(共15张PPT)
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易错音汇总（二）
四 摩擦音误读
1. /v/与 /f/、/w/
摩擦
辅音
/v/ ① 上齿接触下唇，气流从唇齿间的缝隙中经过，形成摩擦而发音；
② 发音时，声带振动 vast
live
give
摩擦
辅音
/f/ ●/f/与/v/发音部位和方法相同，唯一不同的是/f/是清辅音，发音时声带不振动 fast
leaf
gift
半元音
/w/ ① 舌后部向软腭 抬起；
② 双唇收圆收小，并向前突出，注意上唇不能接触下齿；
③ 声带振动，气流由双唇间空隙流出而发音
● /w/仅出现在词首或词中，必须很快滑向后面的元音，从不出现在词末
water
swim
west
where
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2. /θ/与/ /
摩擦
辅音
/θ/ ① 舌尖略向前伸出，位于上下齿之间，上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖；
② 呼气，声带不振动，气流通过舌尖和上齿间的缝隙，摩擦而成音
bath
thank
theme
摩擦
辅音
/ / ● / /与/θ/发音部位和方法相同，唯一不同的是/ /是浊辅音，发音时声带要振动 weather
mother
clothes
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摩擦
辅音
/s/ ① 舌尖上抬，靠近上齿龈，但不要贴紧；
② 气流从舌尖和上齿龈之间的缝隙中摩擦而出；
③ 发音时声带不振
bus
sank
same
摩擦
辅音
/z/ ● /z/与/s/发音部位和方法相同，唯一不同的是/z/是浊辅音，发音时声带要振动 please
prize
close
3. / /与/ /
摩擦
辅音
/ / ① 舌身向硬腭抬起，舌身两侧接触上齿；
②舌尖不卷曲，向上抬至上齿龈后部；
③ 双唇向前突出，略呈喇叭形，声带不振动，气流通过舌身与硬腭之间的缝隙，摩擦而发音
shift
shoe
sure
摩擦
辅音
/ / ● / /与/ /发音部位和方法相同，唯一不同的是/ /是浊辅音，发音时声带要振动 usual
pleasure
vision
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朗读下面的句子，注意划线部分的发音。
1. I drive five miles on Friday night to see a fight that I like.
2. Few people in the union agree with his view on this issue.
3. Their mother thanked her three brothers for their timely aid.
4. There are thirty thousand feathers on that thrush’s throat.
5. They’ve made a decision regarding the seizure and closure of the garage.
6. I should measure up the garage before laying the machines which I bought yesterday.
7. An English fisherman who lives in a small house wishes to get a foolish fish for a cold dish.
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五 破擦音/t /和/ d /误读
破擦
辅音
/t / ●发音时舌尖及舌端贴住上齿龈后部，憋住气不发音，然后舌尖稍稍下降，气流从舌和齿龈间的狭缝中冲出，摩擦成音 watch
lunch
chair
破擦
辅音
/d / ● /t /与/d /发音部位和方法相同，唯一不同的是/d /是浊辅音，发音时声带要振动 age
large
danger
1. Some soldiers stood still on the bridge of that village.
2. The village bridge which was built ten years ago was badly damaged in the heavy rain.
3. The rich gentleman is generous to engage the surgeon in January.
4. He must be a rich man who is worth a million pounds for he wears an expensive watch.
5. He drew a picture of a chicken in the kitchen with a piece of chalk which he used every day.
朗读下面的句子，注意划线部分的发音。
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六 元音方面存在的问题
前元音
/e/
● 舌尖轻触下齿，舌前部抬高，但不接触硬腭，略低于前元音
/ /的舌位，嘴的开口度比
/ /略大，上下齿之间约能放下一根中指，唇形扁平，没有摩擦
head
bed
dead
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前元音
/ / ●舌尖轻触下齿，舌前部抬高，舌高略低于/e/，嘴的开口度比/e/大，上下齿之间约能放下一根食指加一根中指，双唇向两旁平伸，唇形扁平，没有摩擦
hand
bad
dad
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中元音
/ /
●舌尖轻触下齿龈，舌的中部向硬腭抬起，舌身自然平放，双唇向两边平伸，唇形扁平，嘴的开口度较大，略低于/ /，没有摩擦
but
love
cup
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后元音
/ɑ /
● 舌尖离开下齿，舌身自然平放，后部稍微抬高，舌位很低，嘴张开略成圆形，开口在12个单元音中最大，没有摩擦
fast
bath
park
1. We’d better go to bed early for we have to get up early to catch the bus.
2. Ten wealthy men who were full of sympathy met twelve beggars and fed them with fresh eggs and bread.
3. Snap your fingers, clap your hands and stand on your head.
4. Jack had a chat with me and told me that he had married a beautiful girl who he loved deeply.
5. Mother said she would come back to cook us supper for father would not come back home tonight.
6. My brother who has financial difficulties these days needs some money to buy some honey for his lovely cousin.
7. Chicken in the car and the car can go. That is the way you spell “Chicago”.
