(共72张PPT)
Unit
4
Public
transport
词海拾贝
难句剖析
理解诱思
为了减少污染,保护环境,很多专家提倡使用公共交通。你知道公共交通的好处吗?
Advantages
of
public
transport
A
new
study
has
shown
that
public
transport
is
more
efficient①
than
cars.The
study
found
that
the
Western
Australian
city
Perth
is
a
good
example
of
a
city
with
public
transport.As
a
matter
of
fact,17%
of
its
wealth
went
into
transport
costs.Some
European
and
Asian
cities,on
the
other
hand,spent
as
little
as
5%.These
more
efficient
cities
were
able
to
put
the
difference
into
attracting
industry
and
jobs
or
creating
a
better
place
to
live
in.
词海拾贝
难句剖析
理解诱思
According
to
Professor
Newman,the
larger
Australian
city
Melbourne
is
a
rather
unusual
city
in
this
sort
of
comparison.He
describes
it
as
“A
European
city
surrounded
by
cars”.Melbourne’s
large
tram②
network
has
made
car
use
in
the
inner
city
much
lower,but
the
outer
suburbs
have
the
same
car-based
structure③
as
most
other
Australian
cities.
Bicycle
use
was
not
included
in
the
study
but
Newman
noted
that
the
two
most
“bicycle-friendly”
cities
considered—Amsterdam
and
Copenhagen—were
very
efficient,even
though
their
public
transport
systems
were
“reasonable
but
not
special”.
词海拾贝
难句剖析
理解诱思
It
is
common
for
supporters
of
road
networks
to
reject
the
models
of
cities
with
good
public
transport
by
arguing
that
such
systems
would
not
work
in
their
particular
city.One
objection
is
climate.Some
people
say
their
city
could
not
make
more
use
of
public
transport
because
it
is
either
too
hot
or
too
cold.Newman
rejects
this,pointing
out
that
public
transport
has
been
successful
in
both
Toronto
and
Singapore
and,in
fact,he
has
checked
the
use
of
cars
against
climate
and
found
“zero
correlation④”.
词海拾贝
难句剖析
理解诱思
译文:
公共交通的好处
一项新的研究显示,公共交通比小汽车效率更高。研究发现,澳大利亚西部城市珀斯是个公共交通发展得很好的例子。事实上,这个城市17%的财富用于交通消费。另一方面,一些欧洲和亚洲城市,在这方面的花费只有5%。这些效率较高的城市能够把这个不同用于吸引工业和工作或者创造更好的居住的地方。
根据纽曼教授说的,较大的澳大利亚城市墨尔本相比之下在这方面是一个极其不寻常的城市。他把它描述为“一个被汽车包围的欧洲城市”。墨尔本的大型有轨电车系统网使得城市里汽车的使用率更低,但是外部郊区有着和大部分其他澳大利亚城市相同的以汽车为基础的结构。
词海拾贝
难句剖析
理解诱思
自行车的使用在这项研究中没被包括在内,但是纽曼说,被认为的两个自行车最受欢迎的城市——阿姆斯特丹和哥本哈根,效率非常高,尽管它们的公共交通系统是合理的但并不特殊的。
对于支持公路网络的人来说,通过争辩说这样的系统在他们的特殊城市是行不通的来反对这些拥有良好的公共交通系统的模范城市是很常见的。一个反对因素就是气候。一些人说,他们的城市不能更多地使用公共交通是因为天气要么太热要么太冷。纽曼反对这个说法,指出公共交通在多伦多和新加坡都是成功的,事实上,他检验了气候对于使用汽车的影响,发现根本是不相关的。
词海拾贝
难句剖析
理解诱思
1.efficient
[I?fI?nt]
adj.(尤指工具,机器,系统等)有效力的
2.tram
[tr?m]
n.有轨电车
3.structure
[?str?kt??(r)]
n.结构
4.correlation
[?k?rI?leI??n]
n.相关
词海拾贝
难句剖析
理解诱思
Bicycle
use
was
not
included
in
the
study
but
Newman
noted
that
the
two
most
“bicycle
friendly”
cities
considered—Amsterdam
and
Copenhagen—were
very
efficient,even
though
their
public
transport
systems
were
“reasonable
but
not
special”.
自行车的使用在这项研究中没被包括在内,但是纽曼说,被认为的两个自行车最受欢迎的城市——阿姆斯特丹和哥本哈根,效率非常高,尽管它们的公共交通系统是合理的但并不特殊的。
本句是一个复合句。that引导宾语从句;even
though引导让步状语从句;considered是过去分词作后置定语。
词海拾贝
难句剖析
理解诱思
1.Which
of
the
following
cities
are
successful
in
public
transport?
A.Shanghai
and
Paris. B.Amsterdam
and
France.
C.Toronto
and
Singapore.
D.Singapore
and
Beijing.
答案C
2.Do
you
like
using
public
transport?Why?
答案Yes.Because
it
can
reduce
air
pollution.
?
Section
Ⅰ Welcome
to
the
unit
&
Reading
一
二
三
四
Pre-reading?
一、写作词汇
预习Reading部分的词汇,完成下列小对话或语段
1.—What
are
the
scientists
doing?
—They
are
measuring
the
(外围的)walls
of
the
town.?
2.—What
did
you
say
to
her
just
now?
—I
asked
her
to
(表达)my
best
wishes
to
her
parents.?
3.—What
happened
last
night?
— (不幸地),two
boys
were
killed
in
the
accident.?
4.—Why
are
the
villagers
so
happy?
—The
government
has
(承诺)to
build
a
new
school
here.?
outer
convey
Unfortunately
undertaken
一
二
三
四
5.It
is
(难以置信的)that
the
trams
are
so
popular
in
this
city.Many
citizens
have
learned
the
news
(通过)the
Internet.The
project
will
reduce
traffic
jam
greatly,and
many
citizens
won’t
have
to
(延迟)their
work.?
6.The
(部长)has
come
here
to
tell
us
about
the
(出租车).They
have
played
an
important
part
in
(运送)passengers.At
the
same
time,some
drivers
don’t
obey
the
traffic
rules
and
(中途下客)the
passengers
causally,causing
the
(堵车).So
he
calls
on
the
citizens
to
use
the
public
transport.?
unbelievable
via
postpone
minister
cabs
conveying
drop
off
traffic
jam
一
二
三
四
二、阅读词汇
预习Reading部分的词汇,写出画线部分的汉语意思
The
cabs
1. played
an
important
part
in
conveying
2. the
passengers
and
most
cab
drivers
undertook
3. to
obey
the
traffic
rules
seriously.Unfortunately
4. ,some
cab
drivers
didn’t
obey
the
traffic
rules
and
dropped
off
5. the
passengers
at
some
dangerous
places,causing
the
traffic
jam
6. ,and
even
causing
some
accidents.?
出租车
运送
承诺
不幸的是
中途下客
通堵塞
一
二
三
四
While-reading?
三、阅读The
first
underground
in
the
world,选择正确答案
1.Why
did
most
trains
to
London
only
go
to
the
outer
city
limits?
A.Because
building
railway
tracks
into
the
city
would
have
needed
much
money.
B.Because
building
railway
tracks
into
the
city
would
have
damaged
many
old
buildings.
C.Because
the
London
government
didn’t
approve
the
plan.
D.Because
the
technology
was
not
so
advanced
then.
答案B
一
二
三
四
2.If
you
travelled
on
the
underground
in
1884,you
would
.?
A.look
out
of
the
window
of
your
carriage
to
enjoy
the
scenery
B.see
the
smoke
caused
by
steam
engines
C.suffer
from
noise
D.go
to
the
south
in
London
答案B
一
二
三
四
3.Why
are
travelling
on
the
underground
lines
inconvenient
in
the
1880s?
A.Because
the
price
of
the
tickets
was
very
high.
B.Because
you
should
queue
up.
C.Because
the
speed
of
the
underground
was
slow.
