北师大版英语九年级上册知识讲义 被动语态（一）

初中英语 被动语态(一)
1. 考点：
知识点 考纲要求 考查题型
被动语态 1. 掌握被动语态的构成与用法；
2. 掌握主动语态变为被动语态。
单项选择
句型转换
完形填空
2. 难点：
主动语态变被动语态
一、被动语态的概念
表示主语是动作的承受者；如果主语是动作的执行者，就是主动语态。
二、被动语态的用法
当不知道谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。
在没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。
强调或突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。如需同时指出动作的执行者，可用“介词by +动词执行者（宾格）”这一结构。
三、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，动词有时态、人称和数的变化。
不同时态 被动结构形式
一般现在时 am/is/are +vt. pp
一般过去时 was/ were +vt. pp
现在进行时 am/is/are +being +vt. pp
过去进行时 was/were +being +vt. pp
一般将来时 will/shall + be +vt. pp
am/is/are going to + be +vt. pp
过去将来时 would +be +vt. pp
was/were going to + be +vt. pp
现在完成时 have/has +been +vt. pp
过去完成时 had +been +vt. pp
含有情态动词的 情态动词+be +vt. pp
四、被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句
五、主动语态变被动语态的方法
第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。
第二步：把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，应把宾格变为主格。
第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”， 但时态不能改变。
第四步：把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略)，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。
六、被动语态的常考题型
1)主动句变为被动句
解题时可按照主动语态变被动语态的方法进行四步走，其中一定注意不同时态的被动结构形式。
2) 单项选择
这类题是主要的中考题型，常考查不同时态的谓语部分。做题时首先根据题干的提示确定要用的时态，再据主语判断单复数形式。
【例句】
We’re sure that the environment in our city ________ greatly through our work in the near future.
A. improved B. was improved
C. has improved D. will be improved
【解题技巧】
本句是含有宾语从句的复合句，根据主句的谓语动词是一般现在时可知从句的时态要据具体情况选择；in the near future表示将来，故用一般将来时；从句的主语the environment和improve之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态结构形式，故选D项。
3) 动词应用
①单独的句子用动词的适当形式填空
【例句】
The bridge _______ (build) for two months.
【解题技巧】
该句中根据时间状语for two months可判断时态用现在完成时；主语the bridge和build之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时态的被动语态结构形式，答案为：has been built。
②语篇中用动词的适当形式填空
【例句】
One day, there was a big football match on the playground. He (1) (borrow)some money from his friend and hurried there. There (2) (be) a lot of people there. And all the tickets (3) (sell) out.
【解题技巧】
根据one day可判断时态为一般过去时，故1用borrowed，2用were；关键看3小题，时态可判断为一般过去时，但all the tickets和sell out之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时态的被动语态结构形式，答案为：were sold。
1. Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information __________ in a short time.
A. can be learned B. has been learned C. can learn D. has learned
2. The old people must __________________ politely.
A. be spoken B. spoken C. speak D. be spoken to
3. The Chinese writer has got lots of fans in France. His new book ___________ into French as soon as it came out.
A. was translated B. translated C. is translated D. translates
4. You can’t go out to play football unless your project ________________.
A. will do B. will done C. does D. is done
5. His clothes ________________ yet. Can you get them _______________?
A. haven’t washed; to wash B. haven’t been washed; to wash
C. haven’t washed; washed D. haven’t been washed; washed
6. More attention should ___________ to ____________ after the guests ____________.
A. pay; looking; invited B. be paid; look; inviting
C. paid; looking; invite D. be paid; looking; invited
7. A new hospital ___________________ in my town next year.
A. builds B. built C. is built D. will be built
8. People who ____________________ to the party are very excited.
A. have invited B. has been invited
C. will invite D. have been invited
9. —Tom! I looked for you everywhere at the party last night.
—Oh, I ___________________ to the party.
A. am invited B. was invited
C. am not invited D. wasn’t invited
10. Many students __________________ chances to show themselves in class because the class size is too big.
A. don’t give B. aren’t given
C. haven’t given D. won’t give
答案：
1. A 考查被动语态。根据主语“不同的信息”和“得知”之间形成了被动关系，故用被动语态，排除C, D两项；根据句意“多亏了因特网，不同的信息在很短时间内就能被知道”可知A项正确。B项是现在完成时的被动语态构成形式，不符句意。
2. D 考查动词短语的被动语态。句意为“老人必须被礼貌地与之讲话”，故用被动语态；符合must + be +vt. pp的只有A, D两项；而speak to sb. 意为“对某人说话；和某人讲话”，其中的to不可丢，故选D项。
3. A 考查被动语态。根据从句时态的一般过去时可判断主句也用一般过去时，排除C, D两项；“新书”和“翻译”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，选项A正确。
4. D 考查时态和语态。unless引导的是条件状语从句，主句中含有情态动词，故状语从句用一般现在时，排除A, B两项；“你的作业”和“做”之间是被动关系，故选D项。
5. D 考查被动语态及过去分词。根据yet可知时态用现在完成时；“衣服”和“洗”之间表示被动关系，故排除A, C两项；后句中的them是指衣服，get sth. done意为“使某事被做”，故选D项。
6. D 考查被动语态、非谓语动词和过去分词。根据more attention 和pay之间表示被动关系，故用被动语态；第一空用be paid；句中的to是pay attention to中的，为介词，故后接动词的-ing形式，第二空用looking；句意为“应该多注意照顾被邀请的客人”，“客人”和“邀请”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词修饰guests，第三空用invited，故选D项。
