人教版（2019）高中英语必修第一册Unit 1 Teenage Life知识讲义与练习
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）高中英语必修第一册Unit 1 Teenage Life知识讲义与练习 |  | |
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Unit 1 Teenage life
The Freshman Challenge
知识导航：
掌握宾语从句中虚拟语气的结构和用法;
知识精讲：
Reading and thinking
Basic question: What courses did the school adviser recommend Adam to take?
参考答案：
His adviser recommended that he should sign up for advanced literature.
Further discussion:
What’s your favorite subject? If you are required to choose the subjects, what courses will you take? Why？
参考答案：
1. I like English best. I want to travel around the world in the future and English is kind of necessary. Besides English, I will choose Chinese, history and PE.
2. My favourite subject is physics because I believe Steven Hawking is the hero throughout human history. My father recommended that I choose maths. He said I should learn maths well enough if I want to be good at physics. So I think I will choose physics, maths, Chinese and chemistry.
3. I prefer Chinese for I enjoy reading Chinese poems very much. My elder brother recommended that I choose Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and biology because I want to get high marks in the entrance examination.
原文：
My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature.
核心考点：
表示“建议、命令、要求”这类意念动词，态度动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。谓语动词用动词原形或“should+动词原形”。
常见动词：suggest, recommend, advise; require, request, insist; order, command, urge, desire等词。
句子结构：Sb. + V+(that) sb. (should) do sth./sth. (should) be done
例句：
They suggested he (should) finish the project as soon as possible.
他们建议他尽早完成这个项目。
She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.
她坚持要预定座位。
典例精析：
1. The law requires that everyone _________ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has B. had C. have D. will have
答案：C
解析：谓语动词是require（要求），所以宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，应该选have。should have也可以。此题不要看到从句中主语为everyone，就选has，这是迷惑项。
2. He insisted that he __________ not ill, but the doctor insisted that he __________ the medicine.
A. is; take B. was; took C. was; should take D. is; take
答案：C
解析：insist表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”，从句所指的通常是已经发生的事或已存在的状态，谓语一般用陈述语气，引导词 that 可省略。insist当表示“坚持要”“一定要”，从句所指的一般是尚未实现的事实，此时谓语通常用虚拟语气（即should+动词原形），而且引导词that 一般不省略。本句句意为“他坚持说自己没病，但是医生一定要他吃药”。前半句指的是已存在的状态，后半句只的是尚未实现的事实，所以本题选择C。
3. My father did not go to New York; the boss made a suggestion that he ____________ there.
A. not went B. won’t go C. not go D. not to go
答案：C
解析：此题考查的是具有“建立、命令、要求”含义的词汇不仅局限于动词的宾语从句中，如本题中名词后的同位语从句，或是表语从句如My suggestion is that…；主语从句如It’s suggested that…从句中都应用虚拟语气。故选C。
同步练习：
（答题时间：40分钟）
一、阅读理解
Some educators told us that more years of school could help students get higher scores on intelligence tests. That was a finding of a study of teenage males in some countries. Now, another research shows that physical activity may help students do better in their classes.
The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical education. They are using the time instead for academic （学术的） subjects like math and reading. The studies appeared -between 2008 and 2014. They included more than 55，000 children, aged 6 to 18.
Amika Singh: “According to the results of our study, we can conclude that being physically active is beneficial for academic performance. There are, first, physiological explanations, like more blood flow, and so more oxygen to the brain. Being physically active means there are more hormones （荷尔蒙） produced like endorphins （内啡肽）. And endorphins make your stress level lower and your mood improved, which means you also perform better.”
Also, students taking part in organized sports learn rules and how to follow them. This could improve their classroom behavior and help them keep their mind on their work.
The study leaves some questions unanswered, however. Ms Stash says it is not possible to say whether the amount or kind of activity affected the level of academic improvement. This is because of differences among the studies.
The researchers said they found only two high-quality studies. They needed more high-quality studies to confirm （证实） their findings. They also pointed out that “results for other parts of the world may be quite different”.
Still, the general finding was that physically active kids are more likely to do better in school. Ms Singh says schools should consider that finding before they cut physical education programs. Her paper on “Physical Activity and Performance at School” is published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine.