D.Because
each
line
was
separately
owned
and
many
were
very
far
from
each
other.
4.The
underground
stations
functioned
as
the
following
except
.?
A.bomb
shelters
B.an
underground
airplane
factory
C.meeting
rooms
D.field
hospitals
答案D
答案D
一
二
三
四
5.What
is
true
about
Victoria
Line?
A.It
links
with
some
lines
of
London.
B.It
is
the
last
line
added.
C.It
was
built
in
honour
of
the
twenty-fifth
anniversary
of
Queen
Elizabeth’s
crowning.
D.It
helps
make
the
underground
system
more
user-friendly.
答案D
一
二
三
四
Post-reading?
四、下面一段文章是课文原文的浓缩,仔细阅读并根据课文内容将其补充完整
The
London
Underground
has
the
distinction
of
being
the
oldest
and
1.
complex
underground
system
in
the
world.2.
the
first
tunnels
were
opened
in
1863,the
traffic
jams
of
London
were
unbelievable.3.
,in
1884,the
Metropolitan
Railway
Company
and
the
Metropolitan
District
Railway
linked
up
and
provided
underground
service
in
the
middle
of
the
city.4.
better
ways
of
digging
tunnels
developed,six
independent
deep
underground
lines
were
constructed
5.
the
next
twenty-five
years.Then
a
wealthy
American
businessman,
most
Before
Later
With
over
一
二
三
四
Charles
Yerkes
obtained
many
different
lines
and
set
6.
the
Underground
Electric
Railways
Company
of
London.Between
1918
and
1938,many
new
stations
7. .During
World
War
Ⅱ,the
underground
system
had
some
unusual
uses.After
the
war,the
system
was
enlarged
and
more
lines
were
added
8.
more
people
travelled
on
the
underground.The
London
underground
system
is
working
to
9.
huge
numbers
of
people
as
it
has
done
for
many
years.Buy
one
of
the
travel
cards
10.
you
can
take
a
trip
on
all
over
the
underground
system.?
up
were
constructed
because
transport
and
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.Buses
have
routes.They
pick
up
and
drop
off
people
at
different
stops
on
the
route.(教材P49)
公交车都有线路,它们在沿途不同的站点上下客。
★考点 drop
off
中途下客或卸货
①Could
you
drop
me
off
near
the
post
office?
你可以在邮局附近让我下车吗?
②You
left
your
bag,but
I
can
drop
it
off
on
my
way
to
work
tomorrow.
你把你的包落下了,不过我可以在明天上班的路上顺便捎给你。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
③Why
don’t
you
drop
by
for
coffee
some
time?
干嘛不找个时间到我家喝杯咖啡?
词组
drop
by 含义
顺便来访?
④She
was
injured
in
the
first
round
and
had
to
drop
out.
她在第一轮受伤了,只好退出比赛。
词组
drop
out
含义
退出?
⑤Jack
has
dropped
behind
into
last
place.
杰克已经落到了最后。
词组
drop
behind
含义
落后?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
⑥Let’s
drop
in
on
Nick
when
we’re
in
Bristol,shall
we?
咱们在布里斯托尔的时候,顺便去看看尼克,好吗?
词组
drop
in
on
sb. 含义
顺便拜访某人?
⑦I
plan
to
drop
in
at
the
temple
when
I
arrive
there.
我打算到那里时,顺便去看看那座庙。
词组
drop
in
at
sp. 含义
顺便走访某地?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
drop
off
中途下客或卸货
drop
by
顺便来访
drop
out
退出,退学
drop
behind
落后;落后于
drop
in
顺便拜访
drop
in
on
sb.
顺便拜访某人
drop
in
at
sp.
顺便走访某地
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2.Horse-drawn
buses,trams,cabs
and
carriages
were
used
to
convey
people
to
and
around
the
city
centre.(教材P50)
用马拉的公交车、有轨电车、出租车和马车被用来运送人们到城市中心或者城市周围。
★考点 convey
vt.运送;输送;表达
①We
convey
oil
from
Middle
East.
我们从中东输送石油。
②Words
can’t
convey
my
feelings.
语言无法表达我的心情。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
convey,transport和transform
convey:表达,通常是指不可见物质,如感觉,情绪,问候,信息等。
transform:转变,指物质产生质变,一物(人)变成另一物。
transport:运输,运送,是指一物(人)被另一物(人)带去另一个地方,有一定的距离。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.Unfortunately,the
number
of
vehicles
on
the
road
caused
unbelievable
traffic
jams,and
the
roads
became
so
busy
that
no
one
could
travel
anywhere.(教材P50)
不幸的是,道路上的车辆数量造成了令人难以置信的交通拥堵,并且道路是如此拥挤以至于大家哪里都去不了。
★考点一 unfortunately
adv.不幸地
①Unfortunately,he
lost
his
job
last
week.
不幸的是,他上个星期丢了工作。
②Unfortunately,she
was
visited
by
a
severe
illness.
不幸的是,她得了一场大病。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性和含义
③Everyone
is
the
architect
of
his
own
fortune.
每个人都是自己命运的缔造者。
词性
名词 含义
命运
④The
girl
was
fortunate
enough
to
have
her
mother
as
a
friend.
这个女孩非常幸运,她的妈妈是她的知心朋友。
词性
形容词
含义
幸运的
⑤Fortunately,you
have
the
power
to
change
all
that.
幸运的是,你有能力去改变一切。
词性
副词 含义
幸运的是
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
fortune
n.运气;好运;命运;财富
fortunate
adj.幸运的;侥幸的
fortunately
adv.幸运地;幸运的是
unfortunately
adv.不幸的是;不幸地
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
★考点二 unbelievable
adj.令人难以置信的;不可相信的
⑥It
is
unbelievable,but
I
like
that.
这令人难以置信,但是我喜欢。
⑦We
all
consider
what
you
said
to
be
unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。
考点延伸?
1)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性和含义
⑧This
book
is
full
of
believable,
interesting
characters.
这本书里充满了真实可信的有趣人物。
词性
形容词 含义
可信的
⑨His
firmness
on
his
belief
supported
him
in
difficulties.
困境中,他坚定的信仰支撑着他。
词性
名词
含义
信仰
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
⑩Some
people
believe
in
God
and
others
don’t.
有人相信上帝,有人则不相信。
词组
believe
in 含义
相信,信仰?
11.The
story
of
his
miseries
is
beyond
my
belief.
他的悲惨身世令我难以置信。
词组
beyond
one’s
belief 含义
令某人难以置信?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
unbelievable
adj.令人难以置信的;不可相信的
believable
adj.可信的
believe
in
相信,信仰
belief
n.信仰
beyond
one’s
belief
令某人难以置信
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4.In
1854,the
British
government
gave
approval
to
the
construction
by
the
Metropolitan
Railway
Company
of
an
underground
railway
in
the
centre
of
London,between
Paddington
and
Farringdon,via
King’s
Cross,St
Pancras
and
Euston.(教材P50)
1854年,英国政府授权大都会铁路公司在伦敦中心修建帕丁顿和法录登之间途经国王十字、圣潘克拉斯和尤斯顿的地铁。
★考点 via
prep.经由;经过(某一地方);通过;凭借
①Her
flight
will
be
rerouted
via
Tokyo.
她乘坐的航班将改变航线途经东京。
②The
news
reached
us
via
a
friend
of
mine.
这个消息是通过我的一个朋友传到我们这里的。
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8
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10
by,via和through
by表示“通过某种方式或途径”(如by
train/by
means
of等),是借用或引申推广出来的,但by在表示该意思的时候有个前提:主体自己要跟随工具在一起,这是by的本义(在附近、在旁边)所决定的。
via表达的意思是“经由某个人、某个区域、某个工具达到某个目的”,这里的人/区域/工具都是中间媒介,它们起着传递、连接等作用,这时候主体跟工具是注定要分离的。
through指的是从事物的内部穿透过去。而这个内部可以是完全封闭的,也可以是部分封闭的,甚至可以是开放的。
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9
10
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10
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5.However,new
trains
had
to
be
developed
and
the
plan
required
raising
a
large
amount
of
money,so
the
digging
was
postponed
until
1860.(教材P50)
然而,新火车不得不被发展起来,并且这项计划需要筹集大量资金,所以一直推迟到1860年才开始挖掘隧道。
★考点 postpone
vt.延期;推迟;延迟
①The
commander
decided
to
postpone
the
big
push
until
the
spring.
