(共167张PPT)
Unit
1
Getting
along
with
others
【文章导语】生活中我们每个人都需要朋友,多一个朋友多一条路。那么我们应该如何交朋友?
We
all
long
for
friendship,but
how
to
make
friends?“The
best
time
to
make
friends
is
before
you
need
one.”
Joy
Steven
said.The
following
are
some
tips
for
you.
People
equal
friends
Friends
usually
begin
with
strangers.Getting
in
touch
with
other
people
is
the
first
step
to
making
friends.Friends
can’t
be
made
in
empty
air.Best
friends
take
time
to
make.
Friends
understand
friends
Friends
understand
each
other
when
talking.Many
unpleasant
personal
quarrels
can
be
avoided1
if
you
take
the
time
to
understand
others’
feelings
and
points
of
view.
Friends
touch
friends
Touching
is
a
warm
form
of
communication2
between
friends.When
you
see
best
friends
communicating,you
will
notice
them
stand
close
together,touch
each
other
comfortably3
and
listen
to
each
other.Sometimes
a
friendly
touch
is
more
powerful
than
words.
Friends
praise
friends
Praise
is
a
powerful
tool
to
make
friends.Honest
praise
can
affect4
your
friends’
lives.So
try
to
praise
your
friends,including
your
general5
ones.
Friends
can
be
loyal6
and
trustworthy7
Trust
and
loyalty
go
hand
in
hand
for
friends.Friends
can
share
secrets
with
you,because
good
friends
never
break
their
promise
and
are
loyal
forever.
美文翻译
我们都渴望友谊,但如何交朋友?乔伊·史蒂文说:“交朋友最好是在你需要之前去交。”下面为你提供一些建议。
人们就是朋友
朋友通常从陌生人开始。和其他人取得联系是交朋友的第一步。朋友不是凭空交往出来的。交好朋友是需要花时间的。
朋友理解朋友
在一起交谈时朋友能相互理解。如果你花时间去理解别人的感受和观点,很多不愉快的个人争吵都可避免。
朋友接触朋友
接触是朋友之间一种温馨的交流方式。当你看到好朋友们在交流时,你会注意到他们靠得很近,舒服地彼此接触,相互倾听。有时候友好的接触比语言更给力。
朋友称赞朋友
称赞是交朋友强有力的工具。真诚的称赞能影响你朋友的生活。因此,尽量去称赞你的朋友,包括一般的朋友。
朋友是忠诚的和可信赖的
对朋友来说,信任和忠诚相伴而生。朋友可以和你分享秘密,因为好朋友从不失信,永远忠诚。
词海拾贝
1.avoid
[??v?Id]
vt.避免;避开,躲避
2.communication
[k??mju?nI?keI?n]
n.交流;沟通
3.comfortably
[?k?mft?bli]
adv.舒服地;安乐地
4.affect
[??fekt]
vt.影响;感染;感动
5.general
[?d?enr?l]
adj.一般的,普通的;综合的;大体的
6.loyal
[?l?I?l]
adj.忠诚的;忠贞的
7.trustworthy
[?tr?stw???i]
adj.值得信任的;可靠的
难句剖析
1.Getting
in
touch
with
other
people
is
the
first
step
to
making
friends.和其他人取得联系是交朋友的第一步。
本句是Getting
in
touch
with
other
people动词-ing形式短语做主语。动词-ing形式或动词-ing形式短语做主语时,谓语动词应用单数形式。
2.Friends
understand
each
other
when
talking.在一起交谈时朋友能相互理解。
本句中when
talking为时间状语从句的省略形式,还原后该句应为Friends
understand
each
other
when
they
are
talking.状语从句的省略应具备两个条件,即前后主从句的主语要保持一致,且从句中的谓语部分应包含be动词。
理解诱思
1.From
Joy
Steven’s
words,we
can
conclude
that
.?
A.a
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed
B.it
is
never
too
late
to
make
friends
C.it
is
late
to
make
friends
when
you
need
one
D.everyone
needs
a
friend
in
his
life
2.The
passage
mainly
tells
us
.?
A.how
to
communicate
with
a
friend
B.how
to
develop
friendship
C.when
to
make
friends
D.how
to
praise
a
friend
答案:B
答案:C
Section
Ⅰ Welcome
to
the
unit
&
Reading
Pre-reading?
While-reading
Post-reading
一、写作词汇
语境考查:预习Reading部分的词汇,完成下列小对话或语段。
1.—Why
did
you
(假装)
not
to
see
me
just
now??
—Sorry,I
was
thinking
about
something.
2.—Did
you
have
a
(愉快的)
weekend??
—Yes.We
had
a
good
time.
3.—Can
you
(原谅)
me
for
forgetting
your
birthday??
—Don’t
mention
it.I
will
never
keep
it
in
my
mind.
4.—As
a
student,he
should
?(聚焦)
his
attention
on
what
his
teacher
is
teaching
during
class.?
—I
can’t
agree
more.
pretend
cheerful
forgive
focus
Pre-reading?
While-reading
Post-reading
5.Tom
and
I
are
good
friends,but
we
often
get
into
?(糟糕的)
arguments
about
some
math
problems.We
even
hurt
each
other
with
some
(伤人的话语),which
lead
to
not
speaking
to
each
other
for
several
days.It
is
really
(令人尴尬的).When
we
are
in
this
situation,I
often
(道歉)
to
him
first
for
my
bad
?(举止).?
horrible
cruel
remarks
awkward
apologize
manners
Pre-reading?
While-reading
Post-reading
二、阅读词汇
预习Reading部分的词汇,完成下列小短文。写出画线部分的汉语意思。
I
feel
betrayed
1.
by
my
best
friend
Mary.Tom
and
I
have
been
in
love
with
each
other
for
five
years.Unluckily
2. ,he
said
goodbye
to
me,which
made
me
upset.I
told
it
to
Mary,and
begged
3.
her
not
to
tell
the
secret
to
others.I
pretended
4.
to
be
cheerful
before
our
classmates.But
after
two
days
I
sensed
5.
some
of
them
were
laughing
at
me
behind
my
back.So
I
asked
Mary
about
it.She
admitted
6.
that
she
didn’t
keep
her
words
7. .She
felt
guilty
8.
and
apologized
9.
to
me
and
swore
10.
not
to
do
it
like
that
forever.?
背叛
不幸地
请求,恳求
假装
觉察出
承认
信守诺言
内疚的
道歉
发誓
Pre-reading?
While-reading
Post-reading
三、阅读课文“Secrets
and
lies”,选择正确答案。
1.How
does
the
writer
of
the
letter
feel?
A.She
feels
glad.
B.She
feels
sad.
C.She
feels
worried.
D.She
feels
puzzled.
2.What
grade
did
Sarah
get
on
the
math
quiz?
A.A
full
mark. B.An
A.
C.A
D.
D.A
good
grade.
答案:B
答案:C
Pre-reading?
While-reading
Post-reading
3.What
did
Sarah
think
about
the
math
quiz?
A.Quite
easy.
B.Very
difficult.
C.Ordinary.
D.Boring.
4.What
did
Sarah
tell
Hannah
in
the
girls’
washroom?
A.She
told
Hannah
how
badly
she
had
done
on
the
math
quiz.
B.She
told
Hannah
she
had
sensed
something
was
wrong.
C.She
told
Hannah
she
noticed
some
classmates
were
staring
at
her.
D.She
told
Hannah
she
didn’t
keep
her
words.
答案:A
答案:A
Pre-reading?
While-reading
Post-reading
5.Why
did
Sarah
tell
Hannah
that
they
weren’t
going
to
be
friends
any
more?
A.Because
she
thought
Hannah
betrayed
her.
B.Because
Hannah
blamed
her.
C.Because
Hannah
laughed
at
her.
D.Because
she
didn’t
pass
the
quiz
because
of
Hannah.
答案:A
Pre-reading?
While-reading
Post-reading
四、下面是课文“A
friendship
in
trouble”原文的浓缩,仔细阅读并根据课文内容将其补充完整。
The
17-year-old
boy
Andrew
and
his
best
friend
Matthew
play
together
in
the
school
football
team.But
now
Andrew
has
a
1.
?.Recently
they
have
stopped
talking
to
each
other.Last
week
they
had
an
important
match
2. ?
another
school.The
other
team
was
3. .As
a
result,they
4.
?
the
match.Andrew
told
Matthew
that
he
was
not
trying
hard
enough
and
he
couldn’t
keep
5.
?
with
the
game.Matthew
got
really
angry
with
him.He
insisted
that
it
was
not
his
6. ?.Then
they
started
shouting
at
each
other
and
they
even
said
some
really
7.
remarks.Since
then
Matthew
hasn’t
spoken
to
dilemma/problem
against
superb
lost
pace
fault
cruel
Pre-reading?
While-reading
Post-reading
Andrew
even
though
they
sit
next
to
each
other
in
class.Andrew
thinks
that
it
is
really
an
8. ?
situation,so
he
decides
to
write
a
letter
to
Annie
to
get
help.?
awkward
1
I
feel
betrayed
by
my
friend
Hannah.(Page
2)
我感觉被我的朋友汉娜出卖了。
★考点:betray
vt.出卖,背叛
①He
would
die
rather
than
betray
his
country
to
his
enemy.
他宁愿死也不向他的敌人出卖自己的国家。
②As
a
party
member,he
promised
never
to
betray
the
party
organization.
作为一名党员,他发誓永远不背叛党组织。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体单词的词性及含义
③She
had
betrayed
her
parents’
expectations.
她辜负了她父母的期望。
词性: 含义: ?
④He
was
arrested
for
betraying
state
secrets.
他因泄露国家机密而被捕。
词性: 含义: ?
动词
辜负
动词
泄露
The
young
man
betrayed
his
wife,his
friends,his
parents’
trust
and
his
own
belief.He
was
given
up
by
all
in
the
end
and
achieved
nothing.
这个年轻人背叛了他的妻子,出卖了他的朋友,辜负了父母的信任,背弃了自己的信仰,最终他被所有人抛弃,一事无成。
betray
oneself露马脚
betray
one’s
belief/principles/ideals
背弃自己的信仰/原则/理想
betrayal
n.背叛;辜负;泄露
betrayer
n.叛徒;背信者;告密者
2
Afterwards,I
pretended
to
be
cheerful,but
Hannah
sensed
something
was
wrong.(Page
2)
后来,我假装很开心,但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对劲。
★考点一:pretend
vi.
&
vt.假装;装扮,扮作
①【高考典句】(2020全国Ⅰ)While
football
has
never
been
something
I
am
particularly
interested
in,for
years,I’ve
had
to
pretend
excitement
and
pick
a
team
to
support.
虽然足球从来不是我特别感兴趣的事情,但多年来,我不得不假装兴奋,挑选一支球队来支持。
②Let’s
pretend
that
we
are
police
to
frighten
the
people
there.
让我们装扮成警察来吓唬一下那边的人们。
③The
girl
will
pretend
to
be
a
servant
in
the
new
film.
这女孩将要在这部新影片中装扮成一个仆人。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳pretend的用法
④The
boy
pretended
to
be
doing
his
homework
when
his
teacher
entered.
当老师进来时,那个男孩假装在做作业。
归纳:pretend
to
be
doing
含义: ?
不定式(时态): ?
⑤I
pretend
to
have
done
the
thing.
我假装做了那件事。
归纳:pretend
to
have
done
含义: ?
不定式(时态): ?
假装在做某事
进行时
假装已做了某事
完成时
⑥When
he
went
out
of
the
manager’s
office,he
pretended
to
have
been
scolded.
当他走出经理的办公室时,他假装受到了批评。
归纳:pretend
to
have
been
done
含义: ?
不定式(时态、语态): ?
⑦He
pretended
that
he
was
innocent.
他假装无辜。
归纳:pretend
that... 含义: ?
从句(类型): ?
假装已被……
完成时的被动语态
假装……
宾语从句
pretend
to
do
sth.假装做某事
pretend
to
be
doing
sth.假装在做某事
pretend
to
have
done
sth.假装已经做了某事
pretend
to
be+adj./n.假装是……
pretend
that...假装……
★考点二:cheerful
adj.愉快的,高兴的;令人愉快的
⑨The
captain’s
cheerful
laugh
got
rid
of
our
fears.
船长愉快的笑声消除了我们的恐惧。
⑩She
hid
her
sufferings
with
a
cheerful
smile.
她用高兴的笑容掩盖了她的痛苦。
考点延伸?
1)阅读下列句子,归纳cheer短语的用法
11
He
was
in
low
spirits,so
she
tried
to
cheer
him
up.
他情绪低落,所以她努力让他高兴起来。
短语: ?
含义: ?
12
The
audience
were
cheering
the
runners
on
so
that
they
could
run
faster.