1. The passage mainly tells us that __________.
A. a research on physical education has been done by the researchers
B. there is a possibility that physical activity leads to higher grades
C. the amount or kind of activity directly affects academic level
D. the research shows that the children aged 6 to 18 don’t do sports
*2. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Being mentally active is good for academic subjects.
B. The more hormones you have, the more stressed you will get.
C. The researchers have found many high-quality studies to prove the research.
D. The educators in some countries think studies, not exercise, mean much to students.
3. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 probably means __________.
A. good marks result from high-quality study
B. findings are probably different in different areas
C. physical activity will spread all over the world
D. academic performance depends on the surroundings
4. What’s the purpose of writing the passage?
A. To call our attention to the sports at school.
B. To introduce all types of physical activities.
C. To represent the academic performance.
D. To improve students’ health.
二、语法填空
It is interesting 1__________ （look） at differences between schools in different countries. In many European countries, for example, the relationship between teachers and students 2__________ （be） quite formal. This is true of France, Germany, and Spain, where discipline and respect for the teacher is considered very important. The same is true *3__________ Russia. In 4__________ （north） European countries, however, the relationship between teachers and students is much *5__________ （friendly） and more relaxed. In America, students and teachers are quite relaxed with each other. In Britain, relationships are quite relaxed, but teachers can have big problems with discipline.
Another important difference is whether schools are state schools 6__________ private schools. State schools *7__________ （pay） for by the government, but in private schools, the parents pay for education of their children. Germany and France have both state and private schools, but most students go to state schools，8__________ are very good. 9__________ （similar）, America has both state and private schools. Most American children go to state schools, but the private schools can be very good and 10__________ （go） to private schools is very expensive.
三、写作
假设你是李华，你的英国网友Linda最近在中国学习。她写信向你诉说了她的困扰：不适应新的生活、学习环境，想家，感到很焦虑。请你根据以下要点给她写一封回信。
要点如下：
1. 表示理解并给予安慰；
2. 提出建议并给出理由。
注意：词数100左右。
答案：
一、
【文章大意】本文讲的是体育锻炼能提高学习成绩吗？
1. B 主旨大意题。根据第一段讲述了关于上学时间更长能够帮助学生在智力测验中得到更高分数的一项发现，现在另一项研究表明，体育锻炼可能帮助学生在功课上做得更好，所以选B项。
2. D 推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical education. They are using the time instead for academic subjects like math and reading 即可判断出有些国家的教育工作者认为学习和体育活动更重要。
3. B 句意理解题。根据第六段提到The researchers said they found only two high-quality studies. They needed more high-quality studies to confirm their findings. They also pointed out that “results for other parts of the world may be quite different.研究人员表示，他们只发现两项高质量研究。他们需要更多高质量研究以确认他们的发现。他们还指出，“世界上其他地区的结果可能大不一样”，所以选B项。
4. A 目的意图题。根据最后一段提到Still, the general finding was that physically active kids are more likely to do better in school. Ms Singh says schools should consider that finding before they cut physical education programs. 尽管如此，总的结论是，喜欢运动的孩子更容易在学校表现更好。辛格女士说，学校应该在削减体育课之前，考虑一下这一研究发现，所以选A项。
二、
［语篇解读］文章谈论了不同国家学校之间的差异。
1. to look 考查不定式。it是形式主语，动词不定式to look at...作真正主语。
2. is 考查系动词。主语是the relationship，结合上下文，用一般现在时，故填is。
3. of/in 考查介词。be true of/in意为“符合于，对……适用”。俄罗斯也是一样。
4. northern 考查形容词。用形容词northern修饰后面的名词短语 European countries。
5. friendlier 考查形容词比较级。由much和more relaxed可知要填比较级，这里表示“更友好的，更放松的”。
6. or 考查连词。whether...or...表示两者择其一。
7. are paid 考查被动语态。由by the government可知填被动语态。句意：公立学校由政府付钱。
8. which 考查定语从句引导词。which引导非限制性定语从句, which 指代前面的 state schools。
9. Similarly 考查副词。similarly同样地，类似于。这里是副词修饰整个句子。
10. going 考查动名词。动名词作主语。
三、
Dear Linda，
I’m sorry to learn that you are having such a bad time.
Here are some tips for you. First, you’d better try to change some of your habits to get used to the new environment as soon as possible. Second, make more new friends. You will feel less homesick with many friends around you. Third, you should take part in some social activities. It will help you learn more about the local customs and cultures.
