(共98张PPT)
Unit
3
Science
and
nature
【文章导语】克隆技术是一种前沿高科技生物技术。你对克隆技术了解多少呢?
●Cloning(克隆技术)is
the
most
attractive
part
of
the
new
biotechnology1
and
the
one
which
causes
the
most
heated
discussion
over
its
worth.Here
are
answers
to
the
most
common
questions
about
cloning.
1.What
is
cloning?
Cloning
is
the
creation
of
cells
or
whole
animals
using
DNA
from
a
single
“parent”,
bypassing2
the
normal
reproductive
process.The
clone
has
the
same
DNA
as
the
parent.
2.How
are
clones
created?
The
most
common
process
takes
DNA
from
one
cell
and
puts
in
a
hollowed-out3
egg.Chemicals
and
electricity
are
then
used
to
encourage
the
new
DNA
to
fuse4
with
the
egg
and
develop
into
an
embryo5.This
technique
is
called
nuclear
transfer6.
3.Are
clones
normal
healthy
animals?
Dolly
is,but
scientists
do
not
yet
know
whether
this
is
the
exception7
or
the
rule.Some
early
evidence
suggests
that
clones
may
have
health
problems
and
that
they
may
age
prematurely8.
4.Where
does
the
law
stand
on
live
human
clones?
In
the
UK,human
cloning
is
already
banned
by
law.President
Bill
Clinton
has
proposed
banning
research
into
producing
human
clones
in
the
US
for
five
years.Some
measures
have
also
been
made
to
establish
international
agreements.
美文翻译
克隆技术是新生物技术最具有吸引力的部分,也是就其价值引起最热烈讨论的部分。下面是有关克隆最常见问题的回答。
1.什么是克隆?
克隆是用从单个亲本的DNA复制细胞或整个动物,间接地正常再生产的过程。克隆有着和亲本相同的DNA。
2.克隆是如何创造出来的?
最常见的做法就是从一个细胞中提取出DNA,然后把它放在挖空的卵子里。用化学药品和电促使新的DNA和卵子合并,培育成一个胚胎。这一技术被称之为核迁移。
3.克隆出来的动物是正常健康的吗?
多莉是正常健康的,但是科学家还不知道这是否是个例外还是规律。一些早期的证据表明克隆可能产生健康问题,克隆的东西可能早衰。
4.人类克隆的法律依据在哪里?
在英国,法律禁止克隆人,在美国,克林顿总统建议禁止对克隆人的研究已经五年了。已采取措施建立起国际协定。
词海拾贝
1.biotechnology
[?baI??tek?n?l?d?I]
n.生物科技
2.bypass
[?baIp??s]
v.绕道而行
3.hollowed-out
[h?l??d?a?t]
adj.
挖空的
4.fuse
[fju?z]
v.
合并,融合
5.embryo
[?embri??]
n.
胚胎
6.transfer
[tr?s?f??(r)]
vi.
转换,迁移
7.exception
[Ik?sep?n]
n.例外
8.prematurely
[?prem?t??(r)lI]
adv.
过早地
难句剖析
1.Cloning
is
the
most
attractive
part
of
the
new
biotechnology
and
the
one
which
causes
the
most
heated
discussion
over
its
worth.
克隆是新生物技术最具吸引力的部分,也是就其价值引起最热烈讨论的部分。
本句中which
causes
the
most
heated
discussion
over
its
worth
为定语从句。
2.Some
early
evidence
suggests
that
clones
may
have
health
problems
and
that
they
may
age
prematurely.
一些早期的证据表明克隆可能产生健康问题,克隆的东西可能会早衰。
suggests后面是两个that引导的宾语从句,由句中的and连接。
理解诱思
1.What
is
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
2.What
is
most
states’
attitude
to
human
cloning?
答案:A
Brief
Introduction
to
Cloning/Answers
to
the
Most
Common
Questions
about
Cloning.
答案:Most
states
are
against
human
cloning.
Section
Ⅰ Welcome
to
the
unit
&
Reading
Pre-reading?
While-reading
Post-reading
一、写作词汇
语境考查:预习reading部分的词汇,完成下列小对话或语段。
1.—Can
you
give
us
an
(准确的)answer??
—Sorry,I
can’t.
2.—Her
illness
is
becoming
worse
by
(焦虑).?
—I’m
clear,but
I
don’t
know
how
to
deal
with
it.
3.—Is
his
girl
friend
a
(售货员)??
—As
far
as
I
know,she
is
a
typist.
4.—How
many
(山羊)are
raised
in
your
family??
—To
be
exact,ten.
5.—Look!What
are
the
farmers
doing
in
the
field?
—They
are
(收割)the
crops.?
exact
anxiety
saleswoman
goats
harvesting
Pre-reading?
While-reading
Post-reading
二、阅读词汇
预习reading部分的词汇,完成下列小短文。写出画线部分的汉语意思。
When
it
comes
to
cloning
1. ,different
opinions
will
appear.Some
scientists
think
it
can
produce
useful
human
tissues
2.
,such
as
bone
or
lung.It
will
do
good
to
us.What’s
more,it
can
advance
3.
our
technology.But
other
scientists
think
if
we
toy
with
4. nature
like
this,we
will
produce
a
real-life
monster
5.
one
day,which
will
lead
to
terrible
consequence
6.
to
our
human
beings.So
we
should
adopt
7.
this
advanced
technology
with
great
care.?
goats
(生物的)
组织
推进(发展)
玩弄
活生生的怪物
后果
采用
Pre-reading?
While-reading
Post-reading
三、阅读课文“The
perfect
copy”,选择正确答案
1.According
to
the
passage,which
of
the
following
is
WRONG?
A.The
scientist
who
created
Dolly
does
not
agree
with
the
idea
of
cloning
human
beings.
B.Cloning
can
be
used
to
cure
diseases
because
it
can
produce
new
tissues
and
organs.
C.Cloning
human
embryos
is
illegal
in
many
countries,so
none
of
the
scientists
want
to
clone
human
beings.
D.Severino
Antinori
is
for
cloning
human
beings,just
like
Faye
Wilson.
答案:C
Pre-reading?
While-reading
Post-reading
2.Who
is
against
cloning
human
beings?
A.Ian
Wilmut.
B.Severino
Antinori.
C.Faye
Wilson.
D.All
of
the
above.
3.Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
the
reason
against
cloning
human
beings?
A.It
may
produce
a
real-life
monster.
B.It
is
immoral.
C.It
may
cause
some
diseases.
D.It
costs
too
much.
答案:A
答案:D
Pre-reading?
While-reading
Post-reading
4.Which
of
the
following
is
TRUE
about
China
in
cloning?
A.Scientists
are
already
pushing
ahead
with
the
cloning
research
of
human
embryos.
B.Scientists
have
focused
their
efforts
not
only
on
cloning
animals,but
on
human
babies.
C.There
is
still
no
cloned
thing
in
China.
D.The
research
of
cloning
in
China
is
for
the
benefit
of
mankind.
5.Accordingly,we
can
infer
from
the
whole
passage
that
.?
A.cloning
nowadays
is
rather
perfect
B.there
is
much
possibility
for
the
coming
of
cloned
mankind
C.China
will
follow
the
steps
of
human
cloning
after
other
countries
D.most
people
are
for
the
cloning
of
human
being
答案:D
答案:B
Pre-reading?
While-reading
Post-reading
四、下面是课文“The
perfect
copy”原文的浓缩,仔细阅读并根据课文内容将其补充完整。
As
an
advanced
technology,cloning
can
be
used
to
produce
valuable
tissues
to
save
our
life,1.
some
people
think
that
if
we
toy
2.
nature
in
this
way,we
will
produce
a
monster
one
day.?
From
the
cloned
Dolly,we
can
know
cloning
may
lead
to
an
earlier
death
than
3.
and
it
may
also
cause
diseases.So
we
should
concentrate
our
research
efforts
4.
creating
new
tissues
and
organs
to
cure
diseases
like
cancers.We
mustn’t
clone
human
embryos,because
cloning
embryos
is
not
5.
in
many
countries,and
it
will
show
no
respect
6.
human
life.However,there
are
also
some
scientists
who
are
already
pushing
7.
with
research
in
order
to
produce
a
cloned
human
baby.?
but
with
normal
on
legal
for
ahead
Pre-reading?
While-reading
Post-reading
On
the
other
hand,cloning
is
also
of
great
value
to
the
women
8.
can’t
have
a
baby
and
don’t
want
to
9. someone
else’s
child,so
she
can
have
a
cloned
baby.?
In
China,scientists
have
focused
their
efforts
on
cloning
animals
and
have
10.
in
producing
clones
of
cows
and
goats.?
who
adopt
succeeded
1
On
the
one
hand,some
scientists
point
out
that
if
you
clone
an
embryo,you
can
produce
valuable
human
tissues—such
as
bone
or
lung
tissue—that
could
be
used
to
save
human
lives.On
the
other
hand...(Page
42)
一方面,一些科学家指出如果克隆人类胚胎,你就可以制造出宝贵的人体组织——如骨组织或肺组织——它们可以用来拯救人类的生命。另一方面……
★考点一:on
the
one
hand...on
the
other
hand...
一方面……另一方面……
①On
the
one
hand,I
admire
his
gifts,but
on
the
other
hand,I
distrust
his
judgement.
