2011-2012学年初中英语八年级上册（人教新目标）素材（含教案和练习） unit 11 could you please clean your room

2011-2012学年初中英语八年级上册（人教新目标）素材（含教案和练习） Unit 11 Could you please clean your room
一、学习目标：
1、知识目标：
掌握本讲的单词、短语、句型和语法。
2、能力目标：
能够用英语谈论未来自己理想的职业及实现的方法和途径。
3、情感目标：
学会合理安排自己的业余生活，思考自己的理想，并为理想而努力。
二、重点、难点：
重点：单词borrow, invite, feed, mine；
短语do the dishes, make one’s/the bed, work on；
句型1. Could you please take out the trash
2. I hate to do chores.
3. Thanks for taking care of my dog.
难点：borrow, lend, keep的用法区别；形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的用法区别。
三、知能提升：
（一）重点单词
［单词学习］
◎ borrow
【用法】borrow意为：借，借入，借用。表示主语从别人那里借来东西（借入），常与from连用。
【例句】1. May I borrow your book
2. You can borrow the book from the library.
【考查点】辨析：borrow, lend, keep
lend指把东西借给别人（借出），常用结构为lend sb. sth.，相当于lend sth. to sb.。
He often lends me some money. = He often lends some money to me.
keep 用于表示借用时间的长短，可以和表示时间段的时间状语及how long等连用。
How long may I keep the book
【易错点】混淆三者的用法
【考题链接】
—Bob, may I your MP4
—Sure. But you’d better not it to others.
A. lend; lend B. lend; borrow
C. borrow; borrow D. borrow; lend
答案：D
解题思路：borrow和lend均意为“借”，但borrow对主语而言是“借入”；lend对主语而言是“借出”。由题意“Bob，我可以借一下你的MP4吗？”“当然可以，但你最好不要借给别人”可知前者为“借入”，后者为“借出”。
◎ invite
【用法】invite用作及物动词，意为“邀请，恳请”。常用搭配有：invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事”；invite sb. to some place意为“邀请某人到某处”；invite sb. for sth. 意为“为某事邀请某人”。invitation 是invite的名词形式，意为“邀请，邀请书”。
【例句】1. May I invite you to have dinner with me
2. Jane invited all her friends to the party.
3. I want to invite you for a drink.
【考查点】invite的不同搭配
【易错点】没有识记结构
【考题链接】
They her to the party, so she was very happy.
A. invite B. invited C. will invite D. are inviting
答案：B
解题思路：so为并列连词，故前后两句的时态应一致。
◎ feed
【用法1】feed sb. /sth. 意为“喂养，饲养，为……提供食品”。
【例句】Did you feed the dog
【用法2】feed sth. to…意为“用某物喂……”。
【例句】Mary often feeds fish to her cat.
【用法3】feed on 意为“（动物）以……为食（物）”。
【例句】Some animals feed on grass.
【考查点】feed 不同的用法
【易错点】没有识记结构
【考题链接】
The cows are grass.
A. feeding B. feeding on C. feeding with D. feed on
答案：B
解题思路：feed用作不及物动词时，意为“（牛、马、羊等）吃……”，常与on连用，所以排除A、C。该句是现在进行时，be后应接动词feed的现在分词feeding，因此本题选B，意思是“母牛正在吃草。”
◎ mine
【用法】mine是I 的所有格，意为“我的（东西）”。是一个名词性物主代词，具有名词的功能。相当于“my+名词”，用mine时，其后不出现名词。
【例句】1. That’s your coat. Mine (=My coat) is here.
2. Your idea is different from mine (=my idea) .
【考查点】形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词
数人称种类 单数 复数
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their
名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
汉语 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（她、它）们的
【易错点】将二者混淆
记忆口诀（一）：
物主代词分两类，形容词性、名词性。
形容词性作定语，后面须把名词用。
名词性，单独用，主语宾表它都行。
记忆口诀（二）：
物主代词分两家，形、名词性各一霸；
his, its 无变化，my, mine 记牢它；
其余变形规律化，形容（词性）后面加尾巴（-s）。
【考题链接】
—Is this your history book
—No, is in my schoolbag. Perhaps it’s .
A. his; Li Ping’s B. mine; Li Ping C. mine; Li Ping’s
答案：C
解题思路：mine在此相当于my history book；Li Ping’s 表示Li Ping’s history book。
［即学即练］
1. May I borrow your pen, please （同义句转化）
Could you your pen me, please
2. I invited him our school last year.
A. to visit B. visited C. visiting D. visits
3. —Sonia, is this your dictionary
—Oh, no, it’s not . Ask Li Lei. He is looking for .