8. He passed a basket of grass to the farmers who needed it to feed their horses at half past nine last night.
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朗读下面的句子，注意划线部分的发音。
七 辅音连缀/ts/、/dz/与汉语声母c、z混淆
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/ts/ ① 舌尖抵住上齿龈，形成阻碍；
② 舌尖略微下降，呼气，声带振动，气流通过舌端齿龈的缝隙，发出轻微的/t/后立即发/s/
●/ts/只出现在单词末尾，是以t结尾的名词复数、名词所有格和动词第三人称单数的读音
cats
Walt’s
sits
/dz/ ① 发音时舌尖抵住上齿龈，形成阻碍；
② 舌尖略微下降，呼气，声带振动，气流通过舌端齿龈的缝隙，发出轻微的/d/后立即发/z/
●/dz/只出现在单词末尾，是以d结尾的名词复数、名词所有格和动词第三人称单数的读音
hands
Edward’s
stands
1. One beats the bush, and another catches the birds.
2. A man of words but not deeds is like a garden full of weeds.
3. The peasants who were usually tied to the land that they worked sowed seeds in the paddy fields with both hands.
4. The students who passed the mid-term exam a week ago were in high spirits all through the sports meet.
5. He sends postcards through which he shows his best wishes to his friends at Christmas every year.
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朗读下面的句子，注意划线部分的发音。(共7张PPT)
鼻辅音
/n/ ①舌尖紧贴上齿龈，形成阻碍；
②软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔泄出
●浊辅音，声带振动
●在词末尾时须略微延长，以防止吞音
now
need
rain
cotton
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一 易错音汇总（一）
一 /n/、/ / 、/l/及/r/相互混淆
鼻辅音
/ /
①舌尖离开下齿并下垂；
②舌的后部抬高，轻触软腭，气流从鼻腔泄出
●浊辅音，声带振动
uncle
angry
wrong
morning
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摩擦
辅音
/r/
①舌尖向上卷起，接近上齿龈后部；
②舌前部下陷，略呈凹形，双唇略微向外突出，呼气，气流通过舌面与上齿龈后部摩擦而发音
●浊辅音，声带振动
red
race
sorry
write
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舌侧音
/l/
①舌尖及舌端紧贴上齿龈；
②舌前向硬腭抬起，气流从舌的旁边泄出，浊辅音，声带振动
let
look
Feeling
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朗读下面的句子，注意划线部分的发音。
1. I have always depended on the kindness of strangers.
2. The only folks who know where the mushrooms bloom in the woods are native sons.
3. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
4. I am really hungry. Do you have some rice
5. I was praised for taking first prize. Are you
looking down upon me
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1. Mike brought the nasty cheap beer in the
afternoon.
2. Much of the blame of homelessness should go
on the state’s welfare system.
3. The Wright Brothers made the first successful
flight in an airplane in 1903.
4. My student who had an accident yesterday was
absent from class today.
5. Paul’s wife shrank away from him and told him
he was disgusting.
朗读下面的句子，注意划线部分的发音。
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二 尾音不读，形成错误吞音
1. How many languages can you speak
2. Young children often can’t distinguish between TV programs and commercials.
3. The management was looking for a quick-and-dirty solution to their tax problems.
4. We are concerned about the frequency of crime in the area.
5. The team ensured its qualification for the final with a win over Kennedy High.
朗读下面的句子，注意划线部分的发音。
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三 懒音现象(共5张PPT)
/ /→/θ/ with thanks
/z/→/s/ he has to
/v/→/f/ of course have to
六 音的同化
浊辅音与清辅音首尾相接时，浊音清化：
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在/ /,/j/前，
/s/→/ / this ship this year
/z/→/ / is she those young men
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/d/+/j/=/d /:
Did you understand
Would you do me a favor
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/t/+/j/=/t /:
Don’t you like it
Don’t you see it
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1. Would you do me a favor The boxes are too heavy. I can’t carry them by myself.
