2021年中考英语复习动词及时态专题复习 (41张PPT)

(共41张PPT)
题
2021年中考复习动词及时态专题复习
(一)动词的分类
分类方法
种类
语法意义
示例
按时限
分类
延续性动词
能与一段时间连用的，动作可延续的动词
live　study　work　stay　read
非延续性动词
动作瞬间完成，不能与一段时间连用(与一段时间连用需转换)
finish　end　go　come　die　open
按性质分类
行为动词
及物动词
接宾语
I
reached
Beijing
just
now.
不及物动词
不接宾语(后跟介词可接宾语)
I
got
to
Beijing
just
now.
分类方法
种类
语法意义
示例
按性质
分类
连系动词
接表语
be　seem　look　feel　sound　smell　taste
get　turn　become
助动词
接动词原形或分词
do　does　did　have　has　had
情态动词
接动词原形
can　may　must　should　would　could
按形式
分类
动词原形
动词本身
jump　run　sing
第三人称
单数
一般在动词原形后加?s/es，以不发音的字母e结尾的，去e加ing
comes　finishes　tries
过去式
规则的加?ed，不规则的强记
lived　wrote
过去分词
规则的加?ed，不规则的强记
borrowed　written
现在分词
一般在动词原形后加?ing，其他变化另记
singing　writing　putting　dying
(二)
不规则动词表1．AAA
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
词义
cost/k?st/
cost/k?st/
cost/k?st/
花费
cut/k?t/
cut/k?t/
cut/k?t/
割；切
hurt/h??t/
hurt/h??t/
hurt/h??t/
受伤
hit/hIt/
hit/hIt/
hit/hIt/
打；撞
let/let/
let/let/
let/let/
让
put/p?t/
put/p?t/
put/p?t/
放
read/ri?d/
read/red/
read/red/
读
set/set/
set/set/
set/set/
安排；安置
spread/spred/
spread/spred/
spread/spred/
展开；传播
shut/??t/
shut/??t/
shut/??t/
关上；闭起；停止营业
(7)
其他
5.ABC
(1)原形→过去式→原形＋(e)n
(三)
规则动词的变化
形式
原形
第三人称单数
过去式及过去分词
现在分词
以重读闭音节结尾的动词
stop，prefer
加?s
stops，prefers
双写词尾辅音字母再加?ed
stopped，
preferred
双写词尾辅音字母，再加?ing
stopping，
preferring
以s，x，ch，sh结尾的动词
dress，wash，
watch，fix
加?es
dresses，washes，
watches，fixes
加?ed
dressed，washed，
watched，fixed
加?ing
dressing，washing，
watching，fixing
以辅音字母＋y结尾的动词
study，try
变y为i，再加?es
studies，tries
变y为i，再加?ed
studied，tried
加?ing
studying，trying
形式
原形
第三人称单数
过去式及过去分词
现在分词
三个以ie结尾的动词
lie，die，tie
加?s
lies，dies，ties
加?d
lied，died，tied
变ie为y，再加?ing
lying，dying，
tying
以不发音字母e结尾
close，move
closes，moves　
closed，moved
去e加?ing
closing，moving
一般动词
work
直接加?s
works
直接加?ed
worked
直接加?ing
working
(五)动词的时态(以write为例)
时态
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
构成
write/
writes
wrote
Will/shall/begoingto+write
am/is/are+
writingw
as/were+
writing
have/has＋written
用法(部分典型标志词)
every
day/week/month/year
last短语
(last
year/month/week)
tomorrow/
next短语
look
listen，
now，at
the
moment，at
present
when/while引导的时间状语从句
so
far，these
days，in
the
last/past
few
years
其他
yesterday短语(the
day
before
yesterday)
in＋一段时间
for＋一段时间，since＋过去的时间点
一般疑问句
转换
由do，does转换
由did转换
由will，shall转换
由am，is，are转换
由was，were
转换
由have，has转换
(六)动词及时态考点
1．have/has
been
to＋地点：
去过某地(已回来)
have/has
gone
to＋地点：去某地了(未归)
have/has
been
in＋地点：
要和一段时间连用
1)I
have
ever
been
to
London
twice.
2)He
isn't
at
home.He
has
gone
to
the
library.
3)We
have
been
in
Beijing
for
ten
years.
2．瞬间动词和一段时间连用时要转换成延续性动词。
My
grandpa
has
died
for
ten
years.(错句)
应改为：My
grandpa
has
been
dead
for
ten
years.