观众为参加赛跑的选手们加油以便让他们跑得更快些。
短语: 含义: ?
cheer
up
使高兴(快乐)
cheer
on
为……加油
2)阅读下列句子,指出黑体单词的词性及含义
13
The
crowd
cheered
widely
at
the
sight
of
Liu
Ming.
看到刘明后,人群热烈欢呼起来。
词性: 含义: ?
14
Christmas
should
be
a
time
of
great
cheer.
圣诞节应该是欢乐的时刻。
词性: 含义: ?
动词
欢呼
名词
快乐,欢乐
She
used
to
be
a
cheerful
girl,but
now
she
is
in
low
spirits.In
order
to
cheer
her
up,we
held
an
evening
party
to
cheer
her
on,and
soon
an
expression
of
cheer
appeared
on
her
face.
她过去是个开朗的女孩,但是现在情绪低落。为了让她高兴起来,我们举办了个晚会来给她加油,很快她脸上流露出了愉快的表情。
3
We
went
to
wash
our
hands
in
the
girls’
washroom
before
lunch
and
I
admitted
how
badly
I
had
done.(Page
2)
午饭前我们到女洗手间洗手时,我承认我考得非常糟糕。
★考点:admit
vt.&
vi.承认;允许进入,接纳
①【高考典句】(2020全国Ⅱ)Designer
Jennifer
Anderson
admits
it
took
her
a
while
to
come
around
to
the
opinion
that
using
nutria
fur
for
her
creations
is
morally
acceptable.
设计师詹妮弗·安德森承认,她花了一段时间才意识到,用海狸鼠毛皮制作自己的作品在道德上是可以接受的。
②If
you
come
late,I
may
not
admit
you
into
the
classroom.
如果你迟到了,我可能不让你进教室。
③Only
those
who
reach
the
agreed
standard
can
be
admitted
as
the
members
of
the
club.
只有那些达到标准的人才能被接纳成为俱乐部会员。
④And
a
few
students
admitted
liking
the
girl.
有几个学生承认喜欢那个女孩。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳admit的用法
⑤Our
hall
admits
3,000
persons
for
a
meeting.
我们的礼堂可容纳三千人开会。
词性: 含义: ?
⑥The
matter
admits
of
no
delay.
这件事情不容拖延。
词性: 含义: ?
⑦Admission
is
at
normal
charges
and
you
don’t
need
to
book.
门票正常收费,你不需要订票。
词性: 含义: ?
及物动词
容纳
不及物动词
容许
名词
门票
admit
sth./doing
sth./having
done
sth.承认某事/承认做某事/承认做了某事
admit
sb./sth.to
be
+adj./n.承认……是……
admit
that...承认……
admit
sb.to/into...允许某人进入某处
be
admitted
as...作为……被接受
be
admitted
into被录取;被批准(入党、入团)
It
is
widely
admitted
that...公认……
4
I
was
so
upset
that
I
felt
like
crying.(Page
2)
我难过得想哭。
★考点:so
+
adj./adv.+
that
如此……以至于……
①I
haven’t
seen
Ann
for
so
long
that
I’ve
forgotten
what
she
looks
like.
我好久没见安了,都忘记了她的模样了。
②He
runs
so
fast
that
nobody
can
catch
up
with
him.
他跑得非常快,没人能追上他。
考点延伸?
③He
is
so
lovely
a
boy
that
we
all
love
him.=
He
is
such
a
lovely
boy
that
we
all
love
him.
他是一个如此可爱的男孩,我们都很喜欢他。
④He
has
so
many
shortcomings
that
nobody
likes
to
play
with
him.
他有如此多的缺点,没有人愿意和他一起玩。
⑤He
made
such
rapid
progress
in
English
that
he
was
praised
by
his
teacher.
他在英语方面取得了如此迅速的进步,受到了老师的表扬。
⑥So
excited
was
he
that
he
could
not
speak.
他如此激动,连话都说不出来了。
温馨提示:为了强调,so和such以及所修饰的内容位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装语序。此时so/such...that...引导的必须是结果状语从句。
⑦She
is
such
an
intelligent
girl
as
can
solve
the
problem.(定语从句)
她是一个能解出这道题的聪明女孩。
⑧She
is
such
an
intelligent
girl
that
she
can
solve
the
problem.(状语从句)
她是一个如此聪明的女孩,她能解出这道题来。
温馨提示:so/such...that...引导结果状语从句和so/such...as...引导的定语从句的区别:在结果状语从句中,that只起引导作用,不做成分,而在so/such...as...引导的定语从句中,as是关系代词,在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。
so+adj./adv.+that...
so+adj.+a(n)+n.+that...
so+many/few+复数名词+that...
so+much/little+不可数名词+that...
such+a(n)+adj.+n.+that...
such+adj.+不可数名词+that...
such+adj.+名词复数+that...
5
I
thought
that
Hannah
must
have
told
my
classmates
about
my
grade
after
promising
not
to.(Page
2)
我想一定是汉娜在承诺了不把我的成绩告诉我的同学们后这样做了。
★考点:must
have
done
一定做了某事(表示对过去已发生事情的肯定推测)
①Harry
is
feeling
uncomfortable.He
must
have
drunk
too
much
at
the
party
last
night.
哈里感觉不舒服。在昨晚的聚会上他肯定喝得不少。
②Since
nobody
gave
him
any
help,he
must
have
done
the
research
on
his
own.
由于没有人帮助他,他一定是一个人做的那个调查。
与
must
have
done用法类似的还有:
ought
to/should
have
done(过去)本应该做某事
oughtn’t
to/shouldn’t
have
done(过去)本不应该做某事
could
have
done
sth.本来能够做某事,而实际上未做
can’t/couldn’t
have
done
sth.不可能做过某事
may/might
have
done
sth.可能已经做了某事/也许已经做了某事
needn’t
have
done
sth.本来不必做某事
6
I
was
so
angry
that
I
went
straight
to
Hannah
and
told
her
we
weren’t
going
to
be
friends
any
more
because
she
couldn’t
keep
her
word.(Page
2)
我怒不可遏,径直找到了汉娜,并且告诉她,我们俩以后再也不是朋友了,因为她不能信守诺言。
★考点:keep
one’s
word
信守诺言
①The
best
way
to
keep
one’s
word
is
not
to
give
it.
信守诺言的最好方法是不许诺言。
②Everyone
must
honor
his
contract
and
keep
his
word.
每个人都应当尊重合同,信守诺言。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳黑体短语的意思
③I
think
breaking
one’s
word
is
the
worst
matter
in
the
world.
我认为失信于他人是世界上最糟糕的事。
归纳:break
one’s
word 含义: ?
④If
you
often
eat
your
word,nobody
will
believe
you.
如果你常食言,没有人会相信你的。
归纳:eat
one’s
word 含义: ?
⑤He
can’t
keep
his
mind
on
his
study
with
so
loud
noise
around.
周围噪音如此大,他不能专心于他的学习。
归纳:keep
one’s
mind
含义: ?
失信
食言
集中精力
⑥You
should
keep
your
head
before
danger.
在危险面前你应该保持镇静。
归纳:keep
one’s
head
含义: ?
⑦You’d
better
stay
at
home
to
keep
your
mother’s
company.
你最好待在家里陪伴你妈妈。
归纳:keep
one’s
company 含义: ?
⑧You
must
learn
to
keep
your
balance
in
skating.
在溜冰时你得学会保持平衡。
归纳:keep
one’s
balance 含义: ?
保持镇静/冷静
陪伴某人
保持平衡
keep
one’s
word信守诺言
break
one’s
word失信
eat
one’s
word食言
keep
one’s
mind
集中精力
keep
one’s
head保持冷静
keep
one’s
company陪伴某人
keep
one’s
balance保持平衡
have
a
word
with
sb.与某人交谈
have
words
with
sb.与某人争吵
in
other
words换句话说
in
a
word总之;一句话
word
for
word逐字地
7
She
was
really
upset
and
swore
that
she
hadn’t
told
anyone.(Page
2)
她真的很难过,并发誓她没有告诉任何人。
★考点:swear
vt.&
vi.(swore,sworn)发誓;郑重承诺;咒骂,说脏话
①I
swear
I
will
faithfully
execute
my
office
and
my
motherland.
我发誓我将忠于职守,忠于祖国。
②She
swore
by
God
that
she
hadn’t
betrayed
me.
她对天发誓她没背叛我。
③He
could
hear
them
shouting
and
swearing
at
each
other.
他听到他们在大喊大叫,互相咒骂。
④Stop
swearing;it
is
a
bad
habit.
别说脏话,那是个坏习惯。
swear
by...向……发誓
swear
to
do
sth.发誓干某事
swear
at
sb.咒骂某人,诅咒某人
8
She
said
that
someone
must
have
been
spying
on
us
in
the
washroom,but
I
didn’t
believe
her
explanation.(Page
2)
她说一定有人一直在洗手间监视着我们,但是我不相信她的解释。
★考点一:have
been
doing一直在做……,现在完成时是指从过去某一时刻起一直持续到现在的某一动作或状态,还有可能一直持续下去。
①Marty
has
been
working
really
hard
on
his
book
and
thinks
he’ll
have
finished
by
Friday.
马蒂一直在很努力地写书,他认为到周五为止将写完。
②Since
the
time
humankind
started
gardening,we
have
been
trying
to
make
our
environment
more
beautiful.
自从人类开始园艺以来,我们一直尽力使我们的环境更加美丽。
★考点二:spy
on暗中监视,窥探
③Jean’s
always
spying
on
the
neighbours.
琼总是在暗中监视她的邻居。
④He
was
charged
with
spying
on
top-secret
naval
bases.
他被指控刺探绝密的海军基地的情报。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳spy所构成短语的意思
⑤The
detective
is
spying
out
the
truth
of
the
murder.
那侦探在暗中查明那起谋杀案的真相。
归纳:spy
out 含义: ?
暗中查明
spy
on
暗中监视,窥探
spy
out
暗中查明
9
I
don’t
think
I
can
ever
truly
forgive
her.(Page
2)
我认为我再也无法真正地原谅她了。
★考点一:I
don’t
think...我认为……不……
①I
don’t
think
it
will
rain
tomorrow.
我认为明天不会下雨。
考点延伸?
1)宾语从句的否定转移:
当think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect等动词后接的宾语从句为含有not的否定句时,该否定应移至主句,即否定主句的谓语动词。
②I
don’t
believe
he
can
translate
the
book.
我相信他不会翻译这本书。
2)涉及转移的词只是not,not以外的其他否定词,如no,never,hardly,seldom,few,little等不必转移。
③I
suppose
he
has
seldom
been
late
for
school.
我猜想他几乎没迟到过。
3)主句的谓语动词为一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在进行时或现在完成时等情况时,不必转移。
④He
thought
that
it
was
not
his
duty
to
help
Tom.
他认为帮助汤姆不是他的责任。
⑤Mary
is
thinking
the
room
is
not
hot
enough.
玛丽在想那房间还不够热。
4)主句的谓语动词与情态动词连用时不必转移。
⑥The
boss
must
think
I
am
not
fit
for
the
job.
老板一定认为我不适合这份工作。
★考点二:forgive
vt.
原谅,宽恕
⑦I
forgave
her
a
long
time
ago.
我早就原谅她了。
⑧I’ve
tried
to
forgive
him
for
what
he
said.
我试着原谅他所说的话。
forgive
me
请原谅;对不起
forgive
sb.for
(doing)
sth.
原谅某人(做了)某事
forgive
one’s
doing
sth.
原谅某人做了某事
forgive
and
forget
不念旧恶,不记仇
pardon
sb.for
doing
sth./excuse
sb.for
doing
sth.原谅某人做了某事
10
The
other
team
was
superb
and
we
really
had
to
focus.(Page
3)
另一支球队非常棒,我们确实需要集中精力。
★考点:focus
vi.
&
vt.
集中注意力于……;(使)聚焦
①When
everyone
else
in
the
class
was
focusing
on
tasks,I
could
not.
当教室里的每个人都把注意力集中在任务上时,而我却不能。
②A
near-sighted
person
cannot
focus
accurately
on
distant
objects.
一个近视的人不能够准确地将眼睛聚焦到远处的物体上。
考点延伸?
focus
n.焦点,重点
③The
focus
of
attention
has
changed
to
the
baby.
关注的焦点已转移到这个婴儿上。
④We
shall
maintain
our
focus
on
the
needs
of
the
customers.
我们将继续重点关注顾客的需求。
focus
on
(upon)集中于;聚焦于
focus
one’s
attention/efforts/mind/energy
on
把注意力/努力/心思/精力集中于……
in
focus
焦距正确;图像清晰
out
of
focus
不在焦距上;图像不清晰
bring/throw
sth.into
focus
使某事成为焦点,使某事受到关注
11
He
could
not
keep
pace
with
the
game,and
as
a
result
of
his
careless
playing
we
lost.(Page
3)
他跟不上节奏,正因为他不用心,我们输掉了比赛。
★考点一:keep
pace
with与……步调一致
①They
were
walking
so
fast
that
the
small
boy
could
hardly
keep
pace
with
them.