指挥官决定把大规模的进攻推迟到春天进行。
②We
agree
to
postpone
the
shipping
date,considering(that)there
is
no
steamer
recently.
由于/考虑到最近无船,我们同意推迟装船期。
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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10
考点延伸?
1)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
③Can
we
postpone
the
meeting
till
tomorrow?
我们能把会议推迟到明天吗?
词组
postpone...till... 含义
把……延期到……
④I
shall
postpone
making
a
decision
till
I
learn
full
particulars.
在未获悉详情之前我得从缓做出决定。
词组
postpone
doing
sth. 含义
推迟做某事?
2)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性和含义
⑤Rain
caused
the
postponement
of
several
matches.
好几场比赛都因雨延迟了。
词性
名词 含义
推迟
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10
postpone
vt.延期;推迟;延迟
postpone...to/until/till...
把……推迟到……
postpone
doing
延迟做
postponement
n.
延缓;推迟
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3
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10
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2
3
4
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10
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6
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2
3
4
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6.Sixteen
years
later,in
1884,the
Metropolitan
Railway
Company
and
the
Metropolitan
District
Railway
linked
up
and
provided
underground
service
in
the
middle
of
the
city.(教材P50)
十六年后的1884年,大都会铁路公司和大都会区铁路公司联合,为城市中部地区提供地铁服务。
★考点 link
up
联合;连接
①The
two
highways
link
up
here.
这两条公路在这里衔接起来。
②The
two
spacecrafts
will
link
up
in
orbit.
两艘宇宙飞船将于轨道上对接。
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6
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2
3
4
7
8
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10
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
③Railway
lines
link
country
towns
with
the
capital.
铁路线把各个乡村小镇与首都连接起来。
词组
link...with... 含义
把……与……连接起来
④The
police
have
evidence
linking
Tom
to
this
case.
警察有证据表明,汤姆和这个案件有牵连。
词组
link...to... 含义
把……和……联系起来
⑤The
space
shuttle
will
link
up
with
the
space
station
this
afternoon.
航天飞机将于今天下午和太空站对接。
词组
link
up
with 含义
与……连接起来?
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6
1
2
3
4
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8
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10
link
up
联合;连接
link...with...把……与……连接起来
link...to...把……和……联系起来
link
up
with与……连接起来
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6
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2
3
4
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10
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6
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2
3
4
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10
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5
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2
3
4
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10
7.Because
of
the
smoke
from
the
steam
engines,early
underground
lines
needed
large
holes
leading
to
the
surface
at
regular
intervals,so
that
people
could
get
fresh
air
and
would
not
choke.(教材P50)
由于来自发动机的烟,早期的地铁线需要大量的通到地表的有规则间隔的小洞,以便人们能够呼吸到新鲜的空气而不至于窒息。
★考点一 leading
to
the
surface是动词的-ing形式作后置定语,修饰holes.
①There
is
a
bag
lying
on
the
ground.
地上有一个包。
②The
old
man
drawing
a
picture
there
is
my
grandfather.
在那边画画的老人是我的爷爷。
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7
5
1
2
3
4
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9
10
★考点二 interval
n.间隔;间隙
③He
comes
back
to
see
us
at
regular
intervals.
他每隔一段时间就回来看看我们。
④The
proper
intervals
should
be
maintained
between
vehicles.
车辆之间应保持适当的间距。
★考点三 choke
v.(使)窒息;哽住;堵塞;阻塞;抑制;压住
⑤Very
small
toys
can
choke
a
baby.
很小的玩具可使婴儿窒息。
⑥You
have
to
choke
the
engine
when
it
is
cold.
当发动机冷却的时候,你要阻塞住它的气门。
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5
1
2
3
4
8
9
10
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
⑦She
found
it
hard
to
choke
down
her
anger.
她感到难以压下心中的怒火。
词组
choke
down 含义
抑制(眼泪,愤怒等)?
⑧She
choked
with
emotion.
她激动得说不出话来。
词组
choke
with 含义
说不出话来?
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5
1
2
3
4
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10
⑨She
kept
talking
and
nobody
could
choke
her
off.
她说个不停,没人能阻止她。
词组
choke
off
含义
阻止?
⑩The
roads
are
choked
up
with
traffic.
道路都在塞车。
词组
be
choked
up
with 含义
塞满……?
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5
1
2
3
4
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9
10
choke
off
阻塞(交通);突然阻止
choke
back/down
抑制(眼泪、愤怒、悲痛等)
choke
with
说不出话来
choke
up
堵塞;(紧张得)说不出话来
be
choked
up
with
塞满,堵塞
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5
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2
3
4
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10
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5
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2
3
4
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5
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2
3
4
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10
8.Having
seen
the
situation,a
wealthy
American
businessman,Charles
Yerkes,undertook
the
job
of
improving
the
system
in
1902
by
obtaining
ownership
of
the
many
different
lines
and
setting
up
the
Underground
Electric
Railways
Company
of
London.(教材P51)
看到这种情况,一名叫查尔斯·耶基斯的美国富商于1902年承担起了改善地铁系统的工程,他买下许多不同的地铁线,创立了伦敦电力地铁公司。
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5
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2
3
4
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10
★考点一 having
seen
the
situation是现在分词短语在句中作状语。
①Having
finished
all
the
work,the
woman
left
the
factory.
做完了所有的工作,这个女人离开了工厂。
②Not
having
received
an
answer,he
wrote
to
her
again.
没有得到回信,他又给她写了一封信。
③Walking
in
the
street,she
came
across
an
old
friend.
在街上走着,她遇到了一个老朋友。
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2
3
4
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★考点二 undertake
vt.&vi.承担,从事;承诺,答应
④The
Thames
had
many
islands.Miranda
has
undertaken
a
review
of
all
of
them.She
will
tell
us
about
those
of
greatest
interest.
泰晤士河有很多岛,Miranda已经把这些都回顾了一遍。她要告诉我们关于那些最伟大名胜的事情。
⑤She
will
undertake
responsibility
for
the
changes.
她将承担这些变革的责任。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
⑥She
undertook
to
pay
back
the
money
within
six
months.
她答应在6个月内还清款项。
词组
undertake
to
do
sth. 含义
承诺做某事?
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5
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2
3
4
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10
undertake
vt.&vi.承担,从事;承诺,答应
undertake
to
do
sth.承诺做某事
?
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5
1
2
3
4
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10
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8
6
5
1
2
3
4
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10
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8
6
5
1
2
3
4
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5
1
2
3
4
10
9.After
World
War
Ⅱ
ended
in
1945,more
people
travelled
on
the
underground,so
the
system
was
enlarged
and
more
lines
were
added,including
the
Victoria
Line,which
was
linked
with
other
lines
at
almost
every
station.(教材P51)
1945年二战结束后,更多人乘坐地铁,因此地铁系统被扩大,更多的地铁线建成,其中包括几乎连接所有站点的维多利亚线。
★考点 enlarge
vt.扩大;扩展;扩充;放大
①I
have
to
enlarge
my
vocabulary.
我必须扩大自己的词汇量。
②I
planned
to
enlarge
this
photograph.
我计划放大这张照片。
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5
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2
3
4
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10
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7
6
5
1
2
3
4
10.Important
people
who
influenced
or
contributed
to
the
development
are
also
referred
to
sometimes.(教材P51)
有时候影响了或者促进了这个发展的重要人物也会被提及。
★考点 contribute
to
促进,有助于;导致
①Various
factors
contributed
to
his
downfall.