一方面,我很敬佩他的才华;但另一方面,我不相信他的判断。
②On
the
one
hand,he
wanted
to
stay
at
home
to
go
over
his
lessons;but
on
the
other
hand,he
didn’t
want
to
give
up
the
chance
to
watch
the
games.
一方面,他想待在家里复习功课;另一方面,他又不想放弃看比赛的机会。
考点延伸?
③—Why
don’t
you
get
a
car?
——你为什么不买辆车?
—For
one
thing,I
can’t
drive,for
another,I
can’t
afford
one.
——一方面我不会开车,另一方面我买不起。
④To
say
is
one
thing,to
do
is
another
thing.
说是一回事,做是另一回事。
on
the
one
hand...on
the
other
hand...连接两个并列句,意思是“一方面……另一方面……”。表达相矛盾的两个方面。而for
one
thing...for
another...,用于表示两个相对应的观点或事实。
on
the
one
hand中的the
可以省略;on
(the)
one
hand
和on
the
other
hand成对出现时,第二个hand可以省略。
...is
one
thing,...is
another(thing)意思为“……是一回事,……是另一回事”。
★考点二:point
out
指出
⑤If
there
are
some
mistakes
in
the
article,please
point
them
out.
如果文章里面有错误,请指出来。
⑥She
tried
to
point
out
to
him
the
unfairness
of
his
actions,but
in
vain.
她试图向他指出他的做法不公正,但无济于事。
⑦I
should
point
out
that
none
of
these
paintings
is
original.
我应当指出,这些画中没有一幅是真迹。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳句中point构成的短语及含义
⑧It
is
rude
to
point
your
finger
at
others.
对人指指点点是不礼貌的。
短语: ?
含义: ?
⑨The
needle
of
a
compass
always
points
to/towards
the
north.
罗盘的针永远指向北。
短语: ?
含义: ?
point...at...
把……指向……
point
to/towards
指向……
point
out/point
to/point
at
point
out“指出,指明”,后接名词或从句。
point
to“指向”,一般用于较远的事物,侧重方向性,也可表示“表明,显示”,不可分开用。
point
at意为“指着,瞄准”,指具体的东西,可以分开用,用于“point
sth.at
sth.”结构中。
to
the
point
中肯;切题
off
the
point
不切题;离题
There
is
no
point
in
doing
sth.做……没有意义
be
on
the
point
of
doing...when...正要干……这时……
2
Although
he
researches
cloning,his
intention
has
never
been
to
create
copies
of
humans.(Page
42)
虽然他研究克隆,但他的目的并不是创造人类的复制品。
★考点:intention
n.意图,目的;企图
①The
inspector
waved
his
arms
to
express
his
intention
to
continue
the
inspection.
视察者挥手表示继续视察的意图。
②Patient
as
he
was,he
had
no
intention
of
waiting
for
three
hours.
尽管他很耐心,但也没打算等三个小时。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳句子中有关intention的短语及含义
③I
began
reading
with
the
intention
of
finishing
the
book,but
I
never
did.
我开始读这本书时想读完,可是我从来就没把它读完过。
短语:
?
含义:
?
④He
had
no
intention
of
hurting
you
in
the
quarrel.
那次争吵他无意伤害你的。
短语:
?
含义:
?
with
the
intention
of
打算……,怀着……目的
have
no
intention
of
无意……,没打算……
⑤But
Oshbot,like
other
social
robots,is
not
intended
to
replace
workers,...
但是,Oshbot就像其他的社交机器人一样,不是为了取代工人。
短语:
?
含义:
?
⑥I
don’t
think
the
film
is
intended
for
children.
我觉得这部电影不适合儿童看。
短语:
?
含义:
?
⑦What
do
you
intend
to
do
when
you
leave
college?
你毕业后打算干什么?
短语:
?
含义:
?
be
intended
to
意在……,打算……
be
intended
for
为……打算(设计)
intend
to
do
sth.
打算做……
with
the
intention
of...打算……,怀着……目的
have
no
intention
of
无意……,没打算……
without
intention
无意地
with
good
intentions
好心好意地
intend
to
do...打算干……,意在干……
intend
doing
sth.打算干……,意在干……
be
intended
for
为……而打算/设计
be
intended
to
do
目的是;为了
3
Even
though
human
cloning
is
causing
a
lot
of
anxiety,it
is
good
news
for
Faye
Wilson,a
41-year-old
saleswoman
who
cannot
have
a
baby.(Page
42)
尽管克隆人类引起了许多焦虑,但对41岁无法生育的女售货员费伊·威尔逊来说却是好消息。
★考点:anxiety
n.忧虑,焦虑,不安
①...what
were
seemingly
able
to
have
is
the
niggling
suffering,the
anxiety
we
feel.
表面上我们所拥有的是琐碎的苦楚和感觉到的忧虑。
②As
his
confidence
in
his
work
increased,his
anxieties
about
it
decreased.
随着工作信心的增加,他对工作的担心减少了。
③He
expressed
his
anxiety
for
his
son’s
safety.
他表达了对儿子安全的担心。
考点延伸?
1)阅读下列句子,指出句中黑体部分的词性及含义
④You
will
be
anxious
if
you
set
out
for
a
dinner
late.
如果你做饭晚了,你就会感到焦急的。
词性: ?
含义: ?
⑤Everyone
is
waiting
anxiously
for
the
doctor.
每个人都在焦急地等着医生。
词性: ?
含义: ?
形容词
焦急的
副词
焦急地
2)阅读下列句子,归纳句中有关anxious的短语及含义
⑥The
students
were
anxious
to
wait
for
the
result
of
the
exam.
学生们都在焦急地等待考试结果。
短语: ?
含义: ?
⑦She
is
still
absent.I’m
anxious
about
her.
她依然缺课,我实在是为她担心。
短语: ?
含义: ?
⑧We
are
anxious
for
your
safe
return.
我们盼望你安全归来。
短语: ?
含义: ?
be
anxious
to
do..
焦急地做……
be
anxious
about...
对……担心
be
anxious
for...
渴望……
⑨She
was
anxious
for
him
to
come
with
her.=She
was
anxious
that
he
(should)
come
with
her.
她渴望他能与她同行。
短语: ?
含义: ?
be
anxious
for
sb.to
do
sth.
渴望某人做某事
in
great
anxiety
非常担心
with
great
anxiety
焦急地
be
anxious
for...渴望……,盼望……
be
anxious
to
do...渴望做……
be
anxious
for
sb.to
do...渴望某人做……
be
anxious
that...(should)
do
sth.渴望……
4
I
don’t
want
to
adopt
someone
else’s
child...(Page
42)
我不想领养别人的孩子……
★考点:adopt
vt.收养,领养;采用,采纳
①Many
childless
couples
adopt
children.
许多无子女的夫妇都收养孩子。
②In
recent
years,however,young
upper
middle-class
people
in
London,have
begun
to
adopt
regional
accents,in
order
to
hide
their
class
origins.
为了不暴露阶层身份,然而近年来伦敦的比较高级的中产阶层年轻人已经开始使用地方口音。
③After
much
consideration,the
manager
decided
to
adopt
her
suggestion.
经理经过再三考虑,决定采纳她的建议。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出黑体部分的词性及含义
④The
adopted
child
was
well
educated
in
the
family.
这个被收养的孩子在这个家庭中受到了良好的教育。
词性: ?
含义: ?
⑤We
argued
her
into
the
adoption
of
the
plan.
我们说服她采纳了这项计划。
词性: ?
含义: ?
⑥He
was
brought
up
by
adoptive
parents
in
London.
他由养父母在伦敦抚养长大。
词性: ?
含义: ?
形容词
被收养的
名词
采纳
形容词
收养的
adopt
采纳,收养
adapt
编写,适应(用)
They
adopt
new
techniques
in
raising
sheep.
他们采用新的养羊技术。
Mr
Kern
adopted
the
orphan
as
his
own
son.
克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。
She
adapted
(herself)
quickly
to
the
new
climate.
她很快地适应了这种新的气候。
The
author
is
going
to
adapt
his
play
for
TV
series.
作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。
5
...if
I
had
the
chance,I
would
have
a
cloned
baby
right
now.(Page
42)
……如果我有这个机会,我会立刻要一个克隆婴儿。
If
I
had
the
chance,I
would
clone
her
immediately
so
that
I
could
be
with
her
again.(Page
43)
如果我有机会,我会立刻克隆出她来,这样我就能够重新和她在一起了。
★考点:与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,if条件句用一般过去式,主句用would/could/might/should+动词原形。
①If
I
were
you,I
wouldn’t
do
it.
如果我是你,我就不做那事。
②We
would
be
back
in
the
hotel
now
if
you
didn’t
lose
the
map.
如果你没丢那张地图的话,我们现在就回到宾馆了。
考点延伸?
1)与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,虚拟条件句用过去完成时,主句用should/would/could/might+have+过去分词。
③If
I
hadn’t
seen
it
with
my
own
eyes,I
wouldn’t
have
believed
it.
如果不是我亲眼看到,我不会相信。
④If
you
had
attended
the
lecture,you
would
have
known
how
to
write
the
composition.
如果你听了讲座,你就知道作文该怎么写了。
2)与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,if条件句用过去时或should/were
to+动词原形。主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形。
⑤If
it
should
rain,the
crops
could
be
saved.
