中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【备考2021】高考英语真题分类汇编专题
语法填空话类汇编
1.
（2020年全国卷I）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China
has
become
the
first
country
to
land
a
spacecraft
on
the
far
side
of
the
moon.
The
unmanned
Chang’e-4
probe（探测器）—
the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess
—
61
(touch)
down
last
week
in
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
Landing
on
the
moon’s
far
side
is
62
(extreme)
challenging.
Because
the
moon’s
body
blocks
direct
radio
communication
with
a
probe,
China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
63
it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth.
The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
64
(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters（环形山）,
more
so
65
the
familiar
near
side.
Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
onboard
Chang’e-4
66
(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
“This
really
excites
scientists,”
Carle
Pieters,
a
scientist
at
Brown
University,
says,
“because
it
67
(mean)
we
have
the
chance
to
obtain
information
about
how
the
moon
68
(construct).”
Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
?69?
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
70
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
【答案解析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的嫦娥四号探测器成功降落在月球背面。
61.
touched
考查时态和语态。根据句中的“last
week”可知，设空处应用一般过去时，该动作与主语“probe”为主动关系。故填“touched”。
62.
extremely
考查词性转换。根据空格处前面的“is”及后面的“challenging”可知，空格处应填副词。故填“extremely”。
63.
where
考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语。故填“where”。
64.
interest
考查词性转换。“be+of+抽象名词”相当于形容词。故填“interest”。
65.
than
考查介词。根据句意可知，月球背面比月球近地面有更多的深坑。故填“than”。
66.
to
find
考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，空格处需用动词不定式表目的。故填“to
find”。
67.
means
考查时态及主谓一致。根据句意可知，空格处需用一般现在时表示现在的状态。本句中的主语为“it”，因此空格处需用动词的单数形式。故填“means”。
68.
is
constructed
考查时态及语态。根据句意可知，空格处需用一般现在时表示客观存在，且应为动词的被动形式。故填“is
constructed”。
69.
much
考查固定搭配。“ice”为不可数名词，“how
much”用来询问数量。故填“much”。
70.
its
考查形容词性物主代词。空格处修饰名词“plans”，需用形容词性物主代词。故填“its”。
2.（2019全国卷I）
The
polar
bear
is
found
in
the
Arctic
Circle
and
some
big
land
masses
as
far
south
as
Newfoundland.
While
they
are
rare
north
of
88°,
there
is
evidence
61
they
range
all
the
way
across
the
Arctic,
and
as
far
south
as
James
Bay
in
Canada.
It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been
62
(poor)
studied;
however,
biologists
calculate
that
there
are
about
20,000-25,000
polar
bears
worldwide.
Modern
methods
63
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,
and
are
expensive
64
(perform)
consistently
over
a
large
area.
In
recent
years
some
Inuit
people
in
Nunavut
65
(report)
increases
in
bear
sightings
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
a
66
(believe)
that
populations
are
increasing.
Scientists
have
responded
by
67
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating
(聚集)
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
the
illusion
(错觉)
that
populations
are
68
(high)
than
they
actually
are.
Of
69
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six
70
(be)
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
【语法填空答案】61.that
62.
poorly
63.
of/for
64.
to
perform
65.
have
reported
66.
belief
67.
noting
68.
higher
69.
the
70.
are
本文为说明文。文章介绍了近年来北极熊的生存状况。
61.
考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there
be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
62.
考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has
been
studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
63.
考查介词用法。此处tracking
polar
bear
populations作Modern
methods的定语，用of连接，“methods
of
doing
sth.”意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构；或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
64.
考查非谓语动词。句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填to
perform。
65.
查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in
recent
years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have
reported。
66.
考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故填belief。
67.
考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故填noting。
68.
考查形容词比较级。根据其后than
they
actually
are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
69.
考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已识别的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
70.
考查主谓一致。根据three
are
declining，此处数词six作主语，要用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时，故填are。
3.
（2018全国卷I）
According
to
a
review
of
evidence
in
a
medical
journal,
runners
live
three
years
___61___(long)
than
non-runners.
You
don't
have
to
run
fast
or
for
long___62___(see)the
benefit.
You
may
drink,
smoke,be
overweight
and
still
reduce
your
risk
of
___63___
(die)
early
by
running.While
running
regatesalstly
cann't
make
you
live
forever,
the
review
says
it
___64___
(be)
more
effective
at
lengthening
life___65___
walking,
cycling
or
swimming.
Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014___66___showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
A
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
___67___(cause).
The
best
exercise
is
one
that
you
enjoy
and
will
do.
But
otherwise…
it's
probably
running.