多种因素导致了他的倒台。
②Your
success
should
contribute
to
the
success
of
others!
你的成功应能有助于他人的成功!
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
③He
has
made
a
contribution
to
our
society.
他对我们的社会做出了贡献。
词组
make
a
contribution
to... 含义
对……做出贡献?
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10
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
④It
was
this
disease
that
led
to
her
father’s
death.
是这种病导致了她父亲的死亡。
词组
lead
to 含义
导致?
⑤The
economic
reform
brought
about
great
changes
in
the
lives
of
the
common
people.
经济改革在老百姓生活方面带来了巨大的变化。
词组
bring
about
含义
引起,导致?
⑥The
anger
of
the
workmen
resulted
in
a
strike.
工人的愤怒引起了一场罢工。
词组
result
in
含义
导致?
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10
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
contribute
to
促进,有助于;导致
make
a
contribution
to...对……做出贡献
lead
to导致
bring
about引起,导致
result
in导致
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10
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5
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2
3
4
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10
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7
6
5
1
2
3
4(共40张PPT)
Section
Ⅱ Word
power
&
Grammar
and
usage
写作词汇
语境考查:预习P57的词汇,完成下列小对话
1.—Have
you
(选定)a
place
for
your
holiday??
——Not
yet.
2.—What
did
his
sister
do
when
she
was
young?
—She
worked
as
a
(接待员).?
3.—Will
the
minister
attend
the
(一年一次的)ceremony??
—Yes,he
will.
4.—What
did
he
give
you
just
now?
—A
(一把)of
coins.?
5.—Why
has
the
sporting
meeting
(推延)??
—Because
of
the
bad
weather.
decided
on
receptionist
annual
handful
been
put
off
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2
3
4
5
语法指南
1.They
did
not
turn
up
until
10
o’clock.(教材P56)
他们到十点才露面。
★考点 turn
up出现
①He’s
still
hoping
something
will
turn
up.
他仍在期待机会出现。
②We
invited
her
to
dinner
but
she
didn’t
even
bother
to
turn
up.
我们请她吃饭但她都不露面。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的短语及其含义
③I
can’t
hear
the
radio
very
well;could
you
turn
it
up
a
bit?
我听不太清楚收音机,你把声音开大点行吗?
词组
turn
up 含义
调大?
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
turn
up
出现;调大
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
2.Hmm,well,we
do
welcome
students
to
visit
this
centre,but
you
will
have
to
fill
in
a
form
and
then
we
will
decide
on
the
best
way
to
organize
the
visit.(教材P57)
嗯,好吧。我们确实欢迎学生们来参观这个中心,不过你们要先填一个表格,然后我们来确定组织你们参观的最好路线。
★考点一 fill
in
填写(表格);消磨(时间)
①Some
people
find
it
difficult
to
fill
in
a
form.
有些人觉得表格不好填写。
②I’ll
fill
in
the
other
details
for
you.
我将为你补充其他细节。
③How
am
I
going
to
fill
in
this
afternoon?
我怎样打发这个下午呢?
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2
3
4
5
语法指南
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
④He
has
filled
up
the
tank
with
gas.
他已经给油箱加满了汽油。
词组
fill
up 含义
装满?
⑤The
workers
are
filling
the
truck
with
some
boxes.
工人们正往卡车里装箱子。
词组
fill...with... 含义
用……把……装满
fill
in
填写(表格);消磨(时间)
fill
up
装满
fill...with...用……把……装满
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2
3
4
5
语法指南
★考点二 decide
on
决定;选定
⑥She
has
decided
on
art
as
a
career.
她决定选择艺术作为职业。
⑦Has
the
list
of
candidates
been
decided
upon?
候选人名单确定了吗?
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
⑧He
finally
made
a
decision.
他终于做了决定。
词组
make
a
decision 含义
做决定?
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
decide
on/upon
决定;选定
make
a
decision
做决定
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
3.It’s
not
possible
for
more
than
a
handful
of
students
to
visit
at
the
same
time.(教材P57)
很多学生同时参观是不可能的。
★考点 handful
n.少量的人或物;一把(的量);难控制的人
①He
dipped
into
the
bag
and
brought
out
a
handful
of
sample
wheat.
他把手伸进袋子里,取出一把小麦样品。
②We
invited
twenty
people,but
only
a
handful
of
them
came.
我们邀请了20
个人,但只来了寥寥几人。
③The
little
boy
is
really
a
handful.
那个小男孩真是个淘气鬼。
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
④Would
you
please
lend
me
a
hand?
请帮我一个忙,好吗?
词组
lend
sb.a
hand 含义
帮助某人?
⑤He
lives
close
at
hand.
他住在附近。
词组
at
hand
含义
在附近?
⑥Having
enough
data
in
hand,we
can
set
to
work.
手头有足够的资料我们可以开始工作了。
词组
in
hand
含义
在手中?
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
⑦I
have
seen
people
feeding
them
by
hand,and
they
seem
to
like
the
attention.
我看到过人们用手喂食它们,它们看起来很喜欢这种照料。
词组
by
hand
含义
用手?
⑧On
the
one
hand
I
have
to
work;on
the
other
hand
I
have
a
lot
of
visitors.
一方面,我必须工作,另一方面,我又要接待很多来访者。
词组
on
the
one
hand...on
the
other
hand...?
含义
一方面……另一方面……
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
handful
n.少量的人或物;一把(的量);难控制的人
a
handful
of
一把……
lend
sb.a
hand
帮助某人
at
hand
在附近
in
hand
在手中
by
hand
用手
on
the
one
hand...on
the
other
hand...一方面……另一方面……
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
4.We
could
split
up
into
groups,and
come
at
different
times.(教材P57)
我们可以分组在不同的时段来。
★考点 split
vt.&
vi.分割;(使)分开;撕开;割破
①They
went
into
the
room
by
splitting
the
door.
他们破门进入房间。
②He
split
a
piece
from
the
cold
meat.
他切下了一片凉肉。
③The
lightning
splits
the
dark
sky.
闪电划破黑暗的天空。
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
5.I
would
like
to
put
your
visit
off
until
then
as
the
annual
Traffic
Conference
is
coming
up
next
week.(教材P57)
我想把你们的参观时间推迟到那个时候,因为下周就要举行一年一度的交通研讨会了。
★考点一 put
off
推迟;使反感
①Never
put
off
till
tomorrow
what
you
can
do
today.
今日事今日毕。
②Many
people
are
put
off
by
his
surly
behavior.
他举止粗暴使许多人感到反感。
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
③If
you
have
any
questions,please
put
up
your
hand.
如果有问题,请举手。
词组
put
up 含义
举起?
④Please
put
away
all
the
toys
when
the
children
leave.
孩子们离开时,请把这些玩具都放好。
词组
put
away 含义
把……放好?
⑤The
reporter
has
put
down
what
the
old
man
had
said.
记者已经把老人说的话全记下了。
词组
put
down 含义
记下?
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
put
off
推迟;使反感
put
up
举起;搭建
put
away
把……放好
put
down
记下
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
★考点二 annual
adj.每年的;一年一度的
⑥The
firm
has
an
annual
turnover
of
$75
million.
这家公司的年营业额为7500万美元。
⑦May
Day
is
a
traditional
day
for
celebrations,but
the
2,000
English
villagers
of
Stilton
must
be
the
only
people
in
the
world
who
include
cheese
rolling
in
their
annual
plans.
五一节是传统的庆祝节日,但是Stilton的2000个英国村民一定是世界上唯一把滚奶酪包含在一年一度的计划中的人。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性和含义
⑧The
exhibition
is
held
annually.