他们走得太快,那个小男孩几乎跟不上。
②We
have
to
keep
pace
with
new
development
in
technology
if
we
want
to
survive.
如果我们想生存下来,我们必须适应新技术的发展。
考点延伸?
1)pace
n.速度;步伐;节奏;vi.踱步,慢慢地走;vt.踱步于;用步子测
③The
work
progressed
at
a
slow
pace.
这项工作进展缓慢。
④He
got
up,and
began
to
pace
up
and
down
the
room.
他起身并开始在房间里踱来踱去。
⑤She
paced
the
floor,waiting
for
the
phone
to
ring.
她踱来踱去,等着电话铃响。
2)catch/keep
up
with赶上……
⑥We’ll
do
our
best
to
catch
up
with
the
advanced
world
level.
我们将努力赶上世界先进水平。
★考点二:as
a
result
of
由于;因为
⑦The
flight
was
delayed
as
a
result
of
fog.
因有雾该航班误点了。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体短语及含义
⑧My
friend
Tom
was
very
sick;as
a
result,he
could
neither
eat
nor
sleep.
我朋友汤姆感冒很严重,结果他既不能吃也睡不着觉。
词组: 含义: ?
⑨However,pollution
and
other
serious
problems
have
also
resulted
from
human
progress.
但是,人类的发展也引起了污染和其他严重的问题。
词组: ?
含义: ?
⑩His
hard
work
resulted
in
excellent
grades
in
his
exams.
他的努力使他在考试中取得了优异的成绩。
词组: 含义: ?
as
a
result
结果;因此
result
from
由……产生(造成)
result
in
导致
as
a
result
of
由于,因为
as
a
result
结果;因此
result
from
由……产生(造成)
result
in
导致
表示“因为,由于”的短语还有:
owing
to/because
of/thanks
to/due
to/on
account
of
with
the
result
that为此;因此
without
result毫无结果
12
I
feel
really
guilty
because
I
made
some
cruel
remarks
too,but
I
dislike
seeing
our
team
lose.(Page
3)
我感到很内疚,因为我也说了一些残酷无情的话,但我不喜欢看到我们队输球。
句子剖析:本句为but连接的并列复合句。在but前的分句中,because
引导原因状语从句;在but后的分句中,动词-ing形式短语“seeing
our
team
lose”做“dislike”的宾语,其中“lose”为省略to的动词不定式做宾语补足语。
★考点一:guilty
adj.内疚的;有罪的
①I
felt
guilty
after
breaking
my
promise.
我违背诺言后感到内疚。
②The
thief
asked
for
forgiveness
for
his
guilty
acts.
那小偷乞求宽恕他的罪行。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳guilty所构成短语的用法
③I
was
really
guilty
at/about/for
forgetting
her
birthday
again.
我又忘了她的生日,真的很内疚。
归纳:be/feel
guilty
at/about/for
含义: ?
④The
man
was
proved
guilty
of
murder.
那个男子被证实犯了谋杀罪。
归纳:be
guilty
of 含义:
?
⑤Sometimes
I
feel
guilty
doing
nothing
at
home.
有时我因在家里无所事事而感到内疚。
归纳:be/feel
guilty
doing...
含义: ?
对……感到内疚
有……过错;犯了……罪
干了……感到内疚
be/feel
guilty
at/about/for
对……感到内疚
be/feel
guilty
of
有……过错,犯了……罪
be/feel
guilty
doing...
干了……感到内疚
★考点二:cruel
adj.
伤人的;残酷的,残忍的
⑥He
was
criticized
for
his
cruel
acts.
他因行为残忍而受到了批评。
⑦We
shouldn’t
be
cruel
to
animals.
我们不应该对动物残忍。
⑧It
was
cruel
of
them
to
make
donkeys
carry
such
a
heavy
load.
他们让驴子驮那么重的东西,真是残忍。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性和含义
⑨Cruelty
to
animals
is
severely
punished
in
England.
在英国,虐待动物要受到严厉惩罚。
词性: 含义: ?
名词
残酷;残忍;残忍的行为
be
cruel
to
sb./sth.对……残酷(残忍)
be
kind
to
sb.对某人友善
It
is
cruel
(kind)
of
sb.to
do
sth.某人做某事是残忍的(友善的)
★考点三:remark
n.&
vi.
评论,谈论
⑩We
are
interested
to
hear
your
remarks
on
the
passage
we
have
just
read.
我们很想听听你对我们刚刚念过的这段文章的评论。
11
She
didn’t
make
a
remark
on
my
new
coat.
她对我的新外套没发表评论。
12
It
would
be
rude
to
remark
on/upon
other
people’s
appearance.
对他人的相貌评头论足是不礼貌的。
make
a
remark
on
就……发表意见,对……品头评足
pass
without
remark
置之不理,置若罔闻,默认
remark
on/upon
谈论,议论,评论
remarkable
adj.
卓越的,值得注意的
13
Football
is
very
important
to
me,but
so
is
our
friendship.(Page
3)
足球对我而言很重要,但我们的友谊对我也很重要。
★考点:“so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”,表示“前面的情况同样适用于后者”。
①—I
don’t
know
about
you,but
I’m
sick
and
tired
of
this
weather.
我不知道你怎样,我可烦透了这样的天气。
—So
am
I.I
can’t
stand
all
this
rain.
我也是。我不能忍受这样的下雨天。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳句中黑体的含义及用法
②This
is
not
my
story,nor
is
it
the
whole
story.My
story
plays
out
differently.
这不是我的故事,也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。
归纳:nor(neither)
is
it 含义: ?
③Mark
was
a
diligent
student
and
worked
very
hard,and
so
it
was
with
Charlie.
马克是一个勤奋的学生,学习很努力,查理也一样。
归纳:so
it
was
with...
含义:
?
……也同样不
……也一样
此时句中有多个不同类动词,或既有
肯定也有否定
④If
you
go
to
the
party
this
evening,so
will
she.
如果你今晚去参加聚会,她也去。
归纳:so
will
(shall)...
含义:
?
⑤“It
was
very
cold
yesterday.”“So
it
was.”
“昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”
归纳:so
it
was 含义:
?
……也一样
if等连词引导的条件状语从句用一般
现在时表将来,但主句仍要用一般将来时,因此so引导的
主句要用助动词shall或will
是的,不错
对前面所表达内容的赞同。
so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语
……也一样
neither
(nor)+be/助动词/情态动词+主语
……同样不
so
it
is/was
with
……也一样
so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词
是的,不错
14
Since
we
argued,he
hasn’t
spoken
to
me
even
though
we
sit
next
to
each
other
in
class.(Page
3)
自从我们争吵以来,他没有跟我说过话,即使我们在班里坐得很近。
★考点一:argue
vi.争吵,争论 vt.论证;争辩
①They
are
arguing
with
each
other
over/about
who
should
pay
the
bill.
他们为谁该付账争吵。
②They
argued
against
such
a
policy.
他们据理反对这样一项政策。
③Jack
argued
me
into
buying
the
shirt.
杰克说服我买那件衬衫。
④I
argued
her
out
of
her
crazy
idea.
我说服她放弃了荒唐的想法。
⑤The
report
argues
that
economic
help
should
be
given
to
these
countries.
该报告论证了应该给予这些国家经济援助。
考点延伸?
argument
n.争论,争辩
⑥Another
argument
against
television
is
that
it
replaces
reading
as
a
form
of
entertainment.
对电视的另一争论是它作为一种娱乐形式取代了阅读。
⑦These
are
facts
that
are
beyond
argument.
这些都是无可争辩的事实。
argue
with
sb.about/over
sth.=
argue
about/over
sth.with
sb.关于某事和某人争论
argue
for/against
提出理由支持/反对
argue
sb.into/out
of
doing
sth.通过争论使某人(不)做某事
beyond
argument
无可争辩
★考点二:even
though
(if)尽管,即使
⑧Even
though
the
forest
park
is
far
away,a
lot
of
tourists
visit
it
every
year.
尽管那个森林公园很远,每年还是有很多人去参观。
⑨She
always
helps
her
mother
even
though
going
to
school
takes
up
most
of
her
time.
即使上学占用了她大部分时间,但她还是帮助她妈妈。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的含义
⑩There
are
a
lot
of
spelling
mistakes;even
so,it’s
quite
a
good
essay.
尽管有许多拼写错误,但它仍不失为一篇佳作。
even
so 含义: ?
11
He
fell
even
as
I
stretched
out
my
hand
to
help
him.
就在我伸手去扶他时,他跌倒了。
even
as 含义: ?
12
Even
if
invited,I
won’t
go
to
the
party.
即使被邀请,我也不去参加那个晚会。
even
if
invited 含义:
?
即使这样
正当;恰好在……时候
即使被邀请(状语从句的省略)
15
The
things
he
said
hurt
me
too,but
he
has
not
apologized
to
me.(Page
3)
他说的话也伤害了我,但他没有向我道歉。
句子剖析:本句为but连接的并列复合句。在but前的分句中,“he
said”是省略了引导词that或which的定语从句,修饰先行词“things”。
★考点:apologize
vi.道歉
①You
must
apologize
to
your
sister
for
being
so
rude.
你太无礼了,必须向你姐姐道歉。
②【高考典句】(2020山东)You
don’t
need
to
apologize
for
a
minor
slip.
你不需要为一个小失误道歉。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的词性、词组及含义
③I
made
an
apology
to
my
host
and
left
early.
我向主人道过歉后提早离去。
词性: 词组: ?
含义: ?
④I
must
offer
her
an
apology
for
not
going
to
her
party.
我没有去参加她的聚会,为此我得向她道歉。
词性: 词组: ?
含义: ?
⑤To
our
delight,they
accepted
our
written
apology.
使我们高兴的是,他们接受了我们的书面道歉。
词性: 词组: ?
含义: ?
名词
make
an
apology
to
sb
向某人道歉
名词
offer
sb.an
apology
向某人道歉
名词
accept
a
written
apology
接受书面道歉
apologize
to
sb.for
(doing)
sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉
make/offer
an
apology
to
sb.for
sth.因某事向某人道歉
?
accept/refuse
one’s
apology
接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe
sb.an
apology
欠某人一个道歉
oral/written
apology
口头/书面道歉
16
I
told
my
brother
about
the
quarrel,but
he
said
Matthew
is
just
too
sensitive
and
perhaps
a
little
bitter
because
I
am
really
athletic
and
good
at
football,and
that
I
had
better
find
another
friend.(Page
3)
我把吵架的事告诉了我哥哥,但他说马修只是太敏感,可能还有一点嫉妒,因为我身强体壮,足球踢得很好,他建议我最好另找一个朋友。
句子剖析:在but后的分句中,“Matthew
is...football”和“I
had...friend”都是宾语从句,做“said”的并列宾语。第一个宾语从句省略了引导词that,其中because
引导原因状语从句。
★考点一:quarrel
n.
争吵,争执
①I
got
involved
in
a
quarrel
about/over
the
price.
我被卷入了一场有关价格的争吵。
②He
tried
to
pick
a
quarrel
with
me
about
it
but
I
refused
to
discuss
the
matter.
他极力想就那件事找我的茬儿,但我拒绝谈论此事。
动词
quarrel
with
sb
和某人争吵
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的词性、词组及含义
③He
regretted
having
quarrelled
with
her.
他后悔和她吵了一架。
词性: 词组: ?
含义: ?
④She
argued
with
her
brother
about
the
plan
for
trip,but
after
a
while
they
began
to
quarrel
about/over
the
place
they
would
travel
to.
她和她的弟弟争论旅行的计划,但过了一会儿,他们开始为将要去旅行的地点而争吵。
词性: 词组: ?
含义: ?
动词
quarrel
about/over
sth
因某事和某人争吵
have
a
quarrel
with
sb.over/about
sth.因某事和某人争吵
quarrel
with
sb.about/over
sth.因某事和某人争吵
★考点二:sensitive
adj.易生气的;敏感的;体贴的
⑤My
teeth
are
really
sensitive
to
hot
food
and
cold
food.
我的牙齿对热食和冷食都非常敏感。
⑥I
didn’t
realize
that
he
was
so
sensitive
about
his
family.
我没想到他对他的家人那么体贴。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体短语的含义
⑦The
doctor
said
I
might
be
allergic
to
seafood.
医生说我可能是对海鲜过敏。
be
allergic
to 含义: ?
对……过敏
be
sensitive
to
对……敏感
be
sensitive
about
对……体贴
be
allergic
to
对……过敏
17
Was
it
because
you
were
ashamed
of
your
horrible
grade,or
because
you
envied
her?(Page
5)
是因为你对自己的糟糕成绩感到惭愧还是因为你忌妒她呢?