To
avoid
knee
pain,you
can
run
on
soft
surfaces,do
exercises
to___68___(strength)your
leg
muscles(肌肉),avoid
hills
and
get
good
running
shoes.
Running
is
cheap,easy
and
it's
always___69___(energy).If
you
are
time
poor,
you
need
run
for
only
half
the
time
to
get
the
same
benefits
as
other
sports,
so
perhaps
we
should
all
give___70___a
try.
【答案】61.
longer
62.
to
see
63.
dying
64.
is
65.
than
66.
that
\which
67.
causes
68.
strength
69.
energetic
70.
it
\running
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。
61.
考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
62.
考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to
see。
63.
考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
64.
考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
65.
考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more
effective可知此处填than。
66.
考查定语从句的关系词。此处a
study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
67.
考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
68.
考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符合，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
69.
考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
70.
考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give
it
a
try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
4.
（广东省汕头市金山中学2020届高三英语上学期期末考试考试题）
Monkeys
do
not
like
it
when
others
get
more
food
than
they
do,
according
to
a
new
study.
Researchers
from
Yale
and
Harvard
___41___(university)
found
Capuchin
monkeys
punish
monkeys
that
get
more
food.
“This
sort
of,
'
If
I
can't
have
it,
no
one
can
'
___42___(respond)is
because
of
psychological
spite
(怨恨）,and
it
was___43___
(previous)
thought
unique
to
humans,”
said
Kristin
Leimgruber
of
Harvard
University.
She
is
a
co-author
of
the
research
study.
The
researchers
watched
as
some
Capuchin
monkeys___44___
(give)
more
food
than
others.
They
found
that
monkeys
getting
the
___45___(small)
share
pulled
a
rope
to
fold
up
a
table
holding
the
other
monkey’s
bigger
share.
Another
lead
researcher,
Laurie
Santas,
explained
over
email,
“I
think
___46___we
can
conclude
about
humans
is
that
some
of
our
more
___47___(embarrass)
tendencies
have
relatively
deep
roots.”
Santos
said
the
spiteful
reaction
was
not
present
with
another
member
of
the
ape
species—chimpanzees(黑猩猩).
An
earlier
study,
she
said,
showed
chimpanzees
would
fold
up
the
table
of
other
chimpanzees
___48___(steal)
food
from
them.___49___they
would
not
punish
chimpanzees
who
just
happened
to
have
more
food,
Santos
said.
____50____other
words,
it
was
fine
if
another
chimpanzee
had
more
food
as
long
as
they
did
not
steal
it.
【答案】41.
universities
42.
response
43.
previously
44.
were
given
45.
smaller
46.
what
47.
embarrassing
48.
stealing
49.
But
50.
In
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究：猴子不喜欢其它猴子得到的食物比它们多。它们会像人类一样有嫉妒心，当另外的猴子得到更多的食物时，它就会生气嫉妒。
【41题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：来自耶鲁大学和哈佛大学的研究人员发现卷尾猴会惩罚那些得到更多食物的猴子。分析可知，句中应指耶鲁大学和哈佛大学，因此“大学”应是复数形式。故填universities。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：哈佛大学的克里斯汀·莱姆格鲁伯(Kristin
Leimgruber)说:“这种‘如果我不能拥有它，就没有人能拥有它’的反应是由于心理怨恨，而这在以前被认为是人类独有的。”分析可知，所填空应是之前介词of的宾语，应用名词形式。故填response。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：哈佛大学的克里斯汀·莱姆格鲁伯(Kristin
Leimgruber)说:“这种‘如果我不能拥有它，就没有人能拥有它’的反应是由于心理怨恨，而这在以前被认为是人类独有的。”分析可知，所填空修饰动词应是副词作状语。故填previously。
【44题详解】
考查时态和被动语态。句意：研究人员观察当一些卷尾猴被给予其他卷尾猴更多食物时的表现。分析可知，所填空应是从句谓语部分，与从句主语some
Capuchin之间为被动关系，结合语境watched可知应是一般过去时被动。故填were
given。
【45题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：他们发现，得到较小份额的猴子会拉一根绳子，把另一只猴子拿着较大份额的桌子折叠起来（拽翻）。根据后文“the
other
monkey’s
bigger
share”可知，此处应是比较级，the
smaller
share,
较小份额食物。故填smaller。
【46题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：另一位首席研究员劳丽·桑塔斯(Laurie
Santas)在电子邮件中解释道:“我认为，我们可以得出的结论是，人类某些更令人尴尬的倾向有着相对深刻的根源。”分析可知，___6___we
can
conclude
about
humans应是主语从句，从句中动词conclude缺少宾语，应用引导词what。故填what。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意：另一位首席研究员劳丽·桑塔斯(Laurie
Santas)在电子邮件中解释道:“我认为，我们可以得出的结论是，人类某些更令人尴尬的倾向有着相对深刻的根源。”分析可知，所填空应是形容词，修饰之后的tendencies（趋势），embarrass是动词“使人尴尬”，其形容词embarrassing，
意为“令人尴尬的”，可用来修饰事物。故填embarrassing。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她说，早前的一项研究表明，黑猩猩会破坏其他偷走它们食物的黑猩猩的桌子。分析可知，所填空应是非谓语做后置定语，与other
chimpanzees之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填stealing。
【49题详解】
考查连词。句意：但是他们不会惩罚那些恰巧有更多食物的黑猩猩，桑托斯说。分析可知，空后的句子与之前的句子为转折关系，不是像之前偷盗其他黑猩猩的食物，对于偶尔获得较大份额食物的黑猩猩，它们不会施以惩罚。故填But。
【50题详解】
考查介词。句意：换句话说，如果另一只黑猩猩有更多的食物，只要它们不去偷就好了。in
other
words，意为“换句话说”，为固定结构。故填In。
5.