2. Look what a mess you’ve made here. It was clean and tidy ten minutes ago.
3. He has to leave his home at once because he has to catch the bus at 6:00.
4. Take the umbrella in case you need it. The weather report said it would rain this afternoon.
朗读下面的句子，注意划线部分的发音。
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■(共8张PPT)
十一 语调
(一)升调和降调
1. 降调： 降调表示语义完结，语气肯定。一般陈述句、命令祈使句和特殊问句等用降调。
2. 升调：升调的基本含义是“未结束”、“不肯定”。 一般疑问句用升调。
英语的语调还有降升调、升降调和升降升调。降升调在英语中也比较常用。它常表示“对比”、“态度保留”和“有言外之意”。
升降调常表示语气强烈、惊奇、自满得意等感情。
升降升调常表示自信、欢快、洋洋得意等感情。
此外语调与重读关系密切，重读词常带有语调。
1. 陈述句的语调：
例：John swims well(↘).
Ann is writing a letter(↘).
2. 一般疑问句与答语的语调：
例：A: Are you ready yet (↗)
B: Yes, I’m ready(↘).
(二)常用句式的语调
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3. 特殊问句的语调：
例: Why did you change your mind(↘)
What on earth has happened(↘) to him
4. 选择问句的语调：
(1) 例：Do you want coffee(↗)or tea(↘)
Was it Sally(↗)or Helen(↘)
(2) 例：Would you like coffee(↗)or tea(↗)...
Do you want to eat an apple(↗)or a
pear(↗)...
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5. 反意问句的语调：
(1) 例：She’s coming tomorrow, isn’t she(↗)
You weren’t there on Wednesday, were
you(↗)
(2) 例：A: You don’t like this color(↘), do you(↘)
(See, I know you so well.)
B: No, I don’t. (You are right.)
6. 感叹句的语调：
(1) 例：What a beautiful flower! (↘)
What a lovely girl! (↘)
(2) 例：A: John came first (↗ ↘)!
B: What wonderful (↗ ↘) news!
It’s unbelievable(↘).
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7. 祈使句的语调
(1) 例：Go back to your seat(↘).
Don’t make any mistakes(↘).
(2) 例：Don’t worry(↗). 。
Turn down the TV(↗), please.
(3) 例：Put(↘) your coat on(↗).
Don’t(↘) eat so much sugar(↗).
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8. 问候、告别、道谢与道歉时的语调：
问候
(1) 例：Good morning(↘). How do you do(↘)
(2) 例：Good morning(↗). How are you(↗)
告别
例：Good bye(↗)!
Good night(↗)！
道谢
(1) 例： Thank you(↘). Thanks a lot(↘).
(2) 例： Thank you(↗). Thank you very(↗)much.
道歉
例： Sorry(↗). I’m(↘)sorry(↗).
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1. I like math(↗), science(↗)and history(↘).
Sally has a lot of talent(↗), experience(↗)and ambition(↘).
2. After eating(↗), I always clean my teeth(↘).
Entering the classroom(↗), I saw an old man sitting in
front of me (↘).
3. What he said yesterday(↗)is not true(↘).
The woman eating a hamburger(↘) is Jack’s mother(↘).
4. He opened the door(↗)and Mary walked(↘)in.
The big apple is yours(↗)and the small one is mine(↘).
5. We must leave(↘)now or we’ll be late for the train(↘).
I’ll go to America(↘)and Mary will go to China(↘).
（三）长句的语调
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1. Do you think it is necessary to teach traffic safety rules from primary school ↗ ?
2. How many manned spaceships has China launched from 2003 to now ↘ ?
3. How shall we go to the small town tomorrow, on foot, ↗ by bike ↗ or by bus ↘
4. He was unselfish, ↗ modest, ↗ and always putting the interests of others before his own. ↘
5. You may do whatever you like ↗, go wherever you choose ↗ and with whomever you please. ↘
朗读下面的句子，注意句子的语调。(“↗ 、↘”表示升、降调)
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有轻有重”是英语句子节奏、语调的特点。句中的重读词发音响亮饱满，非重读词相对不响亮，有些非重读词甚至读音省略。掌握好句子的重读词与非重读词，强读与弱读是学好英语语调的关键。
一般来说句子中的词重读与否与这些词在句中意思上的重要性密切相关。实词一般重读而虚词不重读。因为实词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词等一般传达主要的意思，而虚词如介词、连词、冠词等主要起语法作用。
总之，“实词多重读、虚词非重读”“有意义的词重读、意义小的词非重读”“重读兼顾节奏”
七 重读与非重读
1. My mother works in a nursery which lies in the West District. There are hundreds of children who are lovely.
2. The girl in the red coat was on a black bike just now. It seemed that she was in a hurry to deal with something urgent.