★考点:envy
vt.羡慕,忌妒
①He
envied
her—she
seemed
to
have
everything
she
could
possibly
want.
他羡慕她——她似乎要什么就有什么。
②She
has
always
envied
my
success.
她一直忌妒我的成功。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的词性及含义
③The
boy’s
new
electronic
toy
train
was
the
envy
of
his
friends.
这个男孩的新电动玩具火车使他的朋友们很羡慕。
词性: 含义: ?
④She
was
envious
of
her
sister’s
new
fashionable
dress.
词性: 含义: ?
名词
令人羡慕的人(物)
形容词
妒忌的,羡慕的
envy
羡慕、忌妒,意指希望自己拥有别人的东西或品质,不一定怀有恶意
admire
钦佩、称赞,意指怀有敬意、赞许或惊喜,打量、观望自己(或大家都)希望得到的某种东西
I
really
envy
you
a
good
luck
of
meeting
the
hero
so
close,who
is
admired
by
the
whole
nation.
我真羡慕你的运气,能够如此近距离地见到那位英雄,全国人民都钦佩他。
18
If
so,the
problem
lies
with
you,not
her.(Page
5)
如果是这样,问题在于你,而不是她。
★考点:if
so意为“如果是这样”,是一种省略形式。
①—She
may
not
be
free
today.
——她今天可能没空。
—If
so,we’ll
have
to
put
the
meeting
off.
——如果是这样,会议就得往后延了。
②It
sounds
like
something
is
wrong
with
the
car’s
engine.If
so,we’d
better
take
it
to
the
garage
immediately.
车的发动机听起来有毛病。如果是这样,我们最好马上送汽修厂维修。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳句中黑体部分的含义
③There
are
few,if
any,mistakes
in
the
book.
那本书里即使有错误,也不多。
归纳:if
any 含义: ?
④We
can
hold
a
meeting
to
discuss
it,if
necessary.
如果有必要,我们可以开个会来讨论一下。
归纳:if
necessary 含义: ?
⑤The
climate
here
is
quite
pleasant,the
temperature
rarely,if
ever,reaching
30℃
in
summer.
这儿气候很宜人。在夏天时,气温很少达到30℃,如果曾经有过的话。
归纳:if
ever 含义: ?
如果有的话
如果有必要
如果曾经有
⑥If
the
weather
is
fine,we
will
go.If
not,we
will
not
go.
如果天气好的话,我们就去。如果不好,我们就不去了。
归纳:if
not 含义: ?
⑦We
will
come
to
help
you,if
possible.
如果可能的话,我们会来帮助你的。
归纳:if
possible 含义: ?
如果不……
如果有可能
if
any如果有的话
if
necessary
如果必要的话
if
ever
如果曾经有的话
if
not
如果不是这样的话
if
possible如果有可能
19
While
it
may
feel
awkward,if
she
really
is
your
best
friend
you
should
apologize
for
blaming
her.(Page
5)
尽管这可能会让人觉得尴尬,但如果她确实是你最好的朋友,你应该为责备了她而道歉。
句子剖析:while引导让步状语从句,if引导条件状语从句。
★考点一:while引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管,即使”。
①While
the
students
came
from
different
countries,they
got
along
quite
well
in
the
summer
camp.
尽管这些学生来自不同的国家,但他们在夏令营中相处得很好。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出句中while的含义
②You
can’t
be
too
careful
while
crossing
the
road.
过马路时你越小心越好。
含义: ?
③While
there
is
life,there
is
hope.
只要有生命就有希望。
含义: ?
④We
all
know
usually
women
stay
at
home
and
do
the
housework
while
men
go
out
to
work.
我们知道通常妇女在家里做家务,而男人则外出工作。
含义: ?
当……时候
只要
然而,可是
★考点二:blame
vt.责备,指责
⑤He
was
becoming
impatient
and
I
couldn’t
blame
him.
他开始不耐烦,我不怪他。
⑥The
boss
blamed
him
for
neglect
of
duty.
老板指责他玩忽职守。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出句子中的词组及含义
⑦Who
is
to
blame
for
the
failure?
谁该为这次失败负责?
词组: 含义: ?
⑧It
would
be
less
than
fair
to
put
all
the
blame
on
him.
把所有的责任都推给他是不太公平的。
词组: 含义: ?
⑨We
were
ready
to
take
the
blame
for
what
had
happened.
我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。
词组: ?
含义: ?
be
to
blame
for
因……受到责备
put
the
blame
on
sb
把某事归咎于某人
take
the
blame
for
对……承担责任
blame
责备、谴责、归咎于,强调对某种可以解释的失误或不良行为的谴责或惩罚
scold
斥责、责骂,指大声呵斥,责备,常用于长辈对晚辈
blame
sb.for
(doing)
sth.因(做)某事而指责某人
blame
sth.on
sb.因某事而指责某人
sb.be
to
blame
for
(doing)
sth.某人因(做)某事应该受到谴责
bear/take/accept/get
the
blame
for
sth.对某事承担责任
lay/put
the
blame
on
sb.把某事归咎于某人
注意:be
to
blame应负责,该受责备,为不及物动词短语,无被动形式。
20
Matthew
probably
felt
guilty
about
losing
the
match,and
bad
about
not
being
as
gifted
at
football
as
you
are.(Page
5)
马修很可能对输了比赛感到内疚,并且对不能像你一样在足球方面有天赋而感到难过。
★考点:gifted
adj.有天赋的,有天资的(=
talented)
①What
a
gifted
man
he
is!
他是多有才华的一个人啊!
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出句中短语及含义
②He
is
gifted
at
talking
people
into
doing
something.
他有说服别人做事情的天赋。
词组: 含义:
?
③She
was
gifted
with
a
good
voice.
她天生有个好嗓子。
词组: 含义: ?
④He
has
a
gift
for
language,and
wants
to
become
an
interpreter.
他有语言天赋,想成为一名口译人员。
词组: 含义: ?
be
gifted
at
有……天赋,擅长于……
be
gifted
with
有……天赋
have
a
gift
for
有……天赋
be
gifted
at/in
有……天赋,后可接名词或动词-ing形式
be
gifted
with
有……天赋,后只接名词
have
a
gift
for
有……天赋
have
the
gift
to
do
sth.有做某事的才能
21
Talk
to
your
friend
and
I’m
sure
that,before
long,you’ll
be
back
playing
football
together.(Page
5)
和你的朋友谈谈,我相信不久以后,你们就会重新在一起踢足球了。
★考点:before
long
不久,很快
①He
made
such
rapid
progress
that
before
long
he
began
to
write
articles
in
English.
他进步很快,不久就开始用英语写文章了。
②Before
long
he
will
have
forgotten
all
about
the
matter.
不久以后他就会把这件事全忘记的。
考点延伸?
long
before
1)后接名词或句子,意为“在……的很久以前,在还没有……的很久以前”等。
③She
had
left
long
before
his
return/he
returned.
在他回来的很久以前她就走了。
④He
had
worked
in
the
factory
long
before
he
got
married.
在他还没有结婚的很久以前他就在这家工厂工作了。
此时的主句谓语也可用一般过去时(因为before已体现了动作的先后关系)。
⑤This
happened
long
before
you
were
born.
这事在你还没出生以前很久就发生了。
2)用于It
is/was
long
before...句型,其字面意思是“在……之前需要很久时间”,具体意思视语境而定。
从句动词应用一般现在时或一般过去时。
⑥It
was
long
before
he
came
back.
过了好久他才回来。
3)用于It
will/won’t
be
long
before...句型,句意为“要过很久/不久就/才……”。从句动词应用一般现在时。
⑦It
won’t
be
long
before
we
meet
again.
不久我们还会见面的。
before
long
意为“不久,很快”(=soon),可用于将来或过去时态
long
before
单独使用,表示比过去某时早得多的时间,意为“老早,早就”等,通常与过去完成时连用
在……的很久以前,在还没有……的很久以前,此时的主句谓语动词常用过去完成时,但有时也可以用一般过去时
The
engineer
had
left
long
before.It
was
long
before
we
found
out
what
was
wrong
with
our
machine
and
got
it
repaired
well,but
it
went
wrong
again
before
long.
工程师很早就走了。费了很长时间我们才弄明白机器的故障,并且把它修好了,但是不久后又出毛病了。(共37张PPT)
Section
Ⅱ Word
power
&
Grammar
and
usage
Infinitive
&
Verb-ing
form
一、指出画线部分不定式在句中的成分
1.I
pretended
to
be
cheerful,but
Hannah
sensed
something
was
wrong.( )?
2.I
begged
her
not
to
tell
anyone
else,and
she
said
she
would
keep
my
secret.( )?
3.We
went
to
wash
our
hands
in
the
girls’
washroom
before
lunch
and...( )?
4.She
is
always
the
first
to
come
to
school.( )?
5.To
serve
people
is
my
duty.( )?
6.He
is
often
heard
to
sing
the
song.( )?
7.He
hurried
to
school,only
to
find
it
was
Sunday.?
( )
8.We
were
very
excited
to
hear
the
news.( )
宾语
宾语补足语
目的状语
定语
主语
主语补足语
结果状语
原因状语
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.He
wishes
(go)
to
a
key
university
in
the
coming
year.?
2.It
is
an
honor
for
me
(invite)
to
attend
your
wedding.?
3.Women
and
children
are
the
first
(get)
into
the
lifeboats.?
4.George
returned
after
the
war,only
(tell)
that
his
wife
had
left
him.?
5.I
find
it
hard
for
me
(spare)
time
to
do
some
reading.?
to
go
to
be
invited
to
get
to
be
told
to
spare
6.Robert
is
said
(study)
abroad,but
I
don’t
know
what
country
he
studied
in.?
7. (sleep)
in
the
afternoon,Bob
turned
off
the
alarm.?
8.Paul
doesn’t
have
to
be
made
(learn).He
always
works
hard.?
9.When
I
passed
by,he
pretended
(stare)
into
the
distance.?
10.He
prefers
to
stay
at
home
to
watch
TV
rather
than
(go)
out
to
play.?
to
have
studied
To
sleep
to
learn
to
be
staring
go
三、用Verb-ing完成下列句子
1.I
was
so
upset
that
I
felt
like
(大声哭)
after
the
entrance
exam.?
2.My
best
friend
Matthew
has
stopped
(和我说话).?
3.We
are
busy
(准备英语考试).?
4. (大声朗读)
in
the
morning
is
the
best
way
to
improve
your
reading
skill.?
5.We
can
make
great
progress
by
(努力学习).?
crying
aloud
talking
to
me
preparing
for
the
English
exam
Reading
aloud
studying
hard
6.I
don’t
mind
(批评)
by
our
teacher
before
our
classmates.?
7.You
can’t
imagine
(我们完成那项任务)in
such
a
short
time.?
8.The
scientist
has
devoted
himself
to
(找到治疗癌症的方法).?
9.Friendship
means
(有一个我可以依靠的人).?
10.It
seems
you
need
to
apologize
quickly
to
avoid
(失去一个好朋友).?
being
blamed
our
finishing
the
task
finding
a
cure
for
cancers
having
someone
I
can
rely
on
losing
a
good
friend
四、试着翻译下列五组句子,体会其不同用法
1.1)I
regret
to
tell
you
a
piece
of
bad
news.
2)I
regret
telling
you
the
bad
news.
2.1)Don’t
worry!I
will
remember
to
tell
him
the
news.
2)Don’t
blame
me!I
remember
telling
him
the
news.
我很遗憾地告诉你一个不幸的消息。
我后悔告诉你那个不幸的消息。
放心吧!我会记着告诉他那一消息的。
不要怪我!我记得已经告诉他那消息啦。
3.1)They
mean
to
give
up
the
plan.
2)Missing
the
chance
means
totally
failing.
4.1)When
the
teacher
came
in,the
boy
stopped
to
read
English.
2)When
the
teacher
came
in,the
boy
stopped
reading
English.
5.1)We
will
try
to
finish
the
work
tomorrow.
2)Let
me
try
answering
the
problem.
他们打算放弃这个计划。
失去这个机会意味着彻底失败。
当老师进来时,那个男孩停下来读英语。
当老师进来时,那孩子停止读英语。
明天我们会尽力完成这项工作。
让我来试着回答这个问题。
一、动词不定式
★考点一:基本概念
动词不定式由“to
+动词原形”构成。这里to是不定式的标志,没有词义,有时to可以省略。其否定形式为“not
to
+动词原形”。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。
★考点二:基本形式
?
主动语态
被动语态
意义
一般式
to
do
to
be
done
表示动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。
完成式
to
have
done
to
have
been
done
表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
进行式
to
be
doing
?
表示谓语动词动作发生时,不定式动作正在进行。
完成进行式
to
have
been
doing
?
