英语八年级上册重点短语（Unit 3 Faster, Higher, Stronger Lesson 7 Time to Exercise）-导学案-北师大版

初中英语 重点短语（Unit 3 Faster, Higher, Stronger Lesson 7 Time to Exercise）

学习目标;
1. 掌握重点短语的用法。
2. 辨析近义词，近义短语。
重点难点：
重点：break the record；at the end of；no one；a bit；be hard for sb.
难点：有关end的短语辨析；no one与none的用法区别。
知识梳理：
【短语学习】
1. break the record 打破记录
动词短语，break the record“打破记录”
He broke the school record in the 100 meters.他打破了100米的校记录。
hold the record 保持记录。如：
She holds the world record for long distance swimming. 她保持着长距离游泳的世界记录。
翻译句子：
他正在尽最大努力去打破记录。

答案：He is trying his best to break the record.
2. at the end of 在……的末尾
at the end of后边可以跟时间和地点名词，表示“在……末”。如：at the end of this month 在这个月末，at the end of last month在上个月末, at the end of next month在下个月末, at the end of the road 在路的尽头等。
We’ll have an exam in English at the end of January. 一月底我们要参加英语考试。
常考短语at the end of+地点，表示“在……的尽头”
in the end，意思是最后，最终。I was saved in the end 我最终获救了。
by the end of 是“到……末”的意思，后边跟不同的时间会有不同的含义和用法。
（1）跟将来的时间，就用一般将来时，如：
By the end of next month，I will finish reading this book. 到下个月末，我将读完这本书。
（2）跟现在的时间，就用现在完成时，如：
By the end of this week, I have written two books. 到这个星期末，我已经写了两本书了。
（3）跟过去的时间，用过去完成时，如：
By the end of last month, I had planted thousands of trees.
到上个月末，我已经种了数千棵树了。
Christmas Day comes of December.
A. in the end B. at the end C. by the end D. to the end
答案：B
思路分析：题意：圣诞在十二月末。at the end of 在……的末尾。故选A。
3. no one 没有一个人
no one意为“没有人”，相当于nobody。no one作主语时，谓语动词应使用单数形式。
No one likes staying at home alone. 没有人喜欢独自一人呆在家里。
no one作主语时，谓语动词应使用单数形式。
none与no one 的用法比较：
（1）none作代词时，可以指人，是“一个人也没有”的意思。如：
The war broke out. All the people felt frightened but none had left there.
战争爆发后，人们很惶恐但是没有一个人离开那儿。
（2）none后常接of短语，of后可接复数可数名词或代词，作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；of后也可接不可数名词，这时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如：
Sorry, but none of us speaks/speak English. 抱歉！我们没有一个人会讲英语。
None of the money on the desk is mine. 桌上的那些钱都不是我的。
（3）none指的是三者或三者以上的人或物中“没有一个”；如果指两者中“没有一个”应该用neither（两者都不）。请比较：
There are many apples in the basket, but none of them are fresh.
篮子里有很多苹果，但没有一个是新鲜的。
There are two apples on the plate, but neither of them is fresh.
盘子里有两个苹果，但没有一个是新鲜的。
（4）用于简略回答时，none用来回答How many...或How much...引起的问句以及含“any (one) of+名词”构成的一般疑问句；no one/ nobody用来回答 Who...问句及含anyone/anybody构成的一般疑问句。
如：—How much water is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少水？
—None. 没有
如：—Who will go to the party? 谁去参加派对？
—No one/ Nobody. 没人。
no one= nobody 只指人，“没有人”，不能指物，语气比none强，后面不能接of构成的短语。no one作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数。如：
No one / Nobody likes a person with bad manners. 没有人喜欢不讲礼貌的人。
_______________ went hiking last weekend because of the bad weather.
A. Someone B. No one C. Everyone D. Nothing
答案：B
思路分析：someone“有人，某人”；no one“没有人”；everyone“每个人，人人”；nothing“什么也没有”。句意“上周末没有人去徒步旅行，因为天气不好”，只有B项符合，故选B。
4. a bit 一点
（1）a bit一点儿，可修饰动词、形容词、副词。
In fact, this problem was a bit (a little) bigger than that one because he didn’t know the answer.
实际上，这个问题比那个要难一些，因为他不知道答案。
（2）a bit一点儿，可修饰不可数名词，后接of。即：a bit of+不可数名词。
There is only a bit of food left for lunch. 中午只有一点点食物了。
（3）a bit一点儿，可修饰比较级
This question is a bit more difficult than that one.
这个问题比那个问题稍微困难那么一点。
常考短语a bit of+不可数名词。表示“一点”。
表示“一点”的“a bit”与“a little”
（1）a bit和a little在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词和比较级时可以互换，表示“一点儿”的意思。例如：
The speaker spoke up a bit/a little so as to make himself heard more clearly.
演讲者把嗓门提高了一点儿，以使别人听得更清楚。
（2）a bit和a little在否定句中的意思恰恰相反，not a bit相当于“not at all”（一点儿都不）；not a little相当于“very(much)”或“extremely”（很、非常）。例如：
She is not a bit tired. (=She is not tired at all.) 她一点都不累。
（3）a little可以直接作定语修饰名词，而a bit则要在后面加of构成短语才能作定语，两者都只能修饰不可数名词。例如：
There is a little/a bit of food left for lunch. 午饭只能吃剩下的一点食品了。
（4）a little修饰bit，意为“少许”。如：
This coat is a little bit big for me. 这件外套对我来说大了一点。
*—What a fine day today!
—Yes, but it’s a bit ___________ than yesterday.
A. hot B. hotter C. so hot D. hottest
答案：B
思路分析：题意：但是今天比昨天热一点，a bit修饰比较级，故选B。
5. be hard for sb. 对某人来说有困难
be hard for sb.对某人来说有困难。hard此处作形容词，意为“难的”，相当于“difficult”。
Playing basketball is hard for me. 打篮球对我来说很困难。
