2011-2012学年初中英语八年级上册（人教新目标）素材（含教案和练习） unit 7 how do you make a banana smoothie

2011-2012学年初中英语八年级上册（人教新目标）素材（含教案和练习） Unit 7 How do you make a banana smoothie
一、学习目标：
知识目标：掌握本讲的单词、短语、句型和语法。
能力目标：学会用英语询问和描述一种食物的制作过程。
情感目标：培养学生热爱劳动，帮助父母做家务的好习惯。
二、重点、难点：
重点单词：peel, slice, top;
短语：turn on/off/up/down, cut up；
句型：1. How many bananas do we need
2. How much yogurt do we need
难点：turn on, turn off, turn up, turn down的用法；
可数名词与不可数名词的量的表达。
三、知能提升
（一）重点单词
［单词学习］
◎peel
【用法】peel 意为“剥，削（水果的皮）”，为及物动词，其后既可接名词、代词作宾语，也可接双宾语，即peel sb. sth. 或peel sth. for sb.，意为“给某人削（剥）果皮”。
【例句】
1. I often help my mother peel potatoes.
2. Please peel a banana for me. = Please peel me a banana.
【考查点】单词本身
【易错点】后接双宾语的情况
【考题链接】
Your brother is very young. Please peel an orange him.
A. to B. for C. with D. of
答案：B
解题思路：peel sth. for sb.=peel sb. sth.，意为“给某人削（剥）果皮”。句意为“你弟弟还小，请给他剥一个橘子。”
◎slice
【用法】slice意为“薄片，切片”，常用短语a slice of…表示“一片……”。
【例句】
1. What he needed was just a slice of chicken.
2. Please give me a slice of bread to make a sandwich.
【考查点】用slice来表达不可数名词的量
【易错点】slice的复数形式
【考题链接】
There are two in the basket.
A. bread B. breads C. slices of bread D. slices of breads
答案：C
解题思路：bread是不可数名词，表示复数时，只能在表示数量的名词上体现。
◎ top
【用法】top是名词，意为“顶；上部”，on the top意为“在上面”；on 表示在一个面上，top后常接of。
【例句】
1. The mountain tops are covered with snow.
2. She put some sugar on the top of her cake.
【考查点】短语on the top of…
【易错点】介词on
【考题链接】
the top of the hill, there are many trees.
A. With B. On C. In D. Under
答案：B
解题思路：句意为“在山顶上有很多树。”on the top of…表示“在……的顶部”，为固定搭配。
［即学即练］
1. Before we eat bananas, we should them first.
A. cut B. mix C. peel D. check
2. Pass me three (slice) of chicken.
3. The high mountain has a tower on the t of it. （根据句意及首字母提示完成单词）
（二）重点短语
［短语学习］
◎ turn on
【用法】turn on意为“打开，旋开（电灯、煤气、自来水、无线电等）”，其反义词组是turn off “关（水源、煤气、电灯等）。
注意：“开（关）门、窗、盒子”等用动词open和close。
【例句】
1. It’s too dark.. Please turn on the light.
2. Please turn off the TV when you leave the room.
【考查点】短语辨析：turn on, turn off, turn up, turn down
turn on意为“（把水源、煤气、电源等）打开”，其反义词组为turn off；
turn down 意为“（把收音机的音量、灯等）关小、调低”，其反义词组为turn up。
这些短语中on, off, up, down都是副词，后接代词作宾语时，代词要放在副词的前面。
The radio is very loud. Can you turn it down a little, please
【易错点】代词作宾语时的位置
【考题链接】
1. Please the TV. It’s time for the evening news.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down D. turn up
答案：A
解题思路：turn on意为“打开”；turn off意为“关闭”；turn up意为“把音量调高”；turn down意为“把音量调低”。根据题干中的It’s time for the evening news. 可知是让“打开”电视。