如果下雨,庄稼可能有救。
⑥If
it
snowed/were
to
snow/should
snow
tomorrow,we
should
take
photos.
如果明天下雪,我们就照相。
6
...some
scientists
are
already
pushing
ahead
with
research
in
order
to
produce
a
cloned
human
baby.(Page
42)
……但一些科学家正在加紧研究,以制造出克隆的人类婴儿。
★考点:push
ahead
with
义无反顾地进行,努力推进
①The
government
intends
to
push
ahead
with
its
reform
plans.
政府准备努力推进它的改革计划。
②Whatever
happens,we
must
push
ahead
with
our
plans
to
increase
production.
无论发生什么情况,我们都必须推行我们的增产计划。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳push构成的短语及含义
③We
pushed
through
the
crowd
to
see
what
had
happened.
我们从人群挤过,看看发生了什么。
短语: ?
含义: ?
④People
standing
by
were
roughly
pushed
aside.
站在旁边的人被粗暴地推开。
短语: ?
含义:
?
push
through
从……挤过
push
aside
把……推到一边,推开
⑤We
are
late;we
must
push
on.
我们晚了,必须赶紧走。
短语: ?
含义: ?
⑥The
big
tree
was
pushed
over
by
the
wind.
风把这棵大树刮倒了。
短语: ?
含义: ?
⑦The
teacher
pushed
me
into
taking
part
in
the
competition.
老师鼓励我参加比赛。
短语:
?
含义:
?
push
on
匆匆向前
push
over
推倒,刮倒
push
sb.into
doing
sth.
劝说(逼迫)某人做某事
push
ahead
with
努力推进
push
through
从……挤过
push...aside
推开,挤开
push
on
匆匆向前
push
over
推倒,推开
push
sb.into
doing
sth.劝说(逼迫)某人做某事
7
If
we
toy
with
nature,we
will
have
to
deal
with
the
consequences.(Page
43)
如果我们轻率地对待自然,我们将不得不应付后果。
★考点:consequence
n.
结果,后果
①Nobody
can
tell
what
the
consequences
may
be.
没有人能说出结果可能是什么。
②All
around
the
world,we
can
see
the
consequence
of
this
throwaway
lifestyle.
在世界各地,我们能看到乱扔东西这一生活方式的后果。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳句中有关consequence构成的短语及含义
③He
studied
hard,and
in
consequence
he
passed
the
exam.
他学习很努力,因此通过了考试。
短语: ?
含义: ?
④As
a
consequence
of
smoking,my
father
coughs
frequently.
由于吸烟的缘故,我父亲经常咳嗽。
短语: ?
含义: ?
in
consequence
结果,因此
as
a
consequence
of
由于……的原因(缘故)
⑤You
have
to
take
the
consequences
of
the
accident.
你必须承担这次事故的责任。
短语:
?
含义: ?
⑥Is
it
be
of
any
consequence
to
you?
这对你很重要吗?
短语: ?
含义: ?
take
the
consequences
of...
承担……后果(责任)
be
of
consequence
重要
in
consequence=as
a
consequence=as
a
result
结果;因此
take
the
consequences
of
承担……的后果
in
consequence
of=as
a
consequence
of=as
a
result
of
由于;因为……的缘故
be
of
consequence
重要
consequently
adv.
因此,结果
8
Human
life
would
just
become
a
crop
to
be
harvested
or
a
product
for
sale.(Page
43)
人类的生命将仅仅是一种供收割的庄稼或只是一个供买卖的产品而已。
★考点一:harvest
vi.&
vt.收割(庄稼) n.收获,收成
①The
farmers
were
still
harvesting
their
crops
in
spite
of
the
rain.
尽管下雨,农民仍在收割庄稼。
②In
my
hometown,there
is
always
a
harvest
supper
for
the
farmers
after
all
the
wheat
has
been
cut.
在我的家乡,麦子丰收过后,农民会有一个庆祝丰收的晚餐。
good
harvest丰收;好收成;高产
harvest
time收获季节;收割期
a
rich
harvest
of
knowledge
丰富的知识
a
big
harvest
大丰收
harvest/get
in
crops
收割庄稼
★考点二:sale
n.出售;销售
③Researchers
in
Britain
found
that
when
French
music
was
played,sales
of
French
wine
went
up.
英国的研究者发现,当播放法国音乐时,法国葡萄酒的销售量就会上涨。
④The
house
for
sale
is
at
such
a
high
price
that
we
can’t
afford
it.
那座待售的房子价格太高,我们买不起。
考点延伸?
on
sale
指东西正在“出售”或“上市”,也可指“廉价出售,甩卖”。
for
sale
指“待售”。
There
are
some
nice
apples
on
sale
in
that
shop.
那家商店有些很好的苹果出售。
The
book
will
be
on
sale
next
month.
这本书将于下个月上市。
There
is
an
apartment
for
sale
in
the
new
living
area.
新小区有一套待售的公寓。
9
I
think
the
scientific
advances
mentioned
in
your
article
are
fantastic!(Page
43)
我认为你们文中所提到的科学进展十分神奇。
★考点:advance
n.进步;前进;预先
①We
live
in
an
age
of
rapid
technological
advance.
我们生活在技术迅猛发展的时代。
②They
cut
off
the
road
to
stop
the
enemy’s
advance.
他们切断了这条路来阻止敌人的前进。
③To
catch
the
early
flight,we
ordered
a
taxi
in
advance
and
got
up
early.
为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前叫了出租车并起得很早。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出黑体部分的词性及含义
④Chemical
fertilizers
advance
the
growth
of
crops.
化肥促进庄稼生长。
词性: 含义: ?
⑤The
date
of
the
trial
has
been
advanced
by
one
week.
审判日期提前了一星期。
词性: 含义: ?
⑥He
is
an
advanced
worker;we
should
learn
from
him.
他是一名先进工作者,我们应向他学习。
词性: ?
含义: ?
动词
促进
动词
提前
形容词
先进的
⑦He
is
teaching
himself
advanced
maths.
他正自学高等数学。
词性: ?
含义: ?
⑧I
have
received
an
advance
payment.
我已收到一笔预付款。
词性: ?
含义: ?
形容词
高级的
形容词
事先的,预先的
advance
along(towards)...沿(朝)着……前行(进)
advanced
adj.
先进的,高级的;晚期的
advanced
technology先进技术
advanced
course高级课程
advanced
English高级英语
10
After
all,scientists
have
been
challenging
moral
ideas
for
centuries.(Page
43)
毕竟,科学家们挑战道德观念已有数百年了。
★考点:after
all
毕竟;终究;最终
①He
is
a
child
after
all.Don’t
quarrel
with
him.
他毕竟是个孩子,不要和他争吵。
②I
wonder
how
Mary
has
kept
her
figure
after
all
these
years.
我好奇玛丽这些年究竟是怎么保持身材的。
③After
all,many
older
people
don’t
begin
to
experience
physical
and
mental
decline
until
after
age
75.
别忘了,很多老年人直到75岁后才开始经历身体和精神方面的衰退。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳句中有关all的短语及含义
④If
you
want
to
succeed,above
all,you
must
believe
in
yourself.
如果你想成功,尤其重要的是你一定要自信。
短语: ?
含义: ?
⑤How
many
people
were
there
in
all
at
the
party?
出席聚会的共有多少人?
短语: ?
含义: ?
above
all
尤其重要的是
in
all
总共
⑥All
in
all,her
mother
and
I
are
very
happy
with
her
progress.
总而言之,我和她妈妈看到她的进步很高兴。
短语: ?
含义: ?
⑦First
of
all,we
should
get
rid
of
fear
from
our
mind.
首先,我们应先消除我们内心的恐惧。
短语: ?
含义: ?
all
in
all
总而言之
first
of
all
首先
after
all毕竟;终究;别忘了
above
all
尤其重要的是
in
all总共
all
in
all总而言之
first
of
all
首先
11
On
a
personal
note,cloning
would
totally
transform
my
life.(Page
43)
就我个人而言,克隆将彻底改变我的生活。
★考点一:on
a
personal
note
就个人而言
①On
a
personal
note,I
am
very
lucky
that
I
have
been
getting
along
well
with
my
parents.
就个人而言,我很幸运自己与父母一直相处融洽。
考点延伸?
②As
for
me,I’m
in
favour
of
the
plan.
就我个人而言,我支持这一计划。
③In
terms
of
ability,he
is
fit
for
the
job.
就能力而言,他能胜任这一工作。
④I
have
nothing
to
say
in
regard
to
your
complaints.
就你的投诉而言,我无可奉告。
⑤As
far
as
I’m
concerned,Tom
should
go
to
America
for
further
study
next
year.
我个人认为,汤姆明年应该去美国深造。
on
a
personal
note
就个人而言
as
for/to
sb./sth.
就……而言
in
terms
of
就……而言
in
regard
to
就……而言
as
far
as
sb.is
concerned
某人认为,就……看来
★考点二:transform
vt.
使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向);使改变形态
⑥A
little
paint
will
soon
transform
this
old
bike.
稍微油漆一下,这辆旧自行车很快就能旧貌换新颜。
⑦They
believe
that
with
their
efforts
they
can
transform
a
desert
into
a
garden.