I hope my advice will be useful.
Yours，
Li Hua
The Freshman Challenge
知识导航：
掌握宾语从句中虚拟语气的结构和用法;
知识精讲：
Reading and thinking
Basic question: What courses did the school adviser recommend Adam to take?
参考答案：
His adviser recommended that he should sign up for advanced literature.
Further discussion:
What’s your favorite subject? If you are required to choose the subjects, what courses will you take? Why？
参考答案：
1. I like English best. I want to travel around the world in the future and English is kind of necessary. Besides English, I will choose Chinese, history and PE.
2. My favourite subject is physics because I believe Steven Hawking is the hero throughout human history. My father recommended that I choose maths. He said I should learn maths well enough if I want to be good at physics. So I think I will choose physics, maths, Chinese and chemistry.
3. I prefer Chinese for I enjoy reading Chinese poems very much. My elder brother recommended that I choose Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and biology because I want to get high marks in the entrance examination.
原文：
My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature.
核心考点：
表示“建议、命令、要求”这类意念动词，态度动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。谓语动词用动词原形或“should+动词原形”。
常见动词：suggest, recommend, advise; require, request, insist; order, command, urge, desire等词。
句子结构：Sb. + V+(that) sb. (should) do sth./sth. (should) be done
例句：
They suggested he (should) finish the project as soon as possible.
他们建议他尽早完成这个项目。
She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.
她坚持要预定座位。
典例精析：
1. The law requires that everyone _________ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has B. had C. have D. will have
答案：C
解析：谓语动词是require（要求），所以宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，应该选have。should have也可以。此题不要看到从句中主语为everyone，就选has，这是迷惑项。
2. He insisted that he __________ not ill, but the doctor insisted that he __________ the medicine.
A. is; take B. was; took C. was; should take D. is; take
答案：C
解析：insist表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”，从句所指的通常是已经发生的事或已存在的状态，谓语一般用陈述语气，引导词 that 可省略。insist当表示“坚持要”“一定要”，从句所指的一般是尚未实现的事实，此时谓语通常用虚拟语气（即should+动词原形），而且引导词that 一般不省略。本句句意为“他坚持说自己没病，但是医生一定要他吃药”。前半句指的是已存在的状态，后半句只的是尚未实现的事实，所以本题选择C。
3. My father did not go to New York; the boss made a suggestion that he ____________ there.
A. not went B. won’t go C. not go D. not to go
答案：C
解析：此题考查的是具有“建立、命令、要求”含义的词汇不仅局限于动词的宾语从句中，如本题中名词后的同位语从句，或是表语从句如My suggestion is that…；主语从句如It’s suggested that…从句中都应用虚拟语气。故选C。
同步练习：
（答题时间：40分钟）
一、阅读理解
Some educators told us that more years of school could help students get higher scores on intelligence tests. That was a finding of a study of teenage males in some countries. Now, another research shows that physical activity may help students do better in their classes.
The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical education. They are using the time instead for academic （学术的） subjects like math and reading. The studies appeared -between 2008 and 2014. They included more than 55，000 children, aged 6 to 18.
Amika Singh: “According to the results of our study, we can conclude that being physically active is beneficial for academic performance. There are, first, physiological explanations, like more blood flow, and so more oxygen to the brain. Being physically active means there are more hormones （荷尔蒙） produced like endorphins （内啡肽）. And endorphins make your stress level lower and your mood improved, which means you also perform better.”
Also, students taking part in organized sports learn rules and how to follow them. This could improve their classroom behavior and help them keep their mind on their work.
The study leaves some questions unanswered, however. Ms Stash says it is not possible to say whether the amount or kind of activity affected the level of academic improvement. This is because of differences among the studies.
The researchers said they found only two high-quality studies. They needed more high-quality studies to confirm （证实） their findings. They also pointed out that “results for other parts of the world may be quite different”.
Still, the general finding was that physically active kids are more likely to do better in school. Ms Singh says schools should consider that finding before they cut physical education programs. Her paper on “Physical Activity and Performance at School” is published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine.
1. The passage mainly tells us that __________.
A. a research on physical education has been done by the researchers
B. there is a possibility that physical activity leads to higher grades
C. the amount or kind of activity directly affects academic level
D. the research shows that the children aged 6 to 18 don’t do sports
*2. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Being mentally active is good for academic subjects.