这种展览一年举办一次。
词性
副词 含义
一年一度地
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
1
2
3
4
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语法指南
1
2
3
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语法指南
动词短语
概说:动词短语是由动词加副词或介词构成的。
(1)动词+副词
常见的一些动词+副词的短语及其意义:
try
out
试验 look
(a)round
环视
break
up
打碎;终止
build
up
逐步建立;增强
blow
out
吹灭;爆裂
break
out
爆发
break
down
出故障;垮掉;分解;拆毁
bring
down
降低;击败
back
off
后退
break
off
中断;绝交
carry
on
继续;开展
come
on
发生;发展;快点
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
bring
over
带来;说服
hand
over
移交
answer
back
还口;顶嘴
call
back
叫回;收回;回电
check
in
登记;报道
count
in
把……算入
bring
about
导致;带来
come
about
发生
John
took
off
his
hat
as
he
entered
the
room.
约翰进屋时摘下了他的帽子。
Mary
put
on
her
hat
and
left
the
room.
玛丽戴上帽子离开了房间。
I
always
get
on
the
bus
at
34th
Street.
我总是在34街搭乘公共汽车。
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
I
was
unable
to
find
out
the
name
of
the
man
who
called.
我找不出那个打电话来的人的名字。
Last
night
several
friends
called
on
us.
昨晚有几个朋友来看我们。
Which
book
did
you
pick
out
to
send
to
Helen?
你挑选了哪一本书给海伦呢?
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
联想拓展?
①a.副词既可以置于宾语前,也可以置于宾语后。但如果宾语是代词,则必须置于动词和副词之间。
b.此类短语后并不总是跟宾语。
c.定语从句中此类短语中的副词不能提前。
The
sports
meeting
which
you
mention
will
be
put
off
till
next
week.
你提到的运动会将会被推迟到下周。
Did
anyone
call
me
up
while
I
was
out?
我出去的时候有人给我打电话吗?
When
the
President
entered,everyone
in
the
room
stood
up.
总统进来时,屋子里的每个人都站起来了。
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
“Look
out!”
John
cried
as
his
friend
almost
knocked
against
the
approaching
car.
约翰在他的朋友几乎要碰到一辆驶来的汽车时大叫道:“当心!”
②许多短语往往一词多义。
Doctors
recommended
that
the
drug
should
be
taken
off
the
market.
医生建议市面上应停止出售该类药物。
The
officer
leading
the
inquiry
has
been
taken
off
the
case.
主持调查该事的官员已被调离。
He
took
off
his
shoes
and
went
to
sleep.
他脱下鞋子睡觉去了。
My
plane
takes
off
at
3:00.
我的飞机3点起飞。
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
The
tiger
took
off
from
the
ground
with
a
powerful
spring.
老虎从地上猛地一跃而起。
The
early
morning
train
is
being
taken
off
for
the
summer.
早班火车夏季将停运。
I’m
so
pleased
that
I’ve
been
able
to
take
off
all
that
weight
and
get
into
my
good
clothes
again!
我的体重终于减轻了,那些漂亮的衣服又合身了,我真高兴!
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
(2)动词+介词
常见的一些动词+介词的短语及其意义:
look
at
看
look
for
寻找
look
after
照顾
look
into
往……看;调查
look
over
检查
arrive
in
到达
arrive
at到达
hear
of
听说
hear
from
收到……的来信
ask
for
要求
leave
for
前往……
send
for
派人去请
pay
for
付钱
wait
for
等待
agree
with
同意
begin
with
以……开始
help
with
帮助
play
with
玩……
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
listen
to
听
come
from
来自……
fall
off
从……上摔下
knock
at/on
敲
laugh
at嘲笑
worry
about
为……担心
write
to写信给……
try
on
试穿,试戴
take
after
像
call
for
邀约;要求,需要
He
takes
after
his
mother.
他长得像他的母亲。
What
do
you
think
of
the
movie
which
you
saw
last
night?
你觉得你昨晚看的那部电影怎么样?
Let’s
begin
our
class
with
an
English
song.
让我们以一首英语歌开始上课吧。
The
workers
asked
for
more
pay
and
shorter
hours.
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
工人们要求增加工资,减少工时。
Please
write
to
me
soon.
请尽快给我写信。
He
fell
off
the
wall
and
hurt
his
back.
他从墙上跌下来摔伤了后背。
Don’t
play
with
fire!It’s
dangerous!
别玩火!危险!
You
needn’t
worry
about
him.He
will
be
OK.
不用担心他,他没事。
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
The
lady
tried
on
several
clothes
but
none
was
fit
for
her.
那位女士试穿了几件衣服,可是没有一件合适的。
It
is
said
that
a
famous
detective
will
be
invited
here
to
look
into
the
case.
据说,一位著名的侦探将被请来调查此案。
归纳
①此类短语中,介词的宾语总是置于介词后。
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
②许多短语往往一词多义。
Attend
to
your
work
and
stop
talking.
专心工作,不要说话。
I
have
my
business
to
attend
to.
我有事要处理。
The
nurse
is
attending
to
a
sick
man.
这位护士正在照料一位病人。
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
(3)动词+副词+介词
常见的一些“动词+副词+介词”的短语及其意义:
catch
up
with
赶上
get
on/along
with
与……相处
put
up
with
忍受
do
away
with去掉,废除
give
in
to
同意,接受;向……让步
get
down
to
认真对待,静下心来
get
together
with与……聚会
break
away
from
摆脱……
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
look
out
of
向……外看
run
out
of
用完,耗尽
come
up
with
提出,想出
look
forward
to
期盼
look
down
upon
瞧不起
Don’t
look
down
upon
others.
不要瞧不起别人。
He
did
very
well
in
yesterday’s
exam.
昨天的考试他考得不错。
Look
out
of
the
window
and
you
will
see
a
kite.
往窗外看,你就会看到一只风筝。
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
Can
you
catch
up
with
the
red
car
ahead?
你能赶上前面那辆红色小车吗?
We
are
looking
forward
to
seeing
you
soon.
我们都盼着快点见到你。
If
you
want
to
succeed
you
must
get
down
to
your
work
right
now.
你想成功的话就必须马上静下心来工作。
We
had
run
out
of
the
oil
on
the
half
way.
半路上我们的车就没油了。
1
2
3
4
5
语法指南
(4)动词+名词+介词
这类短语动词也都具有及物动词的性质,宾语必须放在介词之后。如have
a
look
at,get
wind
of,have
a
drink
of,take
care
of,take
part
in,make
fun
of,pay
attention
to,make
light
of,catch
sight
of,keep
an
eye
on,put
an
end
to,give
rise
to等。
He
made
light
of
what
she
had
done
for
him.
他轻视她为他所做的一切。
此外还有由其他方式构成的短语动词,如take
place,make
sure,get
in
touch
with等。(共39张PPT)
Section
Ⅲ Task
&
Project
一
二
三
Pre-reading?
一、写作词汇
语境考查:预习P59~63的词汇,完成下列小对话或语段
1.—What
do
you
think
of
the
young
man?
—He
is
very
(好斗的).?
2.—How
can
I
get
to
the
nearest
hospital?
—Turn
left
at
the
second
(十字路口).?
3.—What
are
the
workers
busy
doing
over
there?
—They
are
(装上)the
truck
with
some
apples.?
4.—What
(出现)at
the
last
meeting??
—Someone
left
the
meeting.
aggressive
crossing
loading
arose
一
二
三
5.My
brother
had
made
a
(预定)at
the
restaurant.He
is
always
(守时的).To
get
to
the
restaurant
on
time,I
(加速)on
my
way.However,I
hit
a
(骑自行车的人)before
I
could
(刹车).?
6.One
day
a
(喝醉的)driver
was
driving
his
car
on
the
road
when
the
car
hit
a
(步行者)who
was
very
(好斗的).The
driver
was
too
nervous
to
stop
the
car.When
his
car
was
crossing
the
second
(拐弯处),his
car
was
stopped
and
the
driver
was
caught
for
(违反)the
traffic
rules
by
the
policeman.?
reservation
punctual
sped
up
cyclist
brake
drunk
pedestrian
aggressive
turning
violating
一
二
三
二、阅读词汇
预习P59~63的词汇,写出画线部分的汉语意思
On
departure
1. from
the
port
2.