他们认为,在他们的努力下沙漠能变成花园。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,写出黑体部分的词性及含义
⑧In
recent
years
the
film
industry
has
experienced
a
complete
transformation.
近年来,电影业经历了彻底的改变。
词性: ?
含义: ?
⑨If
you
switch
off
the
transformer,the
buzzing
will
stop.
如果你关掉变压器,嗡嗡声就会消失。
词性: ?
含义: ?
⑩We
are
on
an
important
transformable
age.
我们正处在一个重要的转型时代。
词性: ?
含义: ?
名词
改变
名词
变压器
形容词
转变的
transform
强调外观和特征的完全改变
shift
强调位置和方向的改变
transfer
移交;转移。强调从一处转移到另一处(共23张PPT)
Section
Ⅱ Word
power
&
Grammar
and
usage
Past
participle
一、指出画线部分在句中的成分
1.If
I
had
a
chance,I
would
have
a
cloned
baby.( )?
2.I
think
the
scientific
advances
mentioned
in
your
article
are
interesting.( )?
3.After
the
robbery,they
found
the
front
windows
broken.( )?
4.I
think
it’s
good
to
do
a
job
that
you
are
interested
in.Otherwise
you
will
get
bored.( )
5.Asked
about
it,he
kept
silent.( )?
6.Blamed
by
his
teacher,he
felt
very
sad.( )?
7.Given
more
attention,the
trees
would
have
grown
taller.( )?
定语
后置定语
宾语补足语
表语
时间状语
原因状语
条件状语
8.The
computer
center,opened
last
year,is
very
popular
among
the
students
in
this
school.( )?
9.Given
a
such
good
job,why
did
you
apply
for
such
an
ordinary
job?( )?
10.When
I
passed
by
the
office,I
found
our
Professor
Wang
seated
himself
in
his
office,devoted
to
making
preparations
for
his
lessons.( )?
后置定语
让步状语
伴随状语
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. (enter)his
house,he
immediately
sensed
something
unusual.?
2. (question)why
he
was
absent
from
class,the
student
kept
silent
with
his
head
dropping.?
3. (not
know)how
to
work
out
the
maths
problem,he
turned
to
his
teacher
for
help.?
4. (train)in
a
proper
way
many
times,they
won
the
match,defeating
the
team
from
America
by
3∶0.?
5. (consider)in
another
way,the
problem
is
easy
to
work
out.
Entering
Questioned
Not
knowing
Trained
Considered
6.Time
(permit),we
will
go
there
to
pay
a
visit
to
you
and
your
friend
tomorrow.?
7.I
sent
an
e-mail
to
a
friend
of
America, (hope)to
get
more
information
of
studying
abroad.?
8.He
stood
there, (lose)in
thoughts.?
9. (compare)with
you,we
have
a
long
way
to
go,so
we
should
try
our
best
to
catch
up
with
you.?
10. (judge)from
what
he
did
and
said,he
may
be
from
America
and
be
a
teacher.
permitting
hoping
lost
Compared
Judging
三、用过去分词完成下列句子
1.China
is
a
developing
country
while
America
is
a
(发达国家).?
2.I
often
hear
the
song
(用法语唱).?
3. (给多点时间),I
would
do
it
even
better.?
4. (出生在贫穷家庭),he
had
to
work
hard
to
make
a
living.?
5. (尽管被击败很多次),they
continued
to
fight.?
developed
country
sung
in
French
Given
more
time
Born
in
a
poor
family
Defeated
many
times
6.The
teacher
entered
the
classroom, (后面跟着一群学生).?
7. (从山顶看),the
park
is
very
beautiful.?
8. (总的考虑起来),it
is
worth
doing.?
9.Do
you
know
the
language
(在加拿大讲)??
10.The
little
boy
was
(吓得不敢动).?
followed
by
a
group
of
students
Seen
from
the
top
of
the
hill
All
things
considered
spoken
in
Canada
too
frightened
to
move
过去分词
★考点一:基本概念
过去分词是动词的一种非谓语动词形式,过去分词所表示的是一个被动的动作或是已完成的动作,相当于一个副词或形容词。
★考点二:句法功能
1.做定语
单个过去分词做定语时,要放在所修饰词的前面,过去分词短语做定语时,要放在被修饰词的后面,其作用相当于一个定语从句。
He
threw
away
the
broken
cup.
他扔掉了那个破杯子。
Most
of
the
artists
invited
to
the
party
were
from
South
Africa.
被邀请参加聚会的大多数艺术家来自南非。
Amie
Salmon,disabled,is
attended
throughout
her
school
days
by
a
nurse
appointed
to
guard
her.
Amie
Salmon是个残疾人,在他的学业生涯中,有一个指定的专门的护士来照顾她上学。
考点延伸?
1)过去分词在修饰something,anything,everything,nothing,anybody,somebody,nobody,everybody和those等不定代词时,要放在这些词的后面。
There
was
nothing
left
on
the
plate.
盘子里没有剩下的东西。
Those
invited
to
the
party
were
all
her
classmates.
应邀来参加晚会的都是她的同学。
2)及物动词的过去分词做定语时,表示一个被动并且完成的动作;不及物动词的过去分词做定语时只表示一个完成的动作。
When
we
saw
the
road
blocked
with
snow,we
decided
to
spend
the
holiday
at
home.
当我们看到被雪封堵的那条路时,我们决定在家度过这个假期。
After
the
big
storm,there
were
lots
of
fallen
leaves
on
the
streets.
暴风雨过后,街上有很多落叶。
2.做表语
过去分词做表语,表示主语所处的状态,除用在系动词be后,还可以用于get,become,look,sound,feel,remain,stay等词后。下列是形容词化的过去分词:delighted,frightened,discouraged,astonished,amused,disappointed,interested,tired,crowded,satisfied,pleased,surprised,worried,excited,married,puzzled等。
While
waiting
for
the
opportunity
to
get
promoted,Henry
did
his
best
to
perform
his
duty.
在等待机会被提拔期间,亨利努力履行好自己的职责。
For
those
with
family
members
far
away,the
personal
computer
and
the
phone
are
important
in
staying
connected.
对于那些与家人相隔遥远的人来说,电脑和电话在(他们与家人之间)保持联系方面起着重要的作用。
考点延伸?
被动语态和系表结构的不同
1)被动语态侧重动作,可用“by
短语”提示出动作的执行者;系表结构侧重状态,一般不接“by
短语”。
I
was
injured
in
the
right
knee
by
a
falling
stone.(被动语态)
我的右膝盖被滚落的石头弄伤了。
I’m
injured
in
the
right
knee.(系表结构)
我伤着了右膝盖。
2)被动语态使用的时态范围较广;系表结构一般只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
3)被动语态中的过去分词可用副词much修饰;系表结构中的过去分词可被very修饰。
He
was
much
excited
by
the
news
yesterday.(被动语态)
昨天的新闻让他很兴奋。
He
was
very
excited
all
day
yesterday.(系表结构)
他昨天一天都很兴奋。
4)被动语态含有被动意义;系表结构含有主动意义。
The
ballet
dancer
was
warmly
welcomed
by
the
people.(被动语态)
那个芭蕾舞者很受人们的欢迎。
The
girl
is
devoted
to
the
cause
of
ballet.(系表结构)
那女孩致力于芭蕾舞事业。
3.做宾语补足语
过去分词做宾语补足语时,常用在hear,notice,watch,keep,find,get,have,feel等动词后与宾语构成复合宾语,用来说明句子的宾语的情况。
The
little
boy
saw
the
dog
killed.
这个小男孩看到狗被杀死了。
When
I
returned,I
found
my
bag
gone.
当我回来时,我发现我的包不见了。
考点延伸?
现在分词、过去分词和不定式做宾语补足语的区别。现在分词表主动或正在进行,过去分词表被动或完成,动词原形表主动和完成。
I
heard
the
baby
crying
when
I
passed
by.
我从旁边经过时,听到婴儿在哭。
The
manager
was
satisfied
to
see
many
new
products
developed
after
great
effort.
在做出巨大努力之后,看到很多新产品被研发出来,经理很满意。
I’d
like
to
have
Tom
go
there
with
me.
我希望汤姆和我一起去那里。
4.做状语
过去分词做状语时,与句子的主语构成被动关系。可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随。
1)做时间状语
Told
that
his
mother
was
ill,Li
Lei
hurried
home
quickly.
当李蕾得知母亲生病了,马上赶回了家。
Seen
from
the
moon,the
earth
looks
green.
从月球上看时,地球是绿色。
2)做原因状语
Born
in
the
poorest
area
of
Glasgow,he
had
a
long,hard
road
to
becoming
a
football
star.
他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大,要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。
Broken
down
on
the
highway,his
car
was
carried
away
by
the
police.
由于他的车在高速公路上坏了,于是被警察拖走了。
3)做条件状语
Given
a
few
minutes,I’ll
finish
it.
再给几分钟的时间,我就会完成了。
United
we
will
stand;divided
we
will
fall.
团结就是胜利;分裂必然失败。
4)做结果状语
The
cup
fell
down
to
the
ground,broken.
茶杯掉到了地上,摔碎了。
He
fell
off
a
tree,his
leg
broken.
他从树上摔了下来,腿摔断了。
5)做让步状语
Explained
a
hundred
times,he
still
can’t
understand
it.