（广东省潮州市2020届高三英语上学期期末考试试题）
“Add
Oil”
is
the
literal
English
translation
of
the
Chinese
phrase
“Jiāyóu”
(Cantonese
“Ga
Yau”),
which
is
used
to
express
encouragement,
____41____
(excite),
or
support
to
others.
It’s
used
in
sporting
events
____42____
(encourage)
a
friend,
and
in
many
other
conversations!
“Add
Oil”
has
now
been
added
____43____
the
Oxford
English
Dictionary.
The
Oxford
English
Dictionary
entry
describes
the
phrase
as
“chiefly
Hong
Kong
English”,
and
notes
its___44___
(early)
appearance
in
a
book
published
back
in
1964.
Some
people
believe
that
the
phrase
____45____
(invent)
at
the
Macau
Grand
Prix
(澳门汽车大奖赛)
during
the
1960s,
where
the
crowd
would
shout
at
the
pit
teams
(加油团队)
to
“Add
Oil!”
to
the
racing
cars.
The
meaning
of
the
Chinese
characters
is
to
add
(jiā)
oil
(yóu),
which
implies
____46____(add)
oil/fuel
to
an
engine
to
fire
____47____
up.
In
places
such
as
Hong
Kong,
where
a
mixture
of
Chinese
and
English
is
____48____
(common)
used
among
friends,
the
English
phrase
often
replaces
the
Chinese
characters,
and
this
is
the
reason
___49___
the
phrase
has
been
added
to
the
dictionary.
The
latest
addition
to
Oxford
English
Dictionary
is
by
no
means
a
stand-alone.
Other
Chinese
phrases
that
_____50_____
(enter)
everyday
English
include
“long
time
no
see”
and
“no
can
do”.
【答案】41.
excitement
42.
to
encourage
43.
to
44.
earliest
45.
was
invented
46.
adding
47.
it
48.
commonly
49.
why
50.
have
entered
【解析】
本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了《牛津英语词典》将“Add
Oil”及其他汉语和英语的混合体收录其中。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：“加油”是汉语“Jiāyóu”（广东话“Ga
Yau”）的直译，用于表达对他人的鼓励、兴奋或支持。结合前文“encouragement”及后文“support”可知，此处为同一句式，应填名词。故填excitement。
【42题详解】
考查不定式表目的。句意：它被用在体育活动中鼓励朋友，还有其他对话中！结合句意，“鼓励朋友”是“它被用在体育活动中”的目的，不定式to可表目的。故填to
encourage。
【43题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：《牛津英语词典》现在加入了“加油”一词。add
to为固定搭配，意为“加入，添加”。故填to。
【44题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：《牛津英语词典》将该短语描述为“主要是香港英语”，并注意到它最早出现在1964出版的一本书中。结合句意，最早出现用形容词最高级形式，early的最高级形式为earliest。故填earliest。
【45题详解】
考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：有人认为，这句话是上世纪60年代在澳门汽车大奖赛上发明的，在那里，人们会向加油团队大喊给汽车加油。during
the
1960s表示发生在过去，“短语”为被发明，且为单数，故用invent的一般过去时的被动语态。故填was
invented。
【46题详解】
考查动名词。句意：汉语的意思是加油，意思是给发动机添加油/燃料来使它燃烧工作。imply为动词，意为“意思是”，其后接动名词作宾语，add变为adding。故填adding。
【47题详解】
考查代词。句意：汉语的意思是加油，意思是给发动机添加油/燃料来使它燃烧工作。结合前文，发动机燃烧工作，it代指发动机。故填it。
【48题详解】
考查副词。句意：在香港这样地方，在朋友之间普遍使用汉英混合词，英语短语经常取代汉字，这就是为什么短语被添加到字典中的原因。修饰动词use用副词，common变为commonly。故填commonly。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在香港这样的地方，在朋友之间普遍使用汉英混合词，英语短语经常取代汉字，这就是为什么短语被添加到字典中的原因。此处是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the
reason，从句成分齐全，连接词在从句中做原因状语，应使用why引导。故填why。
【50题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：包括“好久不见”和“不行”也是其他进入日常英语的汉语短语。结合句意，“好久不见”和“不行”已经进入了日常英语，发生在过去且对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故填have
entered。
6.