2. Don’t do any other things while you are doing your homework. So please your MP3.
A. turn up B. turn down C. turn on D. turn off
答案：D
解题思路：turn on意为“打开”；turn off意为“关闭”；turn up意为“把音量调高”；turn down意为“把音量调低”。题意“当你做作业时，不要做其他的任何事情，请关闭你的MP3。”
◎cut up
【用法】cut up 意为“切碎”，是由“动词+副词”构成的动词短语，代词作宾语时只能放在中间，名词作宾语时既可放在其中间也可放在副词up的后面。
【例句】
1. This watermelon is too big. Please cut it up.
2. You should cut up the meat first.
【考查点】短语本意
【易错点】代词作宾语时的位置
【考题链接】
Here are the bananas. Please cut .
A. it up B. up it C. them up D. up them
答案：C
解题思路：bananas为复数形式，故代词用them。cut up 后接代词作宾语时代词应放在其中间，而接名词作宾语时，名词既可放在其中间也可放在副词后面。本题中该短语后接代词，故选C。
［即学即练］
1. ─Don’t you think her radio is too noisy
─Yes, I’ll go and ask her to .
A. turn it up B. turn it on C. turn it over D. turn it down
2. Please the light when you leave the room.
A. turn on B. turn down C. turn off D. turn up
3. The apple is too big. You can first.
A. cut them up B. cut up it C. cut it up D. mix it up
（三）重点句型
［句型学习］
◎How many bananas do we need
【用法】how many意为“多少”，后接可数名词的复数形式，用来提问可数名词的数量。
【例句】
1. —How many books do you have —About 50.
2. How many monkeys are there in the zoo
【考查点】在句型转换中，对可数名词的量进行提问。
【易错点】how many后必须接可数名词的复数。
【考题链接】
There is a book on the desk. （对划线部分提问）
there on the desk
答案：How many books are
解题思路：尽管句子中只有a book，但提问时并不知道是单数，故需用how many books。谓语也要相应的用复数形式。
◎How much yogurt do we need
【用法】how much亦意为“多少”，询问不可数名词的数量，后接不可数名词；how much还可以用来提问价格。
【例句】
1. How much milk is there in the cup
2. —How much is the coat —80 yuan.
【考查点】在句型转换中，对不可数名词的量进行提问。
【易错点】how much后必须接不可数名词。
【考题链接】
This jacket costs 200 yuan. （对划线部分提问）
does the jacket cost
答案：How much
解题思路：划线部分表示“价格”，对价格提问应用how much。
［即学即练］
1. We need one teaspoon of honey. （对划线部分提问）
of honey do you need
2. We need one teaspoon of yogurt. （对划线部分提问）
do you need
3. ─ apples do we need
─Four.
A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How soon
4. How honey do we need
A. many B. any C. some D. much
5. How many (glass) of water are there on the table
（四）重点语法：可数名词与不可数名词
［语法学习］
英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。
1. 可数名词
可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前加a或an，表示“一个”，如：a banana。其复数形式要在词尾加s或es（特殊情况除外），如：two bananas。
2. 不可数名词
不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数之分，也不能在词前直接加冠词a或an。表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名词前加相应的数量词构成短语。如：a piece of…, a glass of…, a bottle of…., a bag of…, a teaspoon of…等。
［考题链接］
1. ─How much yogurt do we need
─We need .
A. two yogurt B. two teaspoons of yogurt
C. two yogurts D. two teaspoons of yogurts
答案：B
解题思路：不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能用冠词a/an修饰，但其数量可以通过表示容器或体积大小的名词等与介词of一起构成短语来表示。