3. There are many kinds of fast food restaurants in the United States. The greatest in number sell hamburgers, French fries and so on.
4. When young people get their real jobs, they may face a lot of new, confusing situations. They may find that everything is different from the way things were at school.
5. Hollywood, a suburb of the city of Los Angeles in California, is situated between a range of mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
朗读下面的句子，注意划线部分的读音。（下划线部分是重读部分）
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英语以意群的形式来表达观点和看法。意群是意思联系紧密的短语或从句。一个句子可以按照意义和语法结构分成几个部分，每一个部分成为一个意群。朗读时停顿时间的长短主要取决于语流中的意群和句子的语法结构。一般来说，每个意群之后停顿的时间最短，每个逗号之后停顿的时间稍长一点，每个句号之后停顿的时间更长，段落之间的停顿则是最长。停顿以一个意群为最小单位，也就是说，意群直接影响了停顿。
句子意群的划分主要由以下三个因素决定：
1. 意思联系的紧密程度
2. 语速
3. 句子的长度
十 意群停顿
1. It is easier to buy books/ than to read them, / and easier to read them/ than to absorb them.
2. George saw/ there were a lot of spots/ on Tom’s pocket/ and told Tom/ to wash them with hot water.
3. There are over 3000 languages that are used throughout the world today. /Almost all of these languages/ belong to a much smaller number of language families.
4. Bees are flying insects that are found all over the world./ There are over twelve thousand different species of bees,/ but only ten thousand of these occur/ in north America.
5. The first recorded Olympic competition/ was held/ in an outdoor stadium,/ which was about 200 meters long/ and 300 meters wide.
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朗读下面的句子，注意句子中的意群停顿。( “/”表示停顿)(共6张PPT)
例：/sm/: smoke smile
/tw/: twin twelve
/tr/: tree trousers
/dr/: dress dream
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三 辅音连缀
1. 词首辅音连缀发音要领
例：/ft/: lift left
/ks/: six fix
/kst/: next fixed
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2. 词尾辅音连缀发音要领
(1) 加-es/-s
①
名词：desks, maps, roofs, months
动词：likes, stops, makes, keeps
②
名词：knives, names, eggs, pens
动词：drives, loves, claims, digs
③
名词：faces, brushes, watches, noses, oranges
动词：dances, washes, teaches, chooses, manages
④
名词：boots, birds, lands
动词：meets, reads, leads
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①以清辅音结尾（/t/除外）的动词，词尾加-ed发清辅音/t/。如: liked, jumped, watched, laughed。
②以浊辅音（/d/除外）或元音结尾的动词，词尾加-ed发浊辅音/d/。如: lived, played, seemed, battled。
③以/t/、/d/结尾的动词词尾加-ed读作/id/。如: wanted, waited, handed, minded。
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（２）加-ed
如： /sp/: speak, spring, speed
/st/: start, study, stand
/sk/: sky, school, skate
注意：词尾处的/s/加清辅音连缀不必浊化，因为它们出现在元音后面，如next, ask, fast, last, dust。
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3. 音的浊化
1. I’ve always dreamed about a trip to that country which is famous for its spectacular scenery.
2. The first man who succeeded in swimming the English Channel was Captain Web, an Englishman. He landed in France 21 hours later after he jumped into the water at Dover.
3. Where there are trees, their roots break up soil, allowing the rain to sink in, and also bind the soil, thus preventing it from being washed away.
4. The fishermen all over the world catch millions and millions of kilograms of fish a year. People in many places still use small boats and old fishing methods to catch fish as they did in the past.
5. Experts are studying how laptops can help students. They also want to see how the program is working at other universities.
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朗读下面的句子，注意划线部分的发音。(共5张PPT)
1. 辅音+元音。
drop off pick up
There are two cats on the table.
He lay there as if he was dead.
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五 连读
2. 元音+元音。
the apple go on
Tom is the only son of the old
couple.
She works day in and day out.
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3. 辅音+辅音。
You look sad.
I had a good time yesterday.
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4. 连接音r。
I looked for it everywhere.
He lost a pair of shoes in public.
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1. I feel as if I were twenty years younger when I stayed with young men who were full of old ideas.