,the
ferry
3.
was
caught
in
the
heavy
rain.The
people
in
the
ferry
were
worried,for
if
their
relatives
and
friends
knew
that
they
were
not
punctual
4. ,something
unexpected
would
arise
5.
.Fortunately,later
the
rain
stopped
and
the
ferry
returned
to
normal
and
all
the
people
got
home,safe
and
sound.?
离开
港口
渡船
守时的
出现
一
二
三
三、阅读课文,完成下列各题
阅读Project
A中的材料,回答下列问题
1.Who
have
responsibilities
to
prevent
accidents?
A.Drivers. B.Pedestrians.
C.Policemen.
D.Everyone.
2.We
should
do
the
following
things
except
.?
A.speaking
on
the
mobile
phone
while
driving
B.being
patient
in
a
traffic
jam
C.walking
across
the
road
on
a
crossing
D.obeying
traffic
lights
D
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1.There
are
many
flights
to
Dalian,and
the
city
has
good
air
connections
with
most
large
cities
in
China,but
you
need
to
make
reservations
in
advance.(教材P59)
有很多航班飞往大连,大连与中国大多数大城市之间有航线,但你得提前订票。
★考点 reservation
n.预定;预约;保留意见
①Could
you
tell
me
my
reservation
number,please?
请你告诉我我的预订号码好吗?
②I
recommend
him
without
reservation,as
I
believe
you
will
appreciate
his
ability
in
his
studies.
我毫无保留地推荐他,因为我相信,您会赏识他的研究能力。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词或词组的含义
③I’d
like
to
make
a
reservation.
我想预定。
含义
预定
④I
have
reserved
a
table
at
the
restaurant.
我已在饭店预订了一桌菜。
含义
预定
reservation
n.预定;预约;保留意见
make
a
reservation
预定
reserve
vt.预定
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2.A
new
service
has
just
opened
between
Beijing
and
Dalian
and
this
has
speeded
up
travel
between
the
two
cities.(教材P59)
一项新的服务刚刚在北京和大连之间开通了,这就加快了这两个城市之间的旅行速度。
★考点 speed
up
加速
①The
order
No.105
is
so
urgently
required
that
we
have
to
ask
you
to
speed
up
shipment.
105号订单所订货物我们要急用,请你们加快装船速度。
②We’ll
be
late
unless
we
speed
up.
我们要不加快点就要迟到了。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出句中黑体词构成的词组及其含义
③The
train
began
to
pick
up
speed.
火车开始加速。
词组
pick
up
speed 含义
加速?
④The
train
is
running
at
full
speed.
火车正在全速行驶。
词组
at
full
speed
含义
全速?
⑤The
train
is
running
at
the
speed
of
300
kilometres
an
hour.
火车正在以每小时300千米的速度行驶。
词组
at
the
speed
of
含义
以……的速度?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
speed
up
加速
pick
up
speed
加速
at
full
speed
全速
at
the
speed
of
以……的速度
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
3.Check
timetables
for
departure
and
arrival
times.(教材P59)
查一下时间表,看看离开和到达的时间。
★考点 departure
n.离开;出发;背离;违反
①We
made
our
departure
in
the
early
morning.
我们一大早就起程了。
②His
way
of
doing
things
is
a
departure
from
the
standard
procedure.
他的做事方式与标准程序存在分歧。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性和含义
③The
train
to
Beijing
will
depart
from
platform
3
in
half
an
hour.
开往北京的火车将于半小时后从三站台开出。
词性
动词 含义
出发,离开
④The
war
forced
us
to
depart
from
the
old
customs.
战争迫使我们不得不违背旧习俗。
词性
动词 含义
背离,违背
departure
n.离开;出发;背离;违反
depart
v.出发,离开;背离
depart
from...从……出发;背离了……
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
4.Sometimes
the
slow
ferries
are
not
very
punctual
and
there
may
be
long
delays.(教材P59)
有时这些慢船不是那么准时,可能有很长时间的延误。
★考点 punctual
adj.准时的,守时的
①My
cat
makes
a
punctual
appearance
at
mealtimes.
我的猫一到用餐时间就会准时出现。
②Not
being
punctual
is
his
greatest
shortcoming.
不守时是他最大的缺点。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词或词组的含义
③Mary
arrived
punctually
at
ten
o’clock.
玛丽十点钟准时到达。
含义
准时地
④He
is
always
punctual
for
appointments.
他总是准时赴约。
含义
对……准时的
⑤The
unpunctual
man
never
does
what
he
has
to
do
at
the
proper
time.
不守时的人从不按时完成他应该做的事情。
含义
不守时的
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
punctual
adj.准时的,守时的
punctually
adv.准时地
be
punctual
for...对……准时的
unpunctual
adj.不守时的
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
5.The
number
of
road
accidents
and
the
deaths
arising
from
those
accidents
has
increased
over
the
past
year.(教材P62)
在过去的一年里,道路事故及由此造成的死亡人数均有所增长。
★考点 arise
vi.出现;发生
①Tell
our
students
to
keep
calm
when
problems
arise.
告诉我们的学生遇事要沉着。
②Various
new
problems
may
arise
in
future.
今后可能会出现种种新问题。
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
③Emotional
or
mental
problems
can
arise
from
a
physical
cause.
情绪或精神上的问题可能起因于身体上的原因。
词组
arise
from... 含义
起因于……?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
arise,rise和raise
arise
vi.出现;发生
arise
from...起因于……
原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
arise(vi.)出现,发生,起因于
arose
arisen
arising
rise(vi.)升起,起身,增长,上升
rose
risen
rising
raise(vt.)举起,唤起,提高,饲养
raised
raised
raising
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
5
6
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
6.This
notice
is
aimed
at
increasing
people’s
knowledge
of
the
problem.(教材P62)
这个通知目的是增加人们对这个问题的知识。
★考点 aim
v.瞄准 n.目标
①The
aim
of
the
policy
is
the
preservation
of
peace.
这一政策旨在维护和平。
②He
aims
to
be
a
successful
writer.
他的目标是成为一个成功的作家。
5
6
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
③The
hunter
aimed
his
gun
at
the
animal.
猎人把枪对准了那只动物。
词组
aim...at... 含义
向……瞄准
④This
anti-alcohol
campaign
is
mainly
aimed
at
young
teenagers.
这场反酗酒运动主要是针对青少年的。
词组
be
aimed
at... 含义
针对?
⑤He
aims
to
be
a
successful
writer.
他的目标是成为一个成功的作家。
词组
aim
to
do... 含义
目标是做……?
5
6
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
aim
v.瞄准;n.目标
aim...at...向……瞄准
be
aimed
at...针对;目的是……
aim
to
do...
目标是做……
5
6
1
2
3
4
7
8
9
6
7
5
1
2
3
4
8
9
7.When
drivers
do
not
pay
attention
to
surrounding
traffic,they
are
not
ready
when
another
driver
does
something
wrong,like
turning
without
signalling
or
giving
wrong
signals.(教材P62)
如果司机不注意周围的交通状况,当另一位司机操作有误时,如未给出信号或给出了错误的信号就转向时,那么这些司机就没做好准备。
★考点 这是一个复合句,第一个when引导的从句表示条件;第二个when引导时间状语从句。
①Press
the
button
when
there
is
a
fire.
如果发生火灾,就按下这个按钮。
②I
was
about
to
leave
when
the
telephone
rang.
我正准备离开,这时电话响了。
6
7
5
1
2
3
4
8
9
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出when引导的从句类型及其含义
③I
need
ten
days
to
finish
the
work
when
I
only
have
five.
我需要十天才能完成这份工作,可我只有五天时间。
从句类型
让步状语从句 含义
然而,虽然
④Why
are
you
looking
for
a
new
job
when
you
have
got
one?
既然你已经有工作了,为什么还在找新的呢?