即使给他解释一百遍,他还是不会明白。
Trained
ten
hours
a
day,he
will
still
be
a
fool.
即使每天训练十个小时,他也还会是个傻瓜。
6)做方式或伴随状语
He
began
to
cry
as
if
bitten
by
a
snake.
他大叫起来,好像被蛇咬了。
Aunt
Wu
came
in,followed
by
her
daughter.
吴阿姨走进来,(她)后面跟着她的女儿。
考点延伸?
1)过去分词做状语时,分词动作的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。若分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,应用完整的状语从句或把分词的逻辑主语直接放在分词的前面,即构成独立主格结构。
Everything
considered,your
composition
is
better
than
his.
各方面考虑起来,你的作文比他的好。
Much
time
spent
sitting
at
a
desk,office
workers
are
generally
troubled
by
health
problems.
上班族们坐在办公桌前太久,一般会受到健康问题的困扰。
2)过去分词做状语时,可以用连词引导,这时的分词用一般式。
Children,when
companied
by
their
parents,are
allowed
to
enter
the
stadium.
有家长陪同的孩子们才准许进入体育馆。
3)过去分词的一般式表示被动和完成的动作,但有些动词的过去分词并不表被动意义,只表示一种状态或动作的完成。
Faced
with
so
much
difficulty,we
failed
to
complete
the
task
on
time.
面临这么多困难,我们没有按时完成任务。
Dressed
well,she
went
to
the
party.
打扮好后,她去参加晚会了。
4)有些分词在句中做状语时,其结构固定,必须用一种形式。这些固定结构有:compared
with,judging
by(from),suppose/supposing,provided/providing,generally
speaking,to
be
honest,to
tell
the
truth,believe
it
or
not等。
Compared
with
the
advanced
countries,China
has
a
long
way
to
go.
同发达的国家相比,中国还有很长的路要走。
Provided
you
help
me,I
will
lend
you
money.
假设你帮助我,我会借给你钱。
5.过去分词和现在分词的区别
1)语态上的不同
现在分词表示主动的意思,过去分词表示被动的意思。
I
heard
someone
opening
the
door.
我听见有人开门。
I
heard
the
door
opened.
我听见门被打开了。
a
moving
film一部感人的影片
the
moved
audience被感动的观众
2)时间关系上的不同
一般来说,现在分词所表示的动作正在进行,而过去分词所表示的动作往往已经完成。
developing
countries发展中国家
developed
countries发达国家
3)表示的语意不同
多数现在分词的汉语可译为“使人……”或“令人……”;用来说明事或物的性质;而过去分词的含义为“感到……”,说明人的感觉。
The
story
is
interesting.
这个故事真有意思。
The
boy
is
interested
in
physics.
这个男孩对物理感兴趣。
moving令人感动的
moved受到感动的
frightening令人害怕的
frightened感到害怕的
tiring令人厌烦的
tired感到厌烦的
inspiring令人鼓舞的
inspired感到鼓舞的
amusing令人愉快的
amused
感到有趣的
amazing
令人惊讶的
amazed
感到惊讶的
surprising
令人惊奇的
surprised
感到惊奇的
exciting
令人激动的
excited
感到激动的
boring
使人厌烦的
bored
感到厌烦的
disappointing
令人失望的
disappointed
感到失望的
astonishing
令人惊讶的
astonished感到惊讶的
discouraging
令人沮丧的
discouraged
感到沮丧的
记住下列同样用法的分词:(共80张PPT)
Section
Ⅲ Task
&
Project
一、写作词汇
语境考查:预习Task
&
Project部分的词汇,完成下列小对话或语段。
1.—How
will
you
deal
with
the
(关系)with
the
customer??
—Well,I
will
phone
him
to
make
an
apology.
2.—Do
you
know
how
many
people
died
of
(饥饿)in
1958??
—Sorry,I
have
no
idea.
3.—Is
her
father
an
(普通的)soldier??
—No,he
is
a
general.
4.—How
much
is
your
(收入)a
month??
—About
$500.
relation
hunger
ordinary
income
5.—How
about
the
pizza
my
mother
made
for
you?
—Oh,it
is
very
(可口的)and
I
like
it
very
much.?
6.Many
people
are
in
(支持)of
the
project.But
in
my
(判断),it
will
cause
serious
pollution
to
the
living
environment,though
it
may
bring
in
great
(收益)at
present.So
we
should
take
it
into
(考虑)with
great
care
before
it
is
put
into
practice.?
tasty
favour
judgment
profit
consideration
二、阅读词汇
预习reading部分的词汇,完成下列小短文。写出画线部分的汉语意思。
With
the
development
of
the
genetically
modified
food
1. ,more
and
more
people
are
worried
about
the
safety
of
food.Some
think
the
technology
benefits
our
human
beings,while
others
think
it
frightens
2. us.As
we
all
know,the
study
of
GM
food
aims
to
advance
the
agriculture
3. ,and
to
make
much
healthier
food.But
in
actual
4.
fact,people
come
to
realize
the
GM
food
lacks
nutrition
5. and
does
harm
to
our
health.Whether
the
GM
food
is
reliable
6.
or
not
remains
to
be
confirmed.7. .?
转基因食品
使害怕
农业
实际的
营养
可靠的
证实
三、阅读下列句子,翻译画线短语意思
1.If
you
keep
on
working
like
this,you
will
get
burnt
out
soon. ?
2.We
mustn’t
blindly
follow
in
the
footsteps
of
the
foreign
practice. ?
3.Of
course,we
also
have
to
take
our
lifestyles
into
consideration. ?
4.On
the
whole,I’m
in
favour
of
the
proposal. ?
5.I
would
say,in
summary,
that
the
campaign
has
been
a
great
success. ?
6.From
my
point
of
view,
teachers
are
not
well
paid. ?
7.As
to
ability,I
think
he
is
fit
for
the
job. ?
累垮的
效仿
认真考虑
支持
总之
以我之见
就……而言
四、阅读课文“Man
and
nature”,选择正确答案
1.According
to
the
passage,in
what
ways
are
we
destroying
nature?
A.Overdeveloping
the
Earth’s
resources.
B.Constructing
new
water
channels.
C.Creating
pollution
with
chemical
waste.
D.All
of
the
above.
2.Which
is
the
best
understanding
of
our
relationship
with
nature?
A.People
should
enjoy
healthy
and
happy
lives
without
damaging
the
environment.
B.We
should
put
environment
in
the
first
place.
C.It
is
wrong
to
destroy
rainforest.
D.Man
will
win
and
nature
will
lose
eventually.
答案:A
答案:D
3.Which
of
the
following
statements
is
TRUE
according
to
the
passage?
A.It
is
necessary
for
the
developed
countries
to
think
more
about
the
environmental
protection.
B.The
developing
countries
needn’t
think
about
the
environment
for
its
economic
development.
C.It’s
mankind’s
responsibility
to
find
solutions
beneficial
to
everyone.
D.Humans
can
only
really
win
by
protecting
nature.
答案:D
4.What
is
the
possible
result
of
human
beings
if
we
continue
to
develop
at
the
cost
of
nature
in
your
opinion?
A.Men
will
become
the
real
winners
on
the
Earth.
B.People’s
economic
life
will
become
better
and
better.
C.Men
will
die
out
as
the
result
of
destroying
nature.
D.There
will
be
no
existence
of
our
Earth.
答案:C
1
...but
this
does
not
mean
that
we
should
follow
in
their
footsteps.(Page
56)
……但这并不意味着我们应该效仿他们。
★考点:follow
in
one’s
footsteps
效仿某人
①We
should
take
our
own
road
and
mustn’t
follow
in
the
footsteps
of
the
western
styles
of
development.
我们应走自己的路,决不效仿西方的发展模式。
②Though
his
father
is
successful
in
his
business,he
doesn’t
want
to
follow
in
his
footsteps.
尽管他父亲生意很成功,但他不想继承父亲的事业。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,归纳句中有关follow构成的短语及含义
③Lei
Feng
served
people
heart
and
soul;we
should
follow
his
example.
雷锋全心全意为人民服务,我们应以他为榜样。
短语:
?
含义:
?
④Everything
will
go
right
with
you
if
you
follow
doctor’s
advice.
如果你听从医生建议的话,一切都会好的。
短语: ?
含义: ?
follow
one’s
example
以某人为榜样,效仿某人
follow
one’s
advice
听从某人的建议
⑤I’m
quitting
my
job
and
I’m
going
to
follow
my
heart.
我准备辞去工作,做自己想做的事情。
短语: ?
含义: ?
⑥The
full
text
reads
as
follows.
全文如下。
短语: ?
含义: ?
follow
one’s
heart
随心所愿
as
follows
……如下
follow
in
one’s
footsteps
效仿某人
follow
one’s
example
以某人为榜样
follow
one’s
advice
听从某人的建议
follow
one’s
heart
随心所愿
follow
one’s
instructions
按照某人的指示
as
follows
……如下
2
I
am
sure
that
if
you
conducted
a
survey
among
UK
citizens,it
would
show
that
the
majority
of
people
would
not
support
this
type
of
scientific
research.(Page
56)
我相信,要是您在英国公民中做个调查,结果将表明大多数人不会支持这类科学研究。
★考点一:conduct
vt.