(广东省揭阳市揭西县河婆中学2020届高三英语下学期专项训练试题（六）)
US
writer
Margaret
Lee
Runbeck
once
61.
(write),
“Happiness
is
not
a
station
you
arrive
at,
but
62.
manner
of
traveling.”
But
traveling
is
not
always
happy,
at
least
for
the
buddies
in
the
movie
Green
Book.
The
movie
63.
(adapt)
from
the
true
story
of
a
road
trip
through
the
southern
US
in
the
early
1960s.
In
the
film,
the
black
pianist
Don
Shirley
hires
Italian-American
Tony
to
drive
him
to
performances,
but
they
face
problems
because
of
Shirley’s
skin
color.
These
problems
enable
them
64.
(form)
a
special
friendship.
“There’s
something
so
deeply
right
about
this
movie,
so
true
65.
the
time,
said
US
film
critic
LaSalle.
The
time
La
Salle
is
talking
about
was
between
1876
and
1963,
66.
African-Americans
experienced
a
very
different
and
difficult
period.
Many
parts
of
the
country
had
Jim
Crow
laws,
which
allowed
67.
(race)
segregation(隔离).
But
in
1936,
a
blackmail
carrier
named
Victor
H.
Green
published
a
list
of
friendly
68.
(business)
as
a
small
book
with
a
green
cover.
The
Green
Book
helped
African-Americans
travel
more
safely.
Then
in
1964,
Jim
Crow
laws
went
away.
The
book
went
away,
too.
Today
many
US
people
still
remember
the
time
of
Jim
Crow
laws.
But
they
69.
(probable)
don’t
know
about
The
Green
Book.
It’s
a
70.
(forget)
part
of
the
story.
【答案】
61.
wrote
62.
a
63.
was
adapted
64.
to
form
65.
to
66.
when
67.
racial
68.
businesses
69.
probably
70.
forgotten
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了第91届奥斯卡最佳影片《绿皮书》，这个影片讲述了一位黑人雇主和白人司机一路向南的旅行故事。如今，很多美国人还记得《吉姆·克劳法》存在的那个年代，但是他们可能不知道《绿皮书》。它是这个故事被遗忘的部分。
61.
考查一般过去时态。由“once”可知这题要用一般过去时态，故答案为wrote。
62.
考查不定冠词。“a
manner
of...”
…
…的方式，与前面的“a
station”对应。“幸福不是你要到达的一个车站，而是一种旅行的方式。”故答案为a。
63.
考查一般过去时态的被动语态。这部电影改编自一个真实的故事，且时间为过去，故答案为was
adapted。
64.
考查固定搭配。enable
sb.
to
do使某人能够做某事。故答案为to
form。
65.
考查介词。be
true
to忠于；适用于。故答案为to。
66.
考查定语从句。句意：La
Salle所说的时间是在1876年到1963年之间，当时非洲裔美国人经历了一个非常不同又困难的时期。此处“between
1876
and
1963”是先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。
67.
考查词形转换。形容词修饰名词segregation，故答案为racial。
68.
考查名词复数。由“a
list
of”可知这里要用名词复数。business“公司、企业”。故答案为businesses。
69.
考查副词。此处“probably”修饰谓语动词。故答案为probably。
70.
考查过去分词作前置定语。句意：这是故事中被遗忘的一部分。由文意可知，“forget”和“part”
之间是一种被动关系，“The
Green
Book”是被人们遗忘的部分，所以用过去分词来做前置定语。故答案为forgotten。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【备考2021】高考英语真题分类汇编专题
语法填空话类汇编
1.
（2020年全国卷I）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China
has
become
the
first
country
to
land
a
spacecraft
on
the
far
side
of
the
moon.
The
unmanned
Chang’e-4
probe（探测器）—
the
name
was
inspired
by
an
ancient
Chinese
moon
goddess
—
61
(touch)
down
last
week
in
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
Landing
on
the
moon’s
far
side
is
62
(extreme)
challenging.
