英语七年级上册Units 3-4语法归纳-导学案-鲁教版（五四学制）

年 级 七年级 学 科 英语 版 本 鲁教版（五四学制）
课程标题 Units 3-4语法归纳
一、学习目标
1. 一般过去时的用法
2. 一般过去时的句式
3. 一般过去时的标志词
4. 一般过去时中动词过去式的构成
二、重点、难点
一般过去时的句式
知识梳理：
【语法学习】
1. 一般过去时的用法
（1）一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
（2）一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
【例句】
He was not at home yesterday. 昨天他没在家。
I often practiced the guitar last year. 去年我经常练习吉他。
【考题链接】
1. —What did you do yesterday evening?
—I _____ my homework.
A. do B. did C. does D. am doing
答案：B
思路分析：根据问句句意“昨天晚上你做了什么？”可知答语的动作发生在过去，即：昨天晚上，故应用一般过去时态。浏览各选项可知B项表示过去时态，是do的过去式。
2. The boy often_______ for his tests last year.
A. study B. studied C. studies D. studyed
答案：B
思路分析：句中虽然有often，但不能用一般现在时，因为句末有表示过去的时间状语last year；本句表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作；study的过去式为studied，故选B项。句意为“去年这男孩经常为测试而学习”。
2. 一般过去时的句式
一般过去时有两种谓语动词，一种是系动词be，另一种是实义动词。
（1）主语+was/ were +其他。
（2）主语+实义动词的过去式+其他。
【考点1】
含系动词be的否定句、疑问句：
（1）否定句：主语+was/were +not +其他.
（2）一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他？
简略肯定回答：Yes,主语+was/were.
简略否定回答：No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
（3）特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？
【例句】
They weren’t at home last Sunday. 上周日他们没在家。
—Were they at home last Sunday? 他们上周日在家吗？
—Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. 是的，他们在。/不，他们没在。
【考点2】
含有实义动词的否定句、疑问句：
（1）否定句：主语+ didn’t (did not) +动词原形+其他.
（2）一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其他？
简略肯定回答：Yes,主语+did.
简略否定回答：No,主语+didn’t.
（3）特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？
【例句】
They didn’t live in Shanghai last year. 去年他们没有住在上海。
—Did they live in Shanghai last year? 去年他们住在上海吗？
—Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t. 是的。/ 不，没有。
When did they live in Shanghai? 他们什么时候住在上海？
【考题链接】
1. Paul and I ______ tennis yesterday. He did better than I.
A. play B. to play C. played D. are playing
答案：C
思路分析：根据题干中的yesterday可知时态用一般过去时，故选C项。句意为“昨天我和保罗打网球了。他打得比我好。”
2. —What did Mr. Smith do before he came to China?
—He _____in a car factory.
A. worked B. works C. is working D. will work
答案：A
思路分析：浏览题干可知问句是一般过去时，故答语也用一般过去时。故选A项。
3. Hello! I’m very glad to see you. When _____ you____ here?
A. did; arrive B. will; arrive C. have; arrived D. are; arriving
答案：A
思路分析：从I’m very glad to see you. “很高兴在这里见到你。”可知问的是“过去”什么时候“到达的”，故答案选A项，是一般过去时。
4. —How was your trip to Hangzhou, Jim?
—Great! We _______ to Xixi National Wetland Park.
A. go B. am going C. will go D. went
答案：D
思路分析：根据问句中的was可知是问“过去的杭州之旅”，故答语用一般过去时。句意为“—去杭州的旅行怎样，吉姆？—太棒了！我们去了西溪国家湿地公园”。
5. —______ he at home just now?
—No, he ______.