表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前且一直到谓语动词动作发生时,仍在进行。
★考点三:句法功能
1.不定式做主语
谓语动词用单数形式。若不定式结构比较复杂,往往用it做形式主语,将真正的主语放在句子的后面。即It
is+adj/n.(for/of
sb.)
to
do
sth.。
To
do
that
sort
of
thing
is
foolish.
做那件事情是愚蠢的。
It’s
standard
practice
for
a
company
like
this
one
to
employ
a
security
officer.
对于像这样的一个公司来说,雇用一个安保人员是标准惯例。
2.不定式做宾语
He
managed
to
finish
the
task
without
others’
help.
在没别人帮助的情况下他设法完成了那项任务。
If
you
want
to
discuss
freely
without
disturbing
others,you
can
book
a
study
room.
如果你们想自由讨论而不打扰别人,你们可以预定一个自习室。
考点延伸?
1)常接不定式做宾语的动词有:afford,ask,agree,arrange,attempt,aim,bother,choose,decide,desire,demand,expect,fail,hope,hesitate,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seem,seek,wait,wish,want等。
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。
2)下列动词后面既可以接动词不定式又可以接动词-ing形式做宾语,但意义不同。
remember
to
do
sth.记住要做某事/remember
doing
sth.记得做过了某事
forget
to
do
sth.忘记要干某事/forget
doing
sth.忘记做过某事
regret
to
do
sth.遗憾(抱歉)要做某事/regret
doing
sth.后悔做了某事
try
to
do
sth.努力做某事/try
doing
sth.尝试做某事
mean
to
do
sth.打算做某事/mean
doing
sth.意味着……
stop
to
do
sth.停下来做某事/stop
doing
sth.停止做某事
go
on
to
do
sth.做完一件事情后继续做另一件事情/go
on
doing
sth.继续做同一件事情
can’t
help
to
do
sth.不能帮助做某事;can’t
help
doing
sth.情不自禁地做某事
After
receiving
the
Oscar
for
Best
Supporting
Actress,Anne
Benedict
went
on
to
thank
all
the
people
who
had
helped
in
her
career.
在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角之后,安妮·本尼迪克特继续感谢所有帮助她演艺事业的人。
After
a
short
rest
they
went
on
discussing
the
plan.
短暂休息之后,他们继续讨论那个计划。
3)it做形式宾语,不定式放置在宾语补足语之后,即“主语+动词+it+宾语补足语+to
do”。
We
find
it
quite
necessary
for
us
to
learn
a
foreign
language
well.
我们发现学好一门外语对我们来说是很有必要的。
3.不定式做表语
His
wish
is
to
become
a
pop
singer.
他的愿望是成为一名流行歌手。
What
I
should
do
is
to
finish
the
task
as
soon
as
possible.
我应该做的事就是尽快完成任务。
4.不定式做定语
Volunteering
gives
you
a
chance
to
change
lives,including
your
own.
志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会,包括你自己的生活。
She
was
the
first
person
to
think
of
the
idea.
他是第一个想出这个主意的人。
考点延伸?
1)不定式做定语时,常放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后表示将来要发生的动作。
2)与被修饰的词之间有动宾关系,如果不定式动词为不及物动词,则需要加相应的介词。
He
told
me
that
he
had
no
pen
to
write
with.
他告诉我他没有写字用的钢笔。
3)如果与所修饰的词之间存在被动关系,则用to
be
done做定语。
There
are
still
many
problems
to
be
solved
before
we
are
ready
for
a
long
stay
on
the
Moon.
在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前还有很多有待解决的问题。
5.不定式做宾语补足语
Father
doesn’t
allow
us
to
play
on
the
streets.
爸爸不让我们在街上玩耍。
The
doctor
advised
him
to
have
a
good
rest.
医生建议他好好休息。
考点延伸?
1)常用不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:ask,tell,invite,get,advise,allow,want,permit,warn,hate,encourage,prefer,expect,order等;有些动词常接
“to
be
+adj.”构成复合结构做宾语补足语。如think,consider,imagine,prove,find,suppose
等。
We
consider
this
to
be
very
important.
我们认为这非常重要。
2)有些动词既可以用不定式做宾语补足语,也可以用动词-ing形式做宾语补足语。不定式做宾语补足语表示将来要发生的动作;动词-ing形式表示主动,也表示一个动作正在进行;过去分词表示被动。这样的动词有:have,get,see,notice,hear等。
Please
go
there
to
get
something
to
eat.
去那里弄点吃的来。
I
hear
someone
singing
in
the
next
room.
我听到有人在隔壁房间里唱歌。
He
will
get
his
bike
repaired
this
afternoon.
他今天下午要找人修自行车。
3)感官动词和使役动词用不带to的不定式做宾语补足语;在被动语态中要加to。
6.不定式做状语
1)目的状语
To
catch
the
early
flight
we
ordered
a
taxi
in
advance
and
got
up
very
early.
为了赶上早航班,我们提前叫了一辆出租车,而且我们起得很早。
2)结果状语
Anxiously,she
took
the
dress
out
of
the
package
and
tried
it
on,only
to
find
it
didn’t
fit.
她急切地从邮包里取出衣服来试穿,结果发现不合适。
考点延伸?
①so/such...as
to
She
was
so
angry
as
to
be
unable
to
speak.
她气得说不出话来。
②enough...to...
The
book
is
easy
enough
for
the
students
to
read.
这本书很简单,学生能读懂。
③too...to...
The
math
problem
is
too
difficult
for
me
to
work
out.
这道数学题太难了,我做不出来。
④only
to...表示未曾预料到的结果
I
hurried
to
the
station
only
to
find
the
train
had
left.
我匆匆忙忙赶到车站,结果发现火车已经走了。
3)原因状语
I’m
glad
to
hear
the
good
news.
听到这个消息我很高兴。
7.不定式做插入语
有些不定式短语可以做独立成分,通常置于句首,有时位于句中或句尾,需要用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。常见的有:to
be
honest,to
be
frank,to
tell(you)
the
truth,to
begin
with,to
make
matters
worse等。
To
tell
you
the
truth,I
don’t
love
you
at
all.
实话告诉你,我真的不喜欢你。
★考点四:不定式的否定式
不定式的否定式,是在任何形式的不定式之前加上not或never等否定词。
It’s
wrong
of
you
not
to
go
to
school
on
time.
没有按时到校是你的错。
I’ll
let
you
off
if
you
promise
never
to
do
it
again.
如果你答应以后不再干这事,我可以放过你。
★考点五:“疑问词+不定式”结构
疑问词who,which,what,when,where,how,whether等后接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中做主语、宾语、表语等。这个结构用作宾语时常用在tell,advise,show,teach,find
out,decide,learn,forget等词后。
When
to
start
has
not
been
decided.
何时动身还未决定。(主语)
I
know
where
to
find
the
boy.
我知道去哪里能找到那个男孩。(宾语)
My
question
is
where
to
get
such
a
machine.
我的疑问是去哪里弄到这样一台机器。(表语)
★考点六:不定式符号to的省略
1.在make,let,see,watch,hear,notice,feel,have,observe,listen
to等词后做宾语补足语时。即一感(feel)
二听(hear,listen
to)
三让(let,have,make)
四看(see,watch,notice,observe)。
I
once
heard
her
play
the
piano.
我曾听过她弹钢琴。
Who
had
you
do
such
things?
谁让你干得这些事?
2.在“Why...?”或“Why
not...?”表示建议的句型中。
Why
not
join
us?
为什么不加入到我们当中来呢?
Why
spend
so
much
money?
为什么花这么多钱呢?
3.在had
better,would
rather,can’t
but,do
nothing
but,can’t
help
but,can’t
choose
but等结构后。
We
had
nothing
to
do
but
listen
to
you.
我们别无选择,只有听你的。
She
would
rather
die
than
give
in.
她宁死不屈。
4.在介词except,but之后,如果其前有do的任何形式,不定式一般不带to,反之则需带to。
There
is
nothing
to
do
but
wait.除了等待无事可做。
There
is
no
choice
but
to
wait.除了等待别无选择。
5.“Would
you
please...?”表示命令或邀请的句型中。
Would
you
please
bring
me
some
chicken?
请给我带些鸡肉来好吗?
★考点七:不定式符号to的保留
1.当前文已经说明不定式的动作,后文中的不定式常可省略动词,只留下to。常见的动词有like,love,care,hope,wish,expect,prefer,refuse,try等。
—Will
you
join
us
in
the
discussion?
——你愿意和我们一起讨论吗?
—I’ll
be
glad
to.
——愿意。
2.当不定式用于下列结构:be
able
to,be
going
to,have
to,ought
to,used
to时,可省略动词,只保留to。
I
don’t
want
to
wait
for
him
but
I
have
to.
我不想等他,却不得不这么做。
3.当被省略的不定式的内容是作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时,to后要保留原形have或be。
He
didn’t
come,but
he
ought
to
have.
他没来,但是他应该来的。
Jane
is
not
what
she
used
to
be.
简和以前不一样了。
二、动名词
★考点一:基本概念
动名词既保留了动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成动名词短语,同时又具有名词的特性,在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语以及定语成分。
★考点二:基本形式
动名词有一般式和完成式。及物动词的动名词还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的动名词则没有被动语态。以及物动词make和不及物动词go为例,将动名词的各种形式列表如下:
语态
形式
及物动词(make)
不及物动词(go)
主动语态
被动语态
主动语态
一般式
making
being
made
going
完成式
having
made
having
been
made
having
gone
★考点三:句法功能
1.动名词做主语
Talking
is
easier
than
doing.说起来容易,做起来难。
Ignoring
the
difference
between
the
two
research
findings
will
be
one
of
the
worst
mistakes
you
make.
忽视这两个研究结果的区别将是你所犯的最严重错误之一。
Understanding
your
own
needs
and
styles
of
communication
is
as
important
as
learning
to
convey
your
affection
and
emotions.
了解你自己的需要和交流风格与学会表达你的喜爱和情感一样重要。
考点延伸?
动名词做主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it做形式主语,而将做主语的动名词后置。常用的句型有:
It
is/was
no
use/good/harm+
doing
sth.
It
is/was
not
any
use/good
+
doing
sth.
It
is/was
of
little
use/good
+
doing
sth.
It
is/was
useless+doing
sth.
It
is
a
waste
of
time
+doing
sth.
It
is
no
use
crying
over
spilt
milk.Please
find
another
way
to
make
up
for
it.
覆水难收,请找另一种方法来弥补吧。
It
is
of
no
good
staying
up
too
late
every
night.You
should
form
a
good
habit
of
getting
up
early
and
going
to
bed
early.
每晚熬夜太晚没好处。你应该养成早起早睡的好习惯。
2.做表语
Her
job
is
washing
and
cooking.
她的工作是洗衣和做饭。
My
hobby
is
collecting
stamps.
我的爱好是集邮。
考点延伸?
1)不定式做表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。
To
do
two
things
at
a
time
is
to
do
neither.一次做两件事等于没做。
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
To
work
means
to
earn
a
living.工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或是what引导的名词性从句,不定式做表语对主语起补充说明作用。
His
wish
is
to
buy
a
luxurious
car
in
the
near
future.
他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
4)动名词做表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our
work
is
serving
the
people.
我们的工作是为人民服务。
3.做宾语
She
practises
playing
the
violin
every
morning.
她每天早上练习拉小提琴。
It’s
quite
hot
today.Do
you
feel
like
going
for
a
swim?
今天很热,你愿意去游泳吗?
考点延伸?
1)后接动名词做宾语的动词和短语有:
consider,suggest,advise,excuse,pardon,admit,delay,fancy,avoid,miss,keep,practise,deny,finish,enjoy,appreciate,mind,allow,permit,escape,imagine,forbid,risk等。
be
used
to,look
forward
to,lead
to,devote
to,stick
to,object
to,get
down
to,pay
attention
to,can’t
stand,give
up,feel
like,insist
on,put
off,keep
on,can’t
help,be
busy(in),have
difficulty/trouble(in),have
a
good/wonderful/hard
time(in)等。
考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练,否认完成停欣赏,不禁介意准逃亡。
2)动名词做宾语常有宾语补足语时,要用it做形式宾语,而将做宾语的动名词后置。
We
found
it
no
good
talking
like
that.
我们发现那样说话不好。
Do
you
think
it
necessary
trying
again?
你认为有必要再试一下吗?
3)do
+限定词(my,some,any,the等)+动名词,表示“做……事”。
Will
you
do
some
shopping
on
Saturday
afternoon?
星期六下午你去购物吗?
4)做worth,busy等的宾语。
The
book
is
well
worth
reading
again.
这本书很值得再读一遍。
★考点四:复合结构
动名词也可以有逻辑主语,从而构成动名词复合结构。
名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+doing,此结构可以做主语或宾语。
名词通格/人称代词宾格+
doing,此结构只能做宾语,不可做主语。
His
leaving
is
of
great
loss
to
us.