Because
the
moon’s
body
blocks
direct
radio
communication
with
a
probe,
China
first
had
to
put
a
satellite
in
orbit
above
the
moon
in
a
spot
63
it
could
send
signals
to
the
spacecraft
and
to
Earth.
The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
of
particular
64
(interesting)
to
scientists
because
it
has
a
lot
of
deep
craters（环形山）,
more
so
65
the
familiar
near
side.
Chinese
researchers
hope
to
use
the
instruments
onboard
Chang’e-4
66
(find)
and
study
areas
of
the
South
Pole-Aitken
basin.
“This
really
excites
scientists,”
Carle
Pieters,
a
scientist
at
Brown
University,
says,
“because
it
67
(mean)
we
have
the
chance
to
obtain
information
about
how
the
moon
68
(construct).”
Data
about
the
moon’s
composition,
such
as
how
?69?
ice
and
other
treasures
it
contains,
could
help
China
decide
whether
70
(it)
plans
for
a
future
lunar
(月球的)
base
are
practical.
【答案解析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的嫦娥四号探测器成功降落在月球背面。
61.
touched
考查时态和语态。根据句中的“last
week”可知，设空处应用一般过去时，该动作与主语“probe”为主动关系。故填“touched”。
62.
extremely
考查词性转换。根据空格处前面的“is”及后面的“challenging”可知，空格处应填副词。故填“extremely”。
63.
where
考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语。故填“where”。
64.
interest
考查词性转换。“be+of+抽象名词”相当于形容词。故填“interest”。
65.
than
考查介词。根据句意可知，月球背面比月球近地面有更多的深坑。故填“than”。
66.
to
find
考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，空格处需用动词不定式表目的。故填“to
find”。
67.
means
考查时态及主谓一致。根据句意可知，空格处需用一般现在时表示现在的状态。本句中的主语为“it”，因此空格处需用动词的单数形式。故填“means”。
68.
is
constructed
考查时态及语态。根据句意可知，空格处需用一般现在时表示客观存在，且应为动词的被动形式。故填“is
constructed”。
69.
much
考查固定搭配。“ice”为不可数名词，“how
much”用来询问数量。故填“much”。
70.
its
考查形容词性物主代词。空格处修饰名词“plans”，需用形容词性物主代词。故填“its”。
2.（2019全国卷I）
The
polar
bear
is
found
in
the
Arctic
Circle
and
some
big
land
masses
as
far
south
as
Newfoundland.
While
they
are
rare
north
of
88°,
there
is
evidence
61
they
range
all
the
way
across
the
Arctic,
and
as
far
south
as
James
Bay
in
Canada.
It
is
difficult
to
figure
out
a
global
population
of
polar
bears
as
much
of
the
range
has
been
62
(poor)
studied;
however,
biologists
calculate
that
there
are
about
20,000-25,000
polar
bears
worldwide.
Modern
methods
63
tracking
polar
bear
populations
have
been
employed
only
since
the
mid-1980s,
and
are
expensive
64
(perform)
consistently
over
a
large
area.
In
recent
years
some
Inuit
people
in
Nunavut
65
(report)
increases
in
bear
sightings
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
a
66
(believe)
that
populations
are
increasing.
Scientists
have
responded
by
67
(note)
that
hungry
bears
may
be
congregating
(聚集)
around
human
settlements,
leading
to
the
illusion
(错觉)
that
populations
are
68
(high)
than
they
actually
are.
Of
69
nineteen
recognized
polar
bear
subpopulations,
three
are
declining,
six
70
(be)
stable,
one
is
increasing,
and
nine
lack
enough
data.
【语法填空答案】61.that
62.
poorly
63.
of/for
64.
to
perform
65.
have
reported
66.
belief
67.
noting
68.
higher
69.
the
70.
are
本文为说明文。文章介绍了近年来北极熊的生存状况。
61.
考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there
be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
62.
考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has
been
studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
63.
考查介词用法。此处tracking
polar
bear
populations作Modern
methods的定语，用of连接，“methods
of
doing
sth.”意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构；或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
64.
考查非谓语动词。句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填to
perform。
65.
查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in
recent
years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have
reported。
66.
考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故填belief。
67.
考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故填noting。
68.
考查形容词比较级。根据其后than
they
actually
are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
69.
考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已识别的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
70.
考查主谓一致。根据three
are
declining，此处数词six作主语，要用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时，故填are。
3.
（2018全国卷I）
According
to
a
review
of
evidence
in
a
medical
journal,
runners
live
three
years
___61___(long)
than
non-runners.
You
don't
have
to
run
fast
or
for
long___62___(see)the
benefit.
You
may
drink,
smoke,be
overweight
and
still
reduce
your
risk
of
___63___
(die)
early
by
running.While
running
regatesalstly
cann't
make
you
live
forever,
the
review
says
it
___64___
(be)
more
effective
at
lengthening
life___65___
walking,
cycling
or
swimming.