2. There are so many kinds of entertainment, such as sports activities, performances, plays and movies in the world.
3. The education TV service offers teaching programs on all subjects for people of different professions as well as for students, children and aged people.
4. Every year, thousands of people come to Edinburgh, the capital city of Scotland, to take part in the Edinburgh International Festival, which started in 1947.
5. A group of American artists had the idea of the red ribbon 18 years ago. People wear it to show they care about AIDS.
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朗读下面的句子，注意句子中连读的部分。（“ ”表示连读）
(共2张PPT)
英语中有些非重读词(主要为助动词、系动词、介词、连词、冠词和人称代词等)有两种读音形式： 强读式和弱读式。如of在说话时就常弱读为／ ／。练习使用弱读式会使说话更加流畅。
一般来说，弱读式出现于该词在句中非重读时；强读式出现于该词在话语中特别强调需要重读时，或即使不需重读，但是单独出现，或出现在句首或句末时。
八 强读与弱读
1. As we all know, English is the most widely used language in the world. It’s important for us to study English well.
2. Studying abroad is an excellent way for students to learn about themselves and the world in which they live.
3. Americans spend a lot of money in their daily lives. Working people spend money on transportation to and from work, and on various expenses throughout the day.
4. The fact that a good teacher has some of the qualities of a good actor doesn’t mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage.
5. A long time ago there lived a rich and powerful king. He was known everywhere for the splendors of his court, the magnificence of his palaces, the strength of his army, and the wealth of his treasury.
朗读下面的句子，注意划线部分的发音。(下划线部分是弱读部分)
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1. 爆破音有／p／ ／b／ ／t／ ／d／／k／ ／g／
例： practise ／'pr kt s／
good time ／'g d'ta m／
keep quiet ／ki p'kwa t／
September ／sep'temb (r)／
lap top ／'l pt p／
good girl ／'g d'g l]／
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四 失去爆破和不完全爆破
2. 破擦音有／ts／ ／dz／ ／tr／ ／dr／ ／t ／
／d ／
摩擦音有／f／ ／v／ ／θ／ ／ ／ ／s／ ／z／
／ ／ ／ ／ ／r／ ／h／
例： advice ／ d'va s/
picture ／'p kt (r)／
the first thing ／ 'f st θ ／
friendship ／'frend p／
object ／' bd kt／
cold drink ／k ld dr k／
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3. 鼻辅音有／m／／n／／ ／
边辅音有／l／
例： midnight ／'m dna t／
last night ／lɑ st na t／
department ／d 'pɑ:tm nt／
at noon ／ t n ( )n／
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4.常见读音错误：辅音丛中加入元音
（1） 如将 please /'pli z/读成/'p li z/、strict /str kt/读成/str k t/、complete /k mpli t/读成 /k m'p li t/、grow /ɡr /读成 /ɡ r /等。
（2） 如将excitement 读成/ k'sa t m nt/、admit读成/ d 'm t/、sudden读成/'s d n/以及button读成 /'b t n/。
The twenty-first lesson is quite difficult in terms of words and grammar.
Don’t make any sudden moves around the animals in case they attack you.
We are trying to grow roses which I like very much in our garden in front of our house this year.
Please write them down carefully in the space because they are of great importance for us to find the purse you lost.
The experts say that it is wrong to think children are “too young” or “not ready” to learn certain content at certain ages.
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朗读下面的句子，注意划线部分的发音。(共2张PPT)
重读音节重而慢，非重读音节快而弱；
非重读音节越多，读得越快；
轻重相间成节奏。
例：Both my brother and I/are fond of tennis.
Mary and her friend/had a big quarrel.
Last night,/I asked him/to play cards with me,/but he didn’t come.
If you had the choice/of all the places/in the world,/where would you choose/to spend our wedding anniversary
九节奏
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1. Last night, / I asked him/ to play cards with me, / but he didn’t come.
2. Popular music in America/ is what every student likes. /Students carry small radios/ and listen to music /before class,/ after class/ and at lunch.
3. Experts eventually decided to investigate/ because people’s descriptions of the puma/ had a lot in common.
4. Much to the aristocrat’s amusement,/ the jailer returned a few moments later/ with a pair of glasses/ and the usual copy of the letter/ which he proceeded to read to the prisoner.
5. Editors of newspapers and magazines/ often go to extremes/ to provide their readers/ with unimportant facts and statistics.
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朗读下面的句子，注意句子的重音和节奏。(下划线部分是重读部分，“/”表示节奏群的划分)