他的离去对我们来说是巨大损失。
Mother
disliked
my(me)
working
late.
妈妈不喜欢我工作到很晚。(共93张PPT)
Section
Ⅲ Task
&
Project
一、写作词汇
语境考查:预习Task
&
Project部分的词汇,完成下列小对话或语段。
1.—Can
you
pass
the
coming
driving
test
tomorrow?
—
I
feel
(无望的).?
2.—We
want
to
rent
an
(公寓)
from
the
school.Can
you
help
us??
—
I
will
have
a
try.
3.—What’s
your
(态度)
to
the
problem??
—
I
don’t
think
it’s
wise
of
us
to
give
in
to
them.
4.—She
is
?(急切的)
to
join
your
club.Can
you
give
her
a
chance??
—
I’m
glad
to,but
she
should
reach
our
standard.
hopeless
apartment
attitude
eager
5.Although
he
has
won
?(全世界的)
recognition,he
is
still
very
?(谨慎的)
about
his
investigation.When
he
makes
a
great
decision,he
is
sure
about
the
?(安全)
of
his
financing.Once
meeting
great
problems,he
is
always
taking
quick
actions
to
?(回应)
to
them
to
reduce
the
risk.?
worldwide
cautious
security
respond
二、阅读词汇
预习reading部分的词汇,完成下列小短文。写出画线部分的汉语意思。
As
for
me,friendship
means
being
committed
1.
to
others.When
your
friend
gets
into
trouble
or
meets
problems
or
difficulties,you
will
help
him
out
of
trouble,help
him
overcome
2.
the
problems
and
help
him
to
get
through
3.
the
difficulties.When
you
do
wrong
to
him,you
should
first
make
an
apology
4.
to
him.Only
by
doing
like
these
can
you
become
a
person
for
your
friends
to
rely
on
5. .?
尽心尽力的
克服
度过
道歉
依靠
三、阅读下列句子,翻译画线短语意思
1.I
couldn’t
get
through
to
my
friend,Tom.?
2.We
found
her
evidence
was
based
on
a
lot
of
facts
that
she
had
collected.?
3.He
continues
speaking,regardless
of
my
feelings
on
the
matter.?
4.If
he
carries
on
driving
like
that,he’ll
end
up
dead.?
5.Hong
Kong’s
prosperity
relies
heavily
on
foreign
businesses.
6.Thanks
to
English
language,we
can
learn
a
lot
from
other
countries.?
7.People
might
be
cautious
about
believing
this
statement.?
接通电话
以……为基础
不顾
最终成为(处于)
依赖
由于;多亏
对……小心谨慎
对……作出评价
扎根于
致力于;对……尽心尽力
8.He
won’t
make
comments
on
the
problem
before
he
thinks
it
over.?
9.Art
must
be
anchored
in
life.?
10.China
will
continue
to
be
committed
to
the
reconstruction
course
of
Iraq.?
四、阅读课文“Teenagers’
friendships”,选择正确答案
1.Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE?
A.Boys
can
name
their
best
friends
without
hesitation.
B.Girls
can
name
their
best
friends
without
hesitation.
C.Friendships
between
girls
are
usually
based
on
shared
activities.
D.Friendships
between
boys
are
usually
based
on
shared
feelings.
2.What
do
Amanda
and
her
friends
do
when
her
brother
plays
football?
A.Watching
TV. B.Talking.
C.Shopping.
D.Playing
games.
答案:B
答案:B
3.What
puzzles
Robert?
A.That
girls
have
so
much
to
talk.
B.That
girls
can
be
such
good
friends.
C.That
girls
can
sit
together
for
such
a
long
time.
D.That
girls
like
watching
TV.
4.Which
of
the
following
do
you
think
is
the
right
attitude
towards
friendship?
A.Friendship
is
everything.
B.Sometimes
we
need
it;sometimes
we
don’t
need
it.
C.We
all
need
friendship
in
our
lives.
D.What
boys
and
girls
consider
important
in
friendship
seems
different.
答案:A
答案:C
1
...please
keep
trying
and
you
will
soon
get
through.(Page
13)
……请不断地拨,你会很快拨通的。
★考点:get
through(用电话)
接通
①I’ve
been
trying
to
phone
Charles
all
evening,but
there
must
be
something
wrong
with
the
network;I
can’t
seem
to
get
through.
我一晚上都在给查尔斯打电话,但是网络肯定有问题,所以我不能打通。
②The
operator
finally
got
me
through
to
Mr
Baker.
接线员终于帮我接通了贝克先生的电话。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳get
through的含义?
③I
will
be
with
you
as
soon
as
I
get
through
this
work.
我做完这项工作就会和你在一起。
含义: ?
④He
studies
very
hard.He
should
have
got
through
the
monthly
exam.
他学习很刻苦,本应通过这次月考的。
含义: ?
⑤He
usually
gets
through
his
salary
by
the
middle
of
every
month.
他通常到每月中旬就把工资花完了。
含义: ?
完成
通过;考试及格
用完;用光
get
along
相处;进展
get
across被理解;通过
get
in进入;收获
get
into
进入;陷入
get
off
下来;出发
get
to抵达
get
over克服
get
together聚集;相聚在一起
get
away
with做(坏事)而未受到惩罚
get
down
to着手
2
One
or
two
good
friends
are
better
than
100
acquaintances.(Page
15)
一两个好朋友胜过一百个熟人。
★考点:acquaintance
n.泛泛之交,熟人;略有交情,(与某人)认识
①Is
she
a
close
friend
of
yours
or
an
acquaintance?
她是你的闺蜜还是泛泛之交?
②We
are
the
casual
acquaintance
of
a
long
railway
journey.
我们是在火车长途旅行中偶然结识的朋友。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳有关acquaintance短语的用法
③I
have
some
acquaintance
with
Russian.
我略懂一点俄语。
归纳:have
some
acquaintance
with
sth.
含义: ?
④I
have
a
nodding
acquaintance
with
him,not
an
acquaintance.
我和他只是点头之交,不是熟人。
归纳:have
a
nodding
acquaintance
with
sb.
含义: ?
⑤I
came
to
England
to
make
your
acquaintance.
我来英国想和你结识。
归纳:make
one’s
acquaintance(=make
the
acquaintance
of
sb.)
含义: ?
对……略知一点
与某人是点头之交
结识某人
have
some
acquaintance
with
sth.对……略知一点
have
a
nodding
acquaintance
with
sb.与某人是点头之交
make
one’s
acquaintance(=make
the
acquaintance
of
sb.)
结识某人
3
Friendships
between
girls
are
usually
anchored
in
shared
feelings
and
support,but
friendships
between
boys
are
based
on
shared
activities
or
interests.(Page
18)
女孩之间的友谊通常基于共同的情感和相互支持,但是男孩之间的友谊是建立在共享的活动和兴趣的基础之上。
★考点一:anchor
vt.
扎根于;使基于;下锚;使固定
n.
锚
①The
fisherman
anchored
his
boat
off
the
sea
shore.
那渔民把船停泊在海岸不远处。
②If
you
anchor
an
object
somewhere,you
should
fix
it
to
something
to
prevent
it
moving
from
that
place.
如果你把一物体固定在某处,你应把它系在某东西上以防止它从那地方跑掉。
③The
sailor
coiled
the
rope
around
the
anchor.
水手把绳子盘缠在锚上。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出句中黑体短语的含义
④The
roots
of
plants
are
anchored
in
earth.
植物扎根于土壤之中。
归纳:be
anchored
in 含义: ??
⑤The
child
seat
belt
was
not
properly
anchored
to
the
car.
儿童座椅的安全带并未在车上固定到位。
归纳:be
anchored
to 含义: ?
扎根于;固定在
固定在……上
★考点二:base
vt.以……为根据(基础/基地)
⑥Basing
an
important
decision
more
on
emotion
than
on
reason,you
will
regret
it
sooner
or
later.
基于情感而非理智做出一个重要决定,你迟早会后悔的。
⑦Theory
should
be
based
on
practice.
理论应该建立在实践基础上。
⑧You
should
base
your
conclusion
upon
careful
research.
你应该以审慎的研究为基础,然后再下结论。
base...on/upon把……建立在……上;以……为根据/基础
be
based
on/upon以……为根据/基础
base
n.
基部;基地;基础
at
the
base
of...在……的底部
basic
adj.
基本的;基础的
basically
adv.
基本上;大体上;从根本上说
4
A
boy
is
likely
to
be
cautious
about
sharing
his
feelings
with
his
close
friends.(Page
18)
男孩对于与亲密的朋友分享情感这件事可能很谨慎。
★考点:cautious
adj.
小心的;谨慎的
①Her
experiences
have
made
her
cautious.
她的经历让她变得小心谨慎。
②He
warned
us
to
be
cautious
of
radiation.
他告诫我们谨防辐射。
③Doctors
are
cautious
about
this
new
treatment.
医生们对这个新治疗方法是很谨慎的。
④You
should
be
cautious
with
your
words
and
actions.
你应该谨言慎行。
be
cautious
of
谨防……,当心……
be
cautious
about
对……小心
be
cautious
with对……慎重(谨慎)
cautiously
adv.
谨慎地;小心地
5
A
girl’s
closest
friend,however,might
be
eager
to
tell
her
about
something
that
has
happened
in
her
life.(Page
18)
但是,一个女孩最亲密的朋友可能会急不可待地告诉她在生活中发生的事情。
★考点:eager
adj.
热切的,急不可待的
①His
classes
were
packed
with
eager
students.
他的课上挤满了求知如渴的学生。
②Mike
is
eager
to
stay
away
from
the
busy
city
life
for
a
while.
迈克急于离开繁忙的城市生活一段时间。
③He
is
eager
for
success.
他急于求成。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳
eager的用法?
④He
was
eager
for
the
new
year
to
come.
他期盼新年快点到来。
归纳:be
eager
for...to...
含义: ?
⑤He
is
eager
that
all
the
workers
should
come
on
time.
他急着让所有工人都按时到达。
归纳:be
eager
that
sb.(should)
do
sth.
含义: ?
期盼……(某人/某事)……
渴望某人干某事
eager
指“以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目的”,有时也可指“由于其他感情影响而急不可耐的”。
anxious
指“热切地希望实现愿望,并因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安,感到焦虑的”。
keen
指“对某人、某事怀有极大兴趣或热情的”。
Tom
is
keen
to
do
some
volunteering
during
matches;he
thinks
he
can
enjoy
watching
matches
while
doing
volunteering.During
yesterday’s
football
match,he
was
eager
for
his
school
team
to
win
the
match,but
as
the
match
went
on,the
result
that
he
was
anxious
about
appeared
at
last.His
team
lost
the
match.
汤姆热衷于做赛事志愿服务,他认为他在做志愿服务时可以观看比赛。在昨天的足球赛中,他渴望他的足球队赢那场比赛,但是随着赛事的进展,最终出现了他所担心的结果。他的队输掉了那场比赛。
6
When
asked,they
usually
hesitate
before
responding...(Page
18)
当被问及(这个问题)时,他们往往在回答之前都要犹豫一下……
★考点一:When
asked
当被问起来时,状语从句的省略
①Children,when
accompanied
by
their
parents,are
allowed
to
enter
the
stadium.
有家长陪同的孩子们才准许进入体育馆。
②When
asked
for
his
views
about
his
teaching
job,Philip
said
he
found
it
very
interesting
and
rewarding.
当被问及对教书这份工作的观点时,菲利普说他认为这份工作很有趣且有回报。
考点延伸?
一般说来,省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:
1)由when,while,as,before,after,till,until,once等引导的时间状语从句;
2)由whether,if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;
3)由though,although,even
if,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;
4)由as,than等引导的比较状语从句;
5)由as,as
if,as
though等引导的方式状语从句。
上述状语从句在省略时,并非任何成分都可以省略而是遵循下列原则:
(1)当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时,可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。
(2)当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,但从句主语是it,从句中又含有be动词的某种形式时,可以把it和be动词一起省略。形式为:连词(when,if,even
if,unless,once,until,than,as)+过去分词
③It
is
so
cold
that
you
can’t
go
outside
unless
fully
covered
in
thick
clothes.
外面很冷,如果你不穿厚厚的衣服是不能出去的。
④If
accepted
for
the
job,you’ll
be
informed
soon.
如果你被录用,我们会很快通知你的。
★考点二:respond
vi.做出反应;回应
⑤She
asked
how
he
thought
about
the
plan,but
he
didn’t
respond.
她问他对这一计划有何看法,他却没有反应。
⑥She
responded
to
my
letter
with
a
telephone
call.
她收到我的信后给我回了个电话。
⑦The
army
responded
with
gunfire.
军队用炮火予以反击。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体单词的词性,写出其构成的短语及含义
⑧The
government
acted
in
response
to
economic
pressure.
政府为应对经济压力采取了行动。
词性: 短语: ?