Two
of
the
authors
of
the
review
also
made
a
study
published
in
2014___66___showed
a
mere
five
to
10
minutes
A
day
of
running
reduced
the
risk
of
heart
disease
and
early
deaths
from
all
___67___(cause).
The
best
exercise
is
one
that
you
enjoy
and
will
do.
But
otherwise…
it's
probably
running.
To
avoid
knee
pain,you
can
run
on
soft
surfaces,do
exercises
to___68___(strength)your
leg
muscles(肌肉),avoid
hills
and
get
good
running
shoes.
Running
is
cheap,easy
and
it's
always___69___(energy).If
you
are
time
poor,
you
need
run
for
only
half
the
time
to
get
the
same
benefits
as
other
sports,
so
perhaps
we
should
all
give___70___a
try.
【答案】61.
longer
62.
to
see
63.
dying
64.
is
65.
than
66.
that
\which
67.
causes
68.
strength
69.
energetic
70.
it
\running
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。
61.
考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
62.
考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to
see。
63.
考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
64.
考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
65.
考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more
effective可知此处填than。
66.
考查定语从句的关系词。此处a
study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
67.
考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
68.
考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符合，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
69.
考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
70.
考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give
it
a
try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
4.
（广东省汕头市金山中学2020届高三英语上学期期末考试考试题）
Monkeys
do
not
like
it
when
others
get
more
food
than
they
do,
according
to
a
new
study.
Researchers
from
Yale
and
Harvard
___41___(university)
found
Capuchin
monkeys
punish
monkeys
that
get
more
food.
“This
sort
of,
'
If
I
can't
have
it,
no
one
can
'
___42___(respond)is
because
of
psychological
spite
(怨恨）,and
it
was___43___
(previous)
thought
unique
to
humans,”
said
Kristin
Leimgruber
of
Harvard
University.
She
is
a
co-author
of
the
research
study.
The
researchers
watched
as
some
Capuchin
monkeys___44___
(give)
more
food
than
others.
They
found
that
monkeys
getting
the
___45___(small)
share
pulled
a
rope
to
fold
up
a
table
holding
the
other
monkey’s
bigger
share.
Another
lead
researcher,
Laurie
Santas,
explained
over
email,
“I
think
___46___we
can
conclude
about
humans
is
that
some
of
our
more
___47___(embarrass)
tendencies
have
relatively
deep
roots.”
Santos
said
the
spiteful
reaction
was
not
present
with
another
member
of
the
ape
species—chimpanzees(黑猩猩).
An
earlier
study,
she
said,
showed
chimpanzees
would
fold
up
the
table
of
other
chimpanzees
___48___(steal)
food
from
them.___49___they
would
not
punish
chimpanzees
who
just
happened
to
have
more
food,
Santos
said.
____50____other
words,
it
was
fine
if
another
chimpanzee
had
more
food
as
long
as
they
did
not
steal
it.
【答案】41.
universities
42.
response
43.
previously
44.
were
given
45.
smaller
46.
what
47.
embarrassing
48.
stealing
49.
But
50.
In
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究：猴子不喜欢其它猴子得到的食物比它们多。它们会像人类一样有嫉妒心，当另外的猴子得到更多的食物时，它就会生气嫉妒。