2. It’s good to have every day.
A. two glass of milk B. two glass of milks
C. two glasses of milk D. two glasses of milks
答案：C
解题思路：本题考查不可数名词的数量。milk为不可数名词，无复数形式，可排除B和D；但glass为可数名词，有复数形式，故选C。
3. 可数名词与不可数名词的修饰词
1）可数名词的单数形式可在名词前直接加a或an，表示“一个”，如：an apple。其复数形式要在词尾加s或es（特殊情况除外），如：two oranges (两个桔子)。可数名词的数量除了用冠词a，an和基数词表示外，还可用下面的数量词表示：
many 许多 如：many apples 许多苹果
a few 几个 如：a few students 几个学生
few 很少 如：few people 很少人
2）不可数名词还可用下面的数量词表示数量：
much 许多 如：much rain 大量的雨
a little 一点儿 如：a little water 一点儿水
little 很少 如：little meat 一丁点儿肉
3）既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的数量词有：
lots of = a lot of许多，大量 如：lots of paper 大量的纸 a lot of books 很多书
some 一些（用于肯定句） 如：some water一些水 some cups 一些杯子
［考题链接］
Put on a slice of bread.
A. many cheese B. a few relish C. some butter D. relishes
答案：C
解题思路：cheese, relish都是不可数名词，所以不能用many, a few修饰，也不能变为复数形式，故选some butter。
4. 可数名词复数形式的构成方法
名词单数变复数口诀：
<一>名词单数变复数，直接加-s的占多数；词尾若是-s，-x，-ch，sh，直接加上-es。
词尾若是f或fe，加-s之前要变ve；“辅音字母+y”，要把y变i再加-es。
词尾字母若是o，加-es的有hero，tomato和potato。
还有一些不规则，下面咱们来说一说：
男人女人变一个；脚牙一变变一双；小孩后面加三个。鹿和绵羊是一家，单数复数无变化。
［考题链接］
I was so excited when I saw so many on the farm.
A. chicken B. sheep C. duck
答案：B
解题思路：因为many修饰可数名词，而chicken的复数形式为chickens，duck的复数形式为ducks，只有sheep“绵羊”单复数同形。
<二>以-f(e)结尾的名词变复数
树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮，架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。
leaf→leaves; half→halves; wife→wives; knife→knives; shelf→shelves; wolf→wolves;
thief→thieves
两个特例：roof→roofs, scarf→scarfs /scarves
［考题链接］
There are a lot of (leaf) on the tree when spring comes.
答案：leaves
解题思路：以-f(e)结尾的名词变复数，先把f或fe变为ve，再加s。
<三>表示“某国人”的名词变复数
中日不变英法变，其他-s加后面。
Chinese, Japanese, Englishman, Frenchman, American, Australian, German
［即学即练］
1. ─Can I help you
─Bring us two , please.
A. teaspoons of butter B. teaspoon of butter
C. teaspoon of butters D. teaspoons of butters
2. Please give me .
A. three cup of tea B. three cups of teas C. three cup tea D. three cups of tea
3. There are two in the basket.
A. potatos B. tomatos C. potatoes D. zoos
4. I’d like some cheese and (tomato), please.
5. I want to put some (sugar) in the porridge.
预习导学
上册Unit 8 How was your school trip
一、预习新知
重点单词：win, off, luckily
重点短语：hang out, at the end of, have fun
重点句型：1. Did you go to the zoo
2. Were there any sharks
3. What else did you do
二、预习点拨
思考问题一：win和beat的宾语分别是什么样的单词？
思考问题二：luck, lucky, luckily分别是什么词性？
思考问题三：else与other在修饰其他的词时，它们在句中的位置有什么不同
同步练习（答题时间：45分钟）
I. 单项选择
*1. My mother needs onion and potato.
A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a
2. Pour the water the glass, please.
A. of B. into C. on D. in
*3. I like , but I don’t like the milk shake.
A. apple; apple B. apple; apples C. apples; apple D. apples; apples
4. I’m sorry there is sauce in the bottle.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
*5. Bring the relish and put on the bread.
A. it B. them C. its D. one
6. Lucy put a lot of sugar in the tea.
A. two cup B. two cups C. two cup of D. two cups of
7. You need to the banana before eating them.
A. roll B. put C. peel D. add
8. —The apple pieces are too big.
—Yeah. You can first .