从句类型
原因状语从句
含义
既然
when用作连词,可引导时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和原因状语从句等。
6
7
5
1
2
3
4
8
9
7
8
6
5
1
2
3
4
9
8.Recently
the
number
of
people
fined
for
speaking
on
their
mobile
phones
while
driving
has
increased
by
30
per
cent.(教材P62)
近来,因驾车时用手机打电话而被罚款的司机人数增长了30%。
★考点 fine
vt.处以罚金 n.罚金
①The
judge
imposed
a
fine
of
ten
pounds
on
him.
这个法官让他缴纳10英镑的罚款。
②The
driver
paid
a
fifty-dollar
fine
for
speeding.
司机因超速行驶付了五十美元的罚金。
7
8
6
5
1
2
3
4
9
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性和含义
③My
teacher
has
a
fine
character.
我的老师有着良好的品质。
词性
形容词 含义
好的
④—How
are
you?—I’m
fine,thank
you.
——你好吗?——很好,谢谢。
词性
形容词 含义
身体好的
⑤That
suits
me
fine.
那对我很合适。
词性
副词 含义
很好地
7
8
6
5
1
2
3
4
9
8
9
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
9.Carrying
more
than
a
light
load
on
your
bicycle
makes
it
more
difficult
to
control.(教材P63)
用自行车带上重物使得车子难以控制。
★考点 load
n.负荷,负载;大量,许多 vt.装载,装入,装上
①A
plane
can
carry
only
so
much
load
after
all.
一架飞机终归只能承载那么多的负荷。
②To
do
this,you
need
load
tooling.
为了做到这一点,您需要加载工具。
8
9
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
考点延伸?
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词构成的词组及其含义
③He
loaded
up
the
car
with
camping
gear.
他把露营用具装进了汽车。
词组
load
up...with... 含义
(把大量……)装上,装入?
④I’ve
never
heard
such
a
load
of
garbage!
这么胡说八道我还从来没听说过!
词组
a
load
of 含义
许多……?
⑤His
words
took
a
load
off
her
mind.
他的话打消了她的顾虑。
词组
take
a
load
off
one’s
mind 含义
打消某人的顾虑?
⑥The
big
truck
is
loaded
with
many
bikes.
这辆大卡车装满了自行车。
8
9
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
load...with...
用……装上……
load
up...with...
(把大量……)装上,装入
a
load/loads
of...
许多……
take
a
load
off
one’s
mind
打消某人的顾虑
loaded
adj.
装满的,装有……的
be
loaded
with...
装满……的
8
9
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
8
9
7
6
5
1
2
3
4(共10张PPT)
Section
Ⅳ Writing
写作指导
常用句式
针对训练
如何写英文电子邮件
1.从称呼开始
用称呼语开始邮件内容非常重要,例如“Dear
Lillian,”。根据你与收件人的关系,你可以选择使用他们的姓氏来称呼他们或直呼其名。
2.感谢收件人
如果你在回复客户的询问,你应该以感谢开头。如果此人已经回复过你的一封邮件了,那就一定要说,“Thanks
for
getting
back
to
me.”。
写作指导
常用句式
针对训练
3.表明你的意图
如果是你主动写电子邮件给别人的话,那就不必写什么感谢的字句了。那就以你写此邮件的目的开头。例如,“I
am
writing
to
enquire
about...”或是“I
am
writing
in
reference
to...”在电子邮件开头澄清你的来意非常重要,这样才能更好地引出邮件的主要内容。
4.结束语
在你结束邮件之前,再次感谢收信人并加上些礼貌语结尾。你可以写,“If
you
have
any
questions
or
concerns,don’t
hesitate
to
let
me
know.”
及“I
look
forward
to
hearing
from
you.”
最后是写上合适的结尾并附上你的名字。“Best
regards”
“Sincerely”及“Thank
you”都很规范。
写作指导
常用句式
针对训练
Hope
you
have
a
good
trip.祝旅途愉快。
How
are
you?你好吗?
How
is
the
project
going
on?项目进行顺利吗?
I
suggest...我建议……
I
would
like
to...我建议……
I
want
to
talk
to
you...我想跟你谈……
Shall
you
have
any
problem
accessing
the
folders,please
let
me
know.如果取文件有任何问题请和我联系。
Thank
you
and
look
forward
to...
谢谢你,期待能……
Look
forward
to
your
suggestions
soon.
期待很快收到您的建议!
写作指导
常用句式
针对训练
What
is
your
opinion
on
the
schedule?
你对计划方面有什么想法?
What
do
you
think
about
this?
这个你怎么想?
Any
question,please
don’t
hesitate
to
let
me
know.
有任何问题,请马上联系我。
Any
question,please
let
me
know.
有任何问题,请让我知道。
Please
let
me
know
if
you
have
any
question
on
this.
在这上面有任何问题,欢迎和我联系。
Do
you
have
any
idea
about
this?
对于这个您有什么建议吗?
写作指导
常用句式
针对训练
假如你是李华,你校即将举行一年一度的“校园书市(campus
book
fair)”活动,其目的是给同学们提供一个交换、利用图书的机会。请你给你的加拿大笔友Mike写一封电子邮件,介绍此次活动的有关情况。内容应包括:
1.活动目的;
2.活动内容:买书,卖书,交换图书;
3.活动意义。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
写作指导
常用句式
针对训练
Dear
Mike,
How
are
you
doing
these
days?
?
?
?
?
?
Yours,
Li
Hua
写作指导
常用句式
针对训练
【写作指导】
※主题:campus
book
fair
※必备词汇:aim
at,platform,exchange,attract,exhibition,diverse,develop,at
a
low
price
※必备句型:
1)Aimed
at
providing...
2)The
fair
will
attract...
3)For
one
thing...,for
another
thing...
4)Let
me
know
if
you...
写作指导
常用句式
针对训练
参考范文
Dear
Mike,?
How
are
you
doing
these
days??
Aimed
at
providing
a
platform
where
students
can
have
a
chance
to
exchange
and
make
use
of
their
books,the
annual
campus
book
fair
will
soon
be
held
in
our
school.The
fair
will
attract
a
huge
crowd
from
the
entire
school,who
are
to
sell,purchase
and
exchange
their
second-hand
books
with
their
peers.
写作指导
常用句式
针对训练
I’ve
found
myself
increasingly
drawn
by
the
fair.For
one
thing,the
fair
exhibits
books
of
hundreds
of
types
on
diverse
topics,motivating
us
to
further
develop
our
reading
habits
and
help
to
broaden
our
horizons.For
another,most
books
are
sold
at
a
lower
price
than
what
the
bookstores
offer.
Please
let
me
know
if
you
have
any
suggestions
on
how
to
host
such
a
book
fair
better.
Yours,
Li
Hua?(共19张PPT)
单元重点小结
重点句型
重点语法
功能
1.Passengers
were
transported
in
carriages
without
windows,
the
narrow
tunnels
by
steam
engines.?
用没有窗户的车运送乘客,这些车被蒸汽机拉着穿过狭窄的通道。
2.Because
of
the
smoke
from
the
steam
engines,early
underground
lines
needed
large
holes
at
regular
intervals,so
that
people
could
get
fresh
air
and
would
not
choke.?
由于来自发动机的烟,早期的地铁线需要大量的通到地表的有规则间隔的小洞,以便人们能够呼吸到新鲜的空气而不至于窒息。
which
were
pulled
through
leading
to
the
surface
走进高考
拓展阅读
重点句型
重点语法
功能
3. ,a
wealthy
American
businessman,Charles
Yerkes,undertook
the
job
of
improving
the
system
in
1902
by
obtaining
ownership
of
the
many
different
lines
and
setting
up
the
Underground
Electric
Railways
Company
of
London.?
看到这种情况,一位叫查尔斯·耶基斯的美国富商于1902年承担起了改善地铁系统的工程,他买下许多不同的地铁线,创立了伦敦电力地铁公司。
4.
surrounding
traffic,they
are
not
ready
when
another
driver
does
something
wrong,like
turning
without
signalling
or
giving
wrong
signals.?