【41题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：来自耶鲁大学和哈佛大学的研究人员发现卷尾猴会惩罚那些得到更多食物的猴子。分析可知，句中应指耶鲁大学和哈佛大学，因此“大学”应是复数形式。故填universities。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：哈佛大学的克里斯汀·莱姆格鲁伯(Kristin
Leimgruber)说:“这种‘如果我不能拥有它，就没有人能拥有它’的反应是由于心理怨恨，而这在以前被认为是人类独有的。”分析可知，所填空应是之前介词of的宾语，应用名词形式。故填response。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：哈佛大学的克里斯汀·莱姆格鲁伯(Kristin
Leimgruber)说:“这种‘如果我不能拥有它，就没有人能拥有它’的反应是由于心理怨恨，而这在以前被认为是人类独有的。”分析可知，所填空修饰动词应是副词作状语。故填previously。
【44题详解】
考查时态和被动语态。句意：研究人员观察当一些卷尾猴被给予其他卷尾猴更多食物时的表现。分析可知，所填空应是从句谓语部分，与从句主语some
Capuchin之间为被动关系，结合语境watched可知应是一般过去时被动。故填were
given。
【45题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：他们发现，得到较小份额的猴子会拉一根绳子，把另一只猴子拿着较大份额的桌子折叠起来（拽翻）。根据后文“the
other
monkey’s
bigger
share”可知，此处应是比较级，the
smaller
share,
较小份额食物。故填smaller。
【46题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：另一位首席研究员劳丽·桑塔斯(Laurie
Santas)在电子邮件中解释道:“我认为，我们可以得出的结论是，人类某些更令人尴尬的倾向有着相对深刻的根源。”分析可知，___6___we
can
conclude
about
humans应是主语从句，从句中动词conclude缺少宾语，应用引导词what。故填what。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意：另一位首席研究员劳丽·桑塔斯(Laurie
Santas)在电子邮件中解释道:“我认为，我们可以得出的结论是，人类某些更令人尴尬的倾向有着相对深刻的根源。”分析可知，所填空应是形容词，修饰之后的tendencies（趋势），embarrass是动词“使人尴尬”，其形容词embarrassing，
意为“令人尴尬的”，可用来修饰事物。故填embarrassing。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她说，早前的一项研究表明，黑猩猩会破坏其他偷走它们食物的黑猩猩的桌子。分析可知，所填空应是非谓语做后置定语，与other
chimpanzees之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填stealing。
【49题详解】
考查连词。句意：但是他们不会惩罚那些恰巧有更多食物的黑猩猩，桑托斯说。分析可知，空后的句子与之前的句子为转折关系，不是像之前偷盗其他黑猩猩的食物，对于偶尔获得较大份额食物的黑猩猩，它们不会施以惩罚。故填But。
【50题详解】
考查介词。句意：换句话说，如果另一只黑猩猩有更多的食物，只要它们不去偷就好了。in
other
words，意为“换句话说”，为固定结构。故填In。
5.
（广东省潮州市2020届高三英语上学期期末考试试题）
“Add
Oil”
is
the
literal
English
translation
of
the
Chinese
phrase
“Jiāyóu”
(Cantonese
“Ga
Yau”),
which
is
used
to
express
encouragement,
____41____
(excite),
or
support
to
others.
It’s
used
in
sporting
events
____42____
(encourage)
a
friend,
and
in
many
other
conversations!
“Add
Oil”
has
now
been
added
____43____
the
Oxford
English
Dictionary.
The
Oxford
English
Dictionary
entry
describes
the
phrase
as
“chiefly
Hong
Kong
English”,
and
notes
its___44___
(early)
appearance
in
a
book
published
back
in
1964.
Some
people
believe
that
the
phrase
____45____
(invent)
at
the
Macau
Grand
Prix
(澳门汽车大奖赛)
during
the
1960s,
where
the
crowd
would
shout
at
the
pit
teams
(加油团队)
to
“Add
Oil!”
to
the
racing
cars.
The
meaning
of
the
Chinese
characters
is
to
add
(jiā)
oil
(yóu),
which
implies
____46____(add)
oil/fuel
to
an
engine
to
fire
____47____
up.
In
places
such
as
Hong
Kong,
where
a
mixture
of
Chinese
and
English
is
____48____
(common)
used
among
friends,
the
English
phrase
often
replaces
the
Chinese
characters,
and
this
is
the
reason
___49___
the
phrase
has
been
added
to
the
dictionary.
The
latest
addition
to
Oxford
English
Dictionary
is
by
no
means
a
stand-alone.
Other
Chinese
phrases
that
_____50_____
(enter)
everyday
English
include
“long
time
no
see”
and
“no
can
do”.
【答案】41.
excitement
42.
to
encourage
43.
to
44.
earliest
45.
was
invented
46.
adding
47.
it
48.
commonly
49.
why
50.