含义:
?
⑨When
asked
about
the
problem,the
leader
made
no
response
to
it.
当被问起这一问题时,领导没回应。
词性: 短语: ?
含义: ?
⑩The
local
government
made
quick
response
to
the
accident.
当地政府对这次事故做出了迅速反应。
词性: 短语: ?
含义: ?
名词
in
response
to
对……做出反应(回答、答复)
名词
make
no
response
to
对……没回应(答复)
名词
make
quick
response
to
对……做出迅速反应
respond
to
对……做出反应(答复)
respond
with...用/以……应答/回复
respond
to
a
letter
回信
in
response
to对……做出回应(回复)
make
no
response
to对……没做反应
make
quick
response
to对……做出迅速反应
7
...it
is
hard
to
choose
just
one
best
friend.(Page
18)
……很难选择一个最好的朋友。
★考点:it做形式主语,不定式做真正主语
①It
is
good
to
know
these
dogs
will
be
well
cared
for
while
we
are
away.
得知这些狗在我们离开时会被照顾得很好是不错的。
②It
is
pleasant
to
get
along
with
him.
和他相处是愉快的。
考点延伸?
1)it做形式主语的常用句式:
It
is
a
pity(a
shame,a
fact,a
wonder...)that...
It
is
strange(obvious,true,likely,possible,clear...)that...
It
seemed(happened,turned
out...)that...
It
is
said(reported,decided,expected...)that...
It
is
important(necessary,difficult,easy,hard...)for
sb.to
do
sth.
It
is
kind(cruel,brave,nice,wise,stupid...)of
sb.to
do
sth.
③It
is
true
that
Mike
refused
an
offer
from
Yale
University
yesterday.
迈克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取,这是真的。
④It
is
difficult
for
us
to
imagine
what
life
was
like
for
slaves
in
the
ancient
world.
对我们来说,很难想象古代奴隶的生活是什么样子。
2)it还可以做形式宾语。当一个宾语太长,宾语后的补足语又太短时,常常需要用it做形式宾语,以保持句子的平衡。
He
thought
it
necessary
to
learn
English.
他认为学习英语是必要的。
8
The
qualities
that
boys
and
girls
consider
important
in
a
friend
seem
to
be
the
same,regardless
of
the
basis
of
these
friendships.(Page
18)
无论男孩和女孩友谊的基础是什么,他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。
★考点:regardless
adv.不顾;不管怎样
regardless
of
不管,不顾
①I
protested,but
she
carried
on
regardless.
我极力反对,但她置之不理仍一意孤行。
②Our
club
is
open
to
everyone
regardless
of
age,sex
or
educational
background.
我们俱乐部对任何人开放,不论年龄、性别和教育背景。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出句中引导让步状语的词或词组及含义
③He
failed
to
finish
the
task
in
spite
of
his
efforts.
尽管他尽力了,但还是没完成那项任务。
词组: 含义: ?
④All
the
people
on
the
ship
were
in
safety
despite
the
storm.
尽管遇到了暴风雨,船上的所有人都安然无恙。
词: 含义: ?
⑤Although
he
is
old,he
can
care
for
himself.
尽管他年龄大了,但还能自理。
词: 含义: ?
⑥Little
as
he
is,he
knows
a
lot.
尽管他年龄小,但懂得很多。
词: 含义: ?
in
spite
of
尽管
despite
尽管
although
虽然,尽管
as
尽管
regardless
of
不管,不顾
in
spite
of
尽管,不顾
despite
尽管
although/though
虽然
as
尽管
9
I
ended
up
returning
to
the
train
station
and
spending
the
rest
of
the
day
in
the
waiting
room.(Page
19)
最终我回到火车站,在候车室里过完了这一天。
★考点:end
up
最后成为;最终处于
①He
ended
up
as
general
manager
of
the
company.
他最终成了这家公司的总经理。
②Not
everything
that
seems
like
a
bargain
will
really
end
up
saving
your
money.
并不是所有看起来像是便宜货的东西都会最终真正帮你省钱。
③If
you
go
on
like
this
you
will
end
up
with
nothing.
如果你再这样下去,你会一无所获的。
④The
chairman
ended
up
his
speech
finally.
主席终于结束了演讲。
end
up
as
最终成为……
end
up
doing
最终做了……
end
up
with
以……结束(终结)
10
Friendship
means
having
someone
I
can
rely
on.(Page
19)
友谊意味着我拥有可以依靠的人。
★考点:rely
(on)
vi.依靠,依赖
①For
days
the
kids
have
been
looking
for
others
we
can
rely
on.
几天来,孩子们一直在寻找我们可以信赖的其他人。
②We
can
rely
on
him
not
to
tell
anyone.
我们可以信赖他不会告诉任何人。
③He
is
a
person
of
great
ability,and
we
can
rely
on
him
finishing
it
on
time.
他是一个很有能力的人,我们信赖他能按时完成那项工作。
④You
can
rely
on
it
that
it
will
rain
this
weekend.
你放心好了,本周末一定会下雨。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出句中有关depend构成的短语及含义
⑤The
country
depends
heavily
on
its
tourist
trade.
这个国家主要依靠旅游业。
短语: 含义: ?
⑥Children
depend
on
their
parents
for
all
their
material
needs.
孩子们依靠父母满足他们所有的物质需要。
短语: ?
含义: ?
⑦We
depend
on
energy
to
do
many
things
in
our
daily
lives.
在我们日常生活中,我们依靠能源做很多事。
短语:
含义:
?
⑧The
length
of
the
treatment
depends
on
the
severity
of
the
illness.
治疗时间的长短取决于疾病的严重程度。
短语: 含义: ?
depend
on
依赖(靠)
depend
on
sb.for
sth
依靠某人获得某物
depend
on...to
do
sth
依靠(赖)……做某事
depend
on
取决于
depend/rely
on
依赖(靠)
depend/rely
on
sb.for
sth.依赖(靠)某人得到某物
depend/rely
on
sb.to
do
sth.依赖(靠)某人做某事
depend/rely
on
sb.(sb.’s)
doing
依赖(靠)某人做某事
depend/rely
on
it
that
指望……
That/It
depends.据情况而定。
11
Thanks
to
her
help,I
was
able
to
pass
the
exam.(Page
19)
多亏了她的帮助,我考试及格了。
★考点:thanks
to幸亏;由于
①Thanks
to
modern
manufacturing(制造业)
and
technology,companies
are
able
to
produce
products
quickly
and
inexpensively.
由于现代制造业和技术,公司能又快又廉价地生产出很多产品。
②Thanks
to
your
help,I
lived
a
happy
life
and
made
great
progress
in
my
English
study.
多亏了你的帮助,我过得很开心,在英语学习上取得了巨大进步。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体短语的含义
③For
animals
their
size,ants
have
been
astonishingly
successful,largely
due
to
their
wonderful
social
behavior.
就动物大小来说,蚂蚁获得令人吃惊的成功,主要归因于它们的良好社会行为。
due
to 含义: ?
④Owing
to
a
lack
of
funds,the
project
will
not
continue
next
year.
由于缺乏资金,该项目明年将中止。
owing
to 含义: ?
⑤All
the
flights
have
been
delayed
because
of
the
heavy
fog.
因为大雾所有的航班都推迟了。
because
of 含义: ?
由于
由于
因为
表示“因为,由于”的短语有:
thanks
to due
to owing
to because
of
12
Friendship
means
being
committed
to
others.(Page
19)
友谊意味着对他人尽心尽力。
★考点:committed
adj.
坚定的;坚信的;尽心尽力的
①If
you
are
committed
to
keeping
the
relationship
and
maintain
your
trust,you
will
keep
the
relationship
strong
and
safe.
如果你们致力于维持你们的关系,坚持你们的信任,你们将会使你们的关系牢固和安全。
②The
girl
is
committed
to
her
own
duty.
那女孩尽心尽力做好自己的本职工作。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳句中黑体部分的词性及含义
③I
committed
an
error
in
handling
the
business.
我在处理这一业务时犯了一个错误。
词性: 含义: ?
④He
didn’t
commit
himself
anything.
他没有作任何承诺。
词性: 含义: ?
⑤The
company
committed
most
of
its
profits
to
building
new
factories.
公司拨出大部分利润建造新工厂。
词性: 含义: ?
动词
犯错(罪)
动词
作出保证(承诺)
动词
拨出
⑥If
he
is
honest
he
will
tell
you
that
he
is
afraid
of
making
a
commitment.
如果他诚实的话,他会告诉你他害怕承诺。
词性: 含义: ?
名词
承诺
be
committed
to
doing
sth.尽心尽力做某事
commitment
n.承诺
13
Because
I
am
a
friend,I
have
had
to
learn
patience
and
mercy.(Page
19)
因为我是朋友,我得学会耐心和宽容。
★考点:mercy
n.仁慈,宽恕;宽容;恩惠;幸运
①They
showed
mercy
to
their
enemies.
他们对敌人很仁慈。
②It’s
a
mercy
that
she
wasn’t
hurt
in
the
accident.
她在事故中未受伤,真幸运。
③He
refused
us
without
mercy
when
we
asked
him
for
help.
当我们向他求助的时候,他毫不留情地拒绝了。
④We
should
have
mercy
on/upon
people
in
trouble.
我们应对困境中的人们有怜悯之心。
⑤Not
only
crops,but
also
family
income
and
nutrition
are
at
the
mercy
of
rain
clouds.
不光是农作物,就连农民的家庭收入和营养也全靠雨云。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出句中黑体词的词性及含义
⑥The
merciful
king
saved
him
from
death.
仁慈的国王救了他一命。
词性: 含义: ?
⑦They
asked
her
to
be
merciful
to
the
prisoners.
他们要求她对犯人宽容一些。
词性: 含义: ?
形容词
仁慈的
形容词
宽容的
show
mercy
to/have
mercy
on
(upon)
对……有怜悯之心
It
is/was
a
mercy
that...……真幸运。
without
mercy毫不留情地
at
the
mercy
of
sb./sth.任由某人(某物)摆布或控制
be
merciful
to
对……仁慈
14
In
conclusion,when
we
are
old
and
look
back
on
our
lives,what
will
we
remember?(Page
19)
总之,当我们年老时,回顾起我们的生活来,我们能记起什么来?
★考点一:in
conclusion
总之;最后
①In
conclusion,walking
is
a
cheap,safe,enjoyable
and
readily
available
form
of
exercise.
总之,散步是一种廉价、安全、愉快的锻炼方式,而且随时随地都可以进行。
②In
conclusion,she
wished
comrades
success
in
their
work.
最后,她祝同志们工作顺利。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出下列黑体短语的含义
③All
in
all,we
can’t
live
without
computer
network
now.
总之,我们现在没有计算机网络是无法生活的。
all
in
all 含义: ?
④In
a
word,they
can
do
everything
they
like
with
money.
总之,他们用金钱能做他们喜欢做的一切。
in
a
word 含义: ?
⑤In
short,I
am
interested
in
all
kinds
of
sports.
简而言之,我对一切运动都感兴趣。
in
short 含义: ?
⑥To
begin
with,I’d
like
to
tell
in
brief
the
importance
of
the
work.
首先,我想简要谈一下这项工作的重要性。
in
brief 含义: ?
总之
一句话,总之
简而言之
简要
in
conclusion
总之,最终(后)
all
in
all
总之
?
in
a
word
一句话,总之
in
short
简而言之
in
brief
简明扼要
★考点二:look
back
on
回顾,回想
⑦As
I
look
out,I
look
back
on
that
memorable
days.
我看着窗外,回想起那些难忘的日子。
⑧When
I
look
back
on
my
childhood,I
can
recall
the
rainy
days.
回想起童年生活时,我就会想起下雨的日子。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出句中黑体短语的含义
⑨When
we
look
forward
to
the
future,we
all
are
full
of
hope.
当我们展望未来时,我们都充满希望。
look
forward
to 含义: ?
⑩When
you
back
your
car,you
must
look
behind
to
see
where
you
are
going.
当你倒车时,你一定要向后看倒到什么地方了。
look
behind 含义: ?
展望;期盼
向后看
look
back
on
回顾;回想
look
forward
to
展望,向前看;期盼
look
behind
向后看(共6张PPT)
Section
Ⅳ Writing
有关友谊的书信
在日常生活中,朋友之间难免会出现一些问题,问题出现后如何来解决问题,如何沟通。书信是我们用来消除误解,化解矛盾的一种方式。在写这类信件时应注意下列几点:
1.首先要摆出问题,即问题介绍。
2.你对友谊的理解。好朋友之间应该怎么样。
3.为化解这一矛盾提出你的建议。
4.最后表达自己的希望。希望这一问题圆满解决。
1.I’m
sorry/glad
to
hear
that...
2.I
am
writing
to
you
for
the
purpose
of...
3.As
we
all
know...
4.I
am
writing
to
express
my
views
concerning...