实施;指挥乐队
①The
police
officers
decided
to
conduct
a
thorough
and
comprehensive
review
of
the
case.
警官们决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。
②If
you
wait
to
conduct
a
survey,the
customers’
response
may
be
less
accurate.
如果你过一阵子再做调查,客户的反馈或许就不会那么精准。
③My
first
attempt
to
conduct
a
great
music
work
turned
out
to
be
a
success.
我第一次指挥伟大音乐作品的尝试被证明是成功的。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的词性及含义
④Who
is
in
charge
of
the
conduct
of
the
school?
谁负责这家学校的管理?
词性: 含义: ?
⑤As
we
all
know,he
is
a
person
of
good
conduct.
众所周知,他是一个品行端正的人。
词性: 含义: ?
⑥My
wife
is
a
conductor
in
the
bus
company.
我妻子是一家公交公司的一名售票员。
词性: 含义: ?
名词
管理
名词
品行,举止
名词
售票员
bad
(good)
conduct
品行不端(端正)
violent
conduct
暴力行为
conduct
sb.over/around
a
factory
领人参观工厂
conduct
oneself
well/badly(行为)表现好/不好
★考点二:majority
n.多数,大多数
⑦I
may
choose
to
give
it
up
and
respect
the
opinion
of
the
majority.
我可能选择放弃,尊重大多数人的意见。
⑧The
majority
of
the
damage
is
easy
to
repair.
大部分损害容易弥补。
⑨The
majority
agree(s)
with
me.
大多数人都同意我的意见。
★考点二:majority
n.多数,大多数
⑦I
may
choose
to
give
it
up
and
respect
the
opinion
of
the
majority.
我可能选择放弃,尊重大多数人的意见。
⑧The
majority
of
the
damage
is
easy
to
repair.
大部分损害容易弥补。
⑨The
majority
agree(s)
with
me.
大多数人都同意我的意见。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的词性及含义
⑩The
major
challenge
of
this
century
is
to
find
ways
to
meet
the
needs
of
a
growing
population.
本世纪最大的挑战是寻求途径以满足日益增长的人口需求。
词性: ?
含义: ?
形容词
主要的
11
Are
most
of
you
English
majors?
你们大部分是英语专业的学生吗?
词性: ?
含义: ?
12
He
majored
in
law
at
college.
上大学时他主修法律。
词性: ?
含义: ?
名词
专业
动词
主攻,专修
majority做主语时,若强调整体,则谓语用单数;若强调团体中的个体,则谓语用复数;majority常构成the
majority
of短语,后面接复数名词,有时也接单数名词,其谓语与该名词的数保持一致。
major
n.
专业,主修科目 adj.
主要的;重大的
major
in
主修;专攻
minority
n.
少数
3
In
summary,I
insist
that
you
take
the
opinions
of
the
people
of
the
UK
into
consideration,and
end
this
practice
immediately.(Page
56)
总之,我坚持认为你应该考虑英国人民的意见,并立即结束这种行为。
★考点一:summary
n.
总结;概括;概要
①He
made
a
summary
of
what
had
been
done.
他对所做的事情进行了总结。
②He
gave
a
summary
account.
他给出了简要的说明。
③In
summary,the
two
universities
have
some
things
in
common.
总之,那两所大学有一些共同之处。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的词性及含义
④His
speech
summed
up
the
present
situation
of
economy.
他的演讲概括了目前的经济形势。
词性: 含义: ?
⑤That
is
the
sum
of
our
experience.
那就是我们全部的经验。
词性: 含义: ?
动词
概括(总结)
名词
全部
⑥The
teacher
gave
us
a
summary
explanation
in
the
end.
老师最后给我们作了扼要的解释。
词性: ?
含义: ?
形容词
概括的(扼要的)
in
summary
总之,概括地说
sum
up
总结,概括
to
sum
up
总之
a
large
sum
of
money
一大笔钱
★考点二:take...into
consideration
考虑
⑦If
your
suggestion
is
reasonable,we
will
take
it
into
consideration.
如果你的建议合理,我们会考虑的。
⑧Do
you
have
any
particular
conditions
that
you
would
like
the
company
to
take
into
consideration?
你有什么特殊情况要求公司给予考虑的吗?
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出句中黑体部分的词性及含义
⑨She
began
to
consider
what
use
could
be
made
of
it.
她开始考虑怎样对它加以利用。
词性: 含义: ?
⑩Who
do
you
consider
to
be
responsible
for
the
accident?
你认为谁对这个事故负有责任?
词性: 含义: ?
动词
考虑
动词
认为
11
She
is
considerate
to
her
parents.
她对父母很体贴。
词性: ?
含义: ?
12
There
is
a
considerable
difference
among
them.
他们之间有很大的不同。
词性: ?
含义: ?
形容词
体贴的
形容词
相当大的
take...into
consideration
把……考虑进去,顾及到……
take...into
account
把……考虑进去,顾及……
consider...as...把……看作,认为……是……
consider...to
be
认为……是……
be
considerate
to
对……体贴
considering
prep.&conj.考虑到;鉴于……,就……而言
4
...cloned
animals
produce
tastier
meat
that
offers
better
nutrition
than
the
meat
of
ordinary
animals.(Page
57)
……克隆动物产出比普通动物更有营养的、更美味的肉。
★考点:ordinary
adj.
普通的;一般的
①However,we
cannot
always
be
intolerant
of
tardiness(延迟),for
ordinary
living
requires
some
tolerance.
由于普通生活需要一些容忍,然而,我们总是不能容忍延迟。
②Judging
from
the
ordinary
standards,he
was
reliable.
用一般的标准来衡量,他是可信赖的。
考点延伸?
common
侧重“普通”,表示“时时发生,人人共有”,其反义词为rare
usual
用来指事物,强调习惯性,一贯如此,意为“通常的,惯常的”,含有“随集体风俗或个人习惯而常常发生”之意,其反义词为unusual
ordinary
与common基本同义,侧重“外表平凡的,普通的”,表示“随时可以碰到,不值得惊奇”,其反义词为superior
normal
强调的是根据常规或人们的期待是“正常的,不反常
的”,其反义词为abnormal
5
For
example,cloned
animals
are
not
very
healthy—they
nearly
always
live
brief,...(Page
57)
举例来说,克隆的动物不是很健康,它们几乎总是寿命很短。
★考点:brief
adj.短时间的,短暂的;简洁的,简单的
①During
his
brief
life,he
had
led
several
marches
in
Alabama
and
Mississippi
in
the
1960s.
在他短暂的一生中,他曾在20世纪60年代阿拉巴马州和密西西比州领导过几次游行。
②We
are
running
out
of
time,so
let’s
be
brief.
我们快没时间了,所以简洁点说吧。
③Many
factors
contributed
to
his
success,but
in
brief,he
succeeded
after
many
failures.
许多因素促成了他的成功,但总而言之,他是经历了多次失败后才成功的。
in
brief
简言之;总而言之
to
be
brief
简而言之,简明扼要
briefly
adv.
简洁地;简短地
briefly
speaking
简而言之
brief
and
to
the
point既简明扼要又切中要害
6
Therefore,we
cannot
confirm
that
food
from
cloned
animals
is
really
safe
for
humans
to
eat.(Page
57)
因此,我们无法证实来自克隆动物的食物确实是安全的,可供人类食用。
★考点:confirm
vt.&
vi.
证实;证明;确认;使确信
①The
need
for
increased
flexibility
has
also
been
confirmed
by
changes
in
workstation
design.
日益增长的灵活性的需求也已通过工作室设计的改变得到了证实。
②We
have
absolutely
no
way
to
confirm
what
he
said.
我们完全没有办法证明他所说的话。
③I
want
to
confirm
that
all
the
arrangements
have
been
made.
我要确认所有的安排都做好了。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的词性及含义
④There’s
still
no
official
confirmation
of
the
report.
这个报道仍未得到官方证实。
词性: 含义: ?
⑤We
need
confirmation
in
writing
before
we
can
send
your
order
out.
给你们发送订购的货物之前,我们需要书面确认。
词性: 含义: ?
⑥I’m
still
waiting
for
confirmation
of
the
test
results.
我仍在等待考试结果的通知书。
词性: 含义: ?
名词
证实
名词
确认
名词
通知书
7
Not
everything
that
is
best
for
nature
is
good
for
people.(Page
58)
并非所有对自然最佳的都对人类有益。
★考点:not
everything/every...并非所有……,部分否定。
①Not
everything
that
he
does
is
right.
并非他做的所有事情都是正确的。
②Not
every
student
realizes
the
importance
of
studying.
并非每个学生都意识到学习的重要性。
考点延伸?
1)not
both/all并非两个/所有都……,部分否定。相应的全否定为:neither/none(of)
③Not
both
books
are
interesting.(=Both
books
are
not
interesting.)
并非两本书都有趣。
Neither
book
is
interesting.两本书都没趣。(全否定)
④Not
all
students
have
passed
the
exam.(=All
the
students
haven’t
passed
the
exam.)
并非所有学生考试都及格。
⑤None
of
the
students
have
passed
the
exam.
所有学生考试都不及格。(全否定)
2)not
everybody/everything/everywhere并非每人/所有事/任何地方……,部分否定。相对应的全否定为:nobody(no
one)/nothing/nowhere
⑥Not
everyone
here
can
speak
English.(=Everyone
here
can’t
speak
English.)