A. me; hers B. mine; him C. my; her D. mine; his
4. 别忘了给它喂食。
Don’t forget it.
（二）重点短语
［短语学习］
◎ do the dishes
【用法】do the dishes意为“洗餐具”。当dish以复数形式出现时，统指餐桌上的各种餐具，如杯、盘、碟等。
【例句】Look! The girl is doing the dishes in the kitchen.
【考查点】do the laundry, do chores与make one’s/the bed
【易错点】混淆动词do与make
【考题链接】
My mother can cook dishes well. But I can not. So I always .
A. cook dishes B. clean clothes C. make meals D. do the dishes
答案：D
解题思路：由“妈妈烧菜烧得好。我不会烧菜。”可知，我只能“洗餐具”。
◎ work on
【用法】意思是“从事，忙于，着手开始”，其翻译要根据所接的宾语而定。on是介词，后接名词、代词或动词的ing形式作宾语。
【例句】
1. He is working on a new book. 他正在写一本新书。
2. My bike is broken, so I have to work on it. 我的自行车坏了，所以我得修一下（它）。
【考查点】短语本身
【易错点】介词on
【考题链接】
I’m still working the problem, but I think I can work it soon.
A. on; on B. on; out C. out; at D. at; at
答案：B
解题思路：work on 意为“从事，忙于”，on 为介词；work out意为“计算出，解决”，out为副词。
［即学即练］
1. —Tina, I supper but you the dishes. OK
—Sure.
A. make; do B. do; make C. make; make D. do; do
2. 五年前他开始从事英语教学工作。
He English teaching five years ago.
（三）重点句型
［句型学习］
◎ Could you please take out the trash
could可用来表示请求、提出礼貌的要求或请求许可。
【用法1】提出礼貌的要求。
Could you please do… 表示请求帮助，意为“请你（做）……好吗？”其否定形式为Could you please not do… 在回答Could you please do… 这一问句时，答语可以是Certainly./Of course./With pleasure./No problem ./ Yes, sure./ Sorry, I can’t, I have to…/I’m afraid not.
【例句】1. —Could you please pass me the book on the desk
—Of course.
2. —Could you give me a bottle of orange juice
—Sure. Here you are.
【用法2】表示请求许可。
Could I do… 意为“我可以做……吗？”用这一句型表示请求对方准许时，对方不能用could回答，而要用can。其答语可以是Yes, you can./Of course, you can./ No, you can’t. / Sorry, you can’t.。
【例句】1. —Could I hang out
—Yes, of course you can.
2. —Could I smoke here, please
—No, you can’t. Look at the sign “No smoking!”.
【考查点】对这个句型的理解及运用
【易错点】如果问句中用could表示请求，许可，那么回答时要用can或can’t，不能出现could。
【考题链接】
1. —Could you please not keep the water running
— . I’m turning off the shower.
A. OK, I will B. Sorry, I will C. That’s all right D. Sorry, I won’t
答案：D
解题思路：句意为“请不要让水一直流好吗？”“对不起，我会关上喷头的。”A项不符合题意；B项意为“对不起，我会这样做的。”显然不对。C项为回答感谢的用语；D项为“对不起，我不这样了”。
2. —Could I go to the movie this weekend, Dad
—Yes, you . But you have to come back before nine.
A. shall B. must C. need D. can
答案：D
解题思路：此题考查对Could I …的回答。对这一句型的回答一般不用could，而用can来回答。
◎ I hate to do chores.
【用法】hate用作动词，表示“不喜欢，讨厌，恨”，没有进行时态。hate后可接to do，表示具体的一次性的动作；也可接doing，表示习惯性、经常性的动作。
【例句】1. Lily hates to smoke.
2. She hates traveling by plane.
【考查点】hate to do与hate doing
【易错点】没有识记结构
【考题链接】
我不喜欢周日呆在家里。
I hate on Sundays.
答案：staying at home
解题思路：hate意为“讨厌，不喜欢”，其后可接不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，前者表示一次性的动作，后者表示习惯性的动作；“呆在家里”为stay at home。
◎ Thanks for taking care of my dog.
【用法1】这是用以向对方的行为表示感谢的日常用语。其中thanks也可以说成thank you， for作介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，表示感谢的原因。
【例句】1. Thanks for your advice.
2. Thanks for helping me. You’re so kind!
【用法2】take care of是固定短语，意为“照顾，照看”，其同义短语为look after。
【例句】You must take care of/look after your grandma.