7. D 根据时间状语next year可知时态用一般将来时；主语和“建造”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，故选D项。
8. D 考查被动语态。who在定语从句中作主语，代替先行词people，故谓语动词用复数形式，排除B项；“人”和“邀请”构成了被动关系，故用被动语态；只有D项正确。句意为“已被邀请去参加宴会的人很兴奋”。
9. D 考查被动语态的否定句。根据上句的last night可判断时态用一般过去时，上句句意为“汤姆！昨天晚上我在宴会上到处找你。”，答语句意“哦，我没有被邀请去参加宴会。”，故选D项。
10. B 考查被动语态的否定句。根据“学生”和“给”之间可判断为被动关系，故用被动语态；从句中的时态是一般现在时，故主句时态也用一般现在时，故选B项。句意为“因为班级阵容大，所以许多学生在课堂上没有被给予机会展示自己”。
（答题时间：15分钟）
一、单项选择
1. Three bridges ___________________ over the river five years ago.
A. built B. build C. were built D. are built
2. The boy ___________________ to the hospital since his parents came.
A. was sent B. sent
C. has been sent D. have been sent
3. I think your homework ___________________ before noon.
A. should do B. should be done
C. should be did D. be should done
4. If your homework ________________, you can go home early.
A. does B. is done C. was done D. will be done
5. —The meeting _______________ because of the smog in Northern China last week.
—Oh, it’s too bad! We should take action to improve the air quality.
A. put out B. was put out
C. put off D. was put off
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. This kind of machine ____________ (can make) by uncle Wang.
2. The students _________ often _________ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
3. That play ________________ (put) on again sometime next month.
4. A piano concert _______________ (give) here last Friday.
5. What ___________ a knife ______________ (make) of?
三、阅读理解
Last Sunday evening ,my parents went out for a walk with my sister. But I studied alone at home because I would have an English test. Suddenly, I saw bright light in my neighbor’s kitchen .I thought he was cooking ,so I went on studying.
Soon, there was a terrible smell in the air and I thought something was wrong. I went out and saw fire coming out of my neighbor’s kitchen. So I shouted “Fire, Fire!” But no one heard or came out.
I ran quickly to my house to call 119, and then I rang my neighbor’s doorbell, knocked at the door, but there was no response. I got into the house through the window and found my neighbor sleeping in his bedroom .I woke him up and we rushed out of the house together.
We tried our best to pour water through the kitchen window, but the fire was too heavy. Luckily, the firemen came and put out the fire quickly. When my parents came back, they found I was dirty and tired. After my neighbor told them the whole story, they were happy and said I was a brave boy.
1. The underlined word “response” can be replaced (代替)by .
A. result B. answer C. question D. key
2. Why didn’t the writer go out for a walk with his parents?
A. Because his parents only liked his sister.
B. Because he would have an English class.
C. Because he had to study for an English test.
D. Because there was a fire on his neighbor’s kitchen.
3. Who put out the fire at last?
A. The writer. B. The writer’s parents.
C. The writer’s neighbor. D. The firemen.
4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. The writer’s neighbor was sleeping when the fire started.
B. No one helped the writer’s neighbor put out the fire.
C. The fire happened last Friday evening.
D. The writer’s parents were angry when they knew what had happened.
5. What’s the passage mainly about?
A. How to put out a fire.
B. My neighbor was a brave man.
C. I saved my neighbor from the fire.
D. I studied for a test at home.
一、单项选择
1. C 根据时间状语five years ago可知时态用一般过去时；“桥”是被建的，故用被动语态，选项C正确。
2. C 根据时间状语可判断时态为现在完成时；男孩和“送”之间构成了被动关系，故用被动语态；主语是第三人称单数，故选C项。
3. B 根据“你的作业”和“做”之间是被动关系，用被动语态；含有情态动词的被动语态的结构形式为：情态动词+be+vt. pp，故选B项。
4. B 考查条件状语从句中的被动语态。根据“主情从现”原则可知从句用一般现在时；而“你的作业”和“做”之间表示被动，故用被动语态，选项B正确。
5. D 考查语态以及短语差别。根据last week可知时态用一般过去时；put out意为“扑灭”；put off意为“推迟；拖延”；根据句意可知“会议推迟了”正确；并且“会议”和“推迟”之间形成了被动关系，故用被动语态，选项D正确。
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. can be made 2. are; told 3. will be put 4. was given 5. is; made
三、阅读理解
1. B 词义猜测题 根据I got into the house through the window and found my neighbor sleeping in his bedroom .可知邻居已经昏迷了。作者敲门没有人应答。故选B项。
2. C 细节理解题 根据But I studied alone at home because I would have an English test.可知作者没有跟父母出去散步时因为要准备英语考试。故选C项。
3. D 细节理解题 根据Luckily, the firemen came and put out the fire quickly.可知，是消防人员把火扑灭的。故选D项。
4. A 细节理解题 根据I got into the house through the window and found my neighbor sleeping in his bedroom .可知A正确。故选A项。
5. C 主旨归纳题 A项意为“怎样扑灭火”；B项意为“我的邻居是一个勇敢的人”；C项意为“我把邻居从大火中救出来”；D项意为“我在家准备考试”。根据整篇文章内容可知，本文主要讲的是作者救了火灾中的邻居。故选C项。