英语八年级上册重点句型（Unit 3 Faster, Higher, Stronger Lesson 7 Time to Exercise）-导学案-北师大版

初中英语 重点句型（Unit 3 Faster, Higher, Stronger Lesson 7 Time to Exercise）
学习目标：
1. 掌握重点句型的用法。
2. 掌握形容词和副词的原级和比较级的用法。
3. 掌握so引导的倒装句的用法。
重点难点 ：
重点：
1. What does David think of sit-ups?
2. What does Mike mean by the last sentence？
3. So is Tina.
4. David thinks sit-ups are easier than push-ups.
难点：形容词和副词的原级和比较级的用法。
知识梳理：
一、重点句型
【句型学习】
1. What does David think of sit-ups? 戴维认为仰卧起坐怎么样？
这个句型用来询问对方对某事的看法，也可以说“How do you like...”。当然对这样的问题不能简单地用“yes”或“no”来回答，而要具体说明理由。类似的表达方式还有：How do you feel about…?
What do you think of your new apartment? 你认为你的新公寓怎么样？
根据提示完成下列句子。
—这本小说怎么样？
—还凑合。
— do you this novel?
—Not too bad.
答案：What; think of/ How; feel about
思路分析：由汉语和英语提示可知，横线处所缺文意为“……认为……怎么样”，可使用固定句式：“What…think of…?”或“How ….feel about…?”
2. What does Mike mean by the last sentence? 迈克说的最后一句话是什么意思？
（1）What do /does …mean by…？意为“……是什么意思？”。该句型用来询问对方某动作或话语的意图，疑问代词what作mean的宾语，by后接名词、代词或动名词。
What do you mean by “tofu”? 你说的“tofu”是什么意思？
（2）还可以说：What’s the meaning by…？
What’s your meaning by shaking your head？你摇头是什么意思？
常考介词by的选择，同时考查by后接名词、代词或动名词，尤其考查其后接动名词。
类似表达方式还有：What does…mean？/ What is the meaning of…？如：
What does the word “quickly” mean?
=What do you mean by the word “quickly”？
=What is your meaning of “quickly”？
单词“quickly”是什么意思？
句型转换。
What do you mean by Haiku? (同义句)
of Haiku?
答案：What is the meaning
3. So is Tina. 蒂娜也是。
此句型为So + do+主语，为表肯定的倒装结构，其主语与上文句子中的主语是不同的。so代表上句中陈述的肯定内容。do可以是连系动词、情态动词或助动词，且必须与上句中的谓语动词保持时态的一致，意思为“……也是如此”。
—I like playing basketball. 我喜欢打篮球。
—So do I.（=I like playing basketball, too.）我也喜欢。（第一句中的I与第二句中的I不是同一人）
—I am tired. 我很累。
—So am I.（=I am tired, too.）
我也很累。
考查so引导的倒装句时，常考查so后面的do的选择。
So+主语+do.句型的用法：
这是一种简单的答语，是表示肯定的结构，是对上文所说的情况加以肯定。其中so的意义相当于indeed, certainly。表示：“的确如此”，“确实这样”。如：
—He works hard.他工作努力。
—So he does, and so does his brother.
他确实是这样，他兄弟也是如此。
句型：So do+主语。此句型只用于肯定句。否定句要用“neither/nor+ do+主语”结构。如：
—He can’t speak Russian. 他不会讲俄语。
—Neither / nor can I. 我也不会讲俄语。
*He has been to Beijing. ______________ I.