如果司机不注意周围的交通状况,当另一位司机操作有误时,如未给出信号或给出了错误的信号就转向时,那么这些司机就没做好准备。
Having
seen
the
situation
When
drivers
do
not
pay
attention
to
走进高考
拓展阅读
重点句型
重点语法
功能
动词短语
1.动词短语中的副词可位于宾语前也可位于宾语后
London
transport
hopes
to
the
system
in
September.?
伦敦交通希望在九月份实验这个系统。
2.带有副词的动词短语后面不总是接宾语。
The
fire
at
midnight.火灾在午夜发生。?
3.带有介词的动词短语后要接宾语。
Sometimes
people
travel
information
from
travel
agencies.?
有时候人们从旅行社询问旅行信息。
try
out
broke
out
ask
for
走进高考
拓展阅读
重点句型
重点语法
功能
4.动词短语经常有特定的意思
Tell
your
father
to
smoking.?
告诉你父亲戒烟。
She
is
in
the
kitchen.?
她正在厨房里洗涮。
He
his
own
business
in
2010.?
他在2010年建立了自己的公司。
I
spent
two
days
my
dog.?
我花了两天时间照看我的狗。
give
up
washing
up
set
up
looking
after
走进高考
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重点句型
重点语法
功能
5.很多动词短语不止有一个意思。
It
was
too
dark,and
I
couldn’t
make
out
the
words
written
on
the
wall.
天太黑了,我看不清墙上写的字。
I
can’t
what
the
article
says.?
我不明白这篇文章说的什么。
He
that
he
was
familiar
with
the
Prime
Minister.?
他装出和首相很熟的样子。
make
out
made
out
走进高考
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重点句型
重点语法
功能
Talking
about
shopping(谈论购物)
1.She
went
out
to
buy
a
new
dress.她出去买新衣服了。
2.He
had
to
go
to
return
a
gift
to
the
store.
他必须去把一件礼物归还给商店。
3.I
need
to
buy
a
new
umbrella.我需要买一把新雨伞。
4.They
have
sold
out
of
the
brand
that
I
like.
他们已经卖完了我喜欢的那个牌子。
5.Do
you
have
any
shoes
in
my
size?
你们这里有适合我的尺码的鞋子吗?
6.There
is
the
best
electronics
store
in
the
city.本城有最好的电子产品商店。
走进高考
拓展阅读
重点句型
重点语法
功能
7.I
hate
shopping
on
Saturday
mornings.我讨厌在星期六的上午购物。
8.Where
can
I
find
dog
food
in
this
store?在这家店的哪我能找到狗粮?
9.How
much
does
this
cost?这个多少钱?
10.Are
these
items
on
sale?这些东西是打折的吗?
11.Do
you
think
this
dress
is
too
expensive?你认为这件衣服太贵了吗?
12.It’s
pretty
formal
and
I
don’t
have
many
opportunities
to
dress
up.
这件很正式,并且我没有很多机会穿得很正式。
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13.Do
you
think
this
sweater
will
look
good
on
me?
你认为这件毛衣我穿会好看吗?
14.What
length
of
skirt
are
you
looking
to
buy?你要买多长的裙子?
15.I’ll
try
to
see
if
there
are
any
in
my
price
range.
我要看看是否有什么东西,它的价格在我的承受范围之内。
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推理判断题解题技巧
一、题型特点
阅读能力的考查不但要求理解具体事实细节,也要求理解抽象的含义;既要求理解字面意思,又要求理解其深层含义,包括作者的态度、观点、意图等;既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系,又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行推理和判断。推理判断属于高层次阅读理解。常见的提问形式用infer,imply,suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean,describe,purpose等词提问,或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词,如can,could,might,would等和其他表示可能性的副词或词组,如probably,most
likely等。
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二、解题技巧
1.抓住特定的信息进行逆向或正向推理
做此类试题时,要善于利用某一段话中的关键信息,即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理判断,利用逆向思维或正向推理,从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
2.整合全文(段)信息进行推断
做推理题时,有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上,整合与题目相关的有用信息,综合起来进行推理判断,确定最佳结论。
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3.利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断
几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性,这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态以及作者的写作意图,因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。认真阅读原文并找出反映语境褒贬性及变化的标志性词汇或句子,对掌握文章主旨大意,了解主人公的心理特点及发展变化,从而进行正确的逻辑判断很有好处。
4.根据文章的结论推断作者的态度
作者的态度、倾向是作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定,对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间,或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此,在推断过程中,应特别注意文章中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感彩的形容词。
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5.根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论
逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理,从而得出合乎逻辑的结论,而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。做这类题时,应把握作者的写作思路,预测下文可能发展的内容。文章可按照事件发展的经过描写,也可按因果关系、对比关系来描写。
6.结合自己已有的知识进行推断
知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节,运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲,从而得出符合文章意思的结论的一种推断方法。知识推断题一般都是针对细节。
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Road
safety:a
public
health
issue
The
world’s
road
traffic
death
first
arose
in
1896.More
than
a
century
later,1.2
million
people
are
killed
on
roads
every
year
and
up
to
50
million
more
are
injured.These
accidents
of
the
road
will
increase
if
action
is
not
taken.
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Throughout
the
world,roads
are
bustling①
with
cars,buses,trucks,motorcycles,and
other
types
of
two-and-three
wheelers.By
making
the
transportation
of
goods
and
people
faster
and
more
efficient,these
vehicles
support
economic
and
social
development
in
many
countries.But
while
motorized
travel
provides
many
benefits,it
can
also
do
serious
harm
unless
safety
is
made
a
priority②.Pedestrians
and
cyclists
using
roads
are
particularly
at
risk.Crashes
are
frequent.Deaths
and
injuries
are
common.
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If
current
trends
continue,the
number
of
people
killed
and
injured
on
the
world’s
roads
will
rise
by
more
than
60%
between
2000
and
2020.Most
of
these
injuries
will
occur
in
developing
countries
where
more
and
more
people
are
using
motorized
transport.In
these
countries,cyclists,motorcyclists,users
of
public
transport,and
pedestrians
are
especially
vulnerable③
to
road
traffic
injuries.
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Road
deaths
and
injuries
are
preventable
There
are
solutions
to
the
road
safety
problem.A
wide
range
of
effective
interventions④
exist,and
experience
in
countries
with
long
histories
of
motorized
travel
has
shown
that
a
scientific“systems
approach”
to
road
safety
is
essential
to
tackling
the
problem.This
approach
addresses
the
traffic
system
as
a
whole
and
looks
at
the
interactions⑤
between
vehicles,road
users
and
the
road
infrastructure
to
identify
solutions.
There
is
no
single
blueprint
for
road
safety.Interventions
and
strategies
that
work
in
one
setting
may
need
to
be
adapted
elsewhere.During
the
coming
months,WHO
will
focus
specifically
on
interventions
relating
to
five
of
the
many
factors
that
cause
road
traffic
deaths
and
injuries.
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词海拾贝?
1.bustling
[?b?s?lI?]
adj.熙熙攘攘的
2.priority
[praI??r?tI]
n.优先
3.vulnerable
[?v?ln?r?bl]
adj.易受伤害的;易受攻击的
4.intervention
[?Int??ven??n]
n.调停;干预
5.interaction
[?Int?r??k??n]
n.相互作用
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理解诱思?
1.Which
of
the
following
statements
is
true
according
to
the
passage?
A.The
accidents
of
the
road
will
decrease
if
some
measures
are
taken.
B.The
number
of
people
killed
and
injured
on
the
world’s
roads
will
rise
by
more
than
40%
between
2000
and
2020.
C.If
safety
is
made
a
priority,the
situation
will
be
better.
D.There
are
no
solutions
to
the
road
safety
problem.
答案C
2.What
should
every
citizen
do
to
keep
the
roads
safety?
答案Every
citizen
should
obey
the
traffic
rules
whenever
they
are
on
the
roads.