5.I
suggest
that
sb.should
do...
6.In
my
opinion,...
7.I
believe
you
will
take
my
advice
into
account/consideration.
8.I
hope
you
will
find
these
proposals/suggestions
practical/useful/helpful.
9.I
will
be
more
than
happy
to
see
improvements
in...
10.I
would
appreciate
it
very
much
if...
小王是李东的好朋友。小张是李东班里新来的同学,李东跟他也很要好。但小王、小张始终无法做朋友。请你以李东的身份给他的任意一个朋友写一封信,告诉他你的感受,并陈述你对朋友和友谊的看法。最终说服小王、小张都成为你的朋友。
参考范文:
Dear
Wang,
I
am
writing
this
letter
in
order
to
persuade
you
to
make
friends
with
the
new
comer,Zhang.We
two
have
been
good
friends
since
we
entered
this
school,but
I
want
to
become
good
friends
with
Zhang
too.You
two
never
try
to
be
friends,which
makes
me
feel
trapped.
Zhang
is
a
new
comer
to
our
class.I
am
one
of
the
only
few
who
he
knows.Everyone
of
us
needs
friends.Without
a
best
friend,one
will
be
lonely
and
unhappy.So
we
should
try
our
best
to
make
everyone
around
us
happy,shouldn’t
we?
So
I
sincerely
suggest
that
you
two
become
good
friends.I
am
sure
you
will
accept
him
once
you
understand
him.What’s
more,on
seeing
the
three
of
us
become
good
friends,I
will
be
very
glad.
How
about
meeting
him
and
having
a
talk
next
Wednesday
in
the
school
café?
See
you
soon.
Yours
sincerely,
Li
Dong(共22张PPT)
单元重点小结
重点句型
1)I
was
upset
I
felt
like
crying.?
我难过得想哭。
2)I
thought
that
Hannah
my
classmates
about
my
grade
after
promising
not
to.?
我想一定是汉娜在承诺了不把我的成绩告诉别人后却这样做了。
3)Football
is
very
important
to
me,but
.?
足球对我来说非常重要,但我们的友谊也一样重要。
4) ,the
problem
lies
with
you,not
her.?
如果是这样,问题在你,而不是她。
5) ,they
usually
hesitate
before
responding...?
当被问及(这个问题)时,他们往往在回答之前都要犹豫一下……
so
that
must
have
told
so
is
our
friendship
If
so
When
asked
重点语法
不定式和动名词
一、不定式
1)不定式做主语
is
to
believe.眼见为实。?
2)不定式做宾语
She
wants
.她想借用你的字典。?
3)不定式做表语
Her
job
is
.她的工作是养猪。?
4)不定式做定语
Do
you
have
anything
else
?你还有什么要说的吗??
To
see
to
borrow
your
dictionary
to
raise
pigs
to
say
5)不定式做状语
He
searched
the
room
only
.他找遍了房间,结果什么都没找到。?
6)不定式做宾语补足语
He
asked
me
.他让我帮助她。
to
find
nothing
to
help
her
二、动名词
1)动名词做主语
is
an
art.教学是一门艺术。?
2)动名词做表语
Her
job
is
.她的工作是照看孩子。?
3)动名词做宾语
She
likes
.她非常喜欢绘画。
Teaching
looking
after
babies
drawing
very
much
功能
Agreeing
I
agree
with
you
on/that...
I
am
of
the
same
opinion(as...).
Exactly.
That’s
a
good
point.
That’s
how
I
feel(about...)too.
That’s
right.
You’ve
got
a
point.
Yes.And
another
reason
is
that...
Disagreeing
I
don’t
agree.What
about...?
I’m
not
sure
that’s
true.
I
see
things
in
a
little
different
way.
On
the
other
hand,...
Perhaps
you
are
mistaken.
Really?I
don’t
think
that...
I
take
your
point,but...
That’s
true,but...
走近高考
“得阅读者得英语高考”这句话说明了阅读在英语高考中的重要性。
在平时的英语学习中要把阅读放在首位。建议每天限时阅读两篇文章,做到泛读和精读相结合。还要掌握阅读理解的解题方法和技巧。
1.在阅读文章前先浏览文后题干内容,带着问题去阅读,做到有的放矢,提高阅读效率。
2.阅读理解题的设置大部分都是以文章的段落先后顺序来设题,了解这一点,便于猜测问题的来源,快速查找问题的出处。
3.阅读理解主要以细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断和词义猜测这四类来命题。弄清解答这四类题的方法是很重要的。
(1)细节理解题
细节理解就是事实询问题,一般就文中的某句、某段、某一具体细节和事实进行提问,并要求作答的题型。题型多种多样,几乎没有固定的模式,通常以what,who,which,where,when,how,why
等词引出要考查的题目。此类题目在高考阅读试题中占的比例较大,做好这类题目要掌握下列方法和技巧:
①弄懂题干和每个选项的含义,带着问题去阅读,做到有的放矢。题意不明,当然无法做出正确选择,明确题意才能顺藤摸瓜。只要仔细阅读,此类问题的答案都可以在阅读材料中找到相对应的文字和语段作为验证。
②按照题目的要求寻找与之相关的细节,正确估计答案来源。有的题只要抓住文章的某处信息,即可找到正确答案。有的则需要综合文章多处信息加以分析,才能找到解题思路。
③要注意题目和文章中关键词的暗示作用,忽略了它们的暗示作用,就失去了解题的钥匙。
④运用查读法来寻觅答案。也就是通过眼睛迅速扫视有关材料,查找具体信息或事实,对文中含有人名、地名、年代、日期、数字等信息的句子要放慢阅读速度。这些信息可能就是你要寻找的答案所在。
⑤在阅读中注意定语从句和同位语从句的修饰限制和解释说明作用,以及标点符号的提示作用:冒号、破折号、括号的解释说明作用,逗号和分号的并列作用,引号的叙述作用等,这些都是解题的关键所在,在阅读中千万不可忽视这些符号的独特作用。
(2)推理判断题
做推理判断时应注意以下几个问题:
①把握全文是推断的前提。只有把握全文内容,在彻底理解的基础上,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示或线索,这是推理判断的前提和基础。
②不以偏概全,不断章取义。对于所阅读的表面信息进行加工处理,由表及里,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般。通过分析、综合和判断进行深层处理,然后进行符合逻辑的推理。
③切忌用自己的观点来代替作者的观点。忠于原文,以文章提供的线索和事实为依据,立足已知,推知未知;立足现在,推知未来。不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测。
④把握句、段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇结构。要体会文章的基调,揣测作者的态度,找准逻辑发展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音。
(3)主旨大意题
主旨大意题是对所读文章的高度概括,主要有以下几类:
①考查考生对文章主题句的识别能力(主题句具有明显的概括作用,它可能出现在文首,文中或文末)
②考查考生对文章结构的把握能力:有些文章结构非常明显,特别是科技说明文和应用文,采用的是“概述细节”的叙述方式。所以只需读前几段,有时只需读第一段,便知主旨是什么了。
③考查学生对关键词的提炼能力。
④考查学生对中心线索的概括能力。
要做好主旨大意题,还应了解主旨大意题干扰项的特点,有助于迅速、果断地排除这些干扰项,从而确定正确的答案。通常情况下,干扰项具有如下五个特点:
①主题变大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围变大,超过文章实际所提及的内容。
②断章取义。干扰项常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设计内容,或者以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。
③以偏概全。干扰项只表述了文章的部分内容,也就是文章的局部信息。
④无中生有,似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了,但认真分析之后会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
⑤张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上,构成一个干扰项。在我们不注意的情况下,会造成错选答案。
(4)词义猜测题
词义猜测是指根据上下文提供的语境正确推测画线部分生词的词义,意在通过阅读考查识别生词的能力,即猜词悟意的能力。在对生词猜测时,不要停留在字面意思上,要通过阅读上下文,依据已知的信息来推知尚不熟悉的单词或词组的意思。
①利用同义或反义关系推测词义。可以利用生词前后出现的同义词或反义词,或者表示转折意义的连词、词组,如:but,however,although,nevertheless,on
the
contrary,rather
than等进行词义猜测。
②利用例证或语境推测词义。一些文章为了证实或帮助阐述某一观点(生词),常会举些例子,我们可以通过所给的例子猜测和确定观点(生词)是什么。或者我们还可以利用生词的附近内容或距生词较远的段落内容或篇章内容来推测生词词义。
③利用因果关系猜测词义。在句子或段落中,若两个事物、现象间存在因果关系,我们可利用这种逻辑关系来推知词义。
④结合生活常识或经验猜测词义。在根据上下文进行逻辑推理时,若能结合自己的生活常识或经验,就能较准确地推测出生词词义。
⑤利用针对性解释猜测词义。所谓针对性解释就是针对某一概念或观点(生词),作者会给出相应的同位语、定语、修饰性从句或有
or,that
is
to
say,in
other
words,namely,or
other,say等词,从而更清楚地阐述概念或观点(生词)。我们可以利用这些修饰成分来推断生词词义。有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。
⑥利用构词法猜测词义。一词多义、合成词以及各种前缀、后缀的构成及其意义,如:anti-,un-,im-,in-,il-,dis-
等前缀与-less等后缀可构成反义词;后缀-ment,-ful,-ness,-ism,-ist等可改变词性;合成词的理解要建立在正确理解两词的基础上,再结合上下文,猜测其意义。
⑦根据比较关系猜测词义
同对比关系相反,比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有:similarly,like,just
as,also,as
well
as
等。
⑧并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义。
拓展阅读
Dear
editor,
I
spend
most
of
my
time
studying.I
hardly
talk
to
my
classmates.Sometimes
I
think
I
am
not
so
concerned(关心)
about
others,but
there
are
times
that
I
do
want
to
talk.I
just
don’t
know
what
to
talk
about
and
how
to
begin
a
conversation.
I
feel
so
lonely.How
I
wish
I
had
a
good
friend!
Jin
Jing,Shanghai
Dear
Jin
Jing,
Your
problem
is
like
a
circle.The
harder
you
study,the
less
time
you
have
to
make
friends
and
the
less
friendly
you
look
to
your
classmates.The
fewer
friends
you
have,the
harder
you
study
to
make
yourself
feel
better.
Try
to
break
this
sad
circle.Perhaps
your
problem
comes
from
shyness.You
might
be
afraid
of
meeting
new
people,because
you
feel
you
are
too
serious.You
are
not.Everyone
has
a
fun
side
to
his
character.You
must
push
your
shy
side
away
and
show
your
classmates
how
fun
you
can
be.
It
is
OK
to
do
this
slowly.You
will
not
get
a
new
best
friend
overnight.It
takes
time
to
get
to
know
a
person
and
it
takes
time
to
find
someone
with
whom
you
really
get
along
well.
Look
at
your
classmates.Are
there
any
people
with
whom
you
feel
you
have
a
lot
in
common?
The
first
thing
you
must
do
is
smile
at
your
classmates.One
smile
speaks
louder
about
your
wish
to
make
friends
than
any
words.Do
this
as
often
as
you
can,until
your
classmates
become
used
to
your
smiles
and
smile
in
return.
The
next
thing
to
do
is
try
to
talk
to
your
classmates.The
best
time
to
do
this
is
between
classes
or
during
your
lunch
break.Make
sure
that
they
are
not
busy.You
may
find
it
easier
to
start
by
talking
to
people
when
they
are
alone,instead
of
in
a
group.
Perhaps
you
could
ask
a
classmate
about
your
studies.Ask
for
someone’s
help.They
are
likely
to
respond1
in
a
very
positive2
way.People
like
to
feel
important
and
useful.
There
must
be
someone
else
in
your
class
who
is
also
quiet.It
might
be
easier
to
try
and
talk
to
someone
who
is
as
shy
as
you.
When
you
have
become
used
to
talking
to
someone
at
school,you
could
invite
them
to
your
home
for
study
or
to
meet
your
family.
Your
problem
is
mainly
about
confidence3.Smile
first,talk
next
and
slowly
you
will
make
friends.Once
you
have
more
confidence,you
can
make
as
many
friends
as
you
want.
Editor
词海拾贝?
1.respond
[rI?sp?nd]
vi.
做出反应,回应
2.positive
[?p?z?tIv]
adj.
积极的
3.confidence
[?k?nfId?ns]
n.信心,自信
难句剖析?
1.There
must
be
someone
else
in
your
class
who
is
also
quiet.
在你们班里一定会有也不爱说话的人。
who
is
also
quiet为定语从句,修饰前面的someone。
2.When
you
have
become
used
to
talking
to
someone
at
school,you
could
invite
them
to
your
home
for
study
or
to
meet
your
family.
当你在学校习惯了和别人讲话时,你可以邀请他们到你家里来学习或见一下你的家人。
When
you
have
become
used
to
talking
to
someone
at
school为时间状语从句。
