2020_2021学年高中英语学业水平合格性考试复习第一部分话题3居住环境；世界与环境学案含解析

话题3　居住环境；世界与环境
居住环境
[话题基础梳理]
Ⅰ.话题相关词汇
家居摆设
1．桌子　table
2．沙发　sofa
3．椅子　chair
4．冰箱　fridge/refrigerator
5．时钟　clock
6．电脑　computer
7．书架　shelf
8．镜子　mirror
9．床　bed
居室
1．房子　house
2．公寓　flat
3．厨房　kitchen
4．卧室　bedroom
5．书房　study
6．浴室　bathroom
7．花园　garden
8．起居室　living room
9．洗手间　restroom
社区环境
1．邻近地区，社区　community
2．建筑　building
3．位置　position
4．公园　park
5．医院　hospital
6．餐馆　restaurant
7．教堂　church
8．超市　supermarket
9．银行　bank
10．图书馆　library
11．邮局　post office
12．电影院　cinema/movie theater
13．工厂　factory
14．博物馆　museum
15．戏院，剧场　theater
16．酒店　hotel
17．街道　street
其他
1．家乡　hometown
2．乡下　country
3．村庄　village
4．城镇　town
5．城市　city
6．吵闹的　noisy
7．明亮的　bright
8．舒服的　comfortable
9．干净的　clean
Ⅱ.话题相关短语
方向与指路
1．在……前面　in front of
2．从……到　from...to...
3．在……尽头　at the end of...
4．四周看　look around
5．走过，经过　go past/pass by
6．紧接着，相邻　close to/next to
7．直走　go straight/walk straight
8．遥远的　far away
9．远离　keep away from
10．从……出来　come out from
11．在左边/右边　on the left/right
12．过马路　cross the road
13．向左/右转　turn left/right
其他
1．文化广场　culture square
2．许多　lots of
3．大量　an amount of
4．或者……或者……　either...or...
5．不但……而且　not only...but also...
6．既不……也不　neither...nor...
Ⅲ.话题常用句型
1．在我家有一张沙发和两张桌子。
There is a sofa and two tables in my home.
2．我们学校附近有一家餐厅吗？
Is there a restaurant near our school?
3．同学们应该保持我们教室的干净和整洁。
Students should keep our classrooms clean and tidy.
4．图书馆是人们读书的好地方。
Library is a good place for people to read books.
5．“从你家到学校有多远？”“大约15分钟的路程。”
—How far is it from your home to school?
—It's about 15 minutes' away.
6．你需要多长时间到达学校？
How long does it take you to get to school?
7．你介意我在会议室抽烟吗？
Would you mind my smoking in the meeting room?
8．人们住在这个小区里很舒适。
It's comfortable for people to live in this community.
世界与环境
[话题基础梳理]
Ⅰ.话题相关词汇
世界
1．世界　world
2．国家　country
3．首都　capital
4．人口　population
5．民族　peoples
国家
1．中国　China
2．美国　America
3．英格兰　England
4．英国　Britain
5．俄罗斯　Russia
6．法国　France
7．德国　German
8．加拿大　Canada
9．澳大利亚　Australia
10．日本　Japan
环保
1．环境　environment
2．保护　protect
3．法律　law
4．污染　pollute
5．排出　pour/discharge
6．制定　make
7．废物　waste
8．垃圾　garbage
9．噪音　noise
其他
1．漂亮的　beautiful
2．干净的　clean
3．有害的　harmful
Ⅱ.话题相关短语
情况
1．污染的空气　polluted air
2．糟糕的天气　terrible weather
因素
1．奇怪的疾病　weird disease
2．庞大的人口　large population
3．繁重的交通　heavy traffic
措施
1．合理利用　wise use
2．关灯　turn off the light
3．保护动物　protect animals
4．植树　plant trees
5．少开车　drive less car
6．节约用水　use less water
7．循环利用纸张　reuse paper
8．处理垃圾　treatment of landfill
9．制定法律　make laws
其他
1．其中之一　one of...
2．因……而出名　be famous for
Ⅲ.话题常用句型
1．中国是世界上最大的国家之一。
China is one of the biggest countries in the world.
2．中国比亚洲任何一个国家都大。
China is bigger than any other country in Asia.
3．如果每个人都能为保护环境做贡献，我们将会生活在一个更美好的世界。
If everyone can make a contribution to protecting our environment，we will live in a better world.
4．夏威夷以美丽的海滩出名。
Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches.
5．保护环境，人人有责。
It's everyone's duty to protect the environment.
6．许多人忘记了拯救地球要从小事做起。
Many people forget that saving the earth begins with small things.
7．现在环境污染问题越来越严重。
Problems of environmental pollution are getting worse and worse now.
8．世界人口变得越来越多。
The world's population is getting larger and larger.
9．我们不应该到处扔垃圾，我们应该把垃圾扔在垃圾箱里。
We should throw rubbish into bins instead of throwing them everywhere.
10．你可以骑自行车或者步行，而不是开车上学或工作。
You can ride your bike or walk instead of driving to school or work.
[话题范文示例]
6月5日(June 5)是世界环境保护日，我们周围有些地方的环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重。环境问题影响着人们的工作，学习，生活等，而我们的工作，生活，生产等又使环境污染越来越严重。如何保护我们的环境？请以“How to protect/save our environment/world”为题写一篇短文。
内容包括：
1．谈谈我们的环境存在哪些问题及其危害。
2．就如何改善环境提出建议(3～4点)。
3．发出号召。
作文要求：
1．不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称、老师和同学的真实姓名。
2．语句连贯，词数80左右。文章的标题已给出，不计入总词数。
【思路点拨】
第一步：审题。
人称________　时态________
第二步：列提纲。
第1段：谈谈我们的环境存在哪些问题及其危害。(建议适当使用并列句)
参考句型：
1．Water is polluted and...
2．Not only does it affect our lives and health，it also...
第2段：就如何改善环境提出建议(3～4点)。(建议适当使用复合句)
参考句型：
1．First，...Besides，...What's more...
2．If we...
3．We'd better...
第3段：发出号召。(建议适当使用复合句)
参考句型：
1．I hope...
2．I believe...
3．I think...
第三步：列出主要的短语和句型。
1．越来越严重　more and more serious
2．保护环境　protect the environment
3．对……产生巨大影响　have a great affection on sth.
4．不但……而且……　not only...but also...
5．在将来　in the future
6．为……做贡献　make a contribution to...
7．为了……　in order to...
8．过更好的生活　live a better life
9．乱扔垃圾　throw away rubbish everywhere
10．尽可能长久的　as long as possible
11．多植树　plant more trees
12．阻止某人做某事　stop sb.doing sth.
第四步：运用and，or，so，because，if，first of all，besides，what's more等连接词将以上要点连成文章，并注意句型多样化。
【小试牛刀】
How to save our environment
The environmental pollution is more and more serious today.___
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[参考范文]
How to save our environment
The environmental pollution is more and more serious today.As we know，many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted and the amount of water which is suitable to drink is less and less.Many trees are cut down.The number of some animals is getting less and less.Not only does it affect our lives and health，it also has a great affection in the future.In order to live a better life，we need to protect our world.
First of all，we shouldn't throw away rubbish everywhere. Besides，we should recycle，reduce，reuse things.Don't waste things and use things for as long as possible.This can help save money and reduce pollution.What's more，don't use plastic bags.At last，we must plant more trees and stop people cutting them down at will.
If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment，the world will become much more beautiful.
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