【考查点】短语本身
【易错点】没有识记搭配
【考题链接】
Can you my Mimi when I am away
A. take away B. take care of C. take out D. take off
答案：B
解题思路：句意为“我走后你能照顾我的咪咪吗？” take away 意为“带走”，take out意为“取出”，take off意为“脱下”，均不符合题意，故选择take care of，意为“照看，照顾”。
［即学即练］
1. —Could you please do the dishes, Lana I’m cleaning the room.
— .
A. Yes, sure B. Yes, you can C. No, thanks D. No, you can’t
2. Amy, I’ll be on holiday for a week. Could you help me my dog
A. look for B. look at C. look after D. look over
3. Tom doesn’t like travelling. （改为同义句）
Tom .
预习导学
上册Unit 12 What’s the best radio station
一、预习新知
重点单词：without, enough, price;
重点短语：be close to; do a survey of…；
重点句型：Can I ask you some questions
二、预习点拨
思考问题一：enough的用法有哪些？
思考问题二：some和any如何使用？
同步练习
（答题时间：45分钟）
Ⅰ. 单项选择
﹡1. ─Is this your shirt, Jim
─No, it isn’t. is over there.
A. My B. I C. Me D. Mine
2. ─What are you doing there
─I am doing the . How dirty these clothes are!
A. dishes B. reading C. laundry D. sports
3. ─Li Ming, when did you come to my house
─This morning, but you weren’t .
A. in B. out C. over D. for
﹡4. Thanks taking care of my little dog.
A. to B. for C. about D. on
5. Children often play the snow in winter.
A. with B. for C. against D. in
﹡6. Could I some money from you
A. borrow B. lend C. use D. ask
7. ─Why don’t you help your mother do the dishes
─Because I to do chores.
A. hate B. like C. enjoy D. use
8. Jim, your bed after you get up in the morning.
A. fold B. make C. show D. put
9. My parents are out. I have to my baby brother.
A. look at B. look for C. take away D. take care of
﹡10. ─Could I use your computer
─Sorry. I am it.
A. taking out B. turning on C. working on D. depending on
﹡11. Last week I met my old friend Li Ming, but I forgot him for his telephone number.
A. ask B. asking C. asked D. to ask
﹡12. ─ you please play basketball with us
─Sorry, I .
A. Could; can’t B. Could; didn’t C. Can; don’t D. Can; couldn’t
13. You can go out, but you clean your room first.
A. have B. are C. could D. have to
14. ─May I borrow your bike, Linda
─ . Here you are.
A. I’m not sure B. I’m sorry C. I hope not D. No problem
15. ─I think running is an easy way to keep healthy.
─ , but Bill doesn’t think so.
A. I disagree B. I agree C. I’m afraid not D. I don’t think so
Ⅱ. 完形填空
What do you think of doing chores In fact, very 1 people like doing chores around the house. 2 , we all know that people must do them. Kids who live 3 Washington have chores to do to 4 their family every day. The chores are different 5 different kids. Parents often show them 6 to do different chores.
It is good for parents to 7 their children to do chores at 8 early age. Many parents think chores are 9 for children—even very young ones. Children 10 many important skills to do chores. The skills will be good for children in their lives.
1. A. many B. much C. little D. few
2. A. However B. So C. For D. Until
3. A. on B. with C. for D. in
4. A. do B. help C. hold D. save
5. A. for B. of C. in D. from
6. A. what B. how C. that D. which
7. A. make B. keep C. teach D. let
8. A. a B. the C. an D. /
9. A. important B. boring C. tired D. free
10. A. make B. need C. do D. call
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
﹡A
David did well in all his subjects except（除……之外）physics. Mr Brown, his physics teacher, gave him his physics paper and said to him, “Show it to your dad and ask him to sign his name（签名）on the paper.”
David played football until it was 7 o’clock. When he got home, his parents finished supper. His dad was watching TV and his mom was doing the dishes in the kitchen as usual（像往常一样）.
“Dad, may I ask you some questions ” David asked happily. “Yes, of course,” said his dad.
“If you can’t answer them, you’ll have to do something for me.” “OK, I’ll do as you tell me,” said his dad.
“What is cooler, walking or sitting in the sun ” “Walking is cooler. It can make wind.”
“Which clothes can keep out（阻挡）the sunlight, shirts or coats ” “Coats can keep out the sunlight because they are much thicker（比较厚）than shirts.”
“Is a man smart if he wears a coat and walks in the sun in summer ” David looked at his dad and waited for his answer. His dad thought for a minute and shook his head（摇头）.
David took out his paper, “Now sign your name on the paper, please.”