考查hard的用法，hard还可以作副词“努力地；大量地”。
（1）hard 作形容词时，还可意为“坚硬的”。如：
They played this game on the hard wooden floor. 他们在坚硬的木地板上玩这种游戏。
（2）hard还可作副词，表示“努力地；大量地”。如：
You must study harder. 你得更加努力学习。
be hard on sb. 对某人要求严格；be hard (for sb.) to do sth. 很难做到某事
*It’s too you to learn English well.
A. hard for B. hard of C. hardly for D. hardly of
答案：A
思路分析：题意：对你来说把英语学好太困难了。hard“困难的”；hardly“几乎不”。句型为It is +形容词+for sb. to do sth. 故选A。
即学即练：
1. It would be nice to go faster and break record.
A. world B. the world C. world’s D. the world’s
答案：B
思路分析：题意：要是能再快一些、打破世界纪录就好了。break the world record打破世界记录。故选B。
**2. ______________ of last month we had seen five English films.
A. By the end B. At the end of C. In the end D. To the end
答案：A
思路分析：题意：到上月底为止，我们已经看了五场英文电影了，by the end of 到……时间为止。故选A。
*3. —How many birds can you see in the tree?
— . All the birds have flown away.
A. None B. No one C. Nothing D. A few
答案：A
思路分析：本题考代词辨析。根据答语“All the birds have flown away.”，可知没有鸟。故选A。
*4. —Your father is sleeping now. Could you turn down the music ?
—OK, mum.
A. a few B. a bit C. a bit of D. a little of
答案：B
思路分析：题意：a few“几个”；a bit 与a little表示“一点”可修饰动词，故选B。
5. It was raining when we set off.
A. big B. heavy C. hard D. hardly
答案：C
思路分析：题意：我们出发时，天正下着大雨。big指大小；heavy是形容词“大的；重的”；hard“大量地”，可用作副词；hardly“几乎不”。故选C。
同步练习：
（答题时间：20分钟）
一、短语互译
1. sports stars 2. high jump 3. long jump
4. do push-ups 5. do sit-ups 6. 赛跑
7. 爬绳 8. 擅长 9. 打破记录
10. 开玩笑 11. 赛跑队
二、完成句子
1. 他是打破该纪录的第八人。
He was the eighth .
2. 这条胡同的尽头有一家商店。
There is a shop this lane.
3. 到假期结束时，我已经花光了自己所有的钱。
the holiday I had spent all my money.
4. 没人知道如何治疗这种可怕的疾病。
knew how to treat this dreaded disease.
5. 我给你支点招儿。
I’ll give you advice.
三、完形填空
With a determined(坚定的) look on his face, Chicago’s Michael McCarthy held on to the banister(扶手) and climbed to the top of the Willis Tower not long ago. The Tower stands 1,451 feet (442 meters) tall, the 1 building in the US.
The 14-year-old boy finally finished climbing the 2,109 steps and arrived at the top, where he 2 cheers from many people.
“I just want to show people that 3 a kid with no legs can do it, anyone can do it,” McCarthy said.
McCarthy, who was born without legs, has to wear prosthetic legs(假肢) and use a stick to walk. But McCarthy has a strong heart. He believes having a disability(残疾) shouldn’t stop anyone 4 achieving his or her success.
He has been in a special school 5 he was four. When he decided to climb the Willis Tower, his teacher, Jeff Kohn, was moved by his determination(决心) and offered to help train him. They 6 more than ten hours practicing climbing stairs and keeping balance with the prosthetics and sticks on the steps every day. “ 7 seems that he never knows how difficult it is. Sometimes I was so tired that I asked him to rest for a day,” said Kohn. “But he said he was still full of energy and wanted more 8 .”
McCarthy said he was 9 of himself and that the tower now holds special meaning. “When I’m older, I’ll 10 to the building and say ‘Look at this building I climbed’,” he said.
1. A. largest B. highest C. earliest D. latest
2. A. enjoyed B. needed C. made D. kept
3. A. while B. after C. if D. though
4. A. by B. for C. in D. from
5. A. as B. since C. until D. before
6. A. used B. spent C. took D. wasted
7. A. Here B. There C. He D. It
8. A. friends B. helpers C. time D. exercise
9. A. thinking B. talking C. worried D. proud
10. A. point B. go C. turn D. hurry
答案：
一、短语互译
1. 体育明星 2. 跳高 3. 跳远 4. 做俯卧撑 5. 做仰卧起坐 6. run a race
7. climb a rope 8. be good at 9. break the record 10. joke around
11. the running team
二、完成句子
1. to break the record 2. at the end of 3. By the end of 4. No one 5. a bit of
三、完形填空
1. B 解析：根据本文判断是美国最高的建筑物。
2. A 解析：句意：那里他欣赏着来自人群中的欢呼。故答案为A。
3. C 解析：根据句意：我只是想要向人们证明，如果一个没有腿的孩子可以做到，任何人都能做到。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，故答案为C。
4. D 解析：固定短语stop…from...“阻止……”，故答案为D。
5. B 解析：句意：自从他四岁以来，他就上了一所特殊的学校。故答案为B。
6. B 解析：固定搭配spend…doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，故答案为B。
7. D 解析：固定句型It seems that…“看起来似乎……”，故答案为D。
8. D 解析：由上文可知，是想要更多的练习，故答案为D。
9. D 解析：固定短语be proud of“以……为骄傲”，故答案为D。
10. A 解析：短语point to…“指着……”，故选A。