A. So can B. Neither can C. Nor can D. So have
答案：D
思路分析：前半句的助动词为have, 回答：我也是，用So have I，故选D。
4. David thinks sit-ups are easier than push-ups. 戴维认为仰卧起坐比俯卧撑简单。
本句表示比较，意为“比起来更……”，easier的原形为easy，为形容词“容易的，简单的”。形容词和副词的原级和比较级用法如下：
一、形容词和副词比较级的构成。
1. 规则变化：
（1）单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上-er。fast—faster, calm—calmer
（2）以不发音的e结尾的形容词和副词，在词尾直接加-r。nice—nicer; fine—finer
（3）以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母, 再加-er。big—bigger; thin—thinner
（4）以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i 再加上-er。early—earlier; happy—happier
（5）多音节和部分双音节的形容词和副词，在原级前加more。popular—more popular; difficult—more difficult
（6）由“动词+后缀-ing/-ed ”构成的形容词和副词，在词前加more构成比较级。bored—more bored; interesting—more interesting
（7）由“形容词+后缀-ly”构成的副词，在该副词前加more构成比较级。slowly—more slowly; happily—more happily
2. 不规则变化：
good，well—better更好的；bad, badly—worse更糟糕的；many, much—more更多的；little—less更少的；far—farther/further更远的/更进一步的(地)；old—older/elder 更老的
二、形容词和副词的原级、比较级用法：
1. 讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是：
主语(sb./sth.) +谓语动词+ (very/too/so/quite/rather…) +形容词/副词原级+……。如：
He is very old now.(他现在很老了。)
They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快。)
2. 表示两者之间没有差别时，使用句型：
主语（第一个人物）+谓语动词+ as +形容词/副词原级+ as+第二个人物+……。如：
He is as excited as his younger sister. 他和他妹妹一样兴奋。
3. 表示第一个人比不上第二个人时，使用句型：
主语（第一个人物）+谓语动词（否定式）+ as / so +形容词/副词原级+ as +第二个人物+……。如：
He is not so / as excited as his younger sister. 他没有他妹妹那么兴奋。
4. 讲述两者有差异，第一个人物超过第二个人物时，用比较级。基本句型：
主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+…。如：
A modern train is much faster than a car. 现代的火车比轿车快多了。
5. 讲述两者有差异，第一个人物不及第二个人物时，用比较级。句型是：
主语(‘A’) +谓语动词+ less+ (多音节形/副)比较级+ than + 第二个人物(‘B’) +…。如：
I think English is less difficult than maths. 我认为英语不比数学难。
三、注意：
1. 以上句型中，如果动词是及物或不及物动词，则后面用副词；如果动词是连系动词，则后面用形容词。如：This car is the fastest of the four.（形容词）（这辆汽车是四辆之中最快的。）/ This car runs (the) fastest of the four.（副词）（这辆汽车是四辆之中跑得最快的。）
2.“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more +原级（多音节或部分双音节形容词和副词）”表示“越来越……”。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天气越来越温暖了。
3.“the+比较级……，the+比较级……”表示“越……就越……”。如：
The more trees we plant, the better it will be.(我们栽的树越多，情况就会越好。)
4. 一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/a little/even/still等词。如：
It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了。)
5. 形容词的比较级用于…of the two….的结构中，比较级前要加定冠词the。如：
He is the more athletic of the two boys. 他是两个男孩子中更强壮的一个。
*I didn’t buy the second-hand book because the seller wanted _________ money than I had expected.
A. less B. least C. most D. more
答案：D
思路分析：本题考查形容词的比较级的用法。由句子后面的than可知前面要有比较级，而选项中的A、D是比较级，B、C是最高级，根据句意“我没买那本二手书，因为商人要的钱比我想象的更多”，所以选择答案D。
即学即练：
1. —What do you think of this skirt?
—It’s beautiful and it fits me well, _________ I like it very much.
A. since B. so C. but D. or
答案：B
思路分析：since 既然；so 所以；but 但是; or 或者，根据句意，是因果关系，所以答案选Ｂ。
*2. —What do you mean “chick”, please?
—In Chinese it means Xiao ji.
—Thank you very much.
A. in B .for C. by D. from
答案：C
思路分析：What do you mean by...？当不明白对方所说的话时，常用这个句型来询问对方。类似表达法还有What does... mean /What’s the meaning of...。故选C。
**3. —I don’t think I can walk any further.
—_________. Let’s stop here for a rest.
A. Neither am I B. Neither can I C. I don’t think so D. I think so
答案：B
思路分析：So+ do+主语。此句型只用于肯定句。否定句要用“neither/nor+ do+主语”。由题意可知为否定句，且上半句助动词为can，故选B。
*4. —Ann, I am worried I’m getting fatter. What shall I do?
—I think you should eat ________food and do more exercise.
