第一章 第一节 从生物圈到细胞

(共50张PPT)
必修一 分子与细胞
第一章 走进细胞
Welcome to my class
认识生物
认识我们的课堂
温故知新——走进细胞
每一个生物科学问题的答案都必须在细胞中寻找。
第一节 从生物圈到细胞
生命活动离不开细胞
生命系统的结构层次
1
2
一、生命活动离不开细胞
资料分析：生命活动与细胞的关系
1、草履虫的运动和分裂
1、你还知道哪些单细胞生物？
2、那除了运动和分裂，草履虫还能完成其它哪些生命活动呢？
3、如果没有完整的细胞结构，它还能完成这些生命活动吗？
一、生命活动离不开细胞
2、人的生殖和发育
你和父母之间，什么细胞充当了遗传物质的桥梁？
一、生命活动离不开细胞
2、人的生殖和发育
胚胎发育与细胞的生命活动有什么关系？
一、生命活动离不开细胞
3、缩手反射的结构基础（试一试）
你完成一个简单的缩手反射，至少需要哪些细胞参与？
那我们现在所进行的学习活动主要有哪些细胞的参与？
一、生命活动离不开细胞
4、“艾滋病”，你知多少？
你知道艾滋病为什么会导致人死亡？
一、生命活动离不开细胞
HIV攻击人的T细胞
HIV模式图
艾滋病是免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）引起的，这种病毒能间接地感染破坏人体免疫系统的淋巴细胞，使得感染者的免疫力降低，即免疫缺陷，环境中细小普通的病原微生物便能导致病人出现各种综合病症。
一、生命活动离不开细胞
5、你还知道哪些疾病是由特定的细胞被破坏引起的 ？
小儿麻痹症
（脊髓灰质炎病毒引起）
一、生命活动离不开细胞
你能说说为什么生命活动离不开细胞吗？
生物
无细胞形态：HIV病毒
具有细胞形态
单细胞生物：草履虫
多细胞生物：人
（必须依赖活细胞才能生活）
细胞是生物体结构和功能的基本单位。
二、生命系统的结构层次
1、阅读思考：细胞是怎样构成富有层次的生命系统？
各个层次之间有什么相互联系？
二、生命系统的结构层次
心肌细胞
心肌组织
心脏(器官)
血液循环系统
龟(个体)
龟(种群)
生态系统
生物圈
群落
二、生命系统的结构层次
结构层次 概念 举例
细胞
组织
器官
系统
个体
生物体结构和功能的基本单位
由形态相似，结构、功能相同的细胞组成
不同组织按照一定的次序结合在一起
多个器官按一定的次序组合在一起，
共同完成一种或几种生理功能
由各种器官或系统协调配合共同完成
复杂的生命活动的生物。
单细胞生物由一个细胞构成生物体。
心肌细胞
心脏
乌龟
心肌组织
血液循环系统
二、生命系统的结构层次
结构层次 概念 举例
种群
群落
生态系统
生物圈
在一定的区域内，
同种生物的所有个体
在一定区域内，所有生物的总和
生物群落与无机环境相互作用而形成的统一整体
由地球上所有的生物和这些生物
生活的无机环境的总称
该区域内同种龟的所有个体
该区域内龟
和其他所有生物
水生生态系统
地球
二、生命系统的结构层次
1、如果将心肌细胞改为骨骼肌细胞，生命系统的
结构层次又是怎样的？
2、如果将龟换成人，图中的各层次会发生变化吗？
如果换成一棵树呢？或是一只草履虫？
3、在生命系统的各个层次中，能完整地表现
各种生命活动的最微小的层次是哪一个？
4、一个分子或原子是一个系统吗？
是一个生命系统吗？
三、总结
从最小的细胞开始，到最大的系统（生物圈），构成生命系统的结构具有层次性、复杂性和多样性。尽管生命系统复杂多样，大小不同，但它们层层相依，紧密联系，都离不开 细胞 这一最基本的生命系统。
四、课堂练习
一、基础题
1、（1）活细胞：A、D、G、I；
（2）死细胞：B、E；
（3）细胞的产物：C、F、H。
（1）细胞层次（个体层次，大肠杆菌是单 细胞生物）；
（2）种群层次；
（3）群落层次。
四、课堂练习
3. 请指出以下所属生命系统中相应的结构层次
血液（ ）
牙齿（ ）
神经元（ ）
水塘中的一群鲫鱼（ ）
水塘里的所有生物（ ）
一棵树（ ）
心脏、血管和血液（ ）
一座城市（ ）
结缔组织
器官
细胞
种群
群落
个体
循环系统
生态系统
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