sell用主动形式表示被动意义；主语this listening material是第三人称单数，故选A项。而sell out表示“售完”，有被动语态。
2. D 浏览题干可知主语They指代“the tables”，即桌子需要打扫，故用need doing或need to be done的形式，故选D项。
3. C 根据时间状语last week可知时态用一般过去时，排除B项；“礼物”和“买”形成了被动关系，故用被动语态，排除D项；buy意为“买”，表示为某人买某物时用介词for，故选C项。
4. C 题干中who引导的是定语从句，作those的定语，主语是those；“那些学生”和“嘲笑”之间表示被动，应用被动语态，A项排除；laugh是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，故排除B项；laugh接宾语时，要先加介词at，故排除D项。
5. D we和tell之间表示被动，故用被动语态，排除A, C两项；句意为“我们被告知明天下午去听老校长的演讲”，“演讲”和“做”也是被动的，故用过去分词作定语修饰speech，故选D项。
6. B people和stop之间是被动关系，即“人们被阻止”，故用被动语态，排除C, D两项；stop…from doing sth.是正确短语，故选B项。句意为“这河水很难闻。人们必须被阻止往里面扔脏东西”。
7. B 浏览选项可知take place意为“发生”，是不及物动词，没有被动语态，故A, C两项排除；时间状语in the past ten years是现在完成时的标志，故用现在完成时，选项B正确。
8. C 考查被动语态。书和“照料”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，排除B，D两项；而take good care of意为“好好照料”，是一个短语动词，故其中的介词不可丢，故选C项。
9. C 考查被动语态。句意为“昨天张鹏被要求打扫了教室。”，故用被动语态，排除A, D两项；make在主动句中作宾补省略to，故被动句中要补出，故选C项。
10. C 考查非谓语动词。were seen 是被动语态结构形式，其后接to do或doing；根据“当老师经过时”可知动作正在进行，故选C项。
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. have taken place 2. to stay 3. have sold; sell
4. be stopped 5. is finished
（答题时间：15分钟）
Ⅰ. 单项选择
1. —Claudia, are you going to Jeff’s birthday party on Saturday?
—Unless I ______.
A. will be invited B. am invited
C. was inviting D. invited
2. —I am afraid that I can’t finish the task successfully.
—Don’t worry. You ______ plenty of time to do it.
A. will be given B. give
C. will give D. are given
3. —Food safety is very important.
—So some rules ______ to stop people from polluting food.
A. must make B. must be made
C. must made D. be made
4. The children must ______ in the school.
A. take care of B. taken care
C. be taken care D. be taken care of
5. Although the car is old, it ______ well.
A. drive B. drives C. is driven D. was driven
6. Some more trees need _______ on the hill.
A. to plant B. to be planted
C. planted D. plant
7. —The food looked bad, but it _____ OK.
—So we can’t judge a man by his appearance.
A. is tasted B. tasted C. was tasted D. taste
8. An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened
C. is happened D. happened
Ⅱ. 阅读填空
阅读短文, 根据短文内容及首字母提示, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
Tommy h　1　school and was always looking for excuses not to go. I　2　he sneezed, he asked his mother to write a note saying he had a cold. If he had a headache, he asked his mother to t　3　him to the doctor’s during school hours.
He spent more time at home t　4　he did at school.
On the days that he did go to school, he looked for excuses to come home e　5　.
One day he came home from school in the m 6 of the morning and his father was surprised.
“You’re home early, ”he said, “Is school c　7　today? ”
“No, Dad, ”Tommy said, “It’s open. I came home early. ”
“How did you do that? ”his father asked him, “W 8 did you say to the teacher? ”
“I told her that I had a new baby brother and that I had to come home and help you.”
“But your mother has had t　9　, ” His father said, “a boy and a girl. You’ve got a baby brother and a baby sister. ”
“Yes, I know, Dad. ”Tommy said, “I’m saving up my baby sister for n　10　week.”
1. 　　　　 2. 　　　　3. 　　　　 4. 　　　　 5. 　　?
6. 　　　 7. 　　　 8. 　　　 9. 　　　 10. 　　?
Ⅰ. 1. B 考查一般现在时的被动语态。答语是一省略句，省略了用一般将来时的主句，故unless引导的从句用一般现在时；主语I和“邀请”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，选项B正确。
2. A 考查被动语态。主语you和“给”之间是被动关系，故选A项。答语意为“不要担心。你将有大量的时间去做它。”。
3. B 考查情态动词的被动语态。因为“规则”和“制定”之间表示被动，故用被动语态；选B项。
4. D 考查短语动词的被动语态。take care of是一个整体，故不能丢掉介词of，故选D项。
5. B 考查主动形式表示被动意义。根据well可知“行驶得好”，故用drive的主动形式表示被动意义；it是第三人称单数，故选B项。
6. B 考查need的用法。need doing =need to be done，故选B项，句意为“更多的树需要在山上种植。”。
7. B 考查系动词的用法。系动词在句中用主动形式表示被动意义；根据looked用的是一般过去时，故taste也用过去式，选B项。
8. D 根据时间状语last week可知时态用一般过去时；happen没有被动语态，故选D项。
Ⅱ. 1. hated　 2. If　 3. take　4. than　 5. early
6. middle　7. closed　8. What　9. twins　10. next