这里并非每个人都会说英语。
⑦Nobody
here
can
speak
English.
这里没人会说英语。(全否定)
3)not
wholly/entirely/completely/always/often/quite/...并非……,部分否定。相对应的全否定应用never或not...at
all。
⑧I
don’t
agree
with
you
completely.
我并非完全同意你的说法。
⑨Forces
don’t
always
produce
movement.
力并不总是产生运动的。
8
Would
anyone
say
that
development
should
be
stopped
in
favour
of
nature?(Page
58)
难道我们为了保护自然就应该停止经济发展吗?
★考点:favour
n.赞同,支持,恩惠,帮助;偏爱,偏袒
①I
want
to
ask
a
favour
of
you—will
you
lend
me
your
bike?
我想请你帮个忙,把自行车借我一下好吗?
②A
mother
mustn’t
show
favour
to
one
child
more
than
another.
母亲不应偏爱某一个孩子。
③Opportunity
and
success
tend
to
be
in
favour
of
those
who
are
ready.
机遇和成功往往青睐那些有准备的人。
④The
situation
of
economy
here
is
in
our
favour.
这里的经济形势对我们有利。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的词性及含义
⑤Fortune
favours
the
brave.天佑勇者。
词性: 含义: ?
⑥We
favour
your
proposal.
我们赞同你的建议。
词性: 含义: ?
⑦Hot
climate
and
plentiful
rainfall
favour
the
growth
of
plants.
炎热的气候和充足的雨水有助于植物生长。
词性: 含义: ?
⑧This
is
the
most
favourable
season
for
travelling
in
Russia.
这是俄国最适宜的旅游季节。
词性: ?
含义: ?
动词
支持
动词
赞同
动词
有利于
形容词
适宜的/有利的
in
favour
是介词短语,意为“受赏识的,受欢迎的”,有被动含义
in
favour
of
是介词短语,在句中做表语或名词后置修饰语,表示“赞成,支持”和“有利于”等意。作后种意义时,该词组可以呈in
someone’s
favour形式
in
favour
with
意思是“受到……宠爱”或“得到……好评(或重视)”
We
are
all
in
favour
of
his
proposal,which
is
also
in
favour
with
our
boss.It
is
obvious
that
he
is
in
favour
among
us,although
he
is
a
newcomer.
我们都赞同他的提议,这一提议也同样得到我们老板的好评。尽管他刚来,但很显然他在我们当中很受欢迎。
in
one’s
favour
有利于某人
owe
sb.a
favour
欠某人人情
in
favour
of
赞同;支持
be
in
favour
with
受……的欢迎
in
favour
受欢迎的,受赏识的
9
While
many
people
are
excited
about
these
new
technologies,these
same
technologies
frighten
others.(Page
59)
尽管许多人对这些新技术感到兴奋,同样这些技术却让其他人感到惊恐。
★考点:frighten
vt.
使惊吓;使惊恐
①Don’t
let
fitness
frighten
you.
不要让健康威胁着你。
②That
dog
was
chained
so
that
it
could
not
frighten
the
children.
那只狗被拴起来了,这样就吓不到孩子们了。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出句中黑体部分的词性及含义
③I
was
so
frightened
that
I
closed
my
eyes
and
desperately
threw
myself
at
that
guy
like
a
bullet.
我如此惊恐以至于闭上眼睛,绝望地像子弹般地快速扑向那个家伙。
词性: ?
含义: ?
④The
movie
was
one
of
the
most
frightening
I’ve
ever
seen.
这部电影是我所看过最吓人的片子之一。
词性: ?
含义: ?
形容词
受惊吓的
形容词
令人害怕的
⑤The
child
is
trembling
with
fright.
这孩子吓得发抖。
词性: ?
含义: ?
名词
害怕,恐惧
frighten
sb.into/out
of
doing
sth.吓唬某人做了/不做某事
be
frightened
to
death
吓死了
be
frightened
of...
害怕……
be
frightened
out
of
one’s
life
吓得要命
?
be
frightened
at...看到……吓了一跳
frightening
adj.
令人害怕的
fright
n.
害怕,恐惧
10
Research
has
been
limited
to
increasing
production
profits...(Page
59)
研究仅局限于增加生产利润……
★考点:profit
n.利润,收益
①In
recent
years
many
football
clubs
have
been
run
as
business
to
make
a
profit.
近年来,很多足球俱乐部都进行商业运作,以谋求利润。
②We
gained
a
lot
of
profits
from
your
advice.
我们从你的建议中获益匪浅。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出句子中黑体部分的词性及含义
③It
will
profit
you
nothing
to
do
that.
做那事对你没任何益处。
词性: ?
含义: ?
④The
production
of
coffee
beans
is
a
huge,profitable
business,...
咖啡豆的生产是利润丰厚的生意,……
词性: ?
含义: ?
动词
使获益
形容词
有利的,有益的
fat
profit
巨额利润
make
one’s
profit
of
利用,使对自己有利
make
a
profit
on/of
在……上获利
to
one’s
profit/with
profit
有益
do
sth.for
profit
为了赢利做某事
profit
by/from
sth.从……中得到利益,吸取教训
11
Since
no
one
really
knows
whether
GM
food
is
safe,many
countries
have
hesitated
to
give
permission
for
the
production
of
GM
foods,as
they
would
rather
be
cautious
with
this
new
technology.(Page
59)
由于没人确切知道转基因食物是否安全,许多国家在生产转基因食物的放行问题上犹豫不决,因为他们宁可对这项新技术表示谨慎。
★考点:permission
n.准许;许可;批准
①No
one
is
to
leave
this
building
without
the
permission
of
the
police.
没有警察的允许任何人不准离开这座大楼。
②What
do
you
think
is
the
most
effective
way
to
ask
people
for
their
permission?
你认为请求别人允许最有效的方式是什么?
③Sad
to
say,she
hasn’t
given
us
permission
to
do
it.
不幸的是,她没准许我们做这件事。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出句中黑体部分的词性及含义
④Please
permit
me
a
few
words.
请允许我说几句话。
词性: 含义: ?
⑤Cash
machines
permit
you
to
withdraw
money
at
any
time.
取款机可让你随时取款。
词性: 含义: ?
动词
允许
动词
准许
without
the
permission
of
未经……的允许
ask
sb.for
permission
征求某人的许可
give
sb.permission
to
do
sth.允许某人做某事
permit
sb.sth.允许某人某事
permit
sb.to
do
sth.准许某人做某事
permit
doing
sth.准许干某事
permit
n.许可证,执照(共7张PPT)
Section
Ⅳ Writing
如何写正式英语信函
正式信函一般包括下列几部分:信头,信内地址,正文,结尾,签名
1.信头(heading):即写信人的地址和写信日期,写在右上角。地址由小到大排列,一般占两行,即,门牌号、街道、城市、省或州名、邮编,最后写国名。第三行为写信日期,如:25th
January
2015
2.信内地址(inside
address):即收信人的称呼和地址。
第一行为收信人的称呼,一般用Dear
Mr...;Dear
Miss...;Dear
Professor...等。
对于不知名的人用:“Dear
Sir”;对于不知名的公司用:“Dear
Sirs”;对于女士(无论婚否)用:“Dear
Madam”。对于不知性别的人用:“Dear
Sir
or
Madam”。称谓后面的“,”这一标点符号可以不用。后面三行为地址,从小到大排列。最后一行为最大地址。
3.正文(body):是指信函中叙述事物的文字部分。商业信函主要讲述的是商业活动中的相关业务,因此要用较为专业的商务英语来阐明事情,既要用一些客套词语来表达对对方的尊重,又要把事情说清楚以便对方会按照写信人的愿望行事,实现商务合作,完成交易。
4.信尾客套语(complimentary
close):即写信人在信的右(或左)下角,写上表示自己对收信人一种礼貌客气的谦称。一般有Sincerely;Sincerely
yours;Yours
sincerely;Friendly
yours;Truly
yours;Yours
truly;Cordially
yours;Yours
cordially等。
5.信尾签(署)名(signature):即写信人签名。即亲笔签上写信人自己的姓名。如果是用打字机或电脑写的信,在写信人签名的上方,同样应该打上写信人的姓名。
开头常用句型:
1.With
reference
to...
2.Thank
you
for
your...
3.In
reply
to...
4.I
am
writing
to
inform
you...
结尾常用句型:
1.I
would
be
grateful
if
you
could...
2.I
hope
you
would...
3.I
look
forward
to
hearing
from
you
soon.
4.If
you
require
any
further
information...
假定你是李华,家住中国的山东省临沂市解放路56号,将于今年七月从新星外语学校毕业。你从报纸上得知位于美国的华盛顿特区宾夕法尼亚大道1006号惠康公司要招聘一名英文秘书,你很感兴趣。请给该公司写一封求职信,写信日期为2020年10月10日。包括下列要点:
1.年龄;
2.学习情况及英语水平;
3.兴趣和特长;
4.性格特点。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考范文:
56,Jie
Fang
Road
Linyi
city
Shandong
Province
China
10th
Oct.2020
Public
Relations
Manager
1006
Huikang
Co.
Pennsylvania
Avenue
Washington
D.C.