A. more B. less C. much D. little
答案：B
思路分析：考查形容词比较等级的用法。根据句意：—安，我担心我正在变胖。我该做什么？ —我认为你应该少吃多运动。对应后面的more，此空用比较级。故选B。
同步练习：
（答题时间：20分钟）
一、单项选择
1. Bob often says that swimming is than hiking in reducing weight, but he always spends more time on swimming.
A. less useful B. less interesting C. more useful D. more interesting
2. The more careful you are, the _______ mistakes you will make.
A. few B. fewer C. fewest
3. Is this kind of pet _________ a pet dog these days?
A. as trendy as B. more trendier than
C. much trendy than D. not so trendier as
4. The Old Town of Lijiang is _____ with tourists for its beautiful buildings.
A. popular B. famous C. special D. different
5. Liuzhou is ________ than Shanghai.
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest
6. It’s summer now, the weather is getting .
A. higher and higher B. lower and lower
C. hotter and hotter D. colder and colder
7. Someone says “Time is money.” But I think time is_________ important than money.
A. less B. much C. even more D. much least
8. Lily isn’t as as Peter. She often makes mistakes in her composition.
A. careless B. careful C. carelessly D. carefully
二、补全对话
A: What did you do last weekend?
B: Well. 1
A: What kind of movie did you watch?
B: 2
A: 3
B: It’s about a famous detective who deals with a difficult case.
A: 4
B: No. It is very interesting!
A: Really?
B: Sure! The detective is very funny, and he does lots of interesting things.
A: 5
B: This weekend my sister will watch it. You can go with her.
三、阅读理解
A
The big red American car was much too wide for an English country road. When Jack saw it coming toward him, he stopped his own car at the side of the road to make room for it to pass. The American car went slowly past, so close that he could see the driver’s face quite clearly.
“Where have I seen that face before?” he thought, “Wait a minute! I remember now. It was in the newspaper!” He took out the newspaper from his bag, turned quickly to the middle page. There was a picture of the face in it. Yes, it had a large mouth and small ears, and his eyes were behind dark glasses.
“Wanted by the police,” read by Jack. “The City Bank will give a lot of money to anyone who helps the police to catch this man.”
“Call the police at once,” he said to himself. But a few minutes later, he was sad. “This man was caught this morning,” answered the police.
1. In which country did the story happen?
A. It happened in America. B. It happened in, Australia.
C. It happened in England. D. The story didn’t tell us.
2. Why did Jack stop his car?
A. He wanted to see who the driver was.
B. He didn’t want to pass by first.
C. The road was too narrow for the two cars to pass at the same time.
D. Because it was good for an Englishman to stop to let other go.
3. Who was wanted by the police in this passage?
A. Jack. B. The driver in the American car.
C. Either Jack or the driver. D. Neither Jack nor the American driver.
4. What did Jack do when he had read the newspaper again?
A. He drove to the City Bank. B. He drove to the police.
C. He made a telephone call. D. He stopped the American car.
5. Who caught the man with a large mouth and small ears?
A. The police. B. Jack C. Nobody. D. The American driver.
B
“Climbing Mount Qomolangma is a kind of discovery.” said a reporter of CCTV. He was sent to join the climbing team for broadcasting (播放) this TV program. The climbers climbed Mount Qomolangma from May 18 to 24. CCTV also sent a team to join in this most dangerous and exciting sport. They called it “Standing at the World’s Third Pole (极) in 2003”.
It is just 50 years since the first climbers got to the top of Mount Qomolangma. In 2003, nearly 600 people from all over the world will try to reach the highest mountain in the world.
As we know, Mount Qomolangma is famous for its height—8,848 metres in the world, so it has attracted thousands of people to climb. On May 25th, 1953, Edmund Hillary from New Zealand, and Tenzing Norgay from Nepal finally reached the top of Mount Qomolangma. This most dangerous sport in the world brings the greatest challenge and the most exciting and happiest moment to human beings because the climbers have to face the terrible cold and avalanches (雪崩), and some other difficulties. The higher they climb, the more difficulties they will meet. On the way to the top they may lose their lives at any time. It is reported that 175 climbers had to live there forever. During the past 50 years, more than 10,000 men and women tried to get to the top, but only 1,200 have made their dreams come true. We Chinese climbers first showed our national flag to the world on the top of the mountain in 1960.