A. cut up them B. cut them up C. cut it up D. cut up it
9. I want to watch CCTV news. Please the TV
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down D. turn into
10. — do you make the super turkey sandwich
—Let me tell you the way.
A. What B. Which C. How D. When
11. — slices of bread do we need
—Six.
A. How long B. How many C. How much D. How often
12. — honey would you like
—Three .
A. How many; teaspoon B. How many; teaspoons
C. How much; teaspoon D. How much; teaspoons
*13. —Let’s make Beijing Duck!
— .
A. Yes, I can B. You are right C. No, I don’t D. That’s a good idea
*14. —Would you like a super chicken sandwich
—
A. Yes, please. B. Yes, I will. C. Yes, I like. D. No, I don’t like
15. Don’t the milk into the cup. It’s full.
A. peel B. pour C. leave D. drink
*II. 完形填空
Do you know 1 to make super fruit ice cream Follow the steps below and you can make your own super fruit ice cream.
In 2 a bowl of fruit ice cream, you will need: a cup of yogurt and honey, two cups of milk, two teaspoons of sugar and lemon juice, some apple sauce and cheese, one small watermelon.
The procedure（过程）of making super fruit ice cream:
Step 1: Peel the watermelon. 3
Step 2: Heat the milk. Add the sugar 4 it. Cool it.
Step 3: Pour the yogurt, lemon juice and honey into a bowl. 5
Step 4: Put the apple sauce and cheese into the blender. 6 the blender.
Step 5: 7 the ingredients from the blender. Pour them into the 8 bowl. Cool them in the fridge. Stir（搅拌）them in and put the watermelon pieces 9 the top. Put them into the fridge 10 for about 3 hours.
1. A. when B. how C. what D. where
2. A. make B. makes C. making D. made
3. A. Cut it up B. Cut up it C. Cut them up D. Cut up them
4. A. on B. to C. with D. at
5. A. Mix it up B. Mix up it C. Mix them up D. Mix up them
6. A. Turn B. Turn on C. Turn off D. Turn down
7. A. Take B. Taking C. Take out D. Taking out
8. A. mix B. mixes C. mixing D. mixed
9. A. on B. in C. into D. out of
10. A. away B. again C. first D. next
III. 阅读理解
A
First, open the lid（盖子）and put water, salt, and rice in the pot. Then put the cover on the pot and close the lid. Next, press（按）the button（钮）for “white”or “brown” and then press the “start” button. Let the rice cook for about 30 minutes. You’ll hear a beeping sound when it’s finished, but you should wait about five minutes before eating. Finally, take out the pot. Bring it to the table and enjoy your meal.
1. What are these instructions for？
A. Coffee maker. B. A cassette player. C. A fax machine. D. A rice cooker.
2. How many buttons do you need to press？
A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four
3. How long should you let the rice cook for about？
A. Five minutes. B. Ten minutes. C. Thirty minutes. D. Thirty-five minutes.
4. What will happen when it’s finished？
A. You will hear a sound. B. You will still have to wait for ten minutes.
C. The lid will open. D. The water will come out.
5. How long should you wait before eating the rice in total？
A. Five minutes. B. Ten minutes. C. Thirty minutes. D. Thirty-five minutes.
B
Most people in the United States like fast food, but if you think that American people don’t like cooking, you are wrong. It’s true that most Americans eat fast food for their breakfast and lunch, but they also think cooking is interesting. Parents see the importance of teaching their children how to cook, and most Americans say that home-cooked meals are the best.
Americans have their own way of cooking. For example, baking（烘烤）is the most popular way of cooking in America. Most American families have ovens（烤箱）. American cooks care about the balance of diet. When planning a big meal, they try to cook meat, a few vegetables, some bread and sweet food. They also like to make the meal look beautiful. There are so many kinds of colorful foods, so the meal is healthy and looks beautiful, too.