B. The more hormones you have, the more stressed you will get.
C. The researchers have found many high-quality studies to prove the research.
D. The educators in some countries think studies, not exercise, mean much to students.
3. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 probably means __________.
A. good marks result from high-quality study
B. findings are probably different in different areas
C. physical activity will spread all over the world
D. academic performance depends on the surroundings
4. What’s the purpose of writing the passage?
A. To call our attention to the sports at school.
B. To introduce all types of physical activities.
C. To represent the academic performance.
D. To improve students’ health.
二、语法填空
It is interesting 1__________ （look） at differences between schools in different countries. In many European countries, for example, the relationship between teachers and students 2__________ （be） quite formal. This is true of France, Germany, and Spain, where discipline and respect for the teacher is considered very important. The same is true *3__________ Russia. In 4__________ （north） European countries, however, the relationship between teachers and students is much *5__________ （friendly） and more relaxed. In America, students and teachers are quite relaxed with each other. In Britain, relationships are quite relaxed, but teachers can have big problems with discipline.
Another important difference is whether schools are state schools 6__________ private schools. State schools *7__________ （pay） for by the government, but in private schools, the parents pay for education of their children. Germany and France have both state and private schools, but most students go to state schools，8__________ are very good. 9__________ （similar）, America has both state and private schools. Most American children go to state schools, but the private schools can be very good and 10__________ （go） to private schools is very expensive.
三、写作
假设你是李华，你的英国网友Linda最近在中国学习。她写信向你诉说了她的困扰：不适应新的生活、学习环境，想家，感到很焦虑。请你根据以下要点给她写一封回信。
要点如下：
1. 表示理解并给予安慰；
2. 提出建议并给出理由。
注意：词数100左右。
答案：
一、
【文章大意】本文讲的是体育锻炼能提高学习成绩吗？
1. B 主旨大意题。根据第一段讲述了关于上学时间更长能够帮助学生在智力测验中得到更高分数的一项发现，现在另一项研究表明，体育锻炼可能帮助学生在功课上做得更好，所以选B项。
2. D 推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical education. They are using the time instead for academic subjects like math and reading 即可判断出有些国家的教育工作者认为学习和体育活动更重要。
3. B 句意理解题。根据第六段提到The researchers said they found only two high-quality studies. They needed more high-quality studies to confirm their findings. They also pointed out that “results for other parts of the world may be quite different.研究人员表示，他们只发现两项高质量研究。他们需要更多高质量研究以确认他们的发现。他们还指出，“世界上其他地区的结果可能大不一样”，所以选B项。
4. A 目的意图题。根据最后一段提到Still, the general finding was that physically active kids are more likely to do better in school. Ms Singh says schools should consider that finding before they cut physical education programs. 尽管如此，总的结论是，喜欢运动的孩子更容易在学校表现更好。辛格女士说，学校应该在削减体育课之前，考虑一下这一研究发现，所以选A项。
二、
［语篇解读］文章谈论了不同国家学校之间的差异。
1. to look 考查不定式。it是形式主语，动词不定式to look at...作真正主语。
2. is 考查系动词。主语是the relationship，结合上下文，用一般现在时，故填is。
3. of/in 考查介词。be true of/in意为“符合于，对……适用”。俄罗斯也是一样。
4. northern 考查形容词。用形容词northern修饰后面的名词短语 European countries。
5. friendlier 考查形容词比较级。由much和more relaxed可知要填比较级，这里表示“更友好的，更放松的”。
6. or 考查连词。whether...or...表示两者择其一。
7. are paid 考查被动语态。由by the government可知填被动语态。句意：公立学校由政府付钱。
8. which 考查定语从句引导词。which引导非限制性定语从句, which 指代前面的 state schools。
9. Similarly 考查副词。similarly同样地，类似于。这里是副词修饰整个句子。
10. going 考查动名词。动名词作主语。
三、
Dear Linda，
I’m sorry to learn that you are having such a bad time.
Here are some tips for you. First, you’d better try to change some of your habits to get used to the new environment as soon as possible. Second, make more new friends. You will feel less homesick with many friends around you. Third, you should take part in some social activities. It will help you learn more about the local customs and cultures.
I hope my advice will be useful.
Yours，
Li Hua