have
entered
【解析】
本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了《牛津英语词典》将“Add
Oil”及其他汉语和英语的混合体收录其中。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：“加油”是汉语“Jiāyóu”（广东话“Ga
Yau”）的直译，用于表达对他人的鼓励、兴奋或支持。结合前文“encouragement”及后文“support”可知，此处为同一句式，应填名词。故填excitement。
【42题详解】
考查不定式表目的。句意：它被用在体育活动中鼓励朋友，还有其他对话中！结合句意，“鼓励朋友”是“它被用在体育活动中”的目的，不定式to可表目的。故填to
encourage。
【43题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：《牛津英语词典》现在加入了“加油”一词。add
to为固定搭配，意为“加入，添加”。故填to。
【44题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：《牛津英语词典》将该短语描述为“主要是香港英语”，并注意到它最早出现在1964出版的一本书中。结合句意，最早出现用形容词最高级形式，early的最高级形式为earliest。故填earliest。
【45题详解】
考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：有人认为，这句话是上世纪60年代在澳门汽车大奖赛上发明的，在那里，人们会向加油团队大喊给汽车加油。during
the
1960s表示发生在过去，“短语”为被发明，且为单数，故用invent的一般过去时的被动语态。故填was
invented。
【46题详解】
考查动名词。句意：汉语的意思是加油，意思是给发动机添加油/燃料来使它燃烧工作。imply为动词，意为“意思是”，其后接动名词作宾语，add变为adding。故填adding。
【47题详解】
考查代词。句意：汉语的意思是加油，意思是给发动机添加油/燃料来使它燃烧工作。结合前文，发动机燃烧工作，it代指发动机。故填it。
【48题详解】
考查副词。句意：在香港这样地方，在朋友之间普遍使用汉英混合词，英语短语经常取代汉字，这就是为什么短语被添加到字典中的原因。修饰动词use用副词，common变为commonly。故填commonly。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在香港这样的地方，在朋友之间普遍使用汉英混合词，英语短语经常取代汉字，这就是为什么短语被添加到字典中的原因。此处是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the
reason，从句成分齐全，连接词在从句中做原因状语，应使用why引导。故填why。
【50题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：包括“好久不见”和“不行”也是其他进入日常英语的汉语短语。结合句意，“好久不见”和“不行”已经进入了日常英语，发生在过去且对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故填have
entered。
6.
(广东省揭阳市揭西县河婆中学2020届高三英语下学期专项训练试题（六）)
US
writer
Margaret
Lee
Runbeck
once
61.
(write),
“Happiness
is
not
a
station
you
arrive
at,
but
62.
manner
of
traveling.”
But
traveling
is
not
always
happy,
at
least
for
the
buddies
in
the
movie
Green
Book.
The
movie
63.
(adapt)
from
the
true
story
of
a
road
trip
through
the
southern
US
in
the
early
1960s.
In
the
film,
the
black
pianist
Don
Shirley
hires
Italian-American
Tony
to
drive
him
to
performances,
but
they
face
problems
because
of
Shirley’s
skin
color.
These
problems
enable
them
64.
(form)
a
special
friendship.
“There’s
something
so
deeply
right
about
this
movie,
so
true
65.
the
time,
said
US
film
critic
LaSalle.
The
time
La
Salle
is
talking
about
was
between
1876
and
1963,
66.
African-Americans
experienced
a
very
different
and
difficult
period.
Many
parts
of
the
country
had
Jim
Crow
laws,
which
allowed
67.
(race)
segregation(隔离).
But
in
1936,
a
blackmail
carrier
named
Victor
H.
Green
published
a
list
of
friendly
68.
(business)
as
a
small
book
with
a
green
cover.
The
Green
Book
helped
African-Americans
travel
more
safely.
Then
in
1964,
Jim
Crow
laws
went
away.
The
book
went
away,
too.
Today
many
US
people
still
remember
the
time
of
Jim
Crow
laws.
But
they
69.
(probable)
don’t
know
about
The
Green
Book.
It’s
a
70.
(forget)
part
of
the
story.
【答案】
61.
wrote
62.
a
63.
was
adapted
64.
to
form
65.
to
66.
when
67.
racial
68.
businesses
69.
probably
70.
forgotten
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了第91届奥斯卡最佳影片《绿皮书》，这个影片讲述了一位黑人雇主和白人司机一路向南的旅行故事。如今，很多美国人还记得《吉姆·克劳法》存在的那个年代，但是他们可能不知道《绿皮书》。它是这个故事被遗忘的部分。
61.
考查一般过去时态。由“once”可知这题要用一般过去时态，故答案为wrote。
62.
考查不定冠词。“a
manner
of...”
…
…的方式，与前面的“a
station”对应。“幸福不是你要到达的一个车站，而是一种旅行的方式。”故答案为a。
63.
考查一般过去时态的被动语态。这部电影改编自一个真实的故事，且时间为过去，故答案为was
adapted。
64.
考查固定搭配。enable
sb.
to
do使某人能够做某事。故答案为to
form。
65.
考查介词。be
true
to忠于；适用于。故答案为to。
66.
考查定语从句。句意：La
Salle所说的时间是在1876年到1963年之间，当时非洲裔美国人经历了一个非常不同又困难的时期。此处“between
1876
and
1963”是先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。
67.
考查词形转换。形容词修饰名词segregation，故答案为racial。
68.
考查名词复数。由“a
list
of”可知这里要用名词复数。business“公司、企业”。故答案为businesses。
69.
考查副词。此处“probably”修饰谓语动词。故答案为probably。
70.
考查过去分词作前置定语。句意：这是故事中被遗忘的一部分。由文意可知，“forget”和“part”
之间是一种被动关系，“The
Green
Book”是被人们遗忘的部分，所以用过去分词来做前置定语。故答案为forgotten。
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