3．现在完成时，表现在，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。
He
has
finished
his
work
just
now.(错句，去掉has)
考点一　动词的分类
1．—Did
you
________
what
the
teacher
said?
—Not
really.He
spoke
too
fast.(　　)
A．prefer　　　
B．listen
to
C．catch　　　
D．learn
from
2．—I
think
teachers
are
the
most
hard?working
people.Do
you
________
me?
—Yes，I
do.(　
C
　)
A．go
on
with　　　
B．catch
up
with
C．agree
with　　　
D．stay
away
from
C　
　
3．The
mother
________
the
child
quickly
and
took
him
to
hospital.(　　)
A．put
on　　　
B．dressed
C．had
on　　　
D．was
wearing
4．The
party
didn’t
stop
when
he
left.(　　)
A．was
over　　　
B．went
on
C．finished　　　
D．ended
5．When
will
you
tell
him
the
good
news?
—I
will
tell
him
about
it
as
soon
as
he
________
back.(　
A
　)
A．comes　　　
B．came
C．will
come　　　
D．is
coming
B　
B　
　
6．The
young
man
used
to
________
to
work，but
he
is
used
to
________
to
work
now.(　　)
A．drive；walking　　　
B．drove；walked
C．drive；walks　　　
D．driving；walk
7．—Has
Mary
ever
visited
Tower
Bridge?
—Yes.She
________
it
two
years
ago.(　　)
A．visits　B．visited
C．has
visited　　D．was
visiting
8.—Look!
The
old
man
________
a
big
box
into
the
house.
—Let’s
go
and
help
him.(　　)
A．pulls　　B．pulled
C．is
pulling　　　
D．has
pulled
A　
B　
C　
9．Mrs.King
often
________
homeless
people
________
food
and
clothes.she
is
very
kind?hearted.(　　)
A．provides；for　　　
B．provides；with
C．provides；to
D.
provided；with
10．My
cousin
________
the
chance
of
working
abroad
and
returned
to
his
hometown.(　　)
A．gave
away　　　
B．gave
out
C．gave
back　　　
D．gave
up
B　
D　
考点二　动词的时态
1．Mary
isn’t
here
at
the
moment.She
________
later.(　　)
A．comes　B．came
C．has
come　　
D．is
coming
2．The
girl
has
been
lonely
since
her
mother
_______
.
(　　)
A．die　　　
B．died
C．death　　　
D．dead
3.She
told
us
that
her
brother
________
the
Army
for
3
years.
(　　)
A．had
joined　　　
B．had
been
in
C．joined　　　
D．has
been
in
D　
B　
B　
4．There
________
a
football
game
on
TV
next
Sunday.
(　　)
A．will
have　　　
B．is
going
to
have
C．is
going
to
be　　　
D．will
5．My
brother
________
while
I
________
.(　　)
A．reads；was
doing
my
homework
B．read；did
my
homework
C．was
reading；was
doing
my
homework
D．was
reading；did
my
homework
C　
C　
6．I
don’t
know
if
Mr.Wang
________
here
tomorrow.If
he
________
，please
tell
me.(　　)
A．comes；comes
B．will
come；comes
C．comes；will
come
D．will
come；will
come
7.—What
he
enjoys
________
great
and
interesting.
—Yes，but
it’s
dangerous.(　　)
A．sounds　　　
B．sounding
C．sounded　　　
D．to
sound
8.—Be
quiet.Dad
________
in
the
bedroom.
—Sorry，Mum.(　　)
A．sleep　　　
B．sleeps
C．is
sleeping　　D．to
sleep
B　
A　
C　
9．—You
look
scared.What
happened?
—Well，I
________
along
the
street
________
the
UFO
landed.(　　)
A．was
walking；while
B．is
walking；when
C．was
walking；when
D．is
walking；while
10．—Where
are
Maria
and
Kangkang?
—They
________
England.(　　)
A．have
been
to　　　
B．are
away
C．have
gone
to　　　
D．had
been
in
C　
C　
(七)情态动词
情态动词：无人称和数的变化，后跟动词原形才能作谓语。
原形与过去式
用法
含义
例句
can
could
表能力(＝be
able
to有时态变化)
能，会
He
can
dance.＝He
is
able
to
dance.
表请求(一般疑问句)
可以
Can
you
help
me？＝Could
you
give
me
a
hand？(更委婉)
表否定推测用can’t
be
不可能
The
boy
can’t
be
Tony.Tony
is
much
taller.
may
might
表可能性(may＋动词原形可与maybe替换)
可能
Tim
may
know
the
way.＝Maybe
Tim
knows
the
way.