1. What does Mr Brown teach at school
A. Geography. B. How to sing. C. Physics. D. How to play football.
2. Who usually washes the dishes at David’s home
A. The mother. B. The father. C. David. D. Both the parents.
3. What do you think the father has to do finally
A. Do the dishes. B. Sign his name. C. Watch TV. D. Walk in the sun.
4. What do you think of David
A. He isn’t active. B. He is tall and strong.
C. He is smart and athletic. D. He doesn’t work hard at school.
5. Which is NOT true according to the passage
A. David isn’t good at physics.
B. David didn’t go home until 7 pm that day.
C. David’s father answered all his questions.
D. It isn’t smart for a man to wear a coat in the sun.
B
Mrs Smith has two daughters. Let’s have a look at what chores they do at home.
“①Alice started doing chores when she was about eight years old. At that time, she did the dishes with ②me together and ③she has to sweep the floor. She is ten years old now. She is now doing the dishes herself and has to do the laundry, too.”
“Amy is four and she started doing chores this July. ④She cleans the table after dinner, and she also learns to fold her own clothes. She likes to help me sweep. I asked her to help mop（拖地）, but she fell down too many times. And ⑤有时候她也帮助她姐姐。Her work is usually not perfect（完美的）.”
“Last week Alice got her pocket money, but lost it two days later. She didn’t do her chores the next two days. She will get the money back if she can keep doing her chores every day till the end of this month.”
根据短文内容，完成下列任务。
6. 将划线句子①改为同义句。
7. 写出划线代词②对应的人物。
8. 划线句子③中有一处错误，请改正。
9. 将划线句子④译成汉语。
10. 将划线句子⑤译成英语。
IV. 词汇
A. 根据句意和首字母提示补全单词。
1. Mom told me to s the floor twice a week.
2. Do you like doing the d after meals
3. They hold a sports m every year.
4. Do you often go to the library to b books
5. I can’t go to the movies with you. I have to f the animals.
B. 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。
﹡6. For children, (clean) their bedrooms themselves is a good habit.
7. Thanks for (invite) me to your home for dinner.
8. Maria, could I use your MP4 (play)
9. Could you please clean the (live) room
﹡10. The girl is old enough (make) her bed.
V. 根据汉语完成句子。每空一词。
1. 我讨厌叠衣服。
I the clothes.
2. 你能和我去趟商店吗？
Could you with me
3. 因为我忘记打扫我的房间了，所以妈妈生气了。
My mother because I forgot my room.
4. 请把垃圾拿出去。
Please .
5. 当我外出时请你照看一下小狗好吗？
Could you please the dog when I am away
VI. 书面表达。
下星期你们全家要去青岛度假，你想请好朋友王林帮忙照顾一下你的宠物狗Doudou。请给她写一封信说明情况。70词左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Wang Lin,
My family is going to Qingdao on vacation next week.
Yours,
Li Hua
试题答案
I. 1. D 解析：mine是一个名词性物主代词，相当于“my＋名词”，在句子中作主语。
2. C 3. A
4. B 解析：Thanks for…为……而感谢，for是介词，后面要接动词的ing形式。
5. A
6. A 解析：borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物；lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
7. A 8. B 9. D
10. C 解析：take out取出；turn on 打开；work on 从事，忙于；depend on依赖，取决于
句意：我可以用你的电脑吗？对不起，我正用着呢。
11. D 解析：forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事，指动作没有发生。forget doing sth. 忘记曾经做过某事，指动作已经发生。
句意：上周我遇到我的老朋友李明了，但是我忘了要他的电话号码了。
12. A 解析：could you please后面要接动词原形，在此could不表示过去，而表示请求、提出礼貌的要求或请求许可，在回答时不能用could，而要用can。
13. D 14. D 15. B
II. 1~5 DADBA 6~10 BCCAB
III. 1~5 CABCC
6. Alice began doing chores at the age of eight.
7. Mrs Smith
8. has →had
9. 她饭后擦桌子，还学着叠自己的衣服。
10. Sometimes she also helps her sister. / Sometimes she helps her sister, too.
IV. 1. sweep 2. dishes 3. meeting 4. borrow 5. feed
6. cleaning 7. inviting 8. player 9. living 10. to make
V. 1. hate folding 2. go to the store 3. got angry; to clean 4. take out the trash
5. take care of
VI.
Dear Wang Lin,
My family is going to Qingdao on vacation next week. Could you please help me take care of my pet dog, Doudou, for a week while we are away
Could you please feed him and give him water three times a day He likes taking a walk in the evening. Please take him for a walk and play with him when you’re free. He’s very cute and I’m sure you’ll like him. Finally, don’t forget to clean his bed.
Thanks a lot.
Yours,
Li Hua