高中英语主谓一致主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式

(共15张PPT)
(十四)主谓一致
　　英语中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式。主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
1.并列结构作主语时。
▲由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
A young man and a girl want to go there.
★但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语
动词要用单数形式。如：
A needle and thread was found on the floor.
▲当each...and each...；every...and every...；no...and no...；many
a...and many a...结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.
Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.
▲由not only...but also...；either...or...；neither...nor...；or连接的
并列主语，谓语动词与就近的名词或代词保持一致。如：
Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat.
▲当主语由as well as, along with, together with，rather than, no
less than, but, except, besides, in addition to, like, including等词连
接时，其谓语动词与前面的名词或代词保持一致。如：
An iron and steal works, with some satellite factories, is to be built
here.
Tom, along with his friends, goes skating every Saturday.
2.百分数、分数作主语时。
当百分数、分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词
来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如果是复数名词或代词，谓
语动词用复数；如果是单数名词(或不可数名词)或代词，谓语动
词用单数。如：
Fifty percent of the students in our school are girls.
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
3.不定代词作主语时。
▲不定代词each, another, the other, either, neither和由some, any,
no, every＋one或thing构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单
数形式。如：
Neither of us has gone through regular training.
Nobody wants to go there，does he
Something has been done to end the strike.
▲all作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数；表示物时，谓语动词用
单数。如：
All is well that ends well.
All are eager to reach an agreement.
4.表示“全体”、“部分”等意义的词作主语时。
▲当主语是most, the rest, the last, the remainder等时，其谓语一
般应遵循意义一致的原则：如果of后面的名词是单数，则用单
数；如果of后面的名词表示复数，则用复数。如：
Three of us will go, the rest are to stay here.
After the big fire, the remainder is nothing.
5.“the＋形容词/过去分词”作主语时。
▲当“the＋形容词/过去分词”表示一类人或事物时，谓语动词用复
数；如果指某一抽象概念时，谓语动词则用单数。如：
The sick here are very well cared for.
The true is to be distinguished from the false.
6.形式为复数、意义为单数的名词作主语时。
▲表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计量、空间、体积等意义的复
数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：
Eight hours of sleep is enough.
Ten pounds was missing from the till.
7.number；many a...等作主语时。
▲the number of...(……的数目)作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而a
number of...(许多……)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
The number of mistakes is surprising.
▲many a, more than one＋单数名词构成的短语，尽管意义上是
复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：
Many a comrade has that kind of opportunity.
8.集体名词作主语时。
▲有生命的词，如：cattle, police等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形
式。如：
The police are investigating the crime.
9.“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中的主谓一致。
▲在“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句中谓语动词
的单复数应由它修饰的先行词的数来决定。如：
This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.
▲在“the only one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句的
谓语动词应用单数形式。如：
Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band.
10.从句、动词不定式、 ing形式作主语时。
▲在“主系表”结构中，如果以what从句作主语，表语又是单数，
主句的谓语动词一般用单数；如果表语是复数，主句的谓语动词
一般用复数；动词不定式、 ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用
单数。如：
What caused the accident is a complete mystery.
To learn English well is difflcult.
过关落实
1.A survey of the opinions of experts ______ that three hours of
outdoor exercise a week ________ good for one’s health.
A.show；are B.shows；is C.show；is D.shows；are
解析：“a survey”作主语，谓语动词用单数；表时间，距离，
金钱的可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词也用单数。
答案：B
2.We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days
and weeks ________ so small that a day is unimportant.
A.is B.are C.has been D.have been
解析：主语是“the time”，故谓语动词用单数。
答案：A
3.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only
one third ________ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all
day long.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
解析：此处one third 指one third of 20 notebook
computers，故为复数；与now相对，用过去时。
答案：D
4.Most of what has been said about the Smiths ________ also true
of the Johnsons.
A.are B.is C.being D.to be
解析：主语为“大部分对Smith 夫妇的说法”，看成单数，谓语
动词用is。
答案：B
5.A poet and artist ________ coming to speak to us about Chinese
literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
解析：a poet and artist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。
答案：A
6.The father as well as his three children ________ skating on the
frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going
解析：主语仍为the father，单数形式；as well as his three
children作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。
答案：C
7.________ of the land in that district ________ covered with trees
and grass.
A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；are
C.Two fifths；is D.Two fifths；are
解析：表示分数时，分子大于一，分母(序数词形式)加s；主语
为land，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。
答案：C
8.Every possible means ________ to prevent the air pollution，but
the sky is still not clear.
A.is used B.are used
C.has been used D.have been used
解析：every possible means每一种可行的方式；means单复数
同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成时
的被动语态。
答案：C
9.As a result of destroying the forests，a large ________ of desert
________ covered the land.
A.number；has B.quantity；has
C.number；have D.quantity；have
解析：a large number of 不修饰不可数名词；a large
quantity of＋不可数名词，谓语用单数。
答案：B
10.He is the only one of the students who ________ the winner of
scholarship for three years.
A.is B.are C.have been D.has been
解析：有the only修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。
答案：D
11.The population of China ________ over 1.3 billion and eighty
percent of its population ________ peasants.
A.is；are B.are；is C.is；is D.are；are
解析：population表示“人口”。当表示人口数为多少时谓语动
词用单数，如果有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。
答案：A
12.Grey as well as his two companions ________ leave ________
Paris tomorrow.
A.are to；for B.is to；for
C.is to；to D.are to；to
解析：句中主语是Grey，单数，故谓语也用单数；leave for
sp.，动身去某地。
答案：B
13.Either your parents or your elder brother ________ to attend
the meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A.are B.have C.is D.had
解析：either...or...遵循就近一致的原则，因your elder
brother为单数，句中谓语也用单数。
答案：C
14.30% of the cattle ________ thin，but the rest ________ fat.
A.are；are B.is；is C.is；are D.are；is
解析：句中主语分别为the cattle/the rest of the
cattle，即“牛/余下的牛”，是可数名词复数，故谓语用复数。
答案：A
15.The writer and actor ________ invited to give us a report on
plays in China.
A.were B.have been
C.was D.has
解析：the writer and actor指一个人(既是作家也是演员)，
谓语动词应为单数。
答案：C