表客气请求
可以
May
I
come
in？
表祝愿
祝
May
you
good
luck.
原形与过去式
用法
含义
例句
must
表命令/义务
必须
We
must
obey
the
school
rules.
表肯定推测用must
be
一定
He
must
be
at
home
because
the
light
is
on.
must的一般疑问句的否定回答用needn’t
或don’t
have
to
没有必要
—Mom，must
I
write
to
my
cousin
today?
—No，you
needn’t./you
don’t
have
to.You
may
write
it
on
weekends.
与同义短语have
to的区别：
have
to有时态、人称的变化(has
to/had
to...)
must
无变化
不得不，必须
The
boy
had
to
stay
at
home
alone
yesterday.＝The
boy
must
stay
at
home
alone
yesterday.
原形与过去式
用法
含义
例句
shall
should
Shall
I/we...表请求
……好吗？
Shall
I
ask
you
some
questions？
Let’s
的附加反意疑问句是shall
we
好吗
Let’s
go
to
the
park，shall
we？
should/shouldn’t表义务
(不)应该
Students
shouldn’t
have
long
hair.
will/would
表提建议
愿意
Will/Would/Could
you
please
take
out
the
trash？
原形与过去式
用法
含义
例句
need
need
do(need是情态动词)
需要
We
need
buy
some
school
things.＝We
need
to
buy
some
school
things.
need
to
do
need
doing—需要被做(need是行为动词)
The
watch
needs
repairing.(这块手表需要被修。)
had
better
had
better(not)
do
＝It’s(not)
best
to
do
sth.
最好(不)
You
had
better
ask
your
teachers
for
help.＝It’s
best
to
ask
your
teachers
for
help.
温馨提示：
1．may的一般疑问句的否定回答用
can’t。
—Mom，may
I
play
computer
games
now?
—No，you
can’t.Study
must
come
first.(必须先学习)
2．mustn’t意为“禁止；不准”。
You
mustn’t
play
soccer
on
the
street.It’s
so
dangerous.
3．“情态动词＋have
done(完成时)”意为“原本应该做某事，而实际上没做”。
If
we
started
two
days
ago，we
should
have
finished
the
work
earlier.
4．“情态动词＋be
doing(进行时)”意为“想必正在；可能正在；应当正在”。
It’s
12
o’clock.They
must
be
having
lunch.(他们一定在吃午饭。)
考点三　情态动词的用法
1．—Must
I
go
with
you?
—No，you
________
.(　　)
A．needn’t　　　
B．shouldn’t
C．mustn’t　　　
D．can’t
2．—Whose
is
the
book?
—It
________
be
Tom’s.Look
at
his
name
on
the
cover！(　　)
A．can　　　
B．may
C．must　　　
D．need
3．That
man
________
be
my
English
teacher.He
has
gone
to
Canada.(　　)
A．needn’t　
B．mustn’t　
C．can’t
A　
C　
C　
4．Thanks
for
your
help，John.We
________
have
finished
our
work
so
early
________
your
help.(　　)
A．can’t；without　　　
B．couldn’t；without
C．wouldn’t；under　　　
D．could；by
5．—I
missed
the
first
part
of
the
film.It
was
really
a
pity.
—You
________
home
half
an
hour
earlier.(　　)
A．should
have
left　　　
B．must
have
left
C．should
leave　　　
D．must
leave
B　
A　
6．—Where
are
you
going
for
the
coming
winter
holiday?
—I’m
not
sure.We
________
go
to
Harbin.(　　)
A．must　　　
B．may
C．can　　　
D．should
7．—Jack，can
you
play
the
guitar?
—Yes，I
________
.(　　)
A．must　
B．can　
C．need　
D．may
8．—Shall
we
go
there
by
taxi?
－No，we
________
.It’s
not
far
from
here.(　　)
A．needn’t　　　
B．can’t
C．couldn’t　　　
D．mustn’t
B　
B　
A　
9．—
________
David
be
the
new
chairperson
of
the
Birdwatching
Society?
—He
________
be，but
I’m
not
certain
about
it.(　　)
A．Can；can’t　　　
B．Can；may
C．May；must　　　
D．May；mustn’t
10．—Look!
That
man
looks
like
Mr.Brown.
—It
________
be
him，for
he
________
to
America.(　　)
A．can’t；has
gone
B．may
not；has
gone
C．mustn’t；has
been
D．can’t；has
been
B　
A