U.S.
Dear
Sir/Madam,
I
learned
from
the
newspaper
that
your
company
needs
an
English
secretary.I’m
really
interested
in
this
position
and
hope
I
can
work
for
you.
I’m
18
years
old
and
will
be
graduating
from
Xinxing
Foreign
Languages
School
this
July.I’m
an
excellent
student,among
the
top
5
in
my
class
of
50
students.I’m
good
at
English,especially
spoken
English.I
can
use
computer
and
I
type
very
fast.In
my
spare
time,I
read
a
lot.Poems
are
my
favorite.I
enjoy
music
very
much
too.Being
an
active
young
person,I
like
sports
and
outdoor
activities.Besides,I
am
easy
to
get
along
with
and
I
like
to
make
friends.I’m
looking
forward
to
your
reply.
I
shall
be
pleased
to
attend
an
interview
for
the
job
at
your
convenience,when
I
could
give
you
further
details.Thank
you
for
your
considering
my
application
and
I
am
looking
forward
to
hearing
from
you.
Yours
sincerely,
Li
Hua(共17张PPT)
单元重点小结
重点句型
1) ,some
scientists
point
out
that
if
you
clone
an
embryo,... ,...?
一方面,一些科学家指出,如果克隆胚胎,……
另一方面,……
2)...if
I
the
chance,I
a
cloned
baby
right
now.?
……如果我有这个机会,我会立刻要一个克隆婴儿。
3) ,scientists
have
been
challenging
moral
ideas
for
centuries.?
毕竟,科学家们挑战道德观念已有数百年。
On
the
one
hand
On
the
other
hand
had
would
have
After
all
重点语法
过去分词
1)做定语
All
the
have
been
cleared
away.?
所有的落叶都被清理掉了。
2)做表语
My
mother
was
very
to
hear
I
had
passed
the
exam.?
我妈妈听到我考试及格很高兴。
3)做宾语补足语
He
had
his
legs
during
the
match.?
在比赛期间他的腿摔断了。
fallen
leaves
delighted
broken
4)做状语
(1) more
time,I
would
have
done
it
better.?
如果给更多时间,我会做得更好。
(2) from
the
mountain,the
village
is
very
beautiful.?
从那座山上看,这个村庄非常漂亮。
(3)He
came
in,
by
a
dog.?
他进来了,后面跟着一条狗。
(4)
twice
by
the
dog,the
postman
refused
to
deliver.?
由于被狗咬过两次,所以那邮递员拒绝投递。
Given
Seen
followed
Bitten
功能
Asking
for
people’s
opinions
What
do
you
think?
What
are
your
thoughts
on
this
topic?
Don’t
you
think
so?
Do
you
agree?
Do
you
feel
the
same
about...?
Is
that
your
opinion
too?
Introducing
new
ideas
into
the
discussion
Another
argument
is
that...
Another
way
of
looking
at
it
is...
Don’t
forget...
But
what
about...?
On
the
other
hand,...
Have
you
thought
about...?
We
can
also...
走近高考
七选五阅读题中有五个正确选项和两个干扰项。文章选项设题形式主要以标题概括、段首大意、过渡句和情节中的细节句为主。正确分析选项的种类,判断每个空格的类型,然后进行匹配,问题就会迎刃而解。
根据历年高考七选五阅读题的设置特点,在做题时应掌握以下解题技巧:
1.话题关联法
一个段落乃至一篇文章都是围绕某一中心或话题展开的。把握这一中心或话题,就能找到突破口,选出与该话题有关的选项,排除那些无关的选项直至最终选出答案,这就是话题关联法。
2.逻辑关系分析法
作为一篇文章,之所以“形散而神不散”,就在于其句与句、段与段之间存在着一定的逻辑关系,挖掘出其中的逻辑关系,是我们在阅读中需要培养的能力之一,更是《新课程标准》突出强调的要求之一。挖掘文章中的逻辑关系的能力,是七选五阅读题考查的主要目标之一。解题时,我们可以通过文章上下文中暗含的逻辑关系来寻找突破口。常见的逻辑关系词有:
转折关系:but,however,though,whereas,nevertheless等
因果关系:so,therefore,thus,because,for,since,as等
让步关系:though,although,despite,in
spite
of,regardless
of
等
条件关系:if,unless,once,provided
that,in
case,so
long
as等
解释关系:namely,that
is
to
say,in
other
words等
顺序关系:before,after,firstly,secondly,then,next,finally
等
3.根据挖空位置,确定解题思路
解答“七选五”时,首先要快速阅读全文重点词句,包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子等,目的是掌握文章的主要内容。但是由于文章空缺了五处,而且有的地方空缺的是几句话甚至是一整段,文章的整个结构和逻辑是被打断了的,考生在短时间内掌握文章要点或逻辑思路是很困难的。对此,考生可以通过关注文章挖空所在的位置,利用相应的策略来找到适当的选项回填入文。
1)如果挖空位置在段首
(1)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读空格后内容,考生应该会发现,通常情况下段落的中心都会出现在本段的开头部分。因此可以根据段落一致性原则,推断出该段的主题句。这对考生把握本段和理解全文是有指导性意义的。
(2)关注与后文的关系。着重阅读挖空后面的第一、二句,确定相关信息词,然后在选项中查找与之相关的内容。阅读时要学会瞻前顾后,以确定答案。
2)如果挖空位置在段尾
通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词。
3)如果挖空位置在段中
挖空位置如果在段中,其所填句子含义应与前后句保持一致。因此,考生在做题时要学会瞻前顾后,关注体现前后句逻辑关系的关联词。常见的表示前后句逻辑关系的关联词有:
(1)递进关系:also,in
addition,what’s
more,for
example,in
other
words,second,besides等。
(2)转折关系:but,however,yet,otherwise,on
the
other
hand,on
the
contrary,in
spite
of等。
(3)因果关系:why,because,so,for
this
reason,thus,for,as,since,therefore,as
a
result等。
4.语篇结构分析法
《英语学科考试大纲》关于阅读的考查要求明确规定:“考生应能理解文章的基本结构。”任何一篇文章都是按照一定的逻辑关系将众多的素材组合在一起的。只要我们找出其中的纽带,就能理清文章的结构。语篇结构的分析能力是新课标特别强调的能力,也是高中英语阅读教学的重点培养目标之一。解答七选五阅读题时,我们也可以通过分析文章的语篇结构,找到解题所需的信息,最终得出答案。
5.对比分析法
对比分析法是指通过分析对比所给选项的异同,把握其相同点和不同点(主要是不同点),以便找到突破口,然后再结合文章的语境信息得出答案的一种方法。
6.过渡性词语暗示法
七选五阅读题一个非常重要的考查目标就是文章的语篇结构,而过渡性词语是理顺语篇结构的线索或信息之一。这就要求我们关注和挖掘过渡词所隐含的信息,从而找到解题的信息或突破口。
拓展阅读
After
a
series
of
initial
experiments
and
corrections,the
scientist’s
hard
work
paid
off
when
the
twin
clone
turkeys
were
hatched
with
normal
feather
and
claws.This
breakthrough
possibly
enabled
people
to
bring
their
adored
pets
back
to
life.However,it
bothered
him
from
time
to
time
that
their
health
was
in
poor
condition
because
they
were
unable
to
resist
illnesses.This
drawback
cast
him
down.Merely
2
weeks
later,the
clones
and
their
carrier
died,which
struck
frustration
into
his
heart.He
retired
before
he
attained
his
ambition
and
became
a
member
of
an
opera
chorus
to
relieve
his
depression.
Shortly
afterwards,the
media
published
a
conservative1
argument
objecting
to
cloning
owing
to
moral
problems,and
suggested
the
constitution
include
compulsory2
regulations
to
forbid
obtaining
commercial
profits
from
cloning.
When
interviewed,the
scientist
stared
at
the
decorations3
on
the
ceiling,thinking
for
a
while,and
then
said,“I’m
not
in
favour
of
any
arbitrary4
assumption5,but
undertaking
cloning
does
differ
from
the
straightforward
procedure
of
making
loafs
out
of
flour.Until
we
accumulate
enough
exact
knowledge,any
practice
is
in
vain
and
is
bound
to
fail.Altogether,being
more
careful
is
reasonable
or
we
may
walk
into
a
side
road.”
词海拾贝?
1.conservative
[k?n?s??v?tIv]
adj.保守的
2.compulsory
[k?m?p?ls?ri]
adj.
强制的
3.decoration
[dek??reI?n]
n.
装修;装饰
4.arbitrary
[???bItr?ri]
adj.任意的
5.assumption
[??s?mp?n]
n.
假定;设想
难句剖析?
1.However,it
bothered
him
from
time
to
time
that
their
health
was
in
poor
condition
because
they
were
unable
to
resist
illnesses.
然而,使他时不时地烦恼的是,它们的健康状况极差,因为它们无法抵抗疾病。
that
their
health
was
in
poor
condition为that引导的主语从句,it为形式主语。because
they
were...为原因状语从句。
2.Merely
2
weeks
later,the
clones
and
their
carrier
died,which
struck
frustration
into
his
heart.
仅仅过了2个星期,克隆体和母体都死亡了,这使他内心充满了沮丧。
which
struck
frustration
into
his
heart为非限制性定语从句。