A. Is; isn’t B. Was; was C. Is; is D. Was; wasn’t
答案：D
思路分析：时间状语just now意为“刚才”，是一般过去时的标志词；故A，C项不符合语法；根据答语中的no可知是否定句，故选D项。句意为“—刚才他在家吗？—不，不在。”
即学即练：
Ⅰ. 将下列句子改为否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定及否定回答
1. Nancy was in the zoo yesterday morning.
否定句：_____________________________
一般疑问句：_________________________
肯定及否定回答：____________________
2. I did my homework last night.
否定句：_____________________________
一般疑问句：_________________________
肯定及否定回答：____________________
答案：
1. Nancy wasn’t in the zoo yesterday morning.
Was Nancy in the zoo yesterday morning?
Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t.
2. I didn’t do my homework last night.
Did you do your homework last night?
Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. Sally was with her friend last night. (改为否定句)
Sally _____ _____with her friend last night.
2. Frank read an interesting book about history. (改为一般疑问句)
______ Frank ______an interesting book about history?
3. Thomas spent 10 yuan on this book. (改为否定句)
Thomas _____ _____10 yuan on this book.
4. Did he study English well? (改为陈述句)
He _____ English well.
5. My family went to the beach last week. (对画线部分提问)
_____ _____ _____family _____last week?
答案：
1. was not 2. Did; read 3. didn’t spend 4. studied 5. Where did your; go
【考点3】
一般过去时中动词过去式的构成：
（1）规则变化
变化规则 例词 读音
一般直接在动词词尾加-ed。 work → worked 清辅音后面读/t/；
元音、浊辅音后面读/d/；
/t/, /d/后面读作/?d/。
以不发音的e结尾的动词，在词尾加-d。 use → used
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-ed。 worry → worried
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。 stop → stopped
（2）不规则变化
不规则动词无一定的变化规则，需要加强记忆不规则动词的过去式表。
buy → bought; find → found; sing → sang
【例句】
I stopped to have a rest. 我停下来去休息。
He drove to work yesterday. 昨天他开车上的班。
【考题链接】
1. He _____ a book but I cleaned the room.
A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read
答案：A
思路分析：but连接并列句，后句用的是动词的过去式，故前半部分也用动词的过去式；read的过去式形式为read。故选A项。
2. We were in Beijing last week and _____ great fun there.
A. will have B. have C. has D. had
答案：D
思路分析：last week意为“上周”，时态应用一般过去时；have的过去式为had，故选D项。
【考点4】
一般过去时的标志词：
(1) yesterday(morning, evening, afternoon), the day before yesterday等。
(2) last year( month, term, week, night)等。
(3) two days ago, a moment ago(just now), three years ago 等。
(4) in +表示过去的时间点：in 2011等。
【例句】
Yesterday afternoon they played football. 昨天下午他们踢足球了。
They moved to Jinan in 2010. 在2010年他们搬到济南去了。
【考题链接】
1. —______ last year?
—I was 13.
A. How old are you B. How old you are
C. How old were you D. How old you were
答案：C
思路分析：根据答语“我13岁”可知问句询问“你去年多大”？特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词+一般疑问句构成，故排除B，D两项；根据last year可知时态用一般过去时，排除A项。
2. She _____ a letter to her friend yesterday.
A. write B. wrote C. writed D. writes
答案：B
思路分析：根据yesterday可知时态用一般过去时；write的过去式为wrote，故选B项。
同步练习：
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空
1. My father and I ______(visit) Uncle Wang last Saturday.
2. —Where did you go?
—I _____(go) to the mountains.
3. We _____(be) happy to see my friend yesterday.
4. John often ______(do) his homework in the evening last month.
5. —How was your weekend, Jack?
—It _____(be) boring.
6. Tina ______(buy) a new dictionary 2 days ago.
7. My mother _____(wake) me up just now.
8. It _____(be) sunny and hot last week.
9. The boys ______(fly) kites last Sunday afternoon.
10. My sister often ______(read) books in the morning. But now she ______(read).
答案：1. visited 2. went 3. were 4. did 5. was 6. bought
7. woke 8. was 9. flew 10. reads; is reading