根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正（T）误（F）。
6. Most Americans like fast food and don’t like cooking at all.
7. Most Americans have fast food for their breakfast and lunch.
8. Frying is the most popular way of cooking in the USA.
9. To eat a balanced diet, Americans cook meat, vegetables, bread and sweet food for a big meal.
10. The meal looks beautiful because the foods are in different colors.
IV. 词汇
A. 根据句意及汉语提示完成句子。
1. It’s dark outside. Please (打开)the light.
2. The baby is sleeping, please (调小)the radio.
*3. Here are the bananas. Please (切碎).
4. He the water the bowl(倒入).
5. Look！There’s a tall tree on the (顶部) of the hill.
B. 用所给单词的正确形式填空。
6. How many (slice) of bread do you need？
*7. I often help my mother (peel) potatoes.
8. Look！The workers (cut) the tall tree in our school.
9. (sandwich) are very delicious. I like them.
*10. (final), I decided to do my homework.
V. 按要求改写句子。
1. There is an apple on the desk．(对画线部分提问)
there on the desk？
2. There is some water in the glass．(对画线部分提问)
water is there in the glass？
*3. Finally, he got to the station in time. (改为同义句)
, he got to the station in time.
**4. Can you tell me how I can make fruit salad？(改为同义句)
Can you tell me make fruit salad？
5. you, make, shake, do, how, milk, a, banana （连词成句）

VI. 书面表达：请根据题目及提示写一段话。
西红柿拌白糖是既简单又营养丰富的一道菜。请同学们简单介绍一下这道菜的做法。
词数：50词左右
提示词：four tomatoes; some sugar; cut; mix up; finally
试题答案
I. 1—5 DBCBA 6—10 DCBAC 11—15 BDDAB
解析：1. a用于以辅音（不是辅音字母）音素开头的单词前，an用于以元音（不是元音字母）音素开头的单词前。
3. I like apples我喜欢苹果。apples为复数名词，表示一类事物。but I don’t like the apple milk shake. 但是我不喜欢苹果奶昔。apple milk shake中的，apple 用作定语，在数上不受它修饰的名词的影响而用其单数。
5. relish是不可数名词，故用代词it。
13. 这是一句以let开头的祈使句。Let’s 是let 与us 的缩写，用于向别人提出建议。其答语常用 “That’s a good idea.”, “Good idea.” , “OK”, “All right”等句型来回答。
14. Would you like + 名词？意为“你想要……吗？”。肯定回答：Yes, please.；否定回答：No, thanks.。
II. 1—5 BCABC 6—10 BCCAB
解析：2. C 介词in后的动词一般用其ing形式。
3. A 上文的watermelon是单数，故代词用it。而cut up是由及物动词+副词构成的短语动词，所以代词it必须放在up之前（若是名词作宾语，则其放在up的前、后都可以）。
4. B add...to… 为固定搭配，意为“把……加入……中”。
5. C 上文提到yogurt, lemon juice, honey 三种食品，故代词应用them。而mix up是由及物动词+副词构成的短语动词，故代词必须放在副词up之前。
6. B 全文到此第一次提到blender，且根据上下文可知应该是“打开”blender。
7. C 搅拌后当然要take out（取出）。此句为祈使句。
8. C 动名词mixing作bowl的定语，置于bowl之前，表示其用途，意为“用于搅拌的碗”。
9. A on the top 表示将西瓜片置于上文提到的食品的顶部。
10. B 上文中已提到过Cool them in the fridge，再次放入冰箱自然选again。
III. 1—5 DBCAD 6—10 FTFTT
IV. 1. turn on 2. turn down 3. cut them up 4. poured, into 5. top
6. slices 7. (to) peel 8. are cutting 9. Sandwiches 10. Finally
V. 1. How many apples are 2. How much 3. At last 4. how to
5. How do you make a banana milk shake
VI. Tomato with sugar is very delicious. Now let me teach you how to make it. We need four tomatoes and two teaspoons of sugar. First, cup up the tomatoes. Then put them into a dish. Next add some sugar on the tomatoes. Finally fix them all up. It’s very easy to make it. Do you think so