Once someone asked why the pioneers never stopped trying to reach the top. “I don’t think climbing the highest mountain only means danger or death. It is really a chance to challenge. You can really understand their love of nature and the true meaning of life.” a reporter of CCTV answered.
1. How many people succeeded in climbing up to the top of the mountain?
A. 1,200. B. 10,000. C. 175. D. 600.
2. What may the climbers meet when they climb Mount Qomolangma?
A. Avalanches, rain, strong wind and the terrible cold.
B. Mist, strong wind, water and falling ice.
C. The terrible cold, avalanches, mist, strong wind and falling ice.
D. Rain, avalanches, mist, strong wind and falling ice.
3. When did the Chinese climbing team first stand on the top of Mount Qomolangma?
A. In 1953. B. In 1960. C. In 2003. D. In 1950.
4. What does the sentence “It is reported that 175 climbers had to live there forever.” mean? It means .
A. 175 climbers had decided to live there
B. 175 climbers didn’t want to go back forever
C. 175 climbers climbed Mount Qomolangma
D. 175 climbers lost their lives
5. What can we learn from the climbers?
A. Their love of nature.
B. Their spirit of meeting the challenge bravely.
C. Their spirit of never giving up.
D. A, B and C.
答案：
一、单项选择
1. A 解析：考查形容词比较等级的用法。从后面的than可知用比较级，后面的but可知与前面内容相反，but引出的内容是“花更多的时间在游泳上”。可知前面相反的是“无用的”。故选A。
2. B 解析：考查比较级句型。the +比较级…，the +比较级…；表示“越……越……”。
3. A 解析：考查形容词比较等级的用法。根据句意：这些日子这种宠物同宠物狗一样流行吗？as…as…中间用原级，表示“同……一样”。故选A。
4. A 解析：考查形容词用法。根据句意：丽江古城因其美丽的古老建筑受到游客的欢迎。be popular with, 表示“受……的欢迎”。故选A。
5. B 解析：考查比较等级。根据than可知是比较级，因此选B。
6. C 解析：考查形容词比较等级的固定用法。根据句意：现在是夏天了，天气正在变得越来越热。“比较级+and +比较级”表示“越来越……”故选C。
7. C 解析：考查形容词用法。根据后面有than可知是比较级。根据句意：有人说：“时间就是金钱。”但是我认为时间甚至比金钱更重要。故选C。
8. B 解析：考查形容词用法。as+原级+as。根据后面的提示：他经常犯错误。可推出：莉莉不如皮特认真。careless粗心的，careful 认真的。故选B。
二、补全对话
1. E 2. A 3. D 4. F 5. C
三、阅读理解
A
1. C 解析：根据课文第一句“The big red American car was much too wide for an English country road.”可知选C。
2. C 解析：根据课文第一段可知选C。
3. D 解析：根据课文最后一句话可知选D。
4. C 解析：根据课文最后一段可知选C。
5. A 解析：根据课文最后一句可知选A。
B
1. A 解析：根据短文第三段中的句子“During the past 50 years, more than 10,000 men and women tried to get to the top, but only 1，200 have made their dreams come true.”可知只有1200人实现了他们的梦想，即登上峰顶。
2. C 解析：根据第三段中对珠峰恶劣条件的描述“…because the climbers have to face the terrible cold and avalanches, and some other difficulties.”可知登山运动员会遇到可怕的寒冷和雪崩，再根据实际情况还可能遇到mist, strong wind, falling ice。
3. B 解析：根据第三段最后一句“We Chinese climbers first showed our national flag to the world on the top of the mountain in 1960.”可知：中国登山队于1960年首次登上珠峰峰顶。
4. D 解析：这是一道句子理解题，根据这个句子的前句“On the way to the top they may lose their lives at any time.”可知划线句子应理解为“据报道175名登山运动员不得不永远留在那儿。”即175名登山运动员献出了生命。
5. D 解析：综合分析短文内容可知：作者赞扬了登山运动员热爱大自然，勇于迎接挑战，